Rome to visit. What is the best way to build a walking route. Pantheon or Temple of All Gods

The history of the Eternal City goes back centuries and is striking in its versatility. Hundreds of architectural monuments, parks, and residential buildings themselves allow the tourist to take an excursion into the times of the great Roman Empire, and the Renaissance and Classicism, and get to know the modern bustling metropolis: from its origins to the present day. Each time, leaving Rome, there is a feeling of “not enough ...”: overlooked, overlooked, heard. It seems that no matter how much you come here, there will always be unseen sights, unexplored streets and unheard legends of the old city.

When planning a trip, you need to correctly understand the scale of this city-museum. Considering a few days of stay, you can think over and build routes that allow you to get a comprehensive experience. We will tell you what you can see on your own in Rome in four days.

It is worth spending your first day in Rome exploring the historic part of the city. The main attractions that have survived from the period of Antiquity are located quite compactly. And perfect for walking. It is better to start the program from the Colosseum, moving from which you can sequentially see other buildings.

Coliseum

Looking at the tourist map of the central, historical part of Rome, one immediately gets the feeling of its huge size and complexity. But this is far from true. Main Attractions ancient city are located compactly, and acquaintance with the old city fits perfectly into the hiking routes. The start for our route of the first day, of course, will be the symbol of Ancient Rome - the Colosseum.

The easiest way to get to the Colosseum is by metro "B" (blue line), the station is called COLLOSSEO. By the way, about the subway. The schemes of the Roman metro are very simple, the names of the stops are clear, but the stations themselves are unremarkable. Subway tickets are purchased from vending machines, and the cost of one trip is 1.5 €.

You will see the majestic antique building immediately when you come to the surface of the station. Here it is simply impossible to be deceived by expectations: the Colosseum is beautiful and unusual. To get inside, you need to purchase a ticket. Arriving here in the morning, you will be just lucky, as the queue of those wishing to touch the great will consist of only a couple of hundred people. For comparison, during the day you can spend three or four hours in line.

For convenience, tourists are offered to purchase single ticket(€12). It includes a visit not only to the Colosseum, but also to two more architectural complexes: the Roman Forum and the Palatino. By the way, such a ticket is sold in addition to the entrance near the Colosseum, but also at the box office from the side of Via di San Gregorio, near Palatino Hill (there is always less line here). Visiting the main ancient complexes is possible daily from 9 am until dark.

The Colosseum impresses not only with its scale, but also with the thoughtfulness of the layout. An uncountable number of exits allowed at one time 50 thousand spectators to leave the Colosseum in 5-10 minutes. The Roman Forum will meet you with a cemetery of destroyed columns and ruins of temples. Only the imagination will help here, which will take you to the ancient world with the Arch of Titus, the Basilica of Maxentius, the Senate Chamber, the Temple of Vesta, and the Sacred Via Sacra.

Basilica of Saint Clement

To the east of the Colosseum is the ancient architectural complex, which has all the features of the early Christian church. The first basilica was buried in a conflagration. The Norman raid on Rome in the twelfth century was dyed red. Surprisingly, even the fire could not destroy some of the frescoes left from the first church. Even today they have not lost their liveliness of colors - a broken stained-glass window of details from the life of St. Clement.

True, the style of decoration of the frescoes is unusual - it resembles the comics that are popular today, only the phrases uttered by the characters are far from the canons of high language - vulgarism and vernacular. Entrance to the basilica is free, but only to the upper level. A ticket to the lower levels will cost 5 €, but not for descending the stairs, but for diving under the vaults of the third century - the ancient temple of Mithra with a marble altar.

Basilica of San Pietro in Viconi

The church appeared in Rome in the fifth century. It was here that a unique artifact was kept for a long time - the chains with which St. Peter was bound. They were brought from Jerusalem at one time. True, today it is known mainly due to the fact that Julius II was buried in the local crypt. Since that moment, the architectural vector of the basilica has changed dramatically: an arched gallery, a marble floor, a wooden ceiling - this has become an excellent backdrop for the creations of Michelangelo Buanarroti, who not only painted the church, but also created an amazing sculptural composition "Moses".

Like many tourist sites Rome, the basilica is located near the Colosseum. You can get here using the metro - Colosseo and Cavour stations on line B. Or by bus to the Colosseo or Cavour- Annibaldi stops.

Triumphal Arch of Titus

The very phrase "Arc de Triomphe" involuntarily evokes associations with a similar monument in Paris, but if you want to see a really great building, you should definitely go to Rome. The triumphal arch of Titus is one of the two arches of the Forum Square that have survived to this day - a cemetery of ancient columns. Both arches were built in the first century AD. The Parisian arch and many similar monuments are imitations on the theme of an ancient original.

Its architectural appearance is quite modest - it is decorated with three statues and reliefs in the passage of the arch, but real solemnity and nobility are easily read in this modesty. The height of the arch is relatively small - a little more than fifteen meters, but this monumental monument made of Pentel marble, brought from Attica itself, makes you freeze with delight.

Theater of Marcellus

In one tourist vector are attractions such as the Mouth of Truth, the Capitol, the Jewish Quarter and the Theater of Marcellus, which can be reached on foot from the Circo Massimo station. This is perhaps one of the most significant buildings in Italy. It adorns the right bank of the Tiber. The Theater of Marcellus is the direct predecessor of the notorious Colosseum. Its construction was carried out on an unprecedented scale, which is not surprising, because the project itself was developed by Julius Caesar, and Octavian Augustus took up the implementation.

Today, the theater of Marcellus is a somewhat grotesque structure: the arches of the first tier are well preserved - festivals are held here today, the second tier is more destroyed, and instead of the third tier you will find buildings of the twelfth century and more modern residential buildings.

Roman forum

The Roman Forum is the stronghold of the historical part of the city. The former market, on the territory of which the public, commercial and political life of Rome was once concentrated, is today a kind of square around which pagan temples were once located. Thanks to the excavations three centuries The Roman Forum has managed to acquire its current cultural status.

