Kremlin Rostov: description, history. State Museum-Reserve "Rostov Kremlin. Museum of Russian-Armenian Friendship. Useful information for tourists

In the old days architectural complex served as the bishop's (or metropolitan) court, that is, it was the residence of the first persons of the Rostov-Yaroslavl diocese. Later it was called the "Kremlin". This is a rather controversial designation, since the walls and towers that have survived to this day were not originally intended for defense. This is evidenced by too wide gates, as well as windows with platbands located on the towers. Nevertheless, the Bishop's Court was built in accordance with the traditions of Russian defense architecture, and therefore it is considered a monument of military architecture of the pre-Petrine period.

The territory of the Rostov Kremlin has the status of a museum-reserve and is divided into three parts. In the center is the bishop's courtyard, to the north of it is the cathedral square, and to the south is the picturesque metropolitan garden. The oldest building in the Rostov Kremlin is the Assumption Cathedral, which appeared here at the beginning of the 16th century. Most of other buildings belong to the second half of the 17th century. They were erected under Metropolitan Ion Sysoevich.

People come to Rostov not only to admire the architectural monuments. On the territory of the Kremlin there are about ten interesting museums telling about the history of the city, church relics and the famous Rostov enamel. In the museum halls you can see rare works of ancient Russian art, ancient icons and church utensils. And from the walls of the Kremlin open great views on city blocks and Lake Nero.

The architectural complex is focused on receiving tourists. Thematic and sightseeing tours. Here you can listen to concerts of bell ringing, take part in a bell-ringer's master class and attend a performance by a vocal ensemble. A hotel and a restaurant are open for travelers, as well as a museum cinema and a multimedia center.

History of the Rostov Kremlin

The construction of fortifications near Lake Nero began when Finno-Ugric tribes lived on its shores. IN X-XI centuries these lands were settled by the Slavs who came from the northwest. The center of their settlement was located where the Assumption Cathedral rises today.

The new inhabitants brought Christianity with them, and in 991 the first wooden church was built in the city. Until the beginning of the 13th century, the center of Rostov was a wooden settlement, fortified with earthen ramparts and ditches. Inside it stood the Assumption Cathedral and the monastery "Grigorevsky Gate" that appeared here at the beginning of the 13th century.

For a long time, the Rostov fortifications remained earthen and wooden. They could not provide sufficient defense against the enemy troops, but the city was located far from the borders, and neither the Crimean Tatars, nor the Swedes, nor the Lithuanians reached it, so there was no need to build a stone fortress.

When Russia was going through a difficult Time of Troubles, the city was plundered by the troops of False Dmitry. Metropolitan Philaret of Rostov was taken prisoner, and the ancient Assumption Cathedral was destroyed. By the middle of the 17th century, the fortifications were not in the best condition, so it was decided to build a large stone residence instead of them for the Rostov Metropolis.

Metropolitan Iona Sysoevich, who came to Rostov in 1664, became the inspirer and organizer of the large-scale construction. And after the death of Jonah, the work on the construction of the Kremlin was continued by his successor, Metropolitan Joasaph. Beautiful architectural ensemble built in about 30 years. All temples, chambers and towers were connected by covered passages and galleries.

In 1787, the metropolis moved to Yaroslavl, and the territory of the Rostov Kremlin was empty. Without proper care, the buildings and churches fell into disrepair, worship services were not conducted here, and at the beginning of the 19th century the question arose of demolishing the bishop's court.

However, these plans were not destined to come true. Rostov merchants collected the necessary funds, restored architectural monument and in 1883 a museum of church antiquities was opened there. At the beginning of the last century, by decision of the State Duma, money for the maintenance of the Kremlin was allocated from the Russian treasury.

What can be seen in the Kremlin

The Kremlin territory is surrounded by a high stone wall and has 11 towers covered with plowshares: 5 corner, 2 sentinel and 4 gate. The large Assumption Cathedral is rightfully considered the architectural dominant of the ensemble. Not far from it rises a belfry. Cathedral Square is surrounded by a fence on three sides. In addition, it is limited by the wall of the bishop's courtyard. There are two ways to get here. The Holy Gates lead from the city to the square, and from the museum-reserve there is a passage through the lower tier of the Resurrection Church.

