Berlin tourist map. Russian-language portal for guests of the capital of Germany

Berlin is the capital of Germany and one of the largest cities in the country. Berlin is also the capital of the eponymous state - one of the sixteen states united in a federation and with partial independence. The state of Berlin, in turn, is located entirely within a larger federal german land Brandenburg.

Berlin is located in the center of Europe, so the largest European cities are located in relative proximity:

• to Munich - 689 km,
• to Amsterdam - 663 km,
• to Lyon - 1213 km,
• and to Venice - 1215 km.

Closer are the cities of Eastern Europe:

• Gdansk - at a distance of 481 km,
• Warsaw - 625 km,
• Krakow - 570 km.
• To Moscow - 1818 km.

The city is located in the eastern part of Germany. A map of Berlin in Russian shows that in the southeast the nearest Big City- this is Frankfurt on the Oder, in the southwest - the ancient Potsdam. To the north of Berlin are Bernau and Oranienburg. 70 kilometers east of the city lies state border with Poland.

Berlin is one of the world's cultural centers, harmoniously combining historical Center and areas with modern buildings. The city is also one of the largest economic, tourist, industrial center and is considered one of the largest transport hubs. Every day the city receives dozens of flights and hundreds of trains arriving here from all over the continent.

Berlin is very different not only from other capitals, but also from the rest German cities. This city is a cosmopolitan, whose peculiarity can be explained historically. During the Second World War, the city was almost completely destroyed. It was restored in the post-war period with the friendly participation of other countries. The conditional division of Berlin into 4 parts has been preserved: American, British, French and Soviet. Each country brought its own national features to the reconstruction of the city. That is why within the city you can see such different architecture.

Geography of the city

Berlin on the map of Germany covers an area of ​​​​over 891 sq. Km and is administratively divided into 12 administrative districts . The districts, in turn, consist of 96 districts.

Historical Center, Spandau area, located in the valley of the river Spree. On both sides of the valley, moraine hills rise, sheltering on their slopes most modern city.

Extends to the southwest Teltow plateau, in the northeast - the Barnim Plateau. As the map of Berlin with streets shows, each of the hills contained 4 Berlin districts.

Water resources

Berlin is literally surrounded by the waters of rivers and lakes, and the city itself is dotted with canals. It is no coincidence that the German capital is called the city of bridges, as there are over 1500 of these structures. Water resources Berlin are richly represented: these are the major rivers in Germany Spree And Havel, the course of which is strewn with small tributaries. The city also has over a dozen natural and artificial lakes, the largest of which are Tegel lake And Big Wanze.

Climate of Berlin

The climate of Berlin is temperate, with a great change of seasons. The hottest month is July when the temperature rises to 19°C. The coldest month is January, but in winter period the thermometer rarely drops below zero.

Berlin metro map

Berlin is one of most beautiful cities Europe, which is visited annually by hundreds of thousands of tourists. There are many excursion routes, including visits to various sights of Berlin. We offer you walking route"Berlin in a Day", allowing you to explore the most popular sights of the city center.

Itinerary "Berlin in one day"

Before you set off on the Berlin in a Day route, be sure to take care of comfortable shoes, comfortable clothes and, of course, a map that can be downloaded from.

Start of Berlin in One Day - Alexanderplatz

Alexanderplatz (Alexanderplatz, No. 1 on) - one of central squares located in the center of Berlin. It was named in honor of the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who defeated Napoleon, and Berliners call her "Alex". Initially, this place was market Square, after 1812 it began to be rebuilt and equipped. Now on Alexanderplatz there is a railway station building, a TV tower and the World Clock, a hotel " Park Inn”, Teacher's House and Peoples' Friendship Fountain.

Alexanderplatz

Alexanderplatz is a lively square, and outwardly it differs from other squares in the center of Berlin. It looks more modern due to buildings built already in the post-war period, and the presence of a railway station and public transport stops makes it the focus of city life.

The next stop on the Berlin in a Day route is Museum Island.

