How does a Schengen visa work? Visas to the USA. What are the visas and how to get a visa to the USA: Video. To whom a working Schengen can be issued

In the previous article, I told and described that in order to receive it, you need to decide on the purpose of the trip, i.e. why you are going to the countries of the Schengen zone: to work, study, travel, see the sights or often enter and leave for business trips or tourism. The bulk of travelers are tourists who go to see the sights of other countries, so here we will consider tourist visas, and you can read the rest (student, work visas, residence permit and permanent residence) on the website of the Consulate where you are going to travel.

Types of Schengen visas

Based on the purpose of the trip, Schengen visas are divided into types (or categories, if it sounds better), if you look at the visa photo just below this text, you will see a pointer to the type of visa, there is a letter that will be indicated to you in the visa:
A - means that you are flying to one country with a transfer in a third (transit through the airport). But it is only necessary when you are in the transit zone more than possible visa-free transit, or the airport does not have transit zone. With such a visa, you cannot leave the airport.
B - this visa is transit, and will allow you to stay in the country for no more than 5 days. With it, you can travel by car or train, or transfer from one flight to another at different airports in the same country.
C - short stay visa, which is issued ordinary tourists for a certain period of their travel, depending on which documents they provided for a visa and how long they indicated for their stay. With this visa, you can visit other Schengen countries. This type of visa is divided into terms:
C1 - visas for up to 30 days;
C2 - visas from 30 to 90 days;
C3 - multiple entry visas (Multi - MULT), up to 1 year;
C4 - multiple entry visas (Multi - MULT), for up to 5 years.
D - long-term / national visa, which allows you to stay in the country that issued it for more than 90 days, but maximum amount days, each country sets its own. This visa still allows you to travel throughout the Schengen area for no more than three months from any half of the year.

Analyzing the visa in the photo above, we can also see the indicated period of stay, i.e. exactly how many days you can stay in the country. And there is also a visa start date and an end date, these dates can be explained by the time period in which you can use your trip (as in the example of a photo of your 15 days).

Visas are also divided by the number of entries into the country:

Usually the category of visas C can be with a different number of entries:
01 is a single entry and exit from the country. You can enter and leave the Schengen country only once. If, for any reason, they left the country of the Schengen zone, even if the visa has not yet expired, they will not be allowed back with such a visa for the second time.
02 - called double. This visa will allow you to enter and leave Europe twice, the main thing is that the visa does not expire.
MULT - multiple. With such a visa, you can enter and exit an unlimited number of times during the period of validity of the visa. Usually there are restrictions on the days of stay, for example: 90/180, which means no more than 90 days in the Schengen Area within six months (180 days). Those. if you have already stayed in the Schengen area for 90 days within one half year, you will not be able to enter until the first half of the year ends for you.
If you get a visa for the first time, then the number of days of stay will depend on how long you bought air or railway tickets, how long you booked (paid for) the hotel, and how much is in your bank account. In the future, if you do not violate certain rules for visiting (and legislation) of the Schengen countries, you will be able to obtain visas for a longer time, only for this you need to remember to attach copies of previous European visas.

To visit most foreign countries, you need to obtain special permits - visas. Since trips differ not only in geographical areas, but also in duration and purpose of the visit, the types of visas are also different. The existing classification was introduced to control the flow of visitors and give them special rights and obligations. Failure to comply with the regime prescribed by the visa is illegal and punishable, so it is important to request a document exactly in accordance with the reasons for the trip.

By validity period

All visas have their own validity period. A foreign citizen cannot be in foreign country unlimited time.

do you have a travel ban

The classification of visas by validity period is simple: they can be short-term or long-term. A long-term visa allows you to stay in a foreign country from 91 days in each of the six months or more - up to several years.

It is extremely difficult to obtain this permission, since this requires good reasons that have undeniable documentary evidence.

The vast majority of requested visas are short-term. stay in foreign country under this permission, you can not exceed 90 days in each of the semesters. Short-term, in turn, are divided into the following categories and types of visas.

Single entry visas

A single entry visa entitles you to cross the border only once. This means that even if the permit has not expired, it cannot be used for a return visit. As a rule, single-entry types and types of visas are obtained by people traveling abroad for the first time.

Travelers who have not yet formed a visa history are issued permits not only designed for a single visit, but also with a short stay in a foreign country.

Multiple entry visas

A multiple entry visa is also called a multivisa. It gives the right to visit foreign country an unlimited number of times during the entire period of validity of the permit, which can be up to five years.

By purpose of entry

In addition, so that all efforts are not in vain, before traveling abroad, you need to find out if you have a travel ban, this will help the proven service not to fly.rf, which will provide you with information about the presence of debts on loans, fines, alimony, housing and communal services and other things, as well as assess the likelihood of a ban on departure abroad.

The rights and obligations that a visa gives a person while visiting a foreign country depend on the reasons for the trip. The stage of preparation for filing an application for an entry document also depends on them. Therefore, the next most important classification is the types of visas depending on the purpose of entry.

Every trip should be based on some reason, for example: studying, visiting relatives, a scientific conference or just tourism. Before visiting the consulate or visa center, you need to find out what types of visas exist in order to correctly request a document.

Transit visa

Often to fly to right place, you have to change in a third country. But since the airport is part of a state, you need a special permit to be there. For these purposes, the transit visa.

This document is valid for only a few days and, as a rule, does not allow you to leave the airport area. It should be borne in mind that not all transit states require special permits.

Diplomatic visa

Members of the government, senior officials of the state, members of diplomatic missions and missions and other persons who have a diplomatic passport receive special permission to enter foreign countries.

A diplomatic visa implies that its owner must be shown Special attention and respect, and the procedure for crossing the border is reduced to a minimum of formalities. However, it does not give any other, including customs, benefits.

As a rule, this visa is requested for official visits related to professional activities. However, special permits are also issued for private matters as a courtesy gesture. These visas are issued by the Department of Foreign Affairs and diplomatic missions.

Temporary resident visa

Types of visas and terms of validity of documents may differ depending on the status of the applicant. For example, foreign citizens residing on the territory of the Russian Federation must issue not only entry, but also exit visas. This permit is called a temporary resident visa.

After obtaining a temporary residence permit (TRP) in Russia, a citizen of a foreign state that has a visa regime with the Russian Federation is required to obtain an exit visa in order to be able to leave the country.

Some states have intergovernmental agreements, so their citizens do not need to receive this visa. These countries include:

• All Balkan countries– Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia;
• three EU countries – Germany, Italy, Poland;
• Turkey.

The visa of a temporary resident is multiple, its validity period is 3 years, that is, it is similar to the validity period of the TRP. You can get this visa at the place of registration in the district department of the migration service. If the registration of the TRP took place on the territory of the Russian Federation, for this it is necessary to prepare a package of documents. If a temporary residence permit was issued through the consular department of the Russian Embassy in the applicant's country of residence, then at the department of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, one should only exchange a single entry visa to the Russian Federation for a multiple exit one.

Ordinary visas

The most popular types of visas in 2017 are still for travel with tourist, business and personal purposes. Most of them relate to short-term permits. Despite the fact that the main package of documents, with the exception of certain papers, is the same for each of these visas, and the process of obtaining does not differ much, all of the permits listed below have different legal force.

Tourist visa

Regardless of the nature of the trip, whether it is a group sightseeing tour, beach holiday or hike, must be requested tourist visa. Since this type of permit is the most popular, it is the easiest to apply for. You can do this yourself by contacting Visa Center or the consulate of the selected country, or with the help of intermediaries, of which there are a great many in the face of travel agencies.

Visa by invitation

If relatives or friends live in the country of destination, or someone interested in the visit of the applicant, you can apply for a visitor visa. In this case, the inviting person fills out a special form, in which he undertakes to provide the applicant with housing conditions for the duration of the trip, and also, if possible, to bear all his financial expenses.

Thus, there is no need for the applicant to provide a reservation hotel room and prepare documents on financial solvency.

Study visa

When it comes to studying abroad, universities come to mind first. But, in addition to higher education, there are numerous professional and language classes. If the purpose of the trip is study, then you must request a special student visa, regardless of the status educational institution. Such a visa is issued, as a rule, for a year and, if necessary, is extended on the spot.

Business visa

A business visa may be needed if you have business partners abroad or if you intend to find them. It is drawn up on entity or an official representative of the company whose purpose of travel is to conclude contracts, negotiate, establish business contacts.

To obtain this visa, you must provide an invitation from the host country or an official letter from government agencies, if they are interested in this.

Work Visa

None of the visas listed above entitles you to work in a foreign country. You can work officially only on the basis of a special permit. However, in order to get work visa, as a rule, it is necessary to have an already concluded contract with an employer in a foreign country. High-class specialists whose professional activity is valued abroad can count on this. For everyone else, obtaining this type of permit will be extremely difficult.

Humanitarian visa

For completely different purposes, a visa is issued upon arrival in a foreign country for humanitarian purposes. These include:

• scientific and cultural activities;
• participation in sports competitions;
• establishing social and political ties;
• pilgrimage or other religious reasons;
• charity;
• delivery of humanitarian aid.

A humanitarian visa is issued on the basis of an invitation from the host organization and, if necessary, the interested state structure.

Service visa

It is also necessary to consider what visas are for official representations, in addition to diplomatic ones. For people of lower rank, but nevertheless endowed with special powers, service visas are provided. Such permits are issued to persons holding official passports.

These include:

• members of official foreign delegations, members of their families (provided that they take part in the trip), accompanying persons;
• employees of administrative, technical and service personnel of diplomatic missions, as well as members of their families;
• consular employees and attendants of consular offices, as well as members of their families;
• members of the armed forces and their families.

A service visa can also be included in an ordinary passport if official status is recognized in relation to a person who does not have a special document.

Special types

There are other types of visas that do not fall under any of the above categories. All sorts of reasons can serve as the basis for a trip. Therefore, each of these cases is considered by the consular officers individually. Such permissions include, for example:

• bride's visa;
• for the purpose of family reunification;
• for medical care;
• purchase visa.

Separately, it is worth stopping at visiting places with lightweight visa regime and such a thing as a visa on arrival. There are a number of countries government bodies who do not require a prior permit to enter. All necessary procedures are carried out at the airport: the traveler presents international passport, medical insurance, evidence of a place to live and sufficient money, and receives a stamp allowing them to stay in the country for a certain period of time.

Visa at the airport has only two drawbacks. First, if for any reason the traveler is denied entry, he will have to return home, wasting time and money on plane tickets. Secondly, this permit is only suitable for short visits for tourism purposes.

Schengen visas

Schengen visas deserve special attention, as trips to Europe are always popular. In fact, all the above classifications apply to this type of permit, and exactly the same reasons can serve as the basis for a trip. The main difference is that, having received a visa to one of the Schengen countries, you can freely visit each of them.

Subspecies of Schengen

The concept of a Schengen visa includes types according to the duration and purpose of the visit. According to the number of entries, permits are divided into:

• single;
• double;
• multiple entries (multivisas).

In accordance with the purpose of the trip, the following visas are distinguished:

• A - transit, allowing you to stay in the airport area during a transfer to a third country;
• C - tourist:
  • C1 - with a stay of up to 30 days;
  • C2 - with the right to stay in the Schengen area for up to 90 days within six months;
  • C3 - with a validity period of one year and the right to stay in the Schengen area for 90 days every six months;
  • C4 - valid for five years.
• D - national, giving the right to request a temporary residence permit in the host country.

Visas to the USA. What are the visas and how to get a visa to the USA: Video

And, finally, the most interesting thing is the restriction of travel abroad for debtors. It is about the status of the debtor that it is easiest to “forget” when going on another vacation abroad. The reason may be unpaid utility bills, alimony or fines from the traffic police. Any of these debts may threaten to restrict travel abroad in 2017, we recommend that you find out information about the presence of debt using a proven service not to fly.rf

Are you going to Europe? Wondering if you need a visa? We answer - we need it! States European Union they are standard, only differing by category. Such a permit gives the right to visit any state that has signed the Schengen Agreement, freely cross borders without any passport control within the Schengen area. Today, a Schengen visa for 3 years (or 5) is a reality for any Russian.

And yet there are certain restrictions, primarily related to the type of Schengen permit obtained for Russians in 2017, which, in turn, depends on the purpose of the trip.

So what are Schengen visas? How is one different from the other? The article will review every existing Schengen visa in 2017.

What are Schengen permits?

A Schengen visa for 2 years, for example, is not that bad at all? You can not think about getting the coveted special sticker in your passport with a photo for two whole years, giving you the right to enter the territory of a country that is part of the EU - just buy tickets to and go there whenever you want.

Needless to say, how relevant is the issue of obtaining a visa for 5 years or more.

Important! Pay special attention to the validity period of the document issued to you. In addition to this, its notation contains information about the number of entries into the country that are allowed for you.

So, the types of Schengen visas.

Visa category "A" - transit

Do I need a transit visa and for whom? It is necessary for anyone who flies with a transfer at the airport of the Schengen area. According to it, you do not have the right to leave the airport and move around the country, only to make a transfer and fly further to your destination.

If you have a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, you will not need a transit Schengen visa, with the exception of transit at the French airport when you depart from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova.

You will not need a transit visa if you have a different type of permit.

Category "C"

This type is the most common. And you can go to an EU country for a variety of reasons:

• tourism, acquaintance with culture;
• invitation from relatives, friends and acquaintances;
• studies;
• business trips;
• treatment;
• transit through an EU country.

The longest period of time that can be spent in Europe with this type of permit is up to three consecutive months:

1. C1 - for a short period, which does not exceed 30 days, and it is valid for a month - the most affordable.
2. C2 - given for three months, with a validity period of up to six months.
3. C3 - issued for 90 days; This Schengen visa is valid for one year.
4. C4 - for 3 months; it can be a Schengen for 2 years, 3 or even 5 years.

Important! This type of permit (tourist Schengen visa, visitor visa, business visa, etc.) will require proof of the purpose of the stay. This means that most of the paperwork that you will have to collect when you apply will solve this problem.

Please note! If your visit to the country implies the need to leave it for a while in order to return back, be sure to indicate this fact in the questionnaire so that the Consulate can make an appropriate decision.

1. Single entry visa. Its holder has the right to enter the Schengen only once. Upon leaving the country, the permit ceases to be valid, even if it has not yet expired.
2. Double. It differs from the previous one in that you can visit the state of Europe twice. With the appearance of the second exit mark in the passport, it is no longer valid.
3. Multiple entry Schengen visa or multi-visa Schengen. She also has the name reusable. Special mention must be made of her.

Mentioning the “Schengen multivisa type C”, they are talking about a visa permit of the corresponding category, marked “MULTI”. In fact, this is a multiple-entry visa that allows you to enter / leave several times for a specified period. These can be entry stamps of any subtype C 1-4. And according to the duration of the action, there is a Schengen multivisa for 1 year, 6 months or five years.

At the same time, it is necessary to clearly follow the rules for using the Schengen multivisa, which will protect you from trouble with border services Schengen zones.

1. The first is the "rule of first entry" to the country in the Consulate of which you received permission; break the rule - the next time to apply for a multi-Schengen visa, you will have to apply to the Consulate of another country.
2. The second is the rule of the main country; it is applied to short-term documents, and the country where the maximum time is planned is considered the main one.
3. And the third - the duration of stay in the EU. And they are:

• within the zone foreign citizen allowed to stay three months every 180 days. If you received a Schengen for a year, it is possible to come in the second half of the year for the next 90 days;
• a Schengen visa for 5 years will mean that, after spending 90 days in Europe, you will have to leave the EU for at least 3 months;
• Schengen C2-C4 for 180 days out of six months allow you to spend a maximum of 90 days in the European Union.

