The region with the lowest population density. Russian population density

Population density - a value showing the ratio of the number of residents to a certain area (persons /). It acts as an indicator of the development of the territory, the intensity economic activity people, the territorial structure of the economy. Population density is formed in the process of historical development under the influence of the economic laws of social formations, the level of social economic development society and the natural-geographical environment and acts as one of the factors contributing to the location of production in this region.

Differences in types of reproduction, character internal migrations, the history of settlement and land development, as well as a variety of natural and climatic conditions have led to the fact that the population of Russia is extremely unevenly distributed over the territory.

The average population density in Russia is 8.7 people/, which is 4 times less medium density in the world. However, the average population in the country does not give a complete picture of the distribution of the population across the territory. The population of Russia is distributed extremely unevenly. 78.6% of the population Russian Federation concentrated on the territory of the European part and the Urals, occupying 25.2% total area Russia. At the same time, the population density is 36.7 people per 1 km 2. At the same time, 21.4% of the country's population lives in Siberia and the Far East on an area constituting 74.6% of the entire territory of Russia. The average population density here is 2.5 people per 1 km2.

In Russia, two main zones of settlement have developed, stretching from west to east. The main zone of settlement is the European part of Russia, with the exception of the European North. It is a kind of triangle, the base of which lies in the European part of Russia, and the top - on southeast coast Pacific Ocean. northern border the lane runs along the St. Petersburg-Vologda-Perm-Ekaterinburg-Novosibirsk line, then along the Sibirskaya railway line.

Such significant differences in population density are determined by the influence of interrelated socio-economic and natural-geographical factors. Through central regions which formed the basis Russian state, passed trade routes to the West and East, North and South and ensured stable ties between Russia and the countries of the Pacific region South-East Asia. The development of trade relations provided and extensive network waterways. Here, much earlier than on the outskirts, Russian industry began to take shape. The noted factors contributed to the concentration of a significant part of the population, the development of various sectors of the economic complex associated with the processing of local and imported raw materials, as well as diversified agriculture.

Weak development of the territory of the European North, Siberia and Far East associated with natural and climatic factors: harsh natural and climatic conditions and underdevelopment of infrastructure.

The extreme uneven distribution of the population of Siberia and the Far East is explained by the considerable remoteness from the developed regions of the country, handicapped highways(mainly river and air Transport), a lag in the development of the economy and the social sphere, as well as existing historical factors. [cm. 1, p. 57]

Significant differences in population density are also observed within the federal districts, as can be seen by analyzing Table 3.

Table 3. Population density of the Russian Federation by federal districts

According to the level of population of the territory, the Central Federal District stands out - 57.2 people. per km. 2 Within the county special place occupies Moscow and the Moscow region with a maximum population at the level of administrative districts - 364.3 people per 1 km 2. To the north and south of the center, the population of the area decreases and the lowest rates are observed in the Kostroma region, which is explained by the remoteness from the Moscow transport hub.

In second place in terms of population after the Central Federal District, the Southern Federal District stands out. However, the population is distributed unevenly across the territory. The highest density is in the Kuban, Kalmykia and Dagestan are less populated.

The maximum population density for the Urals District is observed in Chelyabinsk region- 39.7 people per 1 km 2. The reason for this is the high concentration of industrial production. And the smallest population is typical for Kurgan region- 13.6 people per 1 km 2 as a result of insufficient development of industrial production and agriculture.

Significant contrasts are observed in the population of the Volga region. In the Chuvash Republic, it is 70.1 people per 1 km 2, and in the Kirov region - 11.9 people per 1 km 2. This is due to significant differences in natural growth rates, as well as natural and climatic conditions.

Among the regions of the European part of Russia, the Northwestern District has the lowest population density - 8.0 people per 1 km 2, which is explained by the harsh natural and climatic conditions of the region and the insufficient development of the industrial complex. Within the district, the smallest population is noted in the Nenets autonomous region- 0.2 people per 1 km 2.

The Siberian Federal District has a rather mixed picture of population. The bulk of its population is concentrated along the Trans-Siberian Railway, the banks of the Ob and Irtysh, as well as to the territory with a high concentration of industrial production. Among the administrative entities in terms of population density, it stands out Kemerovo region- 29.5 people per 1 km 2. At the same time, the population of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug is 0.02 people per 1 km2.

The lowest development of the territory is noted in the Far East federal district. Occupying 36% of the territory of Russia, only 5% of the total population of the country lives in the region. The highest density is typical for Sakhalin region- 6.0 people per 1 km 2, and the lowest in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - 0.07 people per 1 km 2. Such an extreme uneven distribution of the population is explained by the significant remoteness from the developed regions of the country, limited opportunities for the development of transport routes.

The country's population is a factor that largely influences the development of the economy, its manufacturing and social sectors. Therefore, it is very important to know and keep records of labor resources, the population as a whole, and its density. This allows you to identify problems in this area in time and solve them.

The population is a set of people who are settled unevenly throughout the country, depending on the prevailing historical conditions. The indicator "population density in Russia" has its own characteristics. It depends on geographical, climatic, ethnic and other factors. This indicator has an impact on the development of the sphere of production in certain regions of the country, on the location of industries and on their

Average Russia fluctuates within the value of 8.6 people per square kilometer. The population within the country is distributed unevenly. So, about 78% of people inhabit European part and Ural. This territory makes up 25.4% of the total area. Therefore, the population density of Russia in this area is much higher and fluctuates around 36.7 people per square kilometer. Naturally, this is above average.

At the same time, 21.6% of the total population lives in less populated areas, in the Far East and Siberia. These areas make up about 74% of the total area of ​​the country. Therefore, here the density indicator will be significantly lower than in Russia as a whole, and will amount to 2.5 people per one kilometer of area.

The unevenness of such an indicator as the population density of Russia is explained by many factors. First of all, this is geographical position. These conditions also affect the development of infrastructure in these areas.

Considering the population density of Russia on a smaller scale, the unevenness of this indicator is also noted. Thus, the most populated area is considered to be the density of the population on its territory is 61.3 people per one kilometer of area.

This indicator reaches the highest value within Moscow and the region adjacent to it. It has a value of 320.8 people per square kilometer. One of the densely populated areas is North Caucasus(49.6 people per square kilometer). The Central Chernozem region has the same population density.

If we consider the Urals, then here the territories are also unevenly populated. The highest density is observed in the Chelyabinsk region (41.8 people per unit area). This is due to the concentration of large industrial enterprises in this area. The Kurgan region has the smallest population. There, the population density reaches 15.6 people per unit area.

This dispersal of the population is explained by the numerous climatic zones and zones that Russia has. Population density depends on the economic situation of a particular region and employment. This figure in the regions of the North is the lowest and is 4.0 people per square kilometer. The reason for this was the severe natural conditions and, consequently, the low level of development of industry and other sectors National economy.

In the Far East, the population density reaches 1.2 people per unit area. About 5% of all people in the country live there.

The population size and its main characteristics can change as a result of many factors. One of these is migration, which, along with the natural movement of people, has a strong influence on population density.

The smaller the study area, the more accurate will be the indicator of its population, and the more it will differ from the general indicator taken as a whole for the country.

Population density is an indicator of the development of the territory, the intensity of economic activity of people, the territorial structure of the economy. Population density is formed in the process of historical development under the influence of the economic laws of social formations, the level of socio-economic development of society and the natural and geographical environment. The population of the territory is formed in the process of economic development and acts not only as one of the factors contributing to the location of production in a given region, but is also a consequence of the economic development of the country.

The average population density of the Russian Federation is 8.7 people. per 1 km2. In terms of population density, Russia is inferior to most countries of the world and almost all CIS countries, except for Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, in which the average population is 6.2 and 7.7 people. per 1 sq. km, respectively. However, the average population indicators in the country do not give a complete picture of the distribution of the population across the territory. The population is also very unevenly distributed within each part of the country's territory. 78.6% of the population of the Russian Federation is concentrated in the European part and the Urals, which occupies 25.4% of the total area of ​​Russia. The population density here is 36.7 people per 1 km2, more than 4 times higher than the average population in Russia. At the same time, 21.4% of the country's population lives in Siberia and the Far East on an area that makes up 74.6% of the entire territory of Russia. The average population density is 3.4 times lower than the average population density in the Russian Federation and is 2.5 people. per 1 km2. Such significant differences in population density are determined by the influence of interrelated socio-economic, historical and natural-geographical factors. Trade routes to the West and East, North and South passed through the central regions, which formed the basis of the Russian state, and ensured stable ties between Russia and the countries Western Europe, and in the future with the countries of the Pacific region of Southeast Asia. The development of trade relations also provided an extensive network of waterways. Here, much earlier than on the outskirts, Russian industry began to take shape. These factors contributed to the concentration of a significant part of the population, the development of various sectors of the economic complex associated with the processing of local and imported raw materials, as well as diversified agriculture. And in the future, science-intensive and labor-intensive branches of the economic complex were developed.

Weak development of the territory of the European North, Siberia and the Far East is associated with natural and geographical factors: severe natural and climatic conditions and orographic difficulties, as well as underdeveloped infrastructure.

Significant differences in population density are also observed within economic regions. At the regional level, the Central Economic Region is distinguished by population.

Its population density is 62.5 people. per 1 km2, which is more than 7 times higher than the average population density in the Russian Federation. Within the region, a special place is occupied by Moscow and the Moscow region with the maximum population for Russia at the level of administrative districts - 310.6 people. per 1 km2. To the north and south of the center, the population of the area decreases and the lowest rates are observed in the Kostroma region (13.4 people per 1 km2), which is explained by the remoteness from the Moscow transport hub, low heat supply, poor soil fertility and the lack of industrial reserves of minerals.

High population density is noted in the North Caucasus (average density is 49 people per 1 km2) and the Central Black Earth region (46.5 people per 1 km2). This is due to the high natural and mechanical population growth, favorable natural and climatic conditions and a fairly high level of development of industry and agriculture. Significant contrasts are observed in the population of the Volga-Vyatka economic region. In the Chuvash Republic, it is 74.4 people. per 1 km2, and in the Kirov region - 13.4 people. with an average density in the region of 32.1 people per 1 km2. This is due to significant differences in natural growth rates, as well as natural and climatic conditions.

The maximum population density for the Urals is observed in the Chelyabinsk region - 41 people. per 1 km2. The reason for this is the high concentration of industrial production. And the smallest population is typical for the Kurgan region - 12.6 people. per 1 km2 - a consequence of the insufficient development of industrial production and agriculture.

Among the economic regions of the European part of Russia, the Northern economic region has the lowest population density - 4.1 people. per 1 km2, which is explained by the harsh natural and climatic conditions of the region and the insufficient development of industrial production. Within the region, the lowest population is typical for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where the small peoples of the North live; the density in the district does not exceed 0.1 people. per 1 km2.

The West Siberian economic region has a rather mixed picture of population. The main part of its population is confined to the Trans-Siberian Railway, the banks of the Ob and Irtysh, as well as to the territory with a high concentration of industrial production. Among the administrative entities, Kemerovo Oblast stands out in terms of population density (32.1 people per 1 km2), more than 5 times higher than the average indicators of the region (6.2 people per 1 km2). At the same time, the population Tyumen region is 2.2 people. per 1 km2, and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 0.5 people. per 1 km2. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is characterized by patchy settlement in areas with a developing extractive industry (oil and gas production) and an important branch of the economy of indigenous peoples - reindeer breeding.

The lowest development of the territory among the economic regions of the Russian Federation is noted in the Far East. Occupying 36.4% of the territory of Russia, only 5% of the total population of the country lives in the region, with an average population that is more than 7 times lower than in the Russian Federation (1.2 people per 1 km2). At the same time, there are significant deviations in the distribution of the population within the region. The highest population density is typical for the Sakhalin region (7.9 people per 1 km2), and in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Magadan region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the population ranges from 0.3 to 0.1 people. per 1 km2.

The extreme uneven distribution of the population of Siberia and the Far East is explained by the considerable remoteness from the developed regions of the country, the limited possibilities of transport routes (mainly river and air), the lag in the development of the economy and the social sphere, as well as historical factors*.

* For a map of population density by economic region, see appendix at the end of the book.