Vienna is the current capital of which country. Vienna, city - Austria

The city has an interesting and eventful history. Back in 15 BC. a Roman settlement arose here. The heyday of the city is associated with the XVIII century, when the first baroque buildings began to appear. The Habsburgs patronized classical music, Mozart and Beethoven came to the city, in the 19th century - Schubert and the Strauss family.

The most recognizable landmark of Vienna is the graceful and slender spire of St. Stephen's Cathedral. Built on the site of an earlier church, the cathedral is a 14th-century Gothic masterpiece with a gleaming tiled roof depicting an Austrian eagle. There are magnificent sculptures inside and outside the church, especially the altar and the pulpit are worth a look.

The Imperial Palace is located in inner city and the best way to explore the area is on foot. Even more impressive is Schönbrunn Palace, built by Leopold I. In order to properly inspect all the treasures ancient city, it will take more than one day.

Story

Vienna was originally a Celtic settlement called Vindobona, founded around 500 BC. e. and located on the site of the modern central district of the city. In 15 BC. e. the city was conquered by the XX legion "Gemina" and turned into an outpost of the Roman Empire, designed to protect the borders from the attacks of the Germanic tribes from the north. During the last period of Roman rule in Norica, Vindobona was called Fabiana. (lat. Fabiana), named after the Fabian cohort that lodged in it (cohors Fabiana). The Romans occupied Vindobona until the 5th century, after which it was burned.

Around the ruins of Vienna, dwellings begin to appear, and around 800, the church of St. Ruprecht is built - the oldest preserved church in Vienna. In 881 the city was first mentioned under the name of Venia. (Wenia). The following references date back to the 1030s. Having withstood several attacks by the Slavs and Hungarians, by the 10th century Vienna had become an important trading city.

By the middle of the XII century. Vienna becomes the residence of the Austrian Dukes of Babenberg - in 1155, Duke Henry II of the Babenberg family built a house on the Am Hof ​​square. In 1137-1147 the first church was built on the site of St. Stephen's Cathedral; the modern cathedral was built in the XIII-XV centuries. Since 1278 Vienna has been a stronghold of the Habsburg dynasty. In 1469, Emperor Frederick III obtained from Pope Paul II the establishment of a bishopric in Vienna (until 1469 Austria was spiritually subordinate to the Bishop of Passau).

In 1529 and 1683 Vienna was unsuccessfully besieged by the Turks. In 1679, a plague broke out in Vienna. The population of the city, which was 100 thousand people, decreased by a third. Since the 16th century, Vienna has become the capital of the multinational state of the Austrian Habsburgs; from the 17th century and especially in the 18th century, it became the focus of numerous court bureaucracy. Since the 18th century manufacturing industry develops in Vienna (textile and luxury goods). In the 18th - early 19th centuries, Vienna was an important center of world culture, especially music. In 1805 and 1809 Napoleon's troops entered Vienna. In 1814, the Vienna Congress was held in the city, which revised political map Europe.

In the first half of the XIX century. there was progress in the field of culture and art - the Biedermeier style arose, the founders of which were famous Viennese composers, artists and theater figures. Vienna is turning into a pan-European music center. The Biedermeier era ended with the revolution of 1848, in which the inhabitants of Vienna took an active part.

At the end of the XIX century. culture, science and education continue to flourish in Vienna. Is world famous University of Vienna and the Academy of Sciences. In 1897, representatives of the Viennese bohemia created the Secession group, which included Koloman Moser, Gustav Klimt and Otto Wagner.

By the beginning of the XX century. Vienna - The largest city in Europe with a population of over 2 million people (now - 1.67 million people). However, political events in Europe became a turning point for Vienna - with the defeat of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Vienna loses its former influence.

First World War led to the fall of the House of Habsburg and was the cause of the decline of Vienna, generated by inflation and internal political struggle between socialists and conservatives. The municipality, balancing between the interests of the masses and the capital, implemented an extensive program of building affordable housing and urban infrastructure, but could not prevent clashes between the parties. In 1928, mass civil unrest broke out in Vienna, claiming 89 lives; in 1934, the February Uprising broke out. The Austrofascist regime, which came to power in 1934, was unable to preserve the country's independence, and on the night of March 11-12, 1938, fascist German troops entered Vienna.

April 13, 1945 Vienna was liberated by the Soviet army. In July 1945, an agreement was signed on occupation zones in Austria and on the administration of Vienna. The city was divided into 4 sectors of occupation: Soviet, American, English and French; the center was allocated for joint quadripartite occupation. Soviet troops occupying the northeastern outskirts of the city left it in 1955. In the second half of the 1950s, Vienna again launched the mass construction of municipal housing, in the 1970s-1980s it significantly reconstructed the city center, avoiding the dangers of Brusselsization. The IAEA, UNIDO and many other international organizations are based in modern Vienna.

Musical capital

Music plays an extremely important role in the life of Vienna. It was exactly the same in those times when Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven lived here, and later Brahms, Mahler, Bruckner and Richard Strauss.

The best concert venues

There is not an evening in Vienna when one cannot hear a magnificent performance of a symphony, folk music, string quartet or opera. The season starts on January 1st and runs until June 30th before reopening on September 1st. Vienna Opera (Staatsoper)- a mastodon among opera houses. This is the most prestigious stage in Vienna. At the end of the XX century. The Volksoper appeared in Vienna (Volksoper). Operettas are mainly staged here. Viennese can satisfy their passion for music at a significantly lower price. viennese theater (Theater an der Wien) was built in 1801. The premiere of Beethoven's Fifth and Sixth symphonies took place in this theater. Mahler and Strauss wrote music especially for the famous Golden Hall (Musikverein's Goldene Saale) with exceptional acoustics.

Houses and graves of composers

Mozart's house in Vienna was turned into a musical center named after the great composer - Mozarthaus. On four floors there are many exhibits - old and ultra-modern. With their help, you can imagine what Mozart's life was like when he lived in an apartment on the first floor and wrote The Marriage of Figaro. (Domgasse, 5. Open: 10.00-20.00. www.mozarthausvienna.at).

Schubert's houses (Nussdorfer Strasse, 54) and Beethoven (Doblingerhauptstrasse, 92, the Eroic Symphony was written here) very modest. House "Blue Danube" (Praterstrasse 54) belonged to Strauss. Here the composer wrote waltzes and polkas, to which the whole world dances to this day.

Many famous composers are buried in Vienna. By tram you can get to the Central Cemetery (Zentralfriedhof, Simmeringer Hauptstrasse, 232-244, district 11). Brahms and members of the Strauss family are buried in this huge cemetery near Gate 2. Schubert, at his request, was buried next to Beethoven. In the center there is a Mozart memorial, the burial place of which has remained unknown.

Concert halls

Vienna State Opera. Operring, 2.
Tel.: 51444-22-50; www.wiener-staatsoper.at

Volksoper. Wahringerstrasse, 78.
Tel.: 514-44-30; www.volksoper.at

Theater an der Vienna. Link Wienzeile 6.
Tel: 58830-660; www.theater-wien.at

Musikverein. Bosendorferstrasse, 12.
Tel.: 505-81-90; www.musikverein.at

Konzerthaus. Lothringerstrasse 20.
www.konzerthaus.at

Vienna Music Festivals

January February

New Year's concert in the Golden Hall. Viennese waltzes, which unite the soul and body, are danced at 200 balls held in the city.

Early Music Festival at the Konzerthaus.

March - May

easter festival (Osterklang) takes place at the Vienna Theatre; www.theaterwien.at. Spring Festival at the Konzerthaus.

May June

Viennese international festival (Wiener Festwochen); www.festwochen.at. Every year orchestras from different countries world perform in city churches, mansions and palaces. More than 150 concerts take place during the festival.

July - September

summer music Festival (Klang-Bogen Wien) at the Vienna Theatre; www.theaterwien.at.

Festival of Musical Films on Town Hall Square (Rathausplatz Music Film Festival). Video footage of the concerts is shown on a big screen in front of the Vienna City Hall.

October November

Vienna Modern (Wien-Modern)- music of the XX century. performed at the Konzerthaus and the Musikverein.

Schubertiada (second half of November) at the Musikverein.

December

mozart festival (first three weeks of the month) in the Konzerthaus. New Year's concert. Concert classical music- the main event of New Year's Eve in Vienna. The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra performs at the Musikverein. At midnight, the bells of the cathedral ring, and then the public performance of the Blue Danube waltz begins.

All Vienna, oddly enough, consists of numbers and interesting facts based on statistics and calculations. They are the basis of the new brochure Vienna in Numbers 2018, published by MA 23 (Economics, Labor and Statistics).

The entire publication is divided into eight sections, the information of which will be of interest to you, and in some cases will look very unexpected.
Let's get to know each other - "Vein. Population"!

The total population of Vienna on 1 January 2018 was 1,888,776. In ten years, the number of inhabitants of the Austrian capital has grown by 217,555 people, or 13 percent. In 2017, the growth was 1.1 percent (21,194 people). Vienna ranks second among EU cities in terms of population growth, losing only to Munich.

Population of Vienna by citizenship. Of the total population of Vienna, Austrian citizens make up 70.4 percent, 12.7 percent are citizens of countries that are members of the European Union, and 16.9 percent are citizens of other states. In detail: 4.1 percent are citizens of Serbia, 4.2 percent are citizens of Turkey, 2.4 percent are citizens of Germany, 2.3 percent are citizens of Poland, 1.7 percent are citizens of Romania, 1.2 percent are citizens of Syria, 1.2 percent are citizens of Hungary, 1.2 percent are citizens of Croatia, 1.2 percent are citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of January 1, 2018, citizens of 181 states lived in Vienna! The smallest inhabitants of Vienna are representatives of Barbados, Lesotho, Tuvalu, Brunei and Tongo, less than five people each.

Migration of the population of Vienna. In 2017, 98,926 people moved to live in Vienna, and 82,135 people left it. Population growth in this vein amounted to 16,791 people. Most of all in 2017, the largest population growth in Vienna was observed from Syria - 22,649 people, Romania: 18,564 people, Germany - 18,323 people.

The average life expectancy of the inhabitants of Vienna. The average life expectancy for men living in Vienna was 78.3 years and for women 82.9 years.

Number of deaths and births in Vienna. In 2017, 20,576 people were born in Vienna, and 16,424 people died. The natural increase was 4172 people.

Population of Vienna by gender. 48.7% of the inhabitants of Vienna are men, slightly more women - 51.3%.

Population density in Vienna. Average density The population of Vienna is 46 people per 10,000 square meters. The highest population area in the fifth district of Margarethen is 276.6 people per 10 thousand square meters. The lowest population density in the thirteenth district of Hietzing is only 14.4 people per 10 thousand square meters.

The most popular names in Vienna among those born in 2017. For girls, the top three most popular names look like this: Sofia, Sarah, Anna. For boys: Alexander, Maximilan and Muhamed (Mohamed).

Average age of marriage. The average age of women living in Vienna getting married is 29.8 years, while twenty years ago this age was 23.6 years. For men, the average age at first marriage is 31.7 years, up from 25.7 twenty years ago.

Average age of a Viennese woman at the birth of her first child is 28.9 years. In 1986, this age was 25.1 years.

Provision of housing in Vienna for the population. On average, there are 35 square meters of housing per inhabitant of Vienna, and an average of 2.07 people live in one apartment.

Oleg Ivanov
According to wien.gv.at
Photo: pixabay.com

Ah, this Vienna! A musical symphony, in the lanes of which the famous waltzes and sonatas were born. The sights of this city amaze with their diversity, photos taken by tourists captivate with their beauty. Here, every street is saturated with overflows of notes. Joyful chords Everyday life replaces the majestic organ of palaces and cathedrals - a symbol of eternity. But the Austrian capital is not only famous for this, it seems that all the famous masterpieces are collected in this country.

Vienna is a city that captivates at first sight. Let's take a trip through the most popular places and look at the stunning sights of the capital. And our photos will help with this.

Hofburg - the restless heart of the capital of Austria

Vienna has long been considered the capital of luxury. Everything here is amazing. Let's start with the Hofburg. It is rightly called the heart of Vienna. Once it was one of the most luxurious residences of the Habsburg imperial house. She was famous not only in Austria, but also in other countries. Today, this attraction includes a chapel known for its boys' choir, a treasury with a royal crown, and several museums. Among the places worth visiting is the arena with dancing horses. You can see and appreciate all the advantages of the castle in the presented photo.

Silent witnesses of the past: Plague column in the center of the Austrian capital

Like many European cities Vienna was hit by a plague in 1679. Leopold I, Emperor of Austria, leaving the city to avoid contracting a deadly disease, vows to erect a column of mercy immediately after the end of the epidemic. Already in the same year, the Plague Pillar was consecrated. True, it was made of wood.

Today, the architectural composition exists in marble and is a Baroque dramatization that colorfully conveys the events that once took place in Vienna. You can see this historical miracle in our photo. This column is one of the symbols of Austria.

Vienna House of Sounding Tales

Speaking of Austria, it is impossible not to recall the Vienna Opera. Its importance for the country and for the whole world cannot be overestimated. After all, Vienna is the city where such luminaries worked musical art like Vivaldi and Brahms, Beethoven and Mozart. The Opera House is one of those places that you should definitely visit. The history of the construction of the opera is quite sad. The architects who built it took samples of the French Renaissance as a basis, but the inhabitants of Austria did not appreciate their talent. Our photo of the Opera building gives you the opportunity to see the progressive and aesthetic ideas that were implemented by two talented architects during the construction process.

Listen to the immortal melody of the Tales of the Vienna Woods. Isn't it true that it circles and carries away into the distance - to where the aromas of flowers, the murmur of streams and eternal spring?

When visiting Vienna Opera select a performance category. If you just want to look at the musical masterpieces of the country from the inside, choose class "C" performances, as the prices for them are quite reasonable. If you are a lover of classical music, category "B" is suitable for you. And for real connoisseurs of opera there is a category "A". There you will see not only the latest news, but also be able to listen to world stars.

Sophisticated Vienna with luxurious Schönbrunn gardens

Austria with its palaces and castles has long been the talk of the town for the European community. But one of the most famous is Schönbrunn, which is under the protection of UNESCO. You can get acquainted with this miracle by looking at our photos. These are their name Beautiful places received from a source discovered by Kaiser Matthias during a hunt. You can admire the crystal clear spring even today. The palace complex itself contains about one and a half thousand rooms, but the most interesting of them are state rooms.

The famous Wagenbut carriage museum is also located there, where you can admire the paintings of horses, as well as see the equipment and clothing for riding. Walking through the luxurious gardens of Schönbrunn, be sure to visit the Gloriette Pavilion and look into the summer marble house. Even the highest quality photos will not be able to convey all that living sophistication and sophistication that can be seen with your own eyes.

Have you been dreaming of learning more about Austria for a long time? See those places that are the hallmark of Vienna? Our photos and videos will help you get to know them in absentia.

But in order to feel the breath of the Viennese streets, feel the whole flavor of Austria, visit the beautiful and memorable places, to appreciate the sights, it is worth coming to this amazingly incomprehensible country, where the wind itself will play a welcoming symphony on the harp of Aeolus.

Vienna is the capital of Austria and also administrative center district of Lower Austria, located in the eastern part of the country, at the foot of the Alps, on one of the banks of the Danube River, surrounded by the beautiful Vienna Woods. The main water arteries of the capital are the Donaukanal branch of the Danube and the small river Vienna. The capital of Austria is located in the very center of Europe, at the junction of its eastern and western parts. Only 60 kilometers separate Vienna from the border with Slovakia. Today, about 2 million people live in the city. For many centuries, Vienna has been the main center of classical music - at one time many recognized musical geniuses lived and worked here: Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms. The Vienna Choir, the Vienna State Opera, and such a bright musical event as the Vienna Ball have gained worldwide fame.

Vienna has the status of one of the most charming European cities. Being in the past the capital of the Austrian Empire, it impresses with its luxury, sophistication and grandeur at the same time. This splendor is surrounded by low hills, climbing which, you can see the architectural masterpieces spread below. At the same time, Vienna is the location of the headquarters of political organizations such as OPEC and the OSCE. One of the residences of the UN is also located here, and the Vienna International Center houses the offices of the UNODC, the IAEA, and the UN industrial development organization.

The Austrian capital is not only the administrative, but also the economic center of the country, which has concentrated enterprises in the electrical, metalworking, machine-building, food and textile industries. The head offices of the largest Austrian banks and insurance companies are located in Vienna, and twice a year the city becomes the center of international economic fairs. There are luxury hotels and branded stores of fashionable design houses.

To enter Austria Russian tourists, as well as guests from many other countries, a Schengen visa is required. Nearest international Airport located 16 kilometers from Vienna, in small town Schwechat. You can get from it to the capital by high-speed train, bus or taxi. Public transport The city consists of the subway, electric trains, trams and buses. All modes of transport run strictly according to the schedule. Doors in buses and trams are not automatic, and in order to enter or exit, you must press the button next to the door.

Climatic features

Climate in this region temperate continental, but the weather in Vienna is also determined by its proximity to Alpine mountains. The coldest month is January, average temperature air -2 ... + 2 ° С, however, sometimes the thermometers drop to -18 ° С. IN winter time there is a lot of snow in the city. The warmest months are July and August, when the air warms up to +20°C, but on especially hot days, the thermometers rise to +30°C. During the winter months, foehns are often observed in the city - gusty warm mountain winds. The most favorable weather for travel begins in May and lasts until mid-October.

Historical reference

Archaeological finds indicate that the first settlements in this area appeared more than 20 thousand years ago. small provincial town modern Vienna was already in the 6th century AD. In the 10th century, it passed into the possession of the counts of Babenberg, and since 976, the name Ostarrich, meaning Austria, has been found in the surviving chronicles. From that time on, the city began to expand its borders and experienced its first architectural flowering. After the death of the last descendant of the counts of Babenberg, in the middle of the XIII century, power in the city came to the Habsburgs, whose dynasty determined the course historical events not only Vienna, but all of Austria until 1918, when the fall of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy took place. During the Second World War, Nazi troops were on the territory of Austria from 1938, turning the country into a province of Nazi Germany. After the end of hostilities in 1945 and the next 10 years, Vienna, divided into 4 sectors, was subject to the control of the Allied countries. Only in 1955 did Austria gain independence.

Modern Vienna is a real museum city, with many magnificent architectural monuments of the most different styles and directions. old buildings in the city center in 2001 was included in the List cultural heritage UNESCO.

St. Stephen's Cathedral

The pride of Vienna and its business card- St. Stephen's Cathedral, the construction of which dates back to 1340. Initially in place Cathedral there was a small parish church built in 1137. From the moment of its foundation, the temple was subjected to numerous restructurings and acquired its finally formed appearance, which has survived to this day, only by 1523. The facade walls are lined with smooth large blocks of hewn stone and are moderately decorated with sculptures and carved masks. The portals of the cathedral are covered with a real carved carpet, plunging into the world of religious symbols and ancient legends - there is also a floral ornament, and images of people, birds, fabulous and mythical animals.

The cathedral has a northern and south tower. The height of the latter is 136 meters, you can get to the top by breaking the stairs with 343 steps. At the very top is Observation deck from which they open great views to the city and surroundings. north tower remained unfinished, and in 1579 it was crowned with a Renaissance dome, under the arch of which was placed the Pummerin bell, which became the largest bell in Austria.

St. Stephen's Cathedral was badly damaged during the Second World War, and the famous Pummerin bell was broken. After 7 years of restoration work, the cathedral was completely restored. Today, a photo of this majestic Gothic temple is depicted on all souvenirs and tourist brochures that tell about Vienna.

Vienna State Opera theatre is a musical Mecca, known not only in Austria, but all over the world. The building of the opera house was built in 1869 according to the designs of the talented architect August Sikkard von Sikkardsburg. After the premiere performance, it was recognized as one of the best in the world in terms of acoustic characteristics. Restored after the Second World War according to the surviving drawings, the opera house became the venue for the most significant dance event in the country - the annual Vienna Ball. This status event is attended by the President of Austria, as well as world celebrities, appearing in all their splendor.

Palace complex Belvedere

The huge Belvedere Palace was built in the 18th century by order of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who planned to use it as his summer residence. The complex consists of Lower Belvedere, Upper Belvedere, and beautiful garden between them, decorated with numerous sculptures and fountains. The halls of the Upper Belvedere were used for various holidays and ceremonial receptions, so this palace is still associated with local residents with entertainment. After the death of Eugene, the entire complex, considered one of the most outstanding baroque examples in the world, was acquired by the Habsburgs. Today in the premises of the Upper Belvedere there is Art Gallery With big amount works of artists of the XIX-XX centuries.

Hofburg represents main residence Habsburg, founded in the XIII century and served until 1918. Built originally as a luxury medieval castle, the Hofburg expanded its borders and grew with the same proportionality as the power of the Habsburgs. Over the long centuries of the reign of this dynasty, the Hofburg has turned into a huge palace complex that combines a treasury with imperial crowns, several palaces and museums, a chapel in which the Vienna Boys Choir performs and an arena where you can see dancing Lipizzaner horses belonging to the Spanish Riding School. In total, the complex has about 2,600 halls; only a few are open to tourists. most of imperial quarters.

Schönbrunn is another summer residence great family Habsburg, one of the main attractions of Vienna and a must-see in the traveler's program. This palace can be compared with Peterhof and Versailles - here is the most beautiful natural Park is a harmonious continuation architectural masterpiece made in the Baroque style. Palace complex consists of 1,400 halls, so it is very difficult to get around all the chambers open to tourists. Today in Schönbrunn there is an exhibition of carriages, with carriages, sleighs, palanquins and sedan chairs on display. The main place in the collection is occupied by a gilded, imperial carriage, harnessed by eight horses on the days of coronations. Also on the territory of the park is the Zoo and several museums. In summer, tourists can visit the palace theater, which hosts performances and musical concerts.

When I was planning my trip By Central Europe last summer, I just could not help but include in my itinerary a city like Vienna. I really liked the difference between the streets of the old districts of the city and the streets of Berlin and Paris. Still, Central European architecture seems to me something special. More similarities can be seen with the buildings of Lviv and Krakow than with buildings in cities Western Europe.

Where is Vienna located

Vienna, the capital of Austria, built completely not in the middle of the country. After my travels in Slovakia, I was able to get to Vienna from Bratislava for half an hour. I was very surprised how, having passed such short distance, you can see completely different people outside the window, hear a different language on the streets and visit the capitals of two European countries. Yes, by the way, I was traveling by bus, but I was the opportunity to swim about the same distance between cities on a tourist ship, since both Vienna and Bratislava are built on the same river, the largest in Europe, on the Danube.Water in the Danube clean. The river divides Vienna into two parts, most of the city is located on the right bank.

A very clean forest grows almost around the entire city, bearing the same name with the city ( Vienna Woods). In general, the city has a very large elevation difference, since Vienna is built at the foot of the Alps. From Vienna, you can easily start your journey to:

• Austrian Alps;
• Prague;
• Bratislava;
• Munich;
• Budapest.

What to visit in Vienna

My weakness is ancient cathedrals, mostly, V gothic style , from their stained-glass windows, stucco moldings and paintings on high vaults, it simply takes your breath away. Fortunately, Vienna pleased me with such architecture. I liked the most:

What else surprised me about Vienna is that the city is very green, parks occupy a quarter of the territory. It seems, precisely because of this, and the height above sea level (300-500 meters), airin Vienna I found it very light and clean breathe easy. Important and busy transport routes very far from historical center, although you can quickly get to almost any area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe city.