Important information about the message of Greece. Creativity "Olympic rings"

Greece is a country that many rightly call the cradle of modern civilization. ancient heritage Ancient Greece had a huge impact on the development of the culture of many peoples, and it is not for nothing that it is considered the property of all mankind. However, even today Greece is extremely interesting place, and it is not without reason that it is so popular with tourists.

1. It was Greece that laid the foundation for modern Western civilization. Conditionally dividing the mainland into two parts of the world - Europe and Asia - was also invented by the Greeks.
2. Greek is one of the oldest languages ​​in existence today (it has been spoken for over 4,000 years and written for over 3,000 years). Greek origin is most of scientific terms.
3. Greece is the birthplace of Western philosophy, literature, mathematics, theatre, history and political science.
4. Greece has the oldest sports traditions among all the countries of the world and is the ancestor of the Olympic Games.
5. The world's first democratic system of government was formed in the Athenian polis around 500 BC.
6. Greece is the country of the sun, more than 250 days a year there is clear weather. This circumstance makes it possible to widely use solar panels, just like in United Arab Emirates(cm. ).
7. Distance from anywhere in Greece to sea ​​coast does not exceed 137 kilometers.
8. Greece occupies last place among EU countries by the number of divorces.
9. Not only Brazil, but also Greece is a country of carnivals. These festivals are held every year from January to March.
10. Greece owns more than 2 thousand islands, but people live on only 170 of them.
11. Greece has the most archaeological museums in the world. In Cyprus, however, there are not much fewer of them (see).
12. Greek nature- the most diverse among the countries of Europe.
13. Most popular tourist place in Greece - the island of Rhodes, where one of the seven wonders of the world, the Colossus of Rhodes, once stood. It is thanks to this giant that the word "colossal" appeared.
14. Herodotus, the world's first historian, who lived in 484-425 BC, is a man-symbol of all Greece.
15. During each Olympic Games, the ancient Greeks sacrificed a hundred bulls to Zeus.
16. The Greek currency, the drachma, lasted 2,650 years until it was replaced by the euro in 2002 (see).
17. The saying "Take the bull by the horns" is of Greek origin - in one of the myths, Hercules defeats a rabid Cretan bull in this way.
18. In Greece, it is customary to celebrate not your birthday, but the "name day" of the saint, whose name the Greek bears.
19. In Greece, it is considered offensive if a person shows an open hand with outstretched fingers. Therefore, the Greeks wave their clenched fists at each other.
20. According to the ancient Greek myth, God sifted the earth through a sieve during the creation of the world, and so many countries with fertile soil appeared. Then he threw out the remaining stones in the sieve, and Greece arose.
21. Greece receives 16.5 million tourists every year, while the population of the country is only about 11 million people.
22. All residents of Greece over the age of 18 are required to vote.
23. In the early 2000s, the Greek government banned gambling and computer games by law, but the ban had to be lifted because it was considered a violation of human rights.
24. Every school day for Greek schoolchildren begins with a prayer.
25. Textbooks used by children are burned at the end of the school year - it is not customary to use such books again in Greece.
26. The Greeks express disagreement by moving their heads from bottom to top.
27. The inhabitants of Greece eat more cheese than anyone else on Earth - about 2 kilograms per month. The most popular variety, of course, national pride is feta cheese.
28. Greece is one of the three largest olive producers in the world. There are about a hundred varieties of these fruits.
29. Greece also has a siesta - as a rule, it lasts two hours, from 14:00 to 16:00. Most shops are closed at this time, as their owners and staff are simply asleep.

Modern Greece - geography, flag, language

What can you find out

Greece is 80% covered with mountains, because of this, the rivers in Greece are small, often drying up in summer. We examine the map - by the way, the ancient Greeks were the first cartographers! - and we understand what is indicated there in brown, what is blue, what is yellow. Having figured it out, we take contour maps and reproduce the relief of Greece. While painting, children almost by touch are aware of the torn coastline, many small islands. We find on the map the island of Rhodes and Crete, Athens and Olympus.
We look at the flag, discuss what the colors can mean. Children learn to justify their opinion. It is important not to forget here that there are many options for meaning - the sea, the sky, purity, and devotion - the main thing is to correctly explain why.

Speaking about the language, it is important to emphasize how many words came to us from Greek. Children try to read in Greek, guess the meanings of words and learn. And, of course, they learn the simplest Greek words - how to say hello, say goodbye, thank or ask.