The front yard of the Rostov Kremlin is surrounded by religious and civil buildings. Among them stands out the two-storey Judgment Order, which at one time managed all the affairs of the diocese. Next to it stands the gate Resurrection Church. This temple is made on a two-tier basement, it has one light and four decorative domes and is richly decorated with brick patterns, as well as picturesque tiles.

On the other side of the courtyard, you can see the complex of the metropolitan choir, which is often called the "Red Chamber". The porch leading to the chamber, which is crowned by two tents, looks very colorful.

Behind the Red Chamber of the Rostov Kremlin stands the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands (or the Savior on Senya), which served as a home church for the Metropolitan. On its lower floors there used to be housekeeping services and a bakery. Inside, wall paintings made by Russian painters in 1675 have been preserved. Solemn receptions of the Rostov Metropolitan arranged in the White Chamber. This one-pillar structure has large windows, and due to this, it is perfectly lit inside.

One of the most picturesque buildings of the Rostov Kremlin is the Gate Church of St. John the Evangelist (1683). It is elongated upward, has elongated drums and small cupolas, and these features give the structure elegance and lightness. Frescoes of the end of the 17th century have also been preserved on the walls and vaults of the temple.

Summer church in honor of the icon Mother of God"Hodegetria" was built in the Moscow baroque style popular at that time. This happened in 1693, when the successor of Metropolitan Iona Sysoevich, Joasaph, ruled the diocese.

In memory of the ancient Grigorievsk monastery, which existed on the territory of the Rostov Kremlin in the Middle Ages, a separate church of St. Gregory the Theologian was built. Inside, the five-domed church is decorated with frescoes made at the end of the 19th century by an artel of artists led by N. M. Safonov.

southern part The architectural ensemble is occupied by the green metropolitan garden, which was founded during the time of Iona Sysoevich. Today it has been reconstructed in accordance with the traditions of the second half of the 17th century. The garden is very beautiful and has apple, plum, pear and cherry trees. In the north of the green area there is a bosquet, which marks the private building of the Grigorievsk monastery. The foundation of an ancient building was found at this place during archaeological excavations.

Assumption Cathedral

The oldest building in Rostov is the huge Assumption Cathedral. The temple that has survived to this day is the fifth cathedral on this site. The first wooden church was erected in 991 during the reign of Prince Vladimir. And the first stone cathedral appeared in the city in 1162, when Andrei Bogolyubsky ruled the Rostov lands. According to legend, at the end of the 12th - beginning of the 13th century, the father of the epic hero Alyosha Popovich was the priest of this temple.

The cathedral that can be seen today was built from white stone and brick at the beginning of the 16th century. Together with the cross, it has a height of 60 m and is crowned with a powerful five-domed head. architectural features temple allow us to assert that the builders were well acquainted with the Assumption Cathedral, which is located in the Moscow Kremlin. At first, the cathedral in Rostov had helmet-shaped domes, but in the 18th century they were replaced by onion ones. Inside, a rich carved iconostasis, installed in the temple in 1736, after another fire, has been preserved.

Belfry

To the southeast of the ancient Assumption Cathedral is a picturesque belfry, which was built in the 80s of the 17th century. The building of the belfry is elongated from north to south and topped with four domes. Belfry and old cathedral form a harmonious architectural ensemble, although their construction is separated by more than a century.

The first floor of the building of the belfry is occupied by the Church of the Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem and utility rooms, and on the upper floor there is a four-span platform with an arcade, where 15 bells are fixed. It can be reached by a narrow internal staircase. There are many voids in the belfry, so it serves as an excellent resonator. The largest of the bells was named "Sysoy" in honor of the father of the Rostov Metropolitan Jonah. It was cast at the end of the 17th century and weighs 32 tons.

Museums

The Rostov Kremlin houses several museum collections at once. There are so many exhibits collected here that it is simply impossible to see all the museums in one day! On the ground floor of the Red Chamber, there is a museum living room equipped with multimedia screens. It was created to make it easier for tourists who came to the city to find the necessary sights and information. In the living room you can do virtual journey to any part of the city and region, view maps in detail and find out about the opening hours of museums and exhibitions.

In eight halls of the Samuil building of the Rostov Kremlin there is a permanent exhibition dedicated to ancient Russian art. Ancient icons and valuable liturgical utensils, skillfully made embroideries, metal products and fine wooden carvings are exhibited here.

Those who look into the Temple of Hodegetria find themselves in the midst of real wealth! The collection kept in this church is called "Shining gold and azure". Here there was a place for unique icons, sculptures and a large collection of ancient church utensils. And in the White Chamber, the exposition of the old museum of church antiquities, which worked in the Kremlin in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was recreated.

The history of the Rostov land is presented in two museums at once. One of them introduces archaeological and paleontological finds, and visitors can see the remains of fossil animals and tools used by primitive people. The second floor of the Red Chamber exhibits exhibits related to the history of the city from the 7th to the 15th centuries.

The Kremlin has an unusual medal room where commemorative medals and coins are kept, as well as an interesting collection of old bells and bells. But most of all tourists come to the museum of enamel, which began to work in the Rostov Kremlin more than 15 years ago. Its popularity is explained by the great interest in the traditional Rostov craft. In the halls of the enamel museum you can see beautiful products created by the skillful hands of local craftsmen, and in the museum shop you can buy your favorite crafts from enamel.

Useful information for tourists

• Museums located in the Rostov Kremlin receive visitors daily from 10.00 to 17.00. They don't work until January 1st.
• To view museum collections, expositions and exhibitions, separate tickets are sold, as well as a single ticket. concession ticket, which gives the right to visit all museums.
• On the territory of the Kremlin there are paid concerts of bell ringing, as well as interesting master classes in decoupage, creating museum postcards, painting ceramics and the secrets of making enamel.
• In the Rostov Kremlin, you can stay at the Dom na Pogrebakh hotel, where there are single and triple rooms with all amenities.

How to get there

From the city bus station and railway station the walls of the Rostov Kremlin are usually reached on foot. The journey takes 15-20 minutes (1.5 km). If desired, this distance can be traveled by taxi.

The white-stone Rostov Kremlin is familiar to most of the inhabitants of our country. It was here that scenes from the popular film "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession" were filmed. Although it appears in stories with old Moscow, the shooting was carried out in similar chambers and covered passages of the Kremlin of the city of Rostov. This city is located in the Yaroslavl region, formerly known as Rostov the Great.

The history of the construction of the Rostov Kremlin

There are still disputes about whether the building in Rostov has the right to wear official name"Kremlin". Such medieval buildings, by their definition, performed a defensive function. Their construction had to be carried out in compliance with fortification requirements regulating the height and thickness of the walls, the location of loopholes and watchtowers. At the Rostov Kremlin, many elements do not meet the required defensive standards, they play a rather decorative role. This situation arose from the very beginning of construction.

The fact is that the building was conceived not as a defensive fortress, but as the residence of Metropolitan Ion Sysoevich, head of the episcopal department in Rostov. Vladyka himself supervised the development of the project and the construction process from start to finish.

Thus, in the years 1670-1683, the Metropolitan (Bishops') court was erected, imitating the biblical Garden of Eden with towers around the perimeter and a pond in the middle. Yes, there are also reservoirs - the buildings were built near Lake Nero, on a hill, and artificial ponds were dug in the courtyards.

The courtyard served as a place of accommodation and service for the highest spiritual authority for more than a century. In 1787, the bishops moved to Yaroslavl, and the architectural ensemble, in which the warehouses were located, gradually fell into disrepair. The clergy were even ready to scrap it, but the Rostov merchants did not allow destruction and restored it in 1860-1880.

After that, Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov, the future Russian emperor, took the Metropolitan Court under his patronage and initiated the opening of a state museum in it. The museum-reserve "Rostov Kremlin" was opened for visits in 1883. Today it is an object cultural heritage Russia.

The current state of the Rostov Kremlin

IN last years actively carried out the restoration of many objects of the Rostov Kremlin. Somewhere it has already been completed, so visitors can see the restored frescoes, walls and interior items. Some buildings and structures are still being renovated. The entire architectural ensemble of the museum-reserve is financed from the federal budget, with the exception of the Assumption Cathedral, which since 1991 has been the property of the Orthodox Church.

Behind the stone walls with eleven towers are: ancient chambers, churches, a cathedral, bell towers, outbuildings. They are divided into three zones, each of which has its own courtyard. The central zone is the Bishop's Court surrounded by churches with residential and outbuildings. Northern part – Cathedral Square with Uspensky Cathedral. The southern zone is the Metropolitan Garden with a pond.

What to see in the Kremlin?

Tours of the Rostov Kremlin are available for everyone. Entrance to some buildings is free, but most of the exhibitions and facilities can only be visited with the purchase of an entrance ticket. The following excursions are in the greatest demand among the guests of the city:

• . The five-domed temple was built in 1512 on the remains of the Leontief cave chapel, which still holds the relics of St. Leonty, Bishop of Rostov and Suzdal. In this aisle, in 1314, a baby was baptized, who later became Sergius of Radonezh. The reconstruction of the temple was not carried out completely, the frescoes were only partially preserved. The temple is active, in architecture it is similar to the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow. Entrance is free, free of charge, through Cathedral Square.
  
• . The bell tower was built in 1687. All 15 bells have been preserved in their original configuration. The largest bell on the belfry is "Sysy", it weighs 32 tons, "Polyeleiny" - 16 tons. The rest of the bells weigh less; their names are very original: "Goat", "Ram", "Hunger", "Swan". Climbing the tower is paid, but visitors are not allowed to ring the bells. At the base of the building there is a souvenir shop of black-glazed ceramics. In the belfry itself is the Church of the Entrance to Jerusalem.
  
• Church of the Resurrection (Nadvratnaya). It was built around 1670 over two gates, travel and pedestrian, which open the way to the Bishop's Court. When passing through the gate, they purchase a ticket to view the Bishop's Court and its churches.
  
• . Former residential building, on the lower floor of which there were utility cellars. Now the "House on the Cellars" has become a hotel of the same name, where everyone who wants to spend the night within the boundaries of the Rostov Kremlin stays. The level of comfort in the hotel is low, but the guests have the opportunity to walk around the deserted Kremlin, and in the morning - wake up to the sound of bells.
  
• . The description of the Rostov Kremlin would not be complete without mentioning this corner for relaxation. You can walk in the garden, relax on the benches. The garden is especially beautiful in spring, during the flowering of apple trees and other trees.
  

The above are the most popular excursions on the territory of the Rostov Kremlin. Do not forget to take your photo or video equipment with you to capture the views of the ancient architectural ensemble and take your photos against the backdrop of memorable interiors from Leonid Gaidai's film.

Additional information about the Kremlin

Opening hours of the museum-reserve: from 10:00 to 17:00 year-round (except January 1). Tours of the walls and passages of the Kremlin are held only in the warm season, from May to October.

Museum address: Yaroslavl region, the city of Rostov (note that this is not the Rostov region). From the bus station or railway station, the path to the Kremlin takes 10-15 minutes on foot. Its towers and gilded domes are visible from any outskirts of Rostov, so it is simply impossible to get lost along the way. In addition, any city dweller can easily tell you where the main attraction of the city is located.

At the box office of the museum-reserve, you can purchase both a separate ticket for visiting one building or exposition, and a single ticket "Crossing the walls of the Kremlin." Prices for individual expositions are low, from 30 to 70 rubles.

Master classes on bell ringing, on making museum postcards, on painting with Rostov enamel cost from 150 to 200 rubles.

The hotel "House on cellars" was opened, where tourists stay for any time, from one night to several days. Rooms with private facilities are designed for one to three people. Meals are provided in the "Collection" restaurant, open to all comers in the premises of the Red Chamber. The restaurant serves classic Russian cuisine, including fish and lean dishes. It is possible to order a banquet in the Kremlin restaurant on the occasion of a wedding or anniversary.

Rostov local history museum

During my last visit to Rostov-on-Don in winter, I managed to visit the Rostov Museum of Local Lore, and even dragged my mother there. There was a strong frost outside, and instead of getting cold, we decided to turn off Bolshaya Sadