Crimean nature. Photo, description of the nature of Crimea, features of the Crimean nature, photo of the mountain system of Crimea. Nature, plants and animals of Crimea

The Crimean peninsula is surrounded by the sea on four sides, and only the Perekop isthmus, seven kilometers wide, connects it to the mainland.

The area of Crimea is 27,000 km2. It is smaller than Switzerland, but larger than Israel or Cyprus, and its coastline is 2,500 km long.

CLIMATE

Spring in Crimea, especially on the coast, is usually long, wet and windy. The most unpleasant month is March, but rains with fogs are not uncommon in May. But autumn here is dry and sunny, besides, in good seasons, the temperature sea water does not fall below 18 ° C until the end of October.

Summer in the Crimea is hot, in the steppe the temperature reaches 40 °C. The coast is slightly cooler due to the sea breeze. The air warms up the most in July: on the coast, the temperature rises to 36–38 °С, and on the tops of the mountains - up to 27–32 °С. However, during the summer there are no more than 20 such hot days.

The locals call Greater Yalta an "oven". Its valleys and beaches are covered by a mountain range that does not let the cold wind through. The warm breath of the sea and the evergreen vegetation of the South Coast make the local air fragrant and healing.

Winter in Crimea is mild and snowless: a stable snow cover that would last at least thirty days occurs only in the mountains, not lower than 400-600 m above sea level. The higher - the colder: every 100 m "lower" the temperature by 0.6 ° C. On the Ai-Petri plateau, the climate is similar to that near Moscow, except that the wind is stronger here, and on the northern slopes of Babugan and Chatyrdag it is usually cooler than in the Moscow region.

Characteristic landscape: once the southern slopes of the mountains Crimean peninsula were completely covered with subtropical forests

MOUNTAINS

In Crimea, both slow mountain-building processes and sudden planetary cataclysms left their mark. Hard volcanic rocks are presented here - gabbro-diabase, diorite, granite-porphyry and others, of which Karadag, Bear Mountain (Ayudag), Kastel are composed. Above Alupka, you can see diabase "chaos" (a natural heap of diabase blocks). But South Demerdzhi over Alushta consists of a fragile loose conglomerate - a mixture of sand, clay and crushed stone. However, the main material of the Crimean mountains is the limestone of coral reefs (mountains Sokol, Orel, Karaul-Oba, Ai-Petri) and sedimentary rocks ( most of Crimean mountains). Limestone forms funnels, wells, shafts and multi-tiered, bizarrely shaped caves - there are more than a thousand of them in the Crimea. The deepest such cave is the Soldatskaya mine on Karabi-yayla (517 m).

The central, northern and western parts of the peninsula are steppes. In the east, it passes into the Kerch hills, and near Feodosia, the Main mountain range begins - a chain of ridges, peaks and plateaus, which are called yayls here. The length of the ridge, which stretches from the southwest to the northeast of Crimea, is 180 km, and its average height- from 600 to 1000 m.

To the north of the Main Ridge is the Second (Inner) Ridge, about 600 m high. Behind the Second Ridge, there is also the Third Ridge, which is quite low. Further - only the steppe. And the southern coast of Crimea, so beloved by vacationers, is a narrow, no wider than 12 km, strip of land between the sea and the foot of the Main mountain range.

Gurzuf and Ayudag in the evening

COAST, BEACHES, estuaries

From the mainland, we get to the Crimea through Sivash - a shallow bay of the Sea of Azov, whose area is 2560 km². Its shores, indented by bays, form spits and peninsulas, and in the bay itself there are about 60 islands. The depth of the Sivash for the most part does not exceed 1 m and only in rare places reaches 3 m, and its bottom is covered with a thick layer of silt. The water in the bay is much saltier than sea water. Warming up to 42 ° C in summer, it emits a putrid smell, which is why Sivash is called the Rotten Sea.

Sivash is separated from the Sea of Azov by a long narrow spit of the purest yellow sand - Arabat arrow. It starts from the Kerch Peninsula and ends in front of the Genichesk. The Genic (Thin) Strait, 100 m wide, cuts off Arabatka, linking the Sivash with the Sea of Azov.

From the northeast, Crimea is washed by the shallow - its depth does not exceed 14 m - and warm (water temperature can reach 30 ° C) Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, rich in plankton and fish. However, the most convenient shallow beaches with yellow sand for swimming are located on the east and west coasts Crimea. This is Arabatka Kerch Peninsula, Feodosia Bay - and another 130 km of "golden" sands around Evpatoria. But on the southern coast and on both sides of it, from Koktebel to Sevastopol, the shores are covered with broken waves, more or less run-in rock. There, the beaches are rocky - only in some places near the coast there are small pebbles - and they are all separated by capes resistant to waves. And the most beautiful capes with bays are located among the ancient coral reefs of the New World.

The best coarse sand beach on the South Coast is located in the Sudak Bay. Farther, to the west, among the wild rocks, in some places, pebble bays open with cozy beaches, but what closer mountains to the water, the fewer such places.

In Alushta there are still wide natural beaches, but in Yalta they are mostly artificial. They are quite suitable for recreation, but they are not suitable for spearfishing, diving or snorkeling. All these joys can be obtained 20 km from Yalta, in the Blue Bay.

The shores from Castel to Fiolent are rocky, the sea is deep here. Coast Western Crimea steep, in some places clayey (Kalamitsky Bay). IN Lately visitors appreciated the nature of Atlesh and Dzhangul on Cape Tarkhankut. These roughly broken rocks, grottoes and underwater caves pierced by the sea attract swimmers, scuba divers, and spearfishers.

In Crimea, there are about 50 salt lakes - estuaries, of which 26 are recognized as curative. At the bottom of them fat black silt accumulates - peloid, or therapeutic mud. On balneological resorts it is used to treat patients. One of the most famous such resorts is Lake Saki (it is located near the town of Saki, 20 km from Evpatoria), on the banks of which there are several sanatoriums. The first local mud bath was opened here in 1827. Lake Saki is 13 times saltier than the sea; a person can, lying on the water, read a newspaper.

Lake Sivash

VEGETABLE WORLD

There are about 2,500 species of wild-growing higher plants on the Crimean peninsula (of which 240 are endemic, that is, growing only here), and in botanical gardens and parks of the Crimea, you can find about 30,000 species.

Plain Crimea is a dry steppe, wind, lack of water. Most of the plants are undersized, withered, hard, prickly - acacia, thuja, skumpia, rarely - poplar. Often there is a goof silver. In June, it blooms, and not a single wild Crimean plant can be compared with its amazing, heady aroma. Salt-resistant grasses grow near the estuaries and Sivash. Tulips bloom in May, then poppies. The steppe is beautiful at this time.

In the mountains grows juniper, hazel, dogwood, oak, hornbeam, alder, ash, wild rose, hold the tree, wild apple and pear, cherry plum.

Dogwood in bloom. In the wild, this beautiful plant is found in the mountains and along the banks of rivers.

On the southern slope Main Ridge, above 600 m, a beech-hornbeam forest begins. Above Big Yalta, at an altitude of 400 to 700 m, there is a pine forest, the Crimean beech grows higher. In Crimean pines, the bark is thicker than in ordinary ones, the needles are longer, and the cones are larger. And the resin is formed twice as much. Therefore, the most healing, most saturated with phytoncides air is above Yalta.

On the South Shore, plants bloom all year round. In October-November, medlar blooms, roses bloom for the second time, in December, wild daisies appear on the southern mountain slopes; pale purple colchicum, mullein and tansy, sometimes snowdrops. In January, hellebore blooms in the gardens, almond and galanthus corollas may open. In February comes the time of jasmine, honeysuckle, winterflower, crocus, almond, in March - wild almond and dogwood, levkoy and milkweed, Japanese quince, crimson and Sulange magnolia with its large, lonely, pinkish-white buds. Gardens bloom in April, the main decoration of which is cherry plum, apricot and peach. In May - roses, tulips, scarlet, wisteria, "golden rain". In June, magnolia blooms, pink corollas of Lankaran acacias, tekoma, oleander, resin seed, cherry laurel, yucca appear ... And so the whole year.

Magnolia flowers - one of the symbols of a subtropical paradise

The farther east from Alushta, the poorer nature becomes: many subtropical plants simply disappear. Along the road to Sudak, in addition to the usual oaks and hornbeams, poplars, dull pistachios (wild, with inedible fruits), skumpii, hawthorn and wild rose, wild apple trees and pears, blackthorn and hold-a tree with thorns similar to fishhooks grow.