If you are interested, you can easily find on the Internet what a multivisa looks like.

Before you begin to draw up a multi-Schengen document, you should think carefully about whether it is really necessary.

National visa category "D"

Each of the EU states has introduced its own rules and procedures for issuing this long-term document. And you will have to pay more for it.

You will need strong arguments to receive it:

• you became a university student;
• officially employed in a company in a European state;
• cultural exchange (for artists by invitation);
• sports activities (for professional athletes).

Having a visa permit of this category, you can move to other Schengen states, but do not stay longer than three months for six months.

Other Schengen Permits

The question is often asked: do I need a visa to travel to Russian Kaliningrad? It turns out that for these cases there are special types of Schengen visas. We are talking about the transit Schengen, special permits under a simplified scheme and for a specific purpose, namely, entry into Kaliningrad region through the territory of Lithuania. These include: UTD and UPTD.

And they are issued by the Consulate of Lithuania.

"FTD" or "UTD"

Gives the opportunity to travel by car from Kaliningrad in transit to other Russian territories. You can only ride the shortest way without going anywhere "along the way". You are allowed to stay in Lithuania for no more than a day.

"FRTD" or "FRTD"

Operates the same as FTD, but travel by train, with a transit time of no more than six hours. It can be issued directly on the train, however, a ticket must be bought before departure 28 hours, no later than. The visa will be valid for 90 days, and in any of them you can use it.

Attention! To obtain one of these types of permits, you must provide sufficient reasons for traveling to Kaliningrad. Additional documents will be required, such as a certificate of employment or proof of relationship.

LTV

It is even called exotic, it is issued infrequently, and, above all, because you can only stay in the country whose Consulate issued you this permission, and nowhere else. According to it, transit is prohibited, and the case for its issuance must be exceptional.

Some types of visa permits, their distinctive features are:

1. Schengen tourist visa belongs to the category of Schengen visas "C". Designed only for short-term premises: from single entry to multiple visas (for example). Even if a Schengen visa is issued for 5 years, in European country it is allowed to stay every six months for no more than 3 months. Especially popular in summer.
2. Anyone who wants to legally work in Europe needs a working Schengen visa, without which no employer has the right to hire a foreigner. This permit does not place restrictions on the time spent abroad. And this is the main difference between it and the Schengen tourist visa document. For example, a type C visa will mean for the holder to stay for six months no more than three months, and a Schengen visa category D will allow you to stay for the entire period.

To whom can a working Schengen be issued?

• workers for a certain type of seasonal work;
• highly qualified specialists;
• academic academics;
• employees of the company for internal translation;
• individual entrepreneurs.

Note! Remember that on a Schengen work visa it will be possible to work in a specific organization. And when you get fired, your permit will be revoked.

For employment, the Consulate can issue a visa for six months, or you can get a Schengen visa for 1 year. For example .

1. A business Schengen visa allows the holder to make business transactions in the territory of the EU countries. By the way, it can also be used for tourism. It differs from the working one in that it is impossible to find a job on it. And according to the purposes, the categories of business Schengen permits are distinguished:

• business;
• commercial;
• for drivers of freight and passenger transport;
• for vehicle crews;
• for maintenance;
• accompanying.

A business Schengen visa can be multiple, or maybe single or double. You can get a Schengen multivisa for 5 years.

1. Visitor visa permission by invitation will be required for those who are going to visit relatives or friends in the Schengen country. invitations different countries may differ both in appearance and content, as some of them require the inviting party to undertake to provide the entrant with everything necessary.

By the way, “validity period of a permit” is a different concept from “period of stay in the country”, and they should be distinguished:

• the first is the period in which you can exercise the right to enter;
• the second is the number of days you are allowed to spend in the Schengen area.

Traveling in Europe can become limitless if you have a Schengen visa for 3 years or more. You have the opportunity to visit several countries at once, ride a ferry, travel, for example, from Finland to Portugal - all this is possible if your passport has a Schengen multivisa for 3 years or 5, or annual visa Schengen. Good luck with your trips!