Now it is he who is centripetal, around which the Capitol is located, sacred road, Temple of Saturn and other monuments. You can get here through Foley Imperiali Street, from the side of the Capitol, or past the Temple of Concord and the Mamertine Prison. The entrance ticket to the territory will cost 12 €. Additionally, you can purchase an audio guide for 4€.

Golden House of Nero

Among the European sites that claimed the status of a royal residence, the Golden House of Nero was considered the largest. Its construction is directly related to the events of 64 years, when most of Rome was destroyed in a fire. Today, scientists are still arguing about the size of the territory that adjoined this residence. For a better understanding, suffice it to say that its size is equivalent to the territory of the Champs-Elysées, the Louvre and the Tuileries combined.

The center of this “little world” was, in fact, the palace, which got its name due to the presence of a gilded dome that crowned the building. The palace was built on a grand scale - in the entrance hall alone, a modest 36-meter statue of Nero was quite organically located. It should be borne in mind that only the ruins of the Golden House itself, decorated with frescoes, remained from the former scope. Many underground rooms survived. A visit to this place will cost 16€.

capitol square

The history of this place is directly related to the name of Michelangelo, who at one time actively created projects for the reconstruction of the city, some of which he managed to implement. The most significant of his creations are on the Capitoline Hill. capitol square, which, thanks to the efforts of this brilliant master, acquired a trapezoidal shape, is one of them. This beautiful symmetrical ensemble is richly decorated with bas-reliefs, inscriptions and sculptural groups.

It is worth bearing in mind that the Capitoline was really significant even before it became the focus of Michelangelo's work. From ancient times, the voices of imperial heralds sounded here, people's meetings and ceremonies were held. According to legend, it was here that Emperor Augustus heard the prophecy about the birth of Christ. The triumph of antiquity - these are the words that come to mind when you see Capitoline Square.

Forum of Trajan

The construction of the forum is associated with the name of Emperor Trajan, who decided to build it after a stunning victory over the Daikir kingdom. Some see this gesture as an attempt to eclipse the glory of the campaign of Alexander the Great, but whatever the reasons, Trajan's forum became the largest building of such a plan of all that existed at that time. Art historians still speak admiringly about the structure of the forum: a graceful curve triumphal arch turns into a colonnade with plenty of seating. The building is roofed.

Among the most striking elements of the forum are the Ulpia Basilica and Trajan's Marble Column, completely entwined with bas-reliefs that have historical authenticity. The great emperor himself is buried under this column. It is impossible to miss the forum of Trajan - it is located in the area of ​​the Palazzo Valentini and Piazza Venezia. It is best to go here at dawn - there is less chance of being buried under an avalanche of enthusiastic tourists.

Trajan's Market

This market is also a component of the forum. In essence, it is something like shopping center in antique format. To raise the authority of the empire and demonstrate its wealth, Trajan ordered the opening of 150 shops and workshops, which were supposed to go towards the square, not the city. This design is called "windows".

In addition to retail outlets, taverns and taverns were located here. Gradually, the size of the market increased, and soon it grew to five floors. Today, on the site of the former market, there is a large museum dedicated to the Roman Forums. Its visit will cost 14 €, but you should understand that with this ticket you can also visit a number of other museums and exhibitions.

Second day

Plan the second day of your visit to Rome as a walking day, saturating you with new impressions of antiquity and restoring after an active previous route.

Piazza del Popolo

It is not surprising that this building was once called the "People's Square". It is still one of the most popular venues in Rome today. Piazza del Popolo is easily recognizable due to the presence of identical churches and the obelisk of Flaminius at first glance. In the evenings, many representatives of modern art trends and young people who want to spend time colorfully gather here. But this impression of an eternal holiday is fleeting for this place. Once upon a time, the city guillotine was installed here.

Another unpleasant fact is connected with the history of the square. The infamous emperor Nero was buried in Piazza del Popolo, but the dislike of the people towards him was not canceled with his death. There were rumors that the evil spirit of the tyrant did not rest. The decomposing body was thrown into the river. And at the burial site they built one of the twin churches, which in fact are not. One of them forms an oval, and the second circle in the perimeter.

Via del Corso

After walking along Piazza del Popolo, do not rush to leave. It is better to continue walking and find yourself on one of the most unusual streets in Rome - Via del Corso, which connects Piazza del Popolo with Piazza Venezia. What is unique about this street? Everything is quite simple: it is one of the oldest in the Eternal City, but it is also the most favored by modern shopaholics.

The historical buildings house numerous boutiques and cafes that offer quality products at liberal prices for Rome. Paradoxically, the concentrated spirit of antiquity is in perfect harmony with the lively side of the modern metropolis.

spanish stairs

In fact, the Spanish Steps could very well be French. It is difficult to say whether in this case we would have seen the solemn baroque in the travertine of 138 steps, or whether this monument would have looked completely different. One thing is for sure - the victory of the Spanish diaspora made it possible to give birth to one of the most beautiful monuments of this type in Europe. The Spanish Steps are especially beautiful in the spring, when the azalea is filled with a delicate color.

It is noteworthy that the staircase has a different width along its entire length. To climb it, you need to get off at the Spagna metro station, from which you can easily reach Piazza di Spagni, the square where the base of the stairs is located. At the very top is the Church of the Holy Trinity, where you can also look, if only for the sake of the elegance of the figure of Christ, created by Daniele da Volterra.

Trevi Fountain

What to do to be sure to return to Rome again? It's simple: take a coin, stand with your back to the Trevi Fountain and throw it into the water. Did you hear the splash? Great, your chance to return to the Eternal City has skyrocketed. A fountain adorns the space in front of the Palazzo Poli. This pompous building was created according to the sketches of Bernini himself, who became famous as a theatrical sculptor. Today, the Trevi Fountain is considered a classic place of pilgrimage for tourists.