What can be seen

A search on the rutracker and other Internet resources gives a huge amount documentaries about Greece. If you have time - you can see at least everything. We make films in free moments and in creative moments - you can watch, you can not watch, the main thing is to pay attention to key moments.
"Under the sky of Europe. Greece" shows an interesting action - the restoration of the Parthenon, beautiful views Acropolis and Meteor and Interesting Facts, for example, about islands and whitewashing.

What can be created

When learning a language, it is interesting to make bracelets with your own names. We made them from fimo, which takes 10 minutes to bake in the microwave, but at home, of course, you can experiment.

Mythology - gods and heroes

What can you find out

We discuss what a myth is, how myths and reality are intertwined. It is difficult for children to grasp how such complex, intertwined and branching, detailed stories about the gods can be fiction. therefore, this must be constantly reminded in the process of discussing the gods.
Mythology is a topic where you can turn around. If you have time in myths, you can dig for a long, long time, analyzing in detail all sorts of interesting details. We discussed the Olympian gods - who was responsible for what, what attributes they possessed and why, and how they differed from others.

From the myths for a detailed study, we chose the myth of Prometheus and Pandora - bright events that are often mentioned in speech.

New words and names

Names of gods and heroes, myth, attribute, sickle, pincers, diadem, nectar, ambrosia

What can you play

The first game - to understand what the children already know and what they don't - is a guessing game. Combine the picture of God with the name. The picture is then convenient to talk about God.
We play gods. A bunch of all sorts of attributes are given, a god is given to the child, he must choose the appropriate things and behave accordingly. If his role cannot be guessed, you have to give hints, telling about the details.

Hephaestus	Hera

A good game for a walk - we play Odyssey. Along the way, talking about the fate of Odysseus, we play related games. Blind Man's Blinds is Odysseus and the team run away from the Cyclops, to whom Odysseus gouged out his eye. A game of accuracy - the giants fire at Odysseus' ships (with balls, not stones, of course). A game of accuracy - imitating Odysseus, who fell into the handle from an ax, children throw balls or darts at the target.

What can be seen

A series of Soviet cartoons about gods is very good - Prometheus (1974), Return from Olympus (1969), Argonauts (1971), Perseus (1973), Hercules at Admet (1986). To get acquainted with the myths, in no case should you watch Disney's Hercules - there is a lot of nonsense, the child will get confused. It is better to watch this full-length film when there is already knowledge about myths, and check if there are a lot of errors.

Older children can already be shown Andrei Konchalovsky's Odyssey. The film is bright and impressive, however, without musi-pusi, war is war, battle is battle, Hades is so Hades. But my son, for example, watched this film around the age of 7-8 and adored it with a deep love, reviewing it several times. However, if you are not sure about the strength of the child’s psyche, it’s better to first assess for yourself how scary everything is.

What can be created

There are a million options with gods and myths, we chose to make a cartoon based on the myth of Pandora. To shoot this type of cartoon, we set the camera on a tripod and shot frame by frame, and then edited it in Movie Maker.

Polis and ceramics

What can you find out

What is a city-state, what was the difference between the state structure in Athens and Sparta. Horrors about Sparta and upbringing always cause great delight in children, Athens, in turn, provides an opportunity to talk about democracy and ostracism. The detail of the narrative, as usual, depends on the children.
We did not go into ceramics much, the goal was for children to recognize the meander and know what an amphora means. More information about the ceramics of Ancient Greece can be found, for example,.

New words and names

Areopagus, archon, agora, brevity, amphora, meander

What can you play

Speaking of policies, it was important to understand what separated them and what united them. We played two games. The first was about barter - one resource was given, the task was to get the second resource. Direct exchange was impossible, it was necessary to change through one. The second game was about creating an alliance - the children had cards with the resources they had, it was necessary to unite, decide who is responsible for what, come up with a name, emblem and flag of the union.
On the walk we play various games for dexterity, speed, speed of reaction. For example, a good game - children stand in a row, each has its own serial number, leading a few steps from the row, holding a small (about a meter) stick perpendicular to the ground. Calling the serial number, the leader runs off to the side, releasing the stick, and the one whose number was named must have time to catch the stick before it touches the ground.

What can be created

The concept of "meander" - Greek ornament - is well remembered when coloring ready-made templates. Children are given drawings with an amphora, the background around the amphora is painted with watercolors of different colors, and then a variety of ornaments are drawn with pencils on top - meanders, palmettes, geometric patterns.

Great Greeks and Education

What can you find out

What was taught to children in Athens and what was taught in Sparta. How and with what they wrote and who knew how to write. Who are Herodotus and Hippocrates, Socrates and Archimedes. A very good presentation on the topic of education in ancient Greece is in the depths of the Internet.

New words and names

Gymnasium, lyceum, teacher, style, leverage, eureka, Hippocratic oath.

What can you play

We tied (somewhat violently, but there is a connection!) Gerald Durrell to Greece and arranged a botanical-entomological game during the walk. The children were given drawings of plants, they had to find the original plants in the park and bring samples. We then signed the leaves and flowers and put them to dry between sheets of paper.

What can be seen

A wonderful cartoon about Archimedes, Kolya and Olya. There and about eureka, and about the lever, and about the screw, and generally informative.

Since we already tied Darrell to Greece, then, of course, we watched "My Family and Other Animals" - in the form of a series. As many as three episodes in "quiet time". But I generally love Darrell very, interestingly comprehensively.

What can be created

Speaking about education, we depicted the way of writing of the ancient Greeks. A thin layer of plasticine was smeared on thin cardboard and they wrote on it with a semblance of style - wooden skewers. They wrote not just anyhow, but the statements of the great Greeks - for example, "Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth" or "Do no harm!", Remembering between times who said it and why.
The inventions of Archimedes make it possible to make a wonderful toy - the simplest catapult. If there is a lot of time, you can make the option more difficult. After the catapult is ready, you can shoot any soft projectiles, competing who will shoot more accurately or farther.
When discussing the clothing of the ancient Greeks, a great craft option is Greek sandals. You can, of course, just decorate existing flip flops, or you can buy leather scraps and ribbons and make real Greek sandals.

Wonders of the world, Greece in the kitchen, in music and in sports

What can you find out

Interesting, tasty, fun, creative knowledge of Greece to you!

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Greece is of interest to almost any person. Someone is interested in the history of Ancient Hellas, someone aspires to this country, considering it the cradle of Orthodoxy, and some tourists, and they seem to be the majority, just want to relax in the beautiful Greek beach resorts. More than 15 million tourists visit Greece annually from different countries peace.

In the 5th century BC, Greece was the center of the ecumene, the undisputed leader in art, architecture, science, mathematics, philosophy, theater and literature. Now Greece is famous for its amazing landscape, natural beauty, numerous historical monuments, as well as beautiful beach resorts.

Greece is located in southeastern Europe. In the east and northeast, Greece borders on Turkey, in the north - on Bulgaria, Macedonia and Albania, in the south it is washed by warm waters. mediterranean sea, in the west - the Ionian, and in the east - the Aegean Sea.

The total area of ​​Greece is almost 132 thousand square kilometers, including the islands (about 20% of the territory of Greece are islands), and the total length state border– 1,228 km.

A significant part of the territory of Greece is occupied by mountains. And the highest of them - famous mountain Olympus in Thessaly (2917 m).

There are about 3,053 islands in Greece. The biggest Greek islands- Crete in the Mediterranean and Euboea in the Aegean.

The capital of Greece ancient city Athens, which is now home to more than 5 million people. This city was founded about 3,500 years ago.

The official language of Greece is Greek, which is a branch of the Indo-European languages. The first archaeological evidence for the existence of the Greek language dates back to the 15th century BC.

About 97% of the Greek population consider themselves Orthodox Christians belonging to the Greek Catholic Church. According to a Eurostat poll, 81% of Greeks believe that "God exists".

Greece is a parliamentary republic in which the head of state is the President (he is elected by the Parliament). The current Greek Constitution was adopted relatively long ago, in 1975.

Legislative power in this country belongs to the unicameral Parliament (300 deputies).

The main political parties are the liberal New Democracy, the leftist Panhellenic Social Movement, the Coalition of the Radical Left, the People's Orthodox Appeal, and the Communist Party of Greece.

IN coastal areas Greece (Athens, Cyclades, Dodecanese, Crete, Peloponnese and part of Central Hellas), dominated by mediterranean climate(winter is mild and wet, and summer is dry and hot).

IN mountainous areas northwestern Greece (some parts of Epirus, Central Greece, Thessaly and Western Macedonia), as well as in the mountainous part of the Peloponnese, including Achaia, Arcadia and Laconia, the climate is alpine with heavy snowfalls.

In the inner part central Greece, in Central Macedonia, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace the climate is temperate.

In July average temperature air in Athens is +28.7C, on the island of Corfu - +27.8C, and on the island of Rhodes - 26.8C.

Greece is washed by the waters of the Ionian (in the west), the Mediterranean (in the south) and the Aegean (in the east) seas. General coastline is about 17,000 km. About 85% of the population of all of Greece lives in coastal areas (up to 50 km from the coast).

Sea water in Greece amazes and surprises all tourists. Its deep blue color is due, in part, to the reflection of the blue sky and the fact that it does not a large number solids (eg plankton, dirt and dust).

There are about 450 species of fish and 12 species of cetaceans in the Greek seas.

There are about 3,053 islands in Greece. The largest of these are Crete in the Ionian Sea, Euboea in the Aegean Sea, and Corfu in the Ionian Sea.

Average sea temperature in Greece:

January - +15C
- February - +14C
- March - +14C
- April - +15С
- May - +18C
- June - +22C
- July - +24C
- August - +25C
- September - +23C
- October - +21С
- November - +19С
- December - +16С

The average water temperature near Crete in May is +19C, in August - +25C, and in October - +23C.

Despite the fact that a significant part of the territory of Greece is occupied by mountains, this country also has many rivers. In ancient times, the Greeks believed that the rivers belonged to the world of the gods, and worshiped them as separate deities.

Most big rivers in Greece, Alyakmon (297 km), Acheloos (217 km), and Mesta (230 km).

Perhaps tourists will be interested in Greek lakes, among which we single out Trichonis, Volvi, and Vegoritis.

Greece marked the beginning of European civilization. The Greek city-states of Athens, Corinth, and Sparta joined forces only when threatened by Persian invasion.

In the 5th century BC. Athens was the political, economic, and, of course, the cultural center of the Mediterranean. Then Sparta, led by Alexander the Great, gained a dominant role over the Greek lands. At this time, the Greeks defeated the Persians and extended their influence over vast territories, up to India.

In 146 BC. Greece was conquered by the Roman Empire. In 395 AD, after the collapse of the Roman Empire, Byzantium was formed ( official name- Eastern Roman Empire), whose capital was Constantinople (modern Istanbul).

In 1453, the Byzantine Empire was liquidated, and the territory modern Greece came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. For the next 350 years, Greece was part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire.

As a result liberation war 1821-1829 Greece finally gained independence. In 1833, Otto of Bavaria became king of Greece. The monarchy in Greece (since 1863 the Danish royal family ruled the Greeks) lasted until 1973.

After World War II, Greece plunged into civil war until the right-wing monarchists won in 1954. From 1967 to 1974, Greece was ruled by the so-called. "black colonels".

In 1981, after years of consultation, Greece became a member of the EU.

Greek culture begins with Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations(this is 2000 B.C.). After that, there was a period in the history of Greece, which historians call classical. At this time, Greek culture was formed, which began to influence neighboring peoples. In general, Greece is the birthplace of mankind, and one way or another, Greek culture has influenced a huge number of countries. Successors Greek culture is Ancient Rome and the Byzantine Empire.

In the Middle Ages on the culture of Greece big influence provided by the Ottoman Empire. But this is understandable, because. For about 350 years, Greece was just one of the provinces of the Ottoman Empire.

It was in ancient Greece that science was born. Modern philosophy, mathematics and astronomy are based on the knowledge gained by the ancient Greeks.

The most famous ancient Greek philosophers are Aristotle, Plato, Diogenes, Crates of Athens, Diogenes and Socrates.

The most famous ancient Greek mathematicians are Archimedes, Pythagoras, Democritus and Euclid.

The Greeks are very superstitious, they believe not only in God, but also in supernatural powers. Until now, the Greeks take the myths of ancient Greece seriously. Moreover, in every region of Greece, in every village, on every island, there are their own superstitions and traditions.

The Greeks will never personally hand over a knife to a person who asks them to, but simply put it, for example, on the table. It is believed that if you give someone a knife, then this person will have to fight.

The most popular Greek folk (and very often religious) holidays are Theophany, Gynecocracy, Tsiknopempti (Meat Thursday), Maundy Monday, Annunciation, Good Friday, Easter, Pontic Genocide Remembrance Day, Trinity, Polytechnic and Christmas.

If two Greeks say the same words at the same time, they will definitely touch some red object, otherwise, it is believed that they will fight and become enemies. Where this superstition came from - history is silent.

We definitely advise tourists in Greece to visit local restaurants and enjoy Greek cuisine th. The variety of dishes, as well as their taste, make Greek cuisine unique. A characteristic feature of Greek cuisine is the use of olive oil in absolutely every dish.

Also, the Greeks usually use a lot of vegetables and spices when cooking. However, the spices are quite mild, and there is no need to be afraid of strong spiciness.

We all know "Greek salad" and moussaka. However, these dishes are only a prelude to real Greek cuisine. Each region of Greece, each island has its own dishes and methods of their preparation. Therefore, the taste of moussaka on the island of Corfu will not be the same as that of moussaka on the Dedecanes Islands.

We definitely advise tourists in Greece to try Fasolada bean soup, shrimp fried in butter, souvlaki (shish kebabs on wooden sticks), Greek fish fillet, flatbread with meat, potatoes and tomato "gyro", "fritta" from vegetables with tzazyki sauce, as well as kakavia fish soup.

The ancient Greeks considered wine to be the drink of the gods, and in modern Greece this alcoholic drink is very popular. True, the ancient Greeks diluted wine with spring water, and modern Greeks for some reason forgot this, in general, very useful tradition.

The most famous Greek spirits are tsipouro (also called tsikudya or crayfish), 38-47% alcohol, ouzo (anise vodka, 40% alcohol), and Metaxa brandy.

Greece ranks 1st in the world in terms of the number of attractions (in second and third places are Italy and Bulgaria, respectively). Therefore, we will highlight, in our opinion, the ten best attractions in Greece, although in fact there are many more.

Top 10 best attractions in Greece:

Acropolis in Athens

Agora in Athens

Archaeological National Museum(Athens)

Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion

Mount Athos

Ruined city of Mystras in Sparta

Theater at Delphi (4th century BC)

Monasteries of Meteora in the mountains of Thessaly

The ancient city of Mycenae in the Peloponnese

Mount Lycabettus in Athens

The biggest Greek cities– Athens, Piraeus, Patras, Thessaloniki, and Heraklion.

The coastline in Greece is 13,676 kilometers, which means that there is a huge amount of beautiful beaches with crystal clean water which are surrounded by rocks with pines and palm trees.

Most Popular beach resorts in Greece - Athens, Santorini, Mykonos, Corfu, Rhodes, island of Kos, Chania and Halkidiki.

Greek shoes (in particular, handmade sandals);
- Gold jewelry;
- Folk talismans that "drive away the evil eye";
- Bouzouki (baglama) - a small stringed musical instrument;
- CDs with Greek folk music;
- Olives, olive oil;
- Greek cheese;
- Kitchen utensils;
- Alcoholic drinks - ouzo, tsipuro (tsikudya or raki) and Metaxa brandy.

Greece is an agrarian-industrial unitary state, located in the southern region Balkan Peninsula, as well as on the adjacent islands of the Mediterranean, Aegean, Thracian and Ionian seas.

The area is 131.8 thousand km².

Capital, financial and shopping mall states - Athens.

Administrative division - 13 regions, which are divided into 52 regions (nom).

The population is 11.6 million people, of which more than 92% are Greeks.

Religion - Orthodoxy.

State, official language- Greek.

Self-name - Hellas.

Currency - Euro.

Greece map

Climate

Greece has a subtropical, mild climate:

• winter is wet and warm. Humidity reaches 75%, the coldest weather is observed in January +4/+12C;
• summer is dry and hot. The average humidity level is 55%, the temperature in the middle of summer (July) is +27C, in August it often rises slightly above 40;
• rainy season - from the second decade of October to mid-February.

Flora and fauna

Flora

Real forests on the territory of the state are quite rare, they occupy about 12% of the land. Forests of beech, oak, chestnut and hornbeam grow only on the hard-to-reach slopes of Mount Olympus, Pindus and the Rhodope Mountains. The prevailing type of vegetation is maquis - very dense and high thickets of xerophytic shrubs. This type includes - myrtle, strawberry tree, cistus, wild pistachio and olive, tree heather, juniper, rosemary.

Fauna

The fauna of Greece is not diverse due to the systematic destruction of natural habitats by humans (deforestation, conversion of land to agriculture), and the uncontrolled extermination of animals also made itself felt, for example, the red deer is extremely rare.

Mostly small animals are common - hares and rabbits. The forests of Pinda are inhabited by wolves, mountain goats and brown bears.

From predators there are: jackal, wild cat, fox, stone marten, badger, wild boar, lynx.

From ungulates you can see: fallow deer, wild Cretan goat or roe deer.

Religion

In Greece, the majority of the population (about 97%) professes Orthodox Christianity, which is also the official state religion, which is enshrined at the legislative level - spelled out in the constitution.

Followers of other faiths - Muslims, Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Jehovah's Witnesses - mostly come from other countries.

Policy

The form of government is a parliamentary republic.

The political regime is a democracy.

The head of government is the prime minister, who is subordinate to parliament.

The head of state is elected by the parliament, the president. Re-election takes place every 5 years. The incumbent president also has the right to participate in elections and, by decision of the majority, remain in power for another 5-year term.

Parliament - one chamber, consisting of 300 parliamentarians (deputies). Deputies are elected by the people for a term of 4 years.

Economy of Greece

Industry and agriculture

• The Athens region is a rapidly developing industrial region, a significant part of production capacity states. According to the latest data, almost half of all enterprises related to the manufacturing, food and light industries are located here, which employ about 9% of the working population.
• The island of Naxos is the world's largest deposits of emery.
• The islands of Nisyros and Thira are pumice mining.
• The peninsula of Attica (near the city of Lavrion) - mining of lead and silver.
• Alexandroupolis in Thrace, as well as the east of the Peloponnese - the development of deposits with sulfide complex ores.
• Central Greece (near the mountains of Gjon and Parnassus) - bauxite mining.
• Ptolemais and Megalopolis - development of lignite deposits (low quality brown coal used in energy).
• Macedonia and parts of the Peloponnese are agricultural areas. Due to the lack of fodder base, animal husbandry is poorly developed. The basis of the agro-industry is agriculture. Agricultural enterprises grow crops that go both to the domestic market and for export - olives, citrus fruits, tobacco, cotton, grapes.

Tourism

Tourism already today brings huge profits to the state, about 15% of gross income. And this is not the limit - every year the authorities invest huge amounts of money in the development of tourism - new hotels are being built, conditions in already functioning hotels are improving, numerous entertainment establishments are being built. Naturally, with this approach travel business is developing very rapidly, every year more than 18 million people come to Greece for holidays.

In addition to the traditional beach tourism other types of recreation are also widely represented:

• medical;
• nautical;
• ecotourism;
• social;
• sports;
• agritourism;
• mountain;
• winter;
• alternative.

Everything is aimed at ensuring that the country receives guests all year round, there is no outflow of tourists and, accordingly, seasonal declines in income.

Brief information about Greece

A selection of material on familiarizing older children with the outside world on the topic "Journey to Greece"

Goals:

Introduce children to Greece geographical position, culture, history, mythology, Olympic Games).
Improve your visual skills and abilities.
Develop curiosity, fine and gross motor skills.

Equipment:

World map.
Pictures: flag of Greece, olive and olives, Mount Olympus, Zeus, Greek theater, mythical creatures.
Coloring pages "Greeks", "Olympic rings".
Glasses of water, jam, spoons.
Cardboard, plasticine, sticks.
Shell painted on one side with black paint.
Masks.
Cut into clean silhouette images of a jug, glue, sheets of paper.
Scissors, blanks for cutting a torch, a stapler, red napkins.
Balls.
Audio recordings: A. Usachev "Greece", "Sirtaki", the anthem of the Olympic Games.

Stroke:

Today we will go on a trip to Ancient Greece.

Exists in our land ancient country, a country where everything resembles a fairy tale, legend, myth. This is the country of Greece, the land of dark rocks, blue seas, whitewashed houses, ancient ruins, ruins of ancient churches. Most main city Greece - Athens.
As in every country, Greece has its own flag (show the country of Greece and the flag on the map).

In ancient Greece, both men and women wore chitons. This garment consists of two square pieces of fabric, fastened with clasps at the shoulders and tied with a belt at the waist.

Color the chitons

Children color the drawing of the chiton with colored pencils.

Greece is a hospitable country. Every year it is visited by millions of tourists. Tourists like beautiful nature, sun-drenched beaches and rich story Greece.

Listening to the excerpt "Greece" by A. Usachev from the series "Entertaining Geography".

How do the Greeks greet guests and each other?
Kalimera - good afternoon (morning) until 12 noon.
Kalispera - good afternoon (evening) after 12 o'clock.
How would you greet now, at this time of day?
Yasas - hello (in the full sense of the word).

Make a jam drink

According to the Greek tradition, the guest is first served with a little jam on a saucer and a glass. cold water. And only then are they treated to coffee and cakes.

(Children are invited to add jam to the water, stir and try).

It is not at all surprising that in such hospitable country many holidays.
Except tasty food, there are many dances on holidays. According to tradition, the Greeks dance, standing in a circle and holding hands.

Dance "Sirtaki"

Children dance in a circle, holding hands as shown by an adult.

In ancient Greece, only boys went to school. Girls sometimes learned to write and read at home. At school the boys learned to play musical instruments, read, count and write. They wrote with sharp sticks on wooden boards coated with wax.

Creation

A piece of cardboard is covered with a layer of plasticine, and then with a stick to scratch a picture or letters.

Let's play those games that children in Greece play before and now.

The Greek game Ostrakinda is an analogue of the modern game Heads or Tails. They took a shell, painted it with black paint on one side - it was “night”. The unpainted side was "Day". The children were divided into two teams - "Day" and "Night". Then the shell was tossed, and the team whose color fell out would chase the other team.

Game "Morra"

One of the players hid his hands behind his back, and the second had to guess how many fingers the first player shows behind his back. The one who guessed the most times won.

In ancient Greece, tragedies and comedies were staged in the theater. All roles, even women's, were performed by men. The actors were wearing masks. The Greeks watched performances in huge theaters under open sky. The benches for the spectators were raised in rows along the slope of the hill, and the stage was at the bottom.

Dramatization "Put on a mask and portray your character"

Children put on masks and complement their image with gestures, movements, sounds.

The poor soils of Greece were suitable only for grazing livestock and not at all suitable for growing grain. But on generously lit by the sun mountain slopes grapes and olives ripened well. Olives are very popular. The Greeks even issued a law commanding the execution of anyone who cut down an olive tree. Under the hot sun, the Greeks received large harvests of grapes. The collected fruits were served at the table or made wine from them, pouring grapes into huge wooden vats and crushing them with their feet.
On ships - triaras, the Greeks carried wine, olive oil, and grain for sale. These goods were transported in large vessels - amphorae. (Show).

The Greeks were skilled potters. They painted various ceramic vessels - vases, jugs, bowls, pots. These paintings, like pictures in books, can tell a lot about the life of the ancient Greeks.

The game "Glue the broken jug"

From paper puzzle pieces, children assemble and then stick a jug on a blank sheet of paper.

The ancient Greeks took care of their health. They attended gyms and went in for sports. Greek doctors often used medicinal plants to treat the sick. Hippocrates, who is called the father of medicine, was a famous ancient Greek physician. He came up with an oath, which doctors pronounce even today, pledging to help all the sick.

The birthplace of the Olympic Games is Ancient Greece, namely the sanctuary of Olympia, revered by the ancient Greeks, located in the western part of the Peloponnesian Peninsula. The fire of modern games is still lit here.

Manual labor "Torch with Olympic flame"

Children cut out a blank from which they roll a "bundle" - a torch. Then they take a red napkin, crumple it and put it into the “torch” - “light the fire”.

The Olympic Games were the oldest and most important competitions. The games went on for five days. On the first day, competitions were held in all types of running, on the second - in pentathlon, and on the third - in wrestling, fisticuffs. It was forbidden to scratch out the opponent's eyes and bite. Opponents just fought and fought - without division into weight categories, without rounds. For violation of the rules, the judge beat the violator with a stick.

The fourth day was completely given to the children. Running distances for them were two times shorter than for adults. On the fifth day, chariot races drawn by four horses and horse races in a circle were arranged. Athletes performed naked, completely without clothes. The winners were not awarded medals. They put a wreath of olive leaves on their heads and handed them a jug of olive oil.

In the year of the games, messengers passed through Greece and its colonies, announcing the day the games began. All wars stopped for the duration of the games. Several were built in Olympia grandiose structures, sports grounds, temples.

Women could not participate in Olympic Games, they did not even appear near Olympia during the games. For them, a separate holiday was arranged - Geraya. It was held every four years in honor of the goddess Hera and consisted of a running race for girls. The winner received an olive wreath and edible supplies, in particular, meat. The winners were given wreaths of wild olives, palm branches, decorated with woolen ribbons.

The Olympics are still held today. Only now not only Greeks compete, but athletes from all over the world. These five multi-colored rings are the Olympic emblem. Intertwined rings symbolize unity in Olympic movement all five continents. Europe is blue, America is red, Africa is black, Australia is green and Asia is yellow.

Creativity "Olympic rings"

Children color the Olympic rings. And then they make a flag by attaching a painted sheet to a cocktail straw.

Greek children loved to play various games with the ball. Do you know what balls were made of in Ancient Greece? From the bladder of pigs! It was inflated, then shaped by holding it over a fire. Sometimes such balls were painted for beauty.

Relays with balls

(Held to the sound of the Olympic anthem).

1. "Throw the ball into the basket" (throwing).
2. "Pass the ball" (coordination of movements).
3. "Jump with the ball" (jumps).
4. "Run for the ball" (running).
5. "Catch, throw, fall on come on" (throw and catch).

In ancient Greece, various legends were composed about beautiful and powerful gods and goddesses, brave and wise heroes, and fantastic monsters.

Hearing the summer thunder grumbling and rumbling angrily in the thunderclouds, the ancient Greeks were afraid of these sounds and, in order to explain to themselves where they come from, what do you think they imagined? And they imagined a huge, powerful, stern, but still human-like creature, which, probably, rages there, beyond the clouds. But we know where these sounds come from. Can you tell? (Answers of children).

Seeing how every day the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, sometimes so warm and gentle, sometimes withering and cruel, they also imagined someone. Who do you think they represented instead of the sun? They imagined a humanoid being, a god, driving around the sky in a dazzlingly bright chariot (demonstration). Interfering with truth and fiction one after another, they invented and told each other amazing stories. These stories we call the Greek word "myths".

The Greeks believed that their gods and goddesses lived on top of Mount Olympus. And the mighty Zeus reigns on the bright Olympus, surrounded by other gods. Zeus was considered the ruler of the sky and the sun (offer to approach Mount Olympus). Next to Zeus, his wife Hera, also the goddess of the sky, rules in the sky. There are many other gods here.

There is neither rain nor snow on Olympus; always there is a bright, joyful summer. King Zeus sits on a high golden throne.
From Olympus, Zeus sends his gifts to people and establishes order and laws on earth. Two large vessels stand at the gates of the palace of Zeus. In one vessel are gifts of good, in the other - of evil. Zeus draws good and evil from them and sends them to people.

Fizminutka

The gods live on Olympus.
Hands up, wide legs.
Zeus is the most important among them.
We make slopes smoothly.
All there under the supervision of Zeus.
Hands down and feet together.
Stand on toes, on the heel
And finished charging.

In Greek myths, heroes have to fight amazing creatures:

The Minotaur - half bull, half man - lived in a labyrinth and devoured people.
The Sphinx is a winged creature with the head of a woman and the body of a lion. He asked passers-by a difficult riddle and, if they could not guess, he devoured them.
Gorgons - winged women with snakes instead of hair, with their eyes turned all living things into stone. Once they were beautiful women, but they upset the goddess Athena, who turned them into terrible monsters.
Centaurs are half-horse people living in the forest and mountains. Some centaurs helped the heroes, others were hostile.
Cerberus - a three-headed dog with a snake tail - guarded the entrance to the underworld. He did not bite those who entered there. His task was to ensure that no one came back.
Pegasus - a winged horse - he helped the heroes.

"The sixth feat of Hercules: the Augean stables"

The insidious king came up with tasks for Hercules such as to destroy him. But it turned out the opposite. With each feat, the glory of the hero and people's love for him grew. After all, each victory saved people from any of the misfortunes that made life difficult and dangerous. And Eurystheus came up with a task for Hercules, the fulfillment of which was supposed to disgrace the hero.

King Avgiy had innumerable flocks, which he kept in a huge pen. There were three hundred stubborn horses, white as snow, two hundred red as purple, twelve white as swans. And one bull, the most beautiful, shone like a star. Only every year it became more and more difficult to figure out which bull was which color. The fact is that he never removed manure from the barnyard! And all the beautiful animals seemed to be of the same color - dirty ...

Eurystheus ordered the hero to clear the Augean stables. Hercules came to Augeus and said:
- I'll clean everything in a day. But for this you must give me a tenth of the cattle.
Augeas laughed and agreed. He knew that in his stable and barnyard it would not be possible to manage even in a year.

And Hercules hacked with his club from two opposite sides the stone fence of the corrals. Then he filled up the beds of two rivers with stones. Water rushed into the pens, carried away all the dirt in a few hours, washed the animals. Countless bulls, cows, horses appeared in all their glory! And Hercules did not even get his hands dirty with manure! He came to Avgiy and said:

I've done my job, now pay the price, oh Augeas!
And the king expelled Hercules. And he returned home with nothing.

About everything in the world:

In 1930, the film "The Rogue Song" about the kidnapping of a girl in the Caucasus mountains was released in the US. Actors Stan Laurel, Lawrence Tibbett and Oliver Hardy played local crooks in this film. Surprisingly, these actors are very similar to the characters...

Section materials

Classes for the younger group.