Already from the name it is obvious that we will talk about the island, where there are many museums. This is true, Museum Island (Museumsinsel, No. 2 on) is called northern part Spreeinsel Island, where five Berlin museums are located. The history of these museums began under Frederick William II at the end of the 18th century, when the ruler decided to collect in one place works of art from antiquity to modern times.

museum island

The first museum was opened in 1830. This museum became the Old Museum, which now houses exhibits from the ancient Greek and Roman eras. In the middle of the 19th century, the New Museum was founded, it currently contains art objects from Africa and Asia, one of the most famous exhibits is the famous bust of Nefertiti. The next open museum in 1876 was the Old National Gallery, where you can admire the paintings of the 19th century - canvases in the styles of classicism and romanticism, early modernism and French impressionism. The Bode Museum, opened in 1904, became the center of Byzantine art. The last, in 1930, the Pergamon Museum was built, it houses collections of objects ancient history, Muslim art and Middle Eastern finds.

The next stop on the Berlin in One Day route is here, on Museum Island.

The third point of the route "Berlin in one day" - Berlin Cathedral

The Berlin Cathedral (Berliner Dom, No. 3 on) is located on the Museum Island. During ten years of construction, from 1894 to 1905, the architect Julius Raschdorf managed to create a delightful religious building in baroque style. Outwardly, the Berlin Cathedral is a bit like Saint Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg: the same five-dome design with the largest dome located in the center.

berlin cathedral

Today, the Berlin Cathedral reaches a height of 98 meters, but before the Second World War it was higher - 114 meters. Visitors can admire the cathedral and also go to the crypt of the Hohenzoddern dynasty. After visiting the Berlin Cathedral, you can relax in the Lustgarten square (Lustgarten), look at the fountain and again go on the route "Berlin in a day" - across the bridge.

The next stop on the Berlin in One Day route is Unter den Linden

Unter den Linden (Unter den Linden, No. 4 on) is one of the most famous streets Berlin. Translated from German, the name of the boulevard sounds like “Under the lime trees”. In the middle of the 17th century, Elector Friedrich Wilhelm traveled along this road to his hunting grounds in the Tiergarten, and lime trees appeared here on his orders.
The street turned into an elegant boulevard after 1770, when Frederick II ordered to build up the street with beautiful front buildings, where officials and wealthy citizens would live. For two recent years During the Second World War, the linden alley was cut down for firewood, but after the end of the war, the townspeople again planted linden trees on the boulevard.

Unter den Linden is considered the main boulevard of Berlin, its length is 1390 meters, the maximum width reaches 60 meters. The abundance of baroque buildings makes Unter den Linden monumental and grandiose. On this street there are such sights of Berlin as the Palace of the Crown Princes, built in the middle of the 17th century in the style of late classicism, the Berlin Cathedral, which you have already examined on the Museum Island, and the Zeighaus, otherwise the Arsenal, built at the very end of the 17th century.

Unter den Linden

After walking along Unter den Linden, we continue our route "Berlin in one day" and turn to Bebelplatz.

The middle of the route "Berlin in one day" - Bebelplatz

Another famous Berlin Square is Bebelplatz (Bebelplatz, No. 5 on). It appeared in Berlin in 1741-1743 as a space in front of the building of the Berlin Opera House. Until the middle of the last century, Bebelplatz was called "Emperor Franz Josef Square". This place received its modern name in 1947, after a radical restructuring of the ensemble and restoration of buildings damaged during shelling.

Bebelplatz

At present, the square looks like this: in the center is the neoclassical Cathedral of St. Hedwig, built in the middle of the 18th century, to the left of it is the baroque building of the Opera, and to the right of the cathedral is another baroque building, the State Library. Bebelplatz is a spacious and extraordinarily beautiful square, a mixture of baroque and neoclassical styles create a unique harmonious composition.

Glass plate at Bebelplatz

An interesting fact: it was on Bebelplatz in 1933 that the Nazis burned the books of "anti-German" authors: G. Mann, K. Marx, Z. Freud. Today, this event is commemorated by a glass slab in the center of the square, under which empty bookshelves go down into the ground.

Continuing on the "Berlin in a day" route, head towards the Gendarmenmarkt.

The next point of the route "Berlin in one day" - Gendarmenmarkt

Gendarmenmarkt (Gendarmenmarkt, No. 6 on) is considered the main and at the same time the most beautiful square in Berlin. This place appeared in the capital of Germany in the 17th century by order of Elector Frederick III (future King Frederick I) as part of a new suburb in which French Huguenots were allowed to settle. The square was called "Lindenmarkt", that is, "Linden Market". Already at the end of the 18th century, under Frederick II, the appearance of the square changed significantly, since identical domed towers were built near the French and German cathedrals. In 1736, the stables of the elite cavalry - "gendarmes" appeared on the square, hence the name "Gendarmenmarket", however, it came into use only at the very end of the 18th century.

Gendarmenmarkt

At the beginning of the 19th century, the square underwent changes again - the National Theater appeared here, and later the building of the Drama Theater. Now the composition of the Gendarmenmarkt is determined by the neoclassical building of the Concert Hall - in the center, the French Cathedral from the north and the German Cathedral from the south, and next to the temples - the already mentioned towers.

Walking along the very beautiful square capital of Germany, we move on along the route "Berlin in one day" along Charlottenstraße or Friedrichstraße, whichever you prefer. The following two attractions will tell about the sad events in the history of Berlin and if they do not interest you or do not suit your mood, skip them and return to Unter den Linden. Pass the street "Under the lime trees" to the Brandenburg Gate and you will find yourself at point number 9 of the route "Berlin in one day".

The next stop on the Berlin in One Day route is Checkpoint Charlie.

Checkpoint Charlie (Checkpoint Charlie, No. 7 on) is one of the checkpoints near the Berlin Wall, through which foreigners, diplomats and the military could pass. Officially, this checkpoint was called Checkpoint C, which is how it got its name, Charlie; there were two more checkpoints: Checkpoint "A" (Alpha) and Checkpoint "B" (Bravo). Checkpoint "Charlie" functioned from 1961 to 1990, and in 1961 it was here that the famous tank confrontation took place.

Checkpoint "Charlie"

There is a checkpoint on Friedrichstraße Street. In one of the neighboring buildings there is a museum where you can see the equipment with which the inhabitants of Berlin tried to overcome the wall, as well as the equipment that prevented attempts to escape. There is also an opportunity to see a photo exhibition dedicated to the events of 1961 and the history of Checkpoint Charlie.

Continue walking along Zimmerstraße or Kochstraße to the next stop on the Berlin in One Day route.

The first point on the final straight of the route "Berlin in one day" - the Museum "Topography of Terror"

museum under open sky Topography of Terror (Topographie des Terrors, No. 8 on), located at Niederkirchnerstraße 8, is an information and exhibition center that presents its visitors with evidence of the atrocities of the fascist regime. On the territory of the museum there are exhibits illustrating the crimes of the Nazis, and documentary evidence tragic facts historical past. This attraction, of course, stands apart among the numerous historical sights of Berlin that fascinate with their beauty.

Museum "Topography of Terror"

Continuing the walk through the center of the capital of Germany, we come to the finish line of the route "Berlin in one day" - Wilhelmstraße.

The penultimate point of the route "Berlin in one day" - Brandenburg Gate

And finally, the Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor, No. 9 on) is a symbol of the capital of Germany. Now they are located in the central part of the city, and were once located on the outskirts, and together with 17 more similar structures marked the borders of Berlin.

The Brandenburg Gate was built in honor of the end of the Thirty Years' War and was originally called the "Gate of Peace". The initiator of the construction was Frederick II, he invited famous architects Carl Gottgard Langgans and Johann Gottfried Schadow, who in the period from 1789 to 1791 created an amazing architectural structure in the style of classicism. The prototype was the Athenian Propylaea of ​​the Acropolis.

Brandenburg Gate

The Brandenburg Gate is a grandiose structure: its height reaches 25 meters and its width is 66 meters; it is a triumphal arch of 12 columns in the Doric style, decorated with a statue of the goddess Victoria, who controls the chariot. The famous Berlin Wall ran through the Brandenburg Gate and became a symbol of the division of Berlin in the 20th century.

Here, at the Brandenburg Gate, one could stop. However, it seems to us that it would be strange to come to Berlin and not visit the Reichstag building. Moreover, now before him, and therefore before the completion of the route "Berlin in one day", is already within easy reach.

The final point of the route "Berlin in one day" - the Reichstag

The Reichstag building (Reichstag / Reichstagsgebäude, No. 10 on), where the German Parliament currently sits, is one of the unique architectural structures the end of the 19th century. The Reichstag was built for 10 years - from 1884 to 1894, and as a result a beautiful example was created in the style of the new Renaissance with baroque elements. The architect Paul Vallot was able to make the Reichstag unique in its essence: the building is crowned with a glass dome, but this element has not only a decorative function, but is also part of an autonomous power system. As a result of a fire in 1933, the building was damaged, and the Nazi government moved to the premises of the Opera House. The restoration of the Reichstag was carried out in the 60s of the last century, the building was returned to its former appearance, but regular government meetings began to take place only in 1999.

Reichstag

Most known fact from the history of the Reichstag building - its capture by Soviet troops. Until now, the inscriptions made by the winners have been preserved on the walls. Currently, the Reichstag is open to tourists, you can get there until 22.00. It is better to inspect the building with a guided tour, experienced guides will reveal the secrets of this amazing place.

All. Route "Berlin in one day" completed. Congratulations!

Kaiser Wilhelm Church

However, those who still have the strength, time and desire can get to another Berlin attraction that was not included in the Berlin in One Day route - the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche). Located on Breitscheidplatz, the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, built by order of Wilhelm II in honor of the grandfather of Wilhelm I, today consists of a partially surviving building from the late 19th century and two modern buildings built in the second half of the last century.

Initially, the Kaiser Wilhelm Church was the tallest church in the city, its main tower reached a height of 113 meters, but in 1943 the temple was bombed. After the war, only the main and one of the side towers were partially restored, leaving the church in such a state as a reminder of the terrible war. The Berliners call the temple "Hollow Tooth", because of the appearance of the main tower, the dome of which has not been restored. The new building of the Kaiser Wilhelm Church is so modern look that it is not easy to guess a religious building in it.

It is noteworthy that the Stalingrad Madonna is kept in the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church - a picture painted on a field map by a German doctor and pastor who was in Stalingrad during the Battle of Stalingrad.

For a long time this work was kept in a private collection, and was donated to the church in 1983.

Address : Breitscheidplatz, 10789 Berlin

How to get there: Kurfürstendamm underground station (line U1 or U9)

Delightful, impressive, striking - all these definitions are about Berlin. The combination of architecture from different eras, modern wide avenues, narrow medieval streets, squares and gardens create a unique image of the city. Getting around the capital of Germany and getting to know Berlin in one day is almost impossible, but we hope that this article will help you replenish your travel experience and spend one truly exciting day in Berlin.

The most complete list of Berlin attractions will be much longer than the list of places on the map in a tourist guide.

Each of the tour operators' presentations on the topic "Sights of Berlin" is devoted to any one side of this city of contrasts. But here, the consequences of a long-term division into Eastern socialism and Western capitalism, the gloomy Empire architecture of the Reich, medieval heritage, museums and ultra-modern spaces mixed with quiet boulevards and shops coexist hand in hand.

Berlin least of all European capitals tourist-oriented, this city is reserved and opens to its guests without haste, getting to know it will take time.

Google Maps / google.ru

What to see first?

Of all the sights of Berlin, we can single out the main ones, those that are "on hearing" and the most interesting:

1. Reichstag.
2. Brandenburg Gate.
3. Berlin Wall.
4. Checkpoint Charlie.
5. Memorial Complex"Topography of Terror".
6. Memorial of Memory.
7. Treptow Park with a monument to a Russian soldier.
8. Memorial to Neue Wahe.
9. Church of Kaiser Wilhelm.
10. Cathedral.
11. Church of St. Nicholas.
12. Palace of Sophia Charlotte (Schlottenburg).
13. Fortress Spandau.
14. Museum Island.
15. Red Town Hall.
16. Ca De Ve department store.
17. Gendarmenmarkt square.
18. Berlin Opera.
19. Zoo.

What sightseeing tours are available?

Overview Bus tours very helpful around town. They give a general idea and help the traveler understand which of the sights in Berlin are more interesting to him. They also allow you to start navigating the city without checking every minute with a map of Berlin in Russian.

Reinhard Link / flickr.com

There are many buses in Berlin tourist routes from different companies. All of them have common characteristics:

• A full sightseeing tour lasts from 2 to 2.5 hours.
• Audio guide in all popular languages, there is also a Russian version.
• Routes run through all the interesting places in the city of Berlin.
• Buses stop near attractions, you can get in and out of them anywhere on the route any number of times.
• Buses leave every 10-20 minutes.

It is very convenient to drive completely once, noting along the way what you want to see in detail, and on the second trip you already get off the bus at right places.

George Rex / flickr.com

Among the sightseeing tours, in addition to introductory bus routes there are pedestrian and river. There are many tour operators on the streets, but two companies are the most optimal:

1. City Circle Tour Sightseeing - yellow buses.
2. Berlin Sightseeing Hop-On Hop-Off - red buses.

Inga Vitola / flickr.com

Each of them offers five main excursion routes and three mixed ones. A complete list of all the attractions listed in the travel guides covers all 5 lines of routes that can be traveled in one day.

Thus, Berlin can be seen immediately and as a whole, albeit superficially, and a more detailed acquaintance can be started the next day, already imagining where and why to go.

As for prices, the cost is slightly different, depending on the route chosen:

• adults - from 20 to 30 euros;
• children - from 7.5 to 20 euros;
• family - from 38 to 57 euros.

On all flights for children under 6 years old, free travel is provided, in addition, from time to time there are various promotions and discounts for VISA cardholders and there is a subscription for all routes of sightseeing buses, of course, from one company, valid for two days.

Dennis Jarvis/flickr.com

You can get on the bus and buy a ticket from the driver at any of the stops, nominally excursions start from:

1. Brandenburg Gate.
2. Berlin Wall Memorial.

River sightseeing tours along the Spree are also very informative and with their help you can see the "other" Berlin - bridges, gardens, parks. Boat trips are provided by the Berlin City Tour company, routes and schedules change every season, but on any of the buses, along with a ticket, a tourist will be given an advertising brochure telling about river city tours in English and German, with an address and a small diagram of how to get to berths.

Pascal Volk/flickr.com

If you drive along all the routes offered by any of the operators, you can see more than 50 main sights of Berlin, which is quite difficult to do on your own using the subway and land transport, when you are in this city for the first time.

You can view possible excursions and book tickets for them on the portals and.

What else to see?

After getting acquainted with the sights that are considered the main ones, it is worth seeing the other side of Berlin by visiting:

• Museum of Decorative and Applied Arts in the Köpenick Palace - the building was built in the 16th century on the site of a Slavic fortress, on an island in the middle of the river. In front of it is a square where concerts, small shows on the water and fairs are held in the summer. Opening hours from 10:00 to 17:00, from Thursday to Sunday. The ticket costs 4 euros. Address - Schlossinsel, 1. The easiest way to get from anywhere in the center of Berlin is by trams 27, 60, 62, 68 to the Schloßplatz Köpenick stop or by metro to the Spindlersfeld station.
• Alexanderplatz Square - named after the Russian Emperor Alexander I. Until the 17th century, there was a large city cattle market and a place of execution for criminals from the common people. Today there are many hotels, shops, cafes and here is the pride of modern Berlin - the TV tower. This square has the most delicious hot dogs and burgers in Berlin. You can get there by any public transport - metro, tram or buses passing through the center to the Alexanderplatz stop. And from here it is convenient to travel to the neighborhood with the same-name station located here. railway station.
• TV tower - the main advantage of the tower for tourists - the presence observation deck and a revolving restaurant. Height - 368 meters. The rise is carried out by two high-speed elevators. The Berlin TV Tower can be visited from 9:00 to 24:00 from March to October and from 10:00 to midnight in the rest of the months. Ticket price - 12 euros, for children and adolescents under 16 years old - 7.5 euros. The tower is located in the very center of Berlin, on Alexanderplatz.
• Potsdamer Platz - Potsdamer Gate once stood here, there was a city park and houses of venerable burghers. During the war, bombers completely destroyed this part of the city. Now there are tall modern buildings, shops, cafes. The Sony Cente is located here with a cinema museum, large cinemas that host Berlin film festivals, a musical theater and the remains of the Berlin Wall. You can get here by metro or by bus routes 41, 48, 85 marked "M" to the Potsdamer Platz stop.
• The Wax Museum is the German branch of the famous Madame Tussauds. There are many heroes in the exposition, but the figures of Hitler, Marlene Dietrich and Johnny Depp attract the most attention of tourists. Entrance costs 20 euros. The museum is located on the boulevard Unter den Linden - the most famous street Berlin. Here are the Palace of the Crown Princes, the Zeikhgauz (Arsenal) and much more. You can get there by metro - you need to get off at one of the stations Brandenburger Tor, Französische Strasse or Friedrichstrasse. Or on buses - 100 or 200 to the stops of the same name.

Reinhard Link / flickr.com

Being in Berlin in winter, on Christmas Eve, when the whole of Germany looks like a fairy tale, you should definitely take a walk in the city parks, it is in them, and not on the streets, that the whole spirit of this holiday is concentrated. Among the parks, the most famous are:

1. Botanical Garden.
2. Alleys of the boulevard Unter den Linden.
3. Tiergarten.

Finding them is very easy; on the Berlin metro map, the names of the necessary stations correspond to the names of the parks.

Video: Germany, sights of Berlin.

What is useful to know?

Street food in Berlin - hot dogs, shawarma, burgers and currywurst cost an average of 2 euros per serving. The prices in the cafe are quite affordable, you can have lunch for 10-12 euros, but a dinner for two in a restaurant with alcohol will cost at least 58 euros.

A cup of coffee costs from 2.5 to 5 euros, a bottle of water - 1.3 euros, a mug of draft German beer - 3-4 euros.

Travel both in the subway and in land transport, paid according to zones:

• A - city center - 2.8 euros for adults and 1.7 euros for children;
• B - remote areas - 3.1 euros for adults, 2.2 euros for children;
• C - neighborhoods, suburbs and nearby towns - 3.4 euros for adults and 2.5 for children.

On any metro map, zones and prices are marked very clearly, as well as on bus and bus maps. tram routes available at every stop. Tram is the most cheap look transport, but it is not available everywhere. The fare is from 1.2 to 2.8 euros.

Children under 6, disabled people and small pets travel free in Berlin.

A single daily pass for all modes of transport will cost from 7 to 8.7 euros, depending on the zone, a monthly pass will cost from 81 to 100.5 euros.

It is most advantageous for a tourist to purchase a Berlin City Tour Card - a special travel card and a discount card for travelers. The card for a period of 2 to 6 days will cost from 16.7 to 41.70 euros and will entitle you to a discount of 15 to 30% on entry to 10 of the most interesting sights in Berlin.

There is a Berlin Welcome Card - this tourist card includes only travel and a discount on visiting the Museum Island. The cost varies from 20 to 46 euros, the validity period is from 2 to 6 days.

Jorge Franganillo / flickr.com

Taxis are an expensive and not very convenient mode of transport, as Berlin has a very busy traffic on the roads. And the cost of downtime is 25 euros per hour, while traffic jams are downtime.

When planning to go on a trip, it makes sense to mark in advance the interesting sights of Berlin on the map. Find out the most convenient way to get to them and pay attention to whether the selected museum provides an audio guide with a translation into Russian or not.