Everyone wants to see with their own eyes a large-scale composition, in the center of which is the lord of the seas Netun, holding the reins of a chariot-shell, to which sea horses are harnessed. A pleasant bonus to the fountain is the pool, which is extremely seductive in the Roman heat, and you can swim in it for only 200 € - this is the amount you will have to pay a fine if the desire to cool off overpowers.

Piazza Navona

Another crown of Bernini's creativity is the Fountain of the Four Rivers, which adorns Piazza Navona. Next to the fountain is the church of St. Agnes - a brilliant creation of Borromini. Many art historians still agree that these two monuments appeared as part of the rivalry between the two geniuses of Italian architectural thought.

Piazza Navona itself appeared long before this epic confrontation. It owes its unusual shape to Julius Caesar, who built a stadium here, later destroyed to create a market. During the French occupation, instead of market disputes, equestrian competitions were held here. However, the spirit of trade comes here hand in hand with the spirits of Christmas on the eve of the holidays, when a Christmas fair is set up here.

Pantheon

This pre-Christian building, erected to please all the Roman deities at once, in some incredible way managed to become a Christian temple. This ancient architectural object has been perfectly preserved, although it has lost its religious functions. The temple has an unusual layout - it has no windows. Light cascades from a nine-meter hole in the dome. This feature hides a metaphor for the unity of the Roman pantheon. Look amazing interior halls in winter, when snowflakes fly into the “window”, forming fabulous swirls.

Initially, the Pantheon was decorated with statues of the main deities. They were arranged in such a way that during the year - with the displacement of the Earth - the light alternately fell on each of them. Today they have been replaced by eighteenth-century art. Entrance to the Pantheon is free. To get here, you need to get off at the Barberini metro station.

The third day

Devote this day to the Vatican, the city-state located in the heart of Rome. To enter the territory of a state within a state, you need to cross the border marked with a white line on the square in front of the main cathedral of the Catholic Church. In a single stream, tourists often do not even notice it. You can get to the entrance to the main square of the Vatican by any transport, including sightseeing buses (they all stop at St. Peter's Square). If you choose to travel by metro, then it should be line "A" to the Ottaviano-S stops. Pietro or Cipro-Musei Vaticani, from which the Vatican is 10 minutes on foot.

The Vatican Museum Fund is so huge that it may take more than one day for a complete inspection. The Vatican itself is a true museum, adorned with works by masters such as Michelangelo and da Vinci. Among all the complexes of the Vatican, the most important are museums dedicated to historical realities - especially much attention is paid to the Egyptian civilization - and various objects of art, starting from the Middle Ages.

Locations such as Raphael's Stanzas, the Borgia Apartments, the Vatican Library and the Tapestry Gallery enjoy continued popularity. In fact, to visit all these museums, it is enough to buy a general ticket worth 16€.

Saint Paul's Cathedral

The epicenter of the Catholic world is St. Peter's Basilica, rising to the dome of which you can see a stunning panorama of ancient Rome. The first - very modest - basilica appeared on the site of the cathedral in the fourth century. It was unremarkable until, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, an unexpected decision was made to reconstruct it. The dimensions of the modern cathedral are so huge that the largest cathedrals can easily fit under its arches. Eastern world- right on the floor there are corresponding marks showing the contours of the alleged cathedrals.

To enumerate all the brilliant masters who in different times worked on the appearance of the cathedral, it will take more than one hour. Entrance to the cathedral is free, but in order to climb the observation deck you will have to pay 8€ for the elevator or 6€ for wanting to climb the stairs. But you need to be careful with your desires - there are exactly five hundred steps, and the passage itself is hardly fifty centimeters.

Bridge Vittorio Emanuele II

This massive three-arch structure connects the Vatican and historical Center the eternal city. It is named after the first king of Italy. Its length is more than a kilometer, and its width reaches about twenty meters. It offers a beautiful view of the Tiber and the city hanging over the river. The sculptural decoration of the bridge is really rich and allegorical - just see the sculptural group depicting unity and freedom.

Castel Sant'Angelo

The construction of the castle began in 135, and therefore it is not surprising that for nearly two thousand years of its existence, the castle was rebuilt several times. He managed to change his status more than once. At different times, there was an archive, a prison, a tomb, the residence of the Popes. Today there is a museum of military history.

The castle got its modern name in the sixth century, when another outbreak of the plague occurred in Rome. Gregory the Great, who was then Pope, saw the Archangel Michael on the roof. Subsequently, a statue of a marble archangel was erected on the roof. When you walk through the halls of the fortress, pay attention to the small holes in the walls, which were the prisoners' cells. The entrance ticket costs 10€.

Bridge of the Holy Angel

The Bridge of the Holy Angel is located just upstream of the Tiber. He is one of the oldest pedestrian bridges Rome. The bridge was built in parallel with the Castel Sant'Angelo. Outside it is lined with marble. Initially, there were no sculptures on the bridge, but in the Middle Ages, a tradition arose to hang the bodies of executed criminals there. At the same time, sculptural compositions depicting saints appeared here, and after that Bernini added a dozen statues of angels to the bridge.

Palace of Justice

On the very bank of the Tiber there is an enchanting building of the Palace of Justice. Its construction took about twenty years. It is noteworthy that the place of its erection was chosen quite symbolically - on the former Hanged Man's Hill, where, in fact, death sentences were carried out. This palace has become perhaps the most large building Rome, but it seemed to the city authorities that this was not enough.

Citizens had to unite to save the surrounding buildings from destruction. If you have any difficulty finding the Palace of Justice, focus on the Napoleon Museum, which is located directly on the opposite bank of the Tiber.

Fourth day

On the last day of your stay in Rome, you can continue your walking tour on a sightseeing bus, having previously determined the stops for yourself. Alternatively, carry out "point" sorties. Decide.