ANIMAL WORLD

In Crimea, 58 species of mammals and about 300 species of birds have been found. Of the small mammals, we will mention field mice, ground squirrels, jerboas, hamsters (in the steppe part), wildly voracious shrews. Bats wintering in caves take off for summer night hunting (for mosquitoes, midges and small butterflies). A hedgehog, a teleut squirrel from Altai, a hare - everything is about the same as on the continent. There are steppe fox and mountain fox, stone marten, ferret, weasel. But wolves are rarely seen. Of the ungulates in the forest, roe deer are the most numerous, sometimes you can see the Crimean red deer and wild boars.

Vulture chick. Crimea is one of the few regions of Europe where these rare birds have been preserved.

The largest birds of the Crimea are black vultures. In second place in size are white-headed vultures. There are very few of those and others left in the Crimea, not even hundreds. Woodpeckers, hawks, falcons, owls, black crows, noisy jays, blackbirds live in mountain and lowland forests. In the steppe - bustards and almost extinct little bustards. At one time, golden pheasants were brought to the nursery near Belogorsk, and the bird settled throughout the foothills. Herring gulls, gull gulls, petrels fly over the sea, dives, shelducks and cormorants dive under the water.

Crimea is separated from the mainland by a narrow isthmus inaccessible to migration, so there are many endemics here, for example, the Crimean granular ground beetle is a large, up to 5 cm in size, harmless purple beetle.

But karakurt pose a danger to people. Small and inconspicuous, they are very poisonous. They live mainly in the steppe part of the peninsula, so that on the western and east coasts It is better not to walk barefoot on the grass.

Centipedes live in damp semi-basements. However, they may well crawl into the tent. This is a long creature, reaching 20 cm, similar to a huge centipede. On the walls, floor and ceiling, the centipede moves with frightening speed. It is advisable to avoid close acquaintance with them: after their bite, the temperature rises for several days. Of the Crimean snakes, only the steppe viper is poisonous. There are no vipers in the mountains and on the South Shore.

The rarest and most beautiful of the local lizards is the Crimean gecko. He lives only on the southern coast, from Alushta to Chersonese. From November to April, geckos hibernate, in summer they are nocturnal, eating insects and spiders, and during the day they hide in crevices among stones.

The Crimean gecko can sometimes be found on the South Shore

MARINE FLORA AND FAUNA

270 species of red, green and brown algae grow in the Black and Azov Seas. Near the Crimean shores, phyllophora and cystoseira are the most abundant.

Two types of jellyfish are found in the water column - a safe flat Aurelia and a bluish cornerot, burning like a nettle.

Small fish swim close to the shore: sea horse, sea needle, dogs, greenfinches. At the bottom lie sea cats (stingrays with poisonous spines) and foxes, flounders. On the stones - sea ruffs (scorpions), also with poisonous spines. Red mullet graze in the sand, they are also sultans. The mullet, pilengas (Far Eastern mullet), croaker, katran (Black Sea shark) live at the depths. This shark is not dangerous for a person: it never attacks him.

The most dangerous of all is a small fish, similar to horse mackerel, but with three needles in the dorsal fin. These needles contain a poison so strong that, if you prick, you can get sick for the whole vacation. The fishermen called this terrible fish the sea dragon.

At night, crabs come ashore from rocky crevices. The predatory molluscs of the rapana, which migrated to the Black Sea from the southern seas, crawl onto the mussel in search of food, open its wings and gnaw out the contents.

Three types of dolphins live in the Black Sea: fatsena (porpoise), common dolphin and bottlenose dolphin. It is bottlenose dolphins that are usually shown in dolphinariums.

The bottlenose dolphin is one of three species of dolphins found off the coast of the peninsula