This most interesting historical complex was built by decree of the emperor Caracalla at the beginning of the millennium. The once huge building was covered with a massive dome, inside there were halls for gymnastics, massages, pools with hot and cold water, and even libraries. Aristocrats and nobility took baths here until the 5th century. At the time of the raid of the next barbarians, who blocked the aqueducts of the city in order to starve the population with thirst, the baths were abandoned. Again, they started talking about at the time of random excavations carried out in the 16th century.

Nowadays, in summer time at the western wall of the Baths of Caracalla, a huge stage is being built for concerts of opera singers and ballet performances. To visit the baths of Caracalla are open on any day from 9 am until the end of daylight hours, except Mondays, when the baths are open only until lunch. Entrance fee - 6 €.

From the pages of school textbooks, we all know the main road leading to Rome. Merchants, pilgrims, legionnaires passed along the Appian Way. Today, this ancient "highway" is a cluster of attractions. The appearance of such a number of monuments in this place is associated with the ban on burying the dead within the walls of the city. This prohibition applied to all Romans, and therefore burials were carried out along the main Roman route. Impressive tombstones, magnificent statues and monuments accompany the road for many kilometers. Big interest tourists call catacombs with burial niches, which sometimes go several meters underground.

The most convenient way to get to the Appian Way is the Archeological trambus, a special sightseeing bus. Pick-up point from Piazza Cinquecento (Termini). It runs every half an hour, the ticket is 12 €.

At the gates of San Sebastiano, a milestone marks the beginning of the old road. Here you will see fortifications, bastions and you can visit the Museo delle Mura (ticket -3€). Further, towards Caffarella Park, it is better to continue the journey on a bicycle, which can be rented near Domine-Quo-Vadis. A sign at the fork will show you the direction of travel towards the medieval farm and park. The street you continue down will later take you back to the Via Appia. And now the most interesting thing awaits you, the cemetery of San Callisto. These are ancient underground burials of Roman bishops, consisting of five tiers. They are open to visitors all days except Wednesday, from morning to 12 noon, then from 14:30 to 17:45. Entrance ticket - 5 €.

Continuing along the Appian Way, you will also be able to visit the catacombs of San Sebastiano and the Basilica of San Sebastiano, which receives visitors every day except Sunday, from morning to 12 noon and in the afternoon, from 14:30 to 17:00. The cost of visiting is 5 €.

At the end of the route, your eyes will see the remains of the temple of Romulus and the arena, which has been perfectly preserved to this day, which accommodated about 10 thousand spectators in its stands.

Days spent in Rome will make you convinced that this is a city of long walks, a city of unforgettable, lively images and vivid impressions. He beckons to himself again and again, promising to reveal the secrets of history to you again.

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Rome Attractions - Top 10 Places to Visit

No matter how hard you try, you will not be able to grasp the immensity. There are so many interesting things in Rome, and as always there is not enough time. The only thing that can be advised to do in such a situation is not to rush and determine for yourself. Choose the most interesting sights of Rome that you have long dreamed of seeing and enjoy the beauty of this city. I want to present you 10 sights of Rome, as an option for reflection.

Rome Attractions - Vatican

Rome Attractions - Piazza Navona

Piazza Navona

The most famous square in Rome, it is also called the "heart of Rome". There are two churches on this square, one of which is the church of St. Agnes, 1652. And the second church of Santa Maria - del - Sacro - Cuore is a titular church, located opposite the Palazzo Pamphili, which was built in the XII century. Also on the square there are three fountains: the Fountain of the Moor, in the southern part of the square; fountain of Neptune, in the northern part of the square; Fountain of the Four Rivers, in the center of the square. The Fountain of the Four Rivers, is the work of Bernini, and is an Egyptian obelisk surrounded by statues symbolizing the main rivers of the world: the Danube, Nile, Ganges and La Plata. There are several palaces on the square: Palazzo Braschi, built in 1792; Palazzo Pamphili, built in 1650; Palazzo Torres Lanchelotti, built in 1552; Palazzo de Culis, built between 1450 - 1520. There are also two museums here - the ruins of an ancient stadium and the Museum of Rome, dedicated to the medieval and modern life of Rome, which is located in the Palazzo Braschi.

Rome Attractions - Spanish Steps

spanish stairs

This is a grand baroque staircase, which consists of 138 steps. The staircase starts from the Spanish Square and leads to the top of the Pincio hill to the church of Trinita dei Monti. This staircase was built by the little known architect Francesco de Sanctis between 1723 and 1725, and bears official name Scalinata di Trinit? dei Monti, which literally means "staircase to Trinita dei Monti", although the people simply called it the Spanish Steps, and it has nothing to do with Spain. At the foot of the stairs is spanish square with a fountain in the form of a boat "Barkaccha".

Rome Attractions - Roman Forum

Roman forum

Perhaps I should have written a whole post about this place, maybe later I will. And in this, I will tell you very briefly. The Roman Forum is the center of Ancient Rome, the square with the buildings adjacent to it. On the square are located: the Temple of Saturn - one of the oldest temples in Rome, the Temple of the Dioscuri, the Temple of Vesta, the Temple of Venus and Roma, the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, the Temple of Caesar, the Temple of Vespasian, the Temple of Concordia, the Sanctuary of Venus - Cloacina. Arches: the arch of Titus, the arch of Septimius Severus and the arch of Teberia. Basilicas: The Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine is the most large building Roman Forum, Basilica Julia, Basilica Aemilia. As well as other buildings: "Navel of the City", Regia, Rostra, Curia Julia, Tabularium, "Golden Milestone", Lapis Niger, House of Vestals, the main road Roman Forum, Phocas Column, Mamertine Prison, Vulcanal, Curtia Lake, Yuturna Spring, Agrippa Warehouses. There were also buildings on the forum that have not survived to this day: the Temple of Janus, the Temple of Jupiter Stator, Comitium, Acre Augustus, the Basilica of Portia, the Basilica of Sepmronius, the equestrian statue of Domitian and warehouses of spices.

Rome Attractions - Capitol

Capitol

The Capitoline Hill is one of the seven hills on which the city of Rome arose. Here is the Capitoline Church, which is also called the Capitol, where meetings of the Senate and people's meetings took place. Capitol Hill is the smallest of the seven hills, located near south coast the Tiber River, and reaches 46 meters above sea level. At the top of the hill stands the church of Santa Maria in Araceli, which can be reached by climbing stairs from the 122nd degree. At the base of this staircase, the ruins of a Roman insula have been preserved. From the side exit of the church you can get directly to Kapitolskaya Square. The ascent to Capitol Square is crowned or, as it were, guarded by two statues of Castor and Pollux. The entire Capitoline Square was designed by the well-known Michelangelo.

Sightseeing in Rome - Vittoriano

Vittoriano

This is a grandiose monument built in honor of the first king of united Italy, Victor Immanuel II. It is located on Venetian Square on the slopes of Capitol Hill. This is perhaps one of the most amazing attractions in Rome. A wide chic staircase leads directly to the Altar of the Fatherland and the Unknown Soldier, where the ashes of the unknown soldier who gave his life for the Motherland in the Great War of 1915-1918 are buried. There is a permanent guard of honor at this place. Above the chapel there is a statue of Rome in a niche, a bas-relief by Gianelli on the left and right, and fountains on both sides of the main staircase.

Pantheon

This is a temple dedicated to all the gods on Earth, a monument of centric-domed architecture from the dawn of the Roman Empire, built in the 2nd century. Latin inscription on the front of the building "M. AGRIPPA L F COS TERTIUM FECIT" literally translates as "Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, elected consuls for the third time, erected this." In general, the Pantheon is the greatest engineering achievement of the ancient world. This architectural creation is located in Piazza della Rotonda. This brick, concrete building is covered with a hemispherical dome 43 meters in diameter. This dome consists of circles that are easy to calculate, and with the walls it forms a single shell, which forms the inner space. One of the features of the Pantheon is a hole in the roof, through which an obvious light pillar penetrates at noon, with a south orientation. Light does not spread, but remains in the form of a beam that you can almost touch.

Rome Attractions - Colosseum

The Flavian Amphitheater is one of the largest arenas of Ancient Rome, an architectural monument. This building was built over almost eight years in the period from 72 to 80 years and is considered a collective building of the emperors of the Flavian dynasty. located in a hollow between the Palatine, Caelievsky and Exvilinsky hills, in the place where there once was a pond that belonged to the Golden House of Nero. Today it is considered a symbol of Rome and one of the most popular tourist sites in the world. And in 2007 he was included in the list of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

Sights of Rome - Castel Sant'Angelo

Castel Sant'Angelo

Castel Sant'Angelo is another architectural monument Rome. It was first a tomb, then a castle, then the residence of the popes and the repository of their valuables and at the same time a prison, and now it is an architectural monument and a museum. This building, which stood for almost two thousand years, was repeatedly rebuilt. Therefore, here you can find traces of different eras. The castle has a spiral gallery, papal apartments, the Angel's courtyard, the Hall of Justice, the courtyard of Alexander VI, the hall of Clement VII and VIII, the loggias of Paul III and IV, as well as the library, the Hall of Treasures and the Secret Archive. From the terrace of the castle opens great view to Rome.

Rome Attractions - Trevi Fountain

Trevi Fountain

The largest fountain in Rome, its dimensions are almost 26 meters high and almost 20 meters wide. The fountain was made in the Baroque style between 1732 and 1762 by the architect Salvi. The Trevi Fountain adjoins the Palazzo Poli. This majestic facade of the palace and the fountain are perceived as a whole, so the whole structure seems even grander. Many believe that if you throw one coin into the fountain, you will definitely return to Rome, two coins will certainly meet your love, and if three, then there will be a wedding. Every year, utilities "catch a fish" at a cost of up to 700,000 euros. Be sure to visit the Trevi Font to throw a coin, then you will definitely return to this "Eternal" city.

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Rome occupies a special place among European capitals. It is a symbolic city, a primary source city where Western civilization originated. The mighty Roman Empire, which subjugated the entire Mediterranean, began right here - on the banks of the Tiber River. Historical and cultural heritage Rome is priceless, architectural and cultural masterpieces await tourists at every step.

Rome is the legendary Colosseum and the treasures of the Vatican Museums, the historic ruins of the Capitol and the magnificent facades of baroque villas. The whole city can be viewed as a museum under open sky, on its streets and squares lives the history of three thousand years of development of civilization, thought, art and culture.

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What to see and where to go in Rome?

The most interesting and Beautiful places for walks. Photos and a short description.

The main arena of Ancient Rome, a theater for gladiator fights, persecution of captives by wild animals and other no less bloody performances of the annual Games of the capital of the Empire. In honor of the opening of the Colosseum in 80 AD. the Great Games were arranged, which lasted more than 3 months. The ancient stones of the Arena still remember the gladiators killed for the amusement of the public and the slaves from the occupied provinces torn to pieces for pleasure.

Construction of the II century BC, "temple of all gods" in Greek. The Pantheon was created during the period of the highest flowering of ancient Roman architecture. For many centuries, pagan gods were worshiped under the dome of the building, until at the beginning of the 7th century the Pantheon was turned into a Christian temple. The building has survived to this day in good condition thanks to numerous restorations that began before the advent of our era.

City-state, stronghold and main bastion of the Catholic Church, the residence of the Pope. In total, about 800 people are citizens of the Vatican, mostly priests and church employees. The Vatican is famous for its museums, which contain outstanding collections of paintings, sculptures and applied arts. This is a real treasure trove of mankind. Also, tourists are attracted by the main Catholic church - St. Peter's Cathedral.

St. Peter's Cathedral is spiritual center Catholic branch of Christianity. Here the Pope himself conducts festive masses. The temple arose on the site of the former circus of Nero in the 4th century. At first it was a small basilica where the relics of the Apostle Peter were kept. In the 15th century it was rebuilt into a grandiose building. Raphael, Michelangelo, Peruzzi, Maderno and others worked on St. Peter's Cathedral. In front of the temple is a wide square with a colonnade of 284 Doric columns.

Memorial architectural complex of the 18th-19th centuries. in honor of King Victor Emmanuel, the first ruler of a united Italy. On the site in front of the monumental palace, the Eternal Flame burns and a guard of honor is on duty. The inhabitants of Rome are not too fond of this bulk of white marble, because they believe that it does not fit into the architecture of the city. Some Romans refer to Vittoriano as a ridiculous "wedding cake".

The construction began to be built in the era of the Roman Empire in the 2nd century AD. During its existence, it served as a papal dwelling, prison, warehouse and even a tomb. Today, the fortress houses the Military History Museum. The castle got its name in the 6th century AD. after the image of the Archangel Michael appeared to Pope Gregory. Directly from the castle across the Tiber River thrown picturesque bridge, which was built under the emperor Hadrian. On the bridge it was possible to get to the Champ de Mars by the shortest route.

The very heart of Ancient Rome, where important state and social events took place - the fate of laws was decided, consuls were elected, the triumphs of emperors took place after victorious wars. After the fall of the Empire, the forum was destroyed and devastated, and time did its work, so only fragments have survived to this day. The remains of the forum are included in the protected archaeological zone where the open-air museum operates.

The forum appeared at the turn of II-I centuries. BC. In those days, it was a large square surrounded by a market, the temple of Emperor Trajan, Greek and Latin libraries. The 38-meter column of Trajan made of Carrara marble has survived to our time. Inside the column is the tomb of the emperor himself and his wife. Trajan's Forum is the last building of its type built in Rome.

Remains of ancient Roman baths along the Appian Way. The culture of visiting the term was well developed in the Roman Empire. People came here to talk, learn the latest news or hold business negotiations. The Baths of Caracalla were built in the 3rd century AD. under the emperor Septimius Bassian Caracalla. Already in the 5th century AD. this architectural complex began to be considered a real wonder of the world. In addition to baths and pools, there was a library here.

The triumphal arch erected by Emperor Constantine in honor of the victory in civil war over the troops of his rival Marcus Aurelius Valery Maxentius. It was under Constantine that Christianity became the official religion (the ruler believed that God himself helped him come to power), the capital of the Empire was transferred to Constantinople, and Rome gradually began to lose its former power and decline.

One of the most ancient Christian churches, the first temple of Rome. In the church hierarchy, it is above all others, even above St. Peter's. The Catholic hierarchs awarded her the title of "basilica major", that is, "senior". She is recognized as "the head and mother of all churches." The temple appeared during the reign of Constantine under Pope Sylvester I in the 4th century AD. Six Popes are buried in the basilica and the relics of the Apostles St. Paul and St. Peter are kept.

Temple of the 4th century AD, erected on the burial site of the Apostle St. Peter, who was executed at the behest of Emperor Nero in the 1st century AD. The building was rebuilt several times under the emperors Theodosius I and Valentinian II. Almost every Catholic Pope has tried to contribute to temple complex something from itself, therefore, over time, San Paolo Fuori le Mura expanded in size and grew with new extensions.

One of the four main Catholic churches in Rome. It has a very high status in the ecclesiastical rank of cathedrals (the highest status is assigned to the Basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano). The foundation stone of Santa Maria Maggiore was laid in the middle of the 4th century. In the XIV century, a 75-meter bell tower appeared near the church. The facade, which has survived to this day, is a mixture of Romanesque and Baroque styles.

The main Jesuit temple in Rome, where the Grand Master Ignatius Loyola is buried. The first project of the temple was developed by Michelangelo, but the head of the order did not like it. In 1561, another architect, Giacomo Barozzi, began construction according to his own plan. Until the abolition of the Jesuit Order at the end of the 18th century, significant wealth was stored in the church of Il Gesu. The church building itself was taken away from the organization. Only after 1814 it was returned back.

Oval square in the central part of Rome, located on the site of the former circus of Domitian. Since the 16th century, ambassadors, cardinals, bankers and other wealthy representatives of society began to settle in this area. From the 15th century until the middle of the 19th century, there was a market here. In the middle of the square is the Fountain of the Four Rivers - a sculptural group with a deep symbolic meaning. In the middle of the composition rises an obelisk, symbolizing the power of the Pope. Around the obelisk are sculptures representing the rivers of four continents.

Freely translated into Italian language The name of this place sounds like "People's Square". Piazza del Popolo played an important role in the life of Rome, as the road to the northern provinces began from here. The square is decorated with the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo and the Egyptian obelisk of Ramses II. Mine modern look the piazza received at the beginning of the 19th century, the architect D. Valadier worked on it.

Palace of the XVI century, built for Cardinal Scipione Borghese on the site of former vineyards. The building is surrounded by a huge English-style park with numerous antique statues. On the territory there is a hippodrome, a zoo, a theater and several museums. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the mansion with the park belonged to the Borghese family, then all the property went to the state.

It is located on the hillside of Pincho on the site of the former gardens of Lucullus. In the middle of the 16th century, the territory near the hill became the possession of the Medici Cardinal, who built a villa-residence here for his family. After the extinction of the Medici dynasty, the house and surrounding lands were transferred to the Lorraine family. The Medici Cardinal acquired many works of ancient art to decorate the villa. Some examples can be admired in the Uffizi Gallery.

Numerous underground galleries and labyrinths that are located under the surface of Rome. Many pre-Christian burials have been found here, but the foundations of some of the underground passages were created in the era of early Christianity. The first associates of Jesus hid in these dungeons. Here they held religious rites, meetings, prayers without the danger of being discovered and caught.

It is believed that the building was erected in the 1st century BC. It served for burial purposes - here is the tomb of Praetor Gaius Cestius Epulus. The construction took place during the period of the conquest of Egypt, when the fashion for “ egyptian style". At that time, obelisks, sculptures and other monuments were taken out of the Nile Valley. The Pyramid of Cestius reaches a height of 37 meters and a width of almost 30 meters.