      The flat Crimea is characterized by a moderately warm steppe climate with hot dry summers and mild wet winters. The influence of the mainland gives it the features of continentality and causes significant weather instability.
      The North-Western Crimea is characterized by a milder climate and less pronounced contrasts than in neighboring areas steppe Crimea: summers on the coast are less hot, and winters, especially in the southern part, are warmer. The average annual amount of precipitation is less, and their maximum occurs in autumn, and not in summer, as in the inner parts of the Crimean plains. By the abundance of the sun, this region is not inferior to the famous Crimean resorts. The amount of precipitation is influenced by the dissection of the surface of the peninsula.
                            updrafts air, clouds and precipitation. Where the terrain is more dissected, precipitation usually falls more.
      An important role in the uneven distribution of summer precipitation is also played by the proximity of the sea: in coastal areas they fall less.
      The idea of the exceptional dryness of the climate of these places, based on the materials of weather stations, does not quite correspond to reality. The inner parts of the region are moistened no less than many other regions of the Crimea. In addition, there are large fluctuations in annual precipitation.
      Winter in Northwestern Crimea is milder than in central regions flat Crimea. average temperature February - at Cape Tarkhankut - + 0.5 ° C, while in the central part of the steppe Crimea it is almost 3 ° C lower. However, the air temperature is sometimes subject to sharp fluctuations. Due to frequent precipitation and low evaporation, the winter is relatively wet, with few foggy days. Snow usually appears in last days December and leaves at the end of February. Due to frequent thaws, the snow cover is unstable. In winter, snow lies for 17 - 20 days.
      Spring in the North-Western Crimea comes earlier than in the central regions of the peninsula. However, the increase in heat is slow due to the influence of the sea cooled during the winter.
      Summer is clear, hot and dry. The hottest month is July. The average monthly temperature in July at Cape Tarkhankut is + 22.6°C. Essentially, summer season begins here in the second half of May and ends in September, that is, it lasts 4–5 months.
      Due to the fact that the sea gives off heat at night more slowly than land, the coast in summer is blown by soft winds - breezes that change direction twice a day. The balneologists consider the sea breeze to be an effective healing factor.
                                           The second half of the summer is drier than the first.
      Autumn in the North-Western Crimea, as well as on the peninsula in general, is considered to be best time of the year. Cloudiness continues to be low, precipitation is relatively low, but the macaw subsides and air humidity increases. Autumn is warmer than spring by 2-4°C. In the first half of November, light frosts appear, and in the second there is a sharp change in weather.
                  In general, the climatic conditions of the North-Western Crimea are favorable for growing grain crops, vegetables, potatoes, orchards and vineyards, and on the coast for resort construction.

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NORTH-EASTERN CRIMEA The Sivash-plain region located in the north-eastern part of the Crimean peninsula Region composition: Nizhnegorsky district Sovetsky district Kirovsky district

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Northeastern Crimea is perhaps the most unknown and little visited region of Crimea. But in this distant corner you can find a lot of interesting and unusual things. This place is for those who pave the way for themselves. The recommended mode of transport is a bicycle, a motorcycle or an ATV, an SUV or an ordinary passenger car. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION

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Features of the nature of the northeastern Crimea

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STATE BOTANICAL RESERVE "PRISIVASHSKY" The virgin steppe with medicinal plants, including vast thickets of chamomile, a valuable and very popular medicinal plant, is protected in it. Lake Sivash, framing the reserve, has no less health benefits. .

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AGARMYSH FOREST More than 200 years old. In 1964 it was declared a protected area. Beech, oak, hornbeam are the main species of the Old Crimean forest. A unique Crimean beech, a rare species of hornbeam - oriental hornbeam and two varieties of oak are under protection here: fluffy and rocky.

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SIVASH - the coast of the bay is extremely dissected and winding. Coastline does not have clear, stable outlines and creates a picture of a complex natural labyrinth. Most of the narrow peninsulas elongated in the northeast direction are called “tyups” or “kuts”, and the land areas temporarily flooded due to surge currents are called “droughts”

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Mount AGARMYSH is a classic Mediterranean type karst. Water, dissolving limestone, forms a variety of grottoes, wells, mines, caves. Here it is interesting cave « bottomless well". The entrance to this cave is closed with a reinforced concrete slab. Bottomless well - an open mine. It is a failure, leading to a chamber with a diameter of 4 m, from the bottom of which a 38-meter shaft expanding downwards begins. At the bottom there is a blocky heap, on the walls there are separate streaks. There are many legends about this cavity, which are reflected in its names. The main feature is the increase in the warm period of carbon dioxide concentration to life-threatening (up to 4 vol.%). The record content of CO2 is 7.62%. Descent only in an insulating gas mask. The oxygen content drops to 1416%. In winter, the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases.

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ARABAT STRELKA - A narrow and long (113 km) spit extends from the Akmonai isthmus in a northwestern direction. It separates from the Sea of Azov its shallow and very salty (up to 200 ppm) lagoon - Sivash. Arabat Spit consists mainly of shell material, the width is from 270 meters to 8 kilometers.

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ARMS OF REGIONS

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NIZHNEGORSKY Nizhnegorsky (until 1944 Seitler; Crimean Tatar Seyitler, Seyitler) is an urban-type settlement in the Sivash steppe region of the Republic of Crimea, the center of the Nizhnegorsky district. The largest and most significant enterprises of Nizhnegorsk include a plant for the production of mixed fodder, juices, oils, various cereals, flour and canned fruits and vegetables. The village has a bread factory and organizations providing housing and communal services. Numerous small enterprises of Nizhnegorsk are engaged in trade and construction activities

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Soviet (until 1944 - Ichki, Crimean Tatar. İçki) - an urban-type settlement in the Soviet district of the Republic of Crimea of Russia ( Autonomous Republic Crimea). In the village there are agricultural, rayagrostroy, hatchery and poultry enterprises and other enterprises local importance, which are engaged in servicing agricultural enterprises of the region. The largest enterprises: a bakery, a winery, a printing house. There are 449 enterprises operating in the region. Trade services for the population are carried out by consumer cooperation enterprises and business structures.

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KIROVSKOE Kirovskoe (until 1945 Islam-Terek; Crimean Tatar. İslâmTerek, Islyam Terek) is an urban-type settlement in the east of Crimea. The center of the Kirovsky district of the republic. The population is about 7 thousand people. The industry of the village is represented by such enterprises: OATP "Kirov Repair and Transport Enterprise" (engineering and metalworking), printing house, OATP "Kirov Feed Mill".

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ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE NORTH-EASTERN CRIMEA REGIONS The economy is based on agricultural production. In recent years, active work has been carried out in the region to develop tourism and recreation. Particularly promising are the territories on the coast of Sivash. Diversity natural landscapes(floodplains, spits, shallow waters, reed beds), deposits of unique therapeutic mud, the presence of fish ponds, a large concentration of hunting bird species - all these factors create favorable ground for the development of recreational and tourist activities in the area (primarily fishing tourism). Rural (“green”) tourism is developing rapidly, which is also due to favorable natural conditions. Much attention is paid to the development of folk crafts, mainly related to the processing of sheep products.

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECTS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN CRIMEA First of all, these are mounds - the so-called "pyramids of the steppes". One of them - the Nogaychinsky mound near the village of Chervonoe (Nizhnegorsky district) - in 1974 pleased with a unique find. The burial of a woman who supposedly lived at the end of the second century BC was discovered. - first century AD The woman’s head was crowned with a golden diadem, a massive golden hryvnia with the image of griffins adorned her neck, a golden brooch rested on her chest, there were bracelets on her arms and legs, and her hands were decorated with precious stones The remains of a wooden box contained gold rings, incense bottles, beads, a dolphin-shaped rock crystal earring.

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The city of OLD CRIMEA is a tourist "Mecca" of the Kirovsky district

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Stary Krym is a city in the eastern part of Crimea. The population is about 10 thousand people. The main sights of the city are the buildings of the XIII-XIV centuries, when Kyrym was the center of the Crimean Yurt. The current mosque of Khan Uzbek has been well preserved to this day. In the eastern part of the city are the ruins of a mint, a caravanserai and the Kurshum-Jami mosque, and 5 kilometers west of Stary Krym is the medieval Armenian monastery of Surb-Khach (Holy Cross), the revival of which has begun in recent years. In addition, the city has ethnographical museum dedicated to the culture of the Crimean Tatar people.

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MOSQUE OF KHAN UZBEK IN OLD CRIMEA Khan Uzbek, who ascended the Golden Horde throne in 1312, having become an adherent of Islam, ordered to build a beautiful mosque and the highest Muslim religious school - madrasah. The construction of the mosque began in 1314. According to the Turkish traveler EvliyaChelebi, in 1512-1513, under Mengli Giray, the mosque was a cathedral one. Now the mosque is a rectangular building of the basilica type with an entrance from north side and a minaret built into the northeast corner. The longitudinal axis of the building is oriented in the north-south direction, so that the faithful in the building, praying, turned their faces to the south, towards Mecca.

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SURB-KHACH Surb-Khach - Armenian monastery. The church bearing the name of Surb-Nshan was built in 1358 during the Armenian colonization of Crimea. Later, a gavit (porch) with a bell tower was added to the temple. And in 1719 - a fraternal building with cells for monks. The monastery is more like a fortress than a humble abode. Windows - like loopholes, and from a bell tower, similar to watchtower until the forest surrounded the monastery, the access road was visible.

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GREEN MUSEUM IN THE OLD CRIMEA The exposition of the museum consists of two small rooms. One of them is completely preserved in its original form. Alexander Stepanovich died here. An iron bed by the window, a couch on which Nina Nikolaevna Grin was on duty at the bedside, a badger skin, an old alarm clock, a vase for flowers. In the second room - books, manuscripts, old photographs with views of the Old Crimea and Kara-Dag.

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HOUSE-MUSEUM OF K.G. Paustovsky Museum is located in a house with a shady old garden. Here the writer stayed in the 1950s. In confirmation of this, an original exposition was created under open sky- a wonderful garden, which presents quotes from the works of Paustovsky. As if the writer himself tells the visitor about his favorite corner. The typological interior of a provincial petty-bourgeois house of the early 20th century has been recreated in four halls, and an exposition has been deployed that tells about the life and creative path of Paustovsky.

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TOPONYMS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN CRIMEA

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Stary Krym - a city of museums Museum complex of the city Literary and Art House-Museum of A.S. Grin House-Museum of K. PaustovskyMuseum of Culture and Life of the TatarsMuseum of History and Local Lore Memorable places of Old Crimea Panteleimon Starokrymsky cemetery, including --- the grave of Alexander Grin --- the grave of Yulia Drunina Commemorative historical places Northeastern Crimea

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CLIMATE

COAST, BEACHES, estuaries

Lake Sivash

VEGETABLE WORLD

ANIMAL WORLD

MARINE FLORA AND FAUNA

The Crimean peninsula is surrounded by the sea on four sides, and only the Perekop isthmus, seven kilometers wide, connects it to the mainland. The area of Crimea is 27,000 km2. It is smaller than Switzerland, but larger than Israel or Cyprus, and its coastline is 2,500 km long.

CLIMATE

Spring in Crimea, especially on the coast, is usually long, wet and windy. The most unpleasant month is March, but rains with fogs are not uncommon in May. But autumn here is dry and sunny, besides, in good seasons, the temperature of sea water does not fall below 18 ° C until the end of October.

Characteristic landscape: once the southern slopes of the mountains of the Crimean peninsula were completely covered with subtropical forests

In Crimea, both slow mountain-building processes and sudden planetary cataclysms left their mark. Hard volcanic rocks are presented here - gabbro-diabase, diorite, granite-porphyry and others, of which Karadag, Bear Mountain (Ayudag), Kastel are composed. Above Alupka, you can see diabase "chaos" (a natural heap of diabase blocks). But South Demerdzhi over Alushta consists of a fragile loose conglomerate - a mixture of sand, clay and crushed stone. However, the main material of the Crimean mountains is the limestone of coral reefs (mountains Sokol, Orel, Karaul-Oba, Ai-Petri) and sedimentary rocks (most of the Crimean mountains). Limestone forms funnels, wells, shafts and multi-tiered, bizarrely shaped caves - there are more than a thousand of them in the Crimea. The deepest such cave is the Soldatskaya mine on Karabi-yayla (517 m).

Gurzuf and Ayudag in the evening

COAST, BEACHES, estuaries

From the mainland, we get to the Crimea through Sivash - a shallow bay of the Sea of Azov, whose area is 2560 km². Its shores, indented by bays, form spits and peninsulas, and in the bay itself there are about 60 islands. The depth of Sivash for the most part does not exceed 1 m and only in rare places reaches 3 m, and its bottom is covered with a thick layer of silt. The water in the bay is much saltier than sea water. Warming up to 42 ° C in summer, it emits a putrid smell, which is why Sivash is called the Rotten Sea.

Sivash is separated from the Sea of Azov by a long narrow spit of the purest yellow sand - the Arabat Spit. It starts from the Kerch Peninsula and ends in front of the Genichesk. The Genic (Thin) Strait, 100 m wide, cuts off Arabatka, linking the Sivash with the Sea of Azov.

From the northeast, Crimea is washed by the shallow - its depth does not exceed 14 m - and warm (water temperature can reach 30 ° C) Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, rich in plankton and fish. However, the most convenient shallow beaches with yellow sand for swimming are located on the eastern and western coasts of Crimea. These are Arabatka, the Kerch Peninsula, the Feodosia Bay - and another 130 km of "golden" sands around Evpatoria. But on the southern coast and on both sides of it, from Koktebel to Sevastopol, the shores are covered with broken waves, more or less run-in rock. There, the beaches are rocky - only in some places near the coast there are small pebbles - and they are all separated by capes resistant to waves. And the most beautiful capes with bays are located among the ancient coral reefs of the New World.

The best coarse sand beach on the South Coast is located in the Sudak Bay. Further, to the west, among the wild rocks, pebble bays with cozy beaches open in some places, but the closer the mountains are to the water, the fewer such places.

There are still wide natural beaches in Alushta, but in Yalta they are mostly artificial. They are quite suitable for recreation, but they are not suitable for spearfishing, diving or snorkeling. All these joys can be obtained 20 km from Yalta, in the Blue Bay.

The shores from Castel to Fiolent are rocky, the sea is deep here. The coast of the Western Crimea is steep, sometimes clayey (Kalamitsky Bay). Recently, visitors have appreciated the nature of Atlesh and Dzhangul on Cape Tarkhankut. These roughly broken rocks, grottoes and underwater caves pierced by the sea attract swimmers, scuba divers, and spearfishers.

In Crimea, there are about 50 salt lakes - estuaries, of which 26 are recognized as curative. Fat black silt accumulates at the bottom of them - peloid, or therapeutic mud. At balneological resorts, it is used to treat patients. One of the most famous such resorts is Lake Saki (it is located near the town of Saki, 20 km from Evpatoria), on the banks of which there are several sanatoriums. The first local mud bath was opened here in 1827. Lake Saki is 13 times saltier than the sea; a person can, lying on the water, read a newspaper.

Lake Sivash

VEGETABLE WORLD

There are about 2,500 species of wild higher plants on the Crimean peninsula (of which 240 are endemic, that is, growing only here), and about 30,000 species can be found in the botanical gardens and parks of Crimea.

In the mountains grows juniper, hazel, dogwood, oak, hornbeam, alder, ash, wild rose, hold the tree, wild apple and pear, cherry plum.

Dogwood in bloom. In the wild, this beautiful plant is found in the mountains and along the banks of rivers.

On the southern slope of the Main Ridge, above 600 m, a beech-hornbeam forest begins. Above Big Yalta, at an altitude of 400 to 700 m, there is a pine forest, the Crimean beech grows higher. In Crimean pines, the bark is thicker than in ordinary ones, the needles are longer, and the cones are larger. And the resin is formed twice as much. Therefore, the most healing, most saturated with phytoncides air is above Yalta.

Magnolia flowers - one of the symbols of a subtropical paradise

The farther east from Alushta, the poorer nature becomes: many subtropical plants simply disappear. Along the road to Sudak grow, in addition to the usual oaks and hornbeams, poplars, pistachios (wild, with inedible fruits), skumpii, hawthorn and wild rose, wild apple and pear trees, blackthorn and hold-a tree with thorns, similar to fishhooks.

ANIMAL WORLD

Vulture chick. Crimea is one of the few regions of Europe where these rare birds have been preserved.

But karakurt pose a danger to people. Small and inconspicuous, they are very poisonous. They live mainly in the steppe part of the peninsula, so it is better not to walk barefoot on the grass on the western and eastern coasts.

The Crimean gecko can sometimes be found on the South Shore

MARINE FLORA AND FAUNA

270 species of red, green and brown algae grow in the Black and Azov Seas. Near the Crimean shores, phyllophora and cystoseira are the most abundant.

Two types of jellyfish are found in the water column - a safe flat Aurelia and a bluish cornerot, burning like a nettle.

Three types of dolphins live in the Black Sea: fatsena (porpoise), common dolphin and bottlenose dolphin. It is bottlenose dolphins that are usually shown in dolphinariums.

The bottlenose dolphin is one of three species of dolphins found off the coast of the peninsula

geographyinterestingclimatecrimeacognitivenatureRussia

Among the people, Crimea is called "the world in miniature". And it is quite justified, because the nature of the Crimea is so diverse and unique. Only on can encounter a combination of flat mountain peaks, to see yayla with chilly and incredibly humid air. And just a couple of kilometers away, the warm Black Sea coasts with their pebble and sandy beaches are located.

Briefly about the main

A natural museum is often referred to as local nature. There are very few places on our planet where various cozy and magnificent landscapes would be so extraordinary combined. In many moments, the features of the nature of Crimea are predetermined by the specifics of the geographical location of the peninsula, its geological structure, climate and topography.

The flora of the republic is especially interesting and rich. Only higher wild plants account for more than 65% of the total number of all plantations in the European part of the countries that are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. But at the same time, about a thousand species of plants from foreign regions are cultivated here. Almost all the vegetation of the Crimea grows in its mountainous south side. And this is truly a museum wealth of the plant world.

Climate

The beautiful nature of Crimea is not all that this peninsula can boast of. Its pleasant climate also pleases local residents and tourists. Most of the territory is dominated by a climate characteristic of the temperate zone: in the flat part it is steppe and mild, and in the mountains it is more humid, just the same as can be found in broad-leaved forests. A South coast Crimea is the sub-Mediterranean nature of shrubs and dry forests.

The peculiarities of the Crimean nature are such that the island is provided with a huge amount of heat not only in summer, but also in winter. But still, the republic receives its greatest degree in the first summer month. Spring here is a little cooler than autumn. The latter is considered the most best season in a year. This season is dominated by quiet, moderately sunny and warm weather. But there are sharp pressure drops during the day, which negatively affects people's health.

Crimean rivers

The nature of Crimea is replete with the presence of rivers, of which there are 1657 pieces. This figure also includes temporary streams. The total length of both of them is almost six thousand kilometers. 150 rivers are considered dwarf rivers, since their length often does not reach even ten kilometers. The longest is It stretches for more than 200 kilometers. All arteries of the peninsula are divided into three groups: rivers belonging to the northwestern slopes Crimean mountains, rivers related to south coast, and reservoirs of northern mountain slopes. This classification is based on the direction of surface water runoff.

Animals and animals

The small parameters of the peninsula and its remoteness from the mainland determined to some extent the poor fauna. This fact is manifested not so much in the small number of species as in the small number of individuals of each of them.

The nature of Crimea makes it possible for Crimean red deer, wild boars, badgers, fallow deer to live in the forests of its mountainous part. Also, roe deer and foxes are found here. Among the birds, one can distinguish owls, woodpeckers, jays and thrushes. Black-headed vultures, woodcocks and griffon vultures are not uncommon, but, unfortunately, there are only 20-30 individuals left, no more.

Various rodents are found in the local steppes. Among them you can see voles, hamsters, jerboas and ground squirrels. All of them serve as food for foxes, weasels and ferrets. Worms, mollusks and various beetles live in underground cavities. Well, in caves, rock cracks and often on the roofs of residential buildings, some species of bats nest.

Maiden Lake

Crimea should be placed in a separate category. After all, this is truly unique objects deserving honor and praise. One of these attractions is Maiden Lake, located on the Mangup plateau. This is an unusually beautiful pond of artificial origin. It is located in a gorge formed between the mountains of Chishma-Boir and Baba-Dag. So interesting name The reservoir raises many questions, but no one knows where it came from.

The lake was created in 1983-1984, and it blended so harmoniously into the mountain-forest complex that now it is simply impossible to imagine this bewitching landscape without its presence. Today, this area is incredibly popular among vacationers. A few centuries ago, there was a medieval settlement and a basilica.

And some more amazing things

The nature of the Crimean peninsula has created many wonderful and secluded places on its territory. For example, Monkey Bay or Love Bay is a perfect proof of this statement. It is located between the village of Malorechensky and Rybachy. Due to its secluded location, the attraction was given the name Bay of Love. By the way, it is part of the crater of an ancient extinct volcano.

And here's another incredible natural monument- a peninsula on a peninsula - He took his place of honor on east coast Crimea. And if it's standing on the street Nice weather, then it can be seen from Yalta itself, which is separated from Sudak, where the cape actually “settled down”, as much as 130 kilometers. Translated from Greek, Meganom means "a huge house." Is this really worth checking out? own experience visiting this wonderful and majestic cape.

Nature must be protected

The nature of Crimea is an unsurpassed creation of the Universe. Some stand out among their brethren with characteristic unique features, and therefore are of extraordinary interest to humans. And he, as you know, is the most predatory creature on the planet. Therefore, often such sights become objects of religious rites, witnesses of important historical incidents. That is why they need to be protected, cherished and cherished.

The nature protection of the Crimea has not been of much concern to government officials lately. More and more worries about this are shifted onto the shoulders of volunteers and simply not indifferent citizens. But it is still very difficult to protect forests from deforestation, and water bodies from runoff that enter here as a result of the work of various industrial plants.

It is necessary to protect the Crimean values as if it were the last treasure on Earth. And when it is gone, something like Armageddon will come. And it’s true, because the nature of the peninsula is unique and unique, like life, like eternity, like the most romantic moment…