Ancient hippodrome between the Palatine and Aventine hills. In the era of the Roman Empire, chariot races were held here. Under Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar, the circus was rebuilt and grew to a fairly large size. More than 250 thousand people could watch the spectacle at the same time. In the spectator sector, lodges for patricians and standing places for plebeians were equipped.

One of the most important roads of the Roman Empire, which led from the Eternal City to the south of the Apennine Peninsula. The total length of the route is more than 500 km. The road began to be built in the 4th century. Due to the excellent quality of the pavement masonry, the Appian Way made it possible to quickly reach places remote from the capital or to transfer troops in a fairly short time. The roadbed has survived to this day in very good condition.

Italian baroque staircase in the center of Rome. It is recognized as one of the most picturesque in Europe. The stairs start at the Plaza de España and lead to Pincho Hill. The Plaza de España itself is a very expressive place, where it is always pleasant to stroll among the flowering flower beds. In the 17th century, the Spanish embassy was located here. As a sign of good relations between the two countries, the piazza was named after Spain.

Bright and colorful Roman quarter across the Tiber River. Here in the XVIII century BC. the Etruscan tribe settled, from which the history of the Eternal City began. In the era of the Empire, luxurious patrician villas stood here. In the area, many buildings and residential buildings for many hundreds of years, so they look very authentic and attractive to tourists. People continue to live in dilapidated houses.

The most famous Roman fountain of the 18th century, where every guest of the city is simply obliged to throw a coin for good luck. In a week, coins are thrown in the amount of several thousand euros. All money goes to a charitable foundation. sculptural composition The fountain consists of the figure of the sea god Neptune on a chariot and his companions. 16 architects fought for the right to work on the construction of the fountain.

Rome is one of the largest and oldest cities in the world. Sometimes Rome is called not only the capital of Italy, but of the whole world. The city is rich in beautiful architecture, mass interesting places and majestic sights. You should visit Rome more than once, because to see everything tourist places the capital of Italy in one trip is unlikely to succeed. Below is a list of the most famous attractions in Rome which are a must see.

The Colosseum is one of the main attractions of ancient Rome. The building is located in Piazza del Colosseo. Construction was carried out in the period from 72 to 80 years. Its height is 50 meters. At the time of its functioning, it accommodated more than 50,000 people. Several times the Colosseum was destroyed. The reason for this was 2 earthquakes and a major fire, resulting in the collapse of the outer and southern walls. It was after these events that the Colosseum acquired its modern dilapidated appearance, attracting all visitors to Rome today.

2. Capitol Hill

One of the seven hills on which it was founded Ancient Rome. Today, Capitol Hill can be safely called an open-air museum. On the territory of the Capitol, tourists are waiting for ancient statues, viewing platforms, several palaces and beautiful square designed by Michelangelo. Here you can visit the Capitoline Museum. This is a whole complex where ancient sculptures, figurines, paintings and other works of art are presented.

On the hill is the Palace of the Senators, also built according to the project of Michelangelo. Both sides of the palace offer magnificent views of the Forum. Walking along Capitol Hill can take all day, and during this period you can learn a lot of new and interesting things.

3. Plaza of Spain

Piazza di Spagna is located in the center of Rome, in the Campo Marzio area. She got her name because of the Spanish embassy located on it. The area is famous for several attractions. Her north side famous for the Spanish Steps, which has 138 steps and the Catholic Church of Trinita dei Monti, built in 1585. WITH south side the Palace of Spain is located, the construction of which dates back to 1620. It is noteworthy that the Plaza de España is the heart of the Roman fashion quarter. From here begins Via dei Condotti, where you can visit the most prestigious and fashionable shops in Rome.

4. Pantheon in Rome

The Pantheon is one of the most popular attractions in Rome, which every traveler also wants to see. This is the most majestic ancient domed building that has survived to this day. The Pantheon was built in 126 AD. by order of Emperor Hadrian. The building is a prominent representative of ancient Roman architecture.

The Pantheon in Rome has a rich interior decoration. The main feature of the structure is a hole in the roof, through which the inside of the building penetrates sunlight. At noon, a beautiful light column is formed, which every perfectionist will appreciate. Many famous Italian figures are buried in the Pantheon: Raphael, Victor Emmanuel II and Umberto I.

St. Peter's Square is the most major city. It houses a number of other attractive sights of Rome, the largest of which is St. Peter's Basilica. The square was designed by Giovanni Bernini in 1656-1667. It has an oval shape, and if you stand at certain points, an optical illusion can be created when the columns of the rows of the colonnade become in one line. The square also has two fountains. One designed by Alberto da Piacenza, the other by Carlo Maderna.

The forum is located in the central part of Rome. This is one of the favorite places for tourists and residents of the capital of Italy. For a long time it was a place for public gatherings. The attraction has an impressive size and includes a huge number of interesting buildings: Temples, Arches, Basilicas and more. The most famous building Roman Forum - Temple of Saturn. It was erected in 489 BC. This is one of the oldest temples in all of Italy, which is a must see in Rome.

The Sistine Chapel was founded in 1473-1481 according to the project of George de Dolci. Outwardly, this Roman landmark is a simple church building, but inside it is a real work of art. Today, the Sistine Chapel is a full-fledged museum and a pearl of the Renaissance. Inside the chapel, visitors can enjoy the masterpieces of such geniuses as Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli, Perugino, Domenico Ghirlandaio and many others. Sistine Chapel - heaven and mandatory seat destination in Rome for art lovers.

Santa Maria Maggiore is a Catholic church, one of the main basilicas of Rome. It was built in the 4th century. The church shows the outlines of different eras. It has an ancient layout, but its interior decoration dates back to the 18th century. Inside you can see many mosaics, frescoes, paintings and decorations. Santa Maria Maggiore is one of the most visited churches in Rome.

The largest Catholic cathedral in the Vatican, where every tourist in Rome also goes. Several generations of great masters worked on its creation. St. Peter's Cathedral includes 2 architectural directions: Renaissance and Baroque architecture. Inside the cathedral is no less beautiful than outside. Its interior is full of various statues, altars, tombstones, paintings and works of art. The cathedral is divided into several parts: the central nave, the right nave and the left nave. In each of them you can see the work of great masters.

The Baths of Caracalla is a well-known landmark of the city of Rome, which is a whole complex of huge boulders. Their construction was carried out from 212 to 217 BC. This is a truly majestic place that deserves the attention of tourists, which can be visited along the Appian Way, against the backdrop of picturesque nature.

11. Castel Sant'Angelo

The construction of this castle was carried out in the period from 135 to 139. Emperor Hadrian erected the building as a Mausoleum for the burial of emperors. However, later (during the period of the Roman popes) the building began to be used as a fortress from enemy raids. Today the castle is used as a military history museum. During its existence, the castle suffered numerous destructions and restorations. That is why it reflected architectural styles several epochs. Great place in Rome for history buffs!

12. Raphael's Stanzas

Raphael's stations - rooms located in papal palace Vatican. They present the best works of Raphael and his students, made in the form of frescoes. Raphael's stanzas are only part of the Vatican museum complex. The rooms are quite small, but they fascinate with their grandeur and beauty. The works are presented in 4 rooms: the Stanza della Senyatura, the Stanza d'Eliodoro, the Stanza del Incendio di Borgo and the Stanza Constantine. Raphael's Stanzas are deservedly one of the most interesting places in the Vatican.

13. Vatican Museum Complex

museum complex The Vatican was founded in 1506 and, along with the Capitoline Museums, is the oldest in Rome. The Vatican Museums have been operating for more than 500 years, so they feature works of art from different centuries. This is a real treasure visual arts. Today this complex bears the title of one of the richest museums in the world. The most popular attractions of the museum are the aforementioned Sistine Chapel and Raphael's Stations. In total there are 54 galleries here.

The largest library in Rome, called the Vatican Apostolic Library. Founded in 1475. The library has gone through many eras, which allowed it to become one of the richest in manuscripts and collections. The library is still growing today. At present, it has over 1,600,000 classical books, 150,000 manuscripts, 100,000 prints and maps, and so on. The attraction has a rich interior and spacious reading rooms. There are all conditions for a pleasant pastime with a book. From a huge number of works, you are sure to find something interesting.

15. Capitoline Museums

One of oldest museums world, founded in 1471 by decree of Pope Sixtus IV. Capitoline Museums erected in Rome famous square Piazza del Campidoglio, standing on the Capitoline Hill. Museums are located in three palaces: the Senator's Palace, the Renaissance Palazzo Conservatori and the New Palace of the 17th century. Each museum has spacious halls where you can see works from different eras. Here you can enjoy Renaissance and Baroque masterpieces, numerous statues and frescoes, as well as interesting archaeological finds. The main collections are presented in Palazza Nuovo and Palazzo dei Conservatori. With a rich history and unique collections, the Capitoline Museums are among the most visited in the world.

Rome is a wonderful city for lovers of art and culture. Almost everything in this city is saturated with centuries of history. In Rome, there are sights of various eras: from the time of the Empire to the Renaissance. Among all the attractions it is worth highlighting: catholic churches, rich palaces, interesting museums, libraries and much more. It is impossible to see all the sights of Rome in one week. That is why many tourists are not limited to one trip to this beautiful city. Having visited Rome once, you will definitely want to return there again.

Needless to say, a couple of days are not enough for Rome. But nevertheless, the most iconic places you can visit. The first thing that attracted my personal attention was the Colosseum.

Coliseum.

It not only delights and amazes with its size, but also paradoxically affects your imagination. Climbing its high steps, you literally plunge into a world that has disappeared completely today. There are only legends and ghosts. But what! Read the history of the opening of this incredible theater, and you will understand that it was not just an event in its time - but an event! For a hundred days they celebrated the completion of the construction of the Colosseum, for a hundred days it buzzed, enjoying the bloody spectacles: the executions of hundreds of criminals, battles with tigers and elephants, and gladiator fights. All this is easy to imagine, looking at the arena of incredible size, which, like a crater, seethed with human passions!

Forum.

It's next to the colosseum. Remains of a once great culture. Forum incredible place. Probably, in its strength, not inferior to the Colosseum. The center of life of Roman society. It's amazing how they didn't get ripped off! Such an organized beautiful life with temples, baths, markets, public buildings, offices and magistrates, courts, shops, basilicas. The valley between the three hills was made "a place for trade and common meetings." And at some point, all this turns into a huge quarry, from where everyone takes the necessary material. Someone needs to build a house, someone needs to lay down a fence. And what? Roman ruins in the economy is a necessary thing.

Trevi Fountain.
Those who have not seen him in the film "Dolce Vita" by Fellini cannot imagine what a tourist who suffers from beauty really wants to see. Clearly, a wet girl emerging from the waters of the fountain to the accompaniment of beautiful music. But what you see when you turn into a small square is still unexpected and beautiful. Even without the wet girl.

The fountain is huge for this place. Its dimensions could well compete adequately with the fountain-monument to the Girondins in Bordeaux. But there, Kincons Square is simply cosmically spacious. Here, the entire sculptural group literally rushes at you, barely holding back the horses. The sun illuminates the fountain, and it radiates from within with a soft pearl light. Although it did not work completely, this spectacle made a great impression on me. It was a very beautiful place.

Trastevere.

Quarter of old streets. What a pleasure to walk through these picturesque places! The real Italian life flows here: the accordion plays in the square, the tobacco shop is full of people! There are small cozy osteria, smells of coffee and fresh pastries. Here you can feel the breeze from the eternal Tiber and its bridges connect entire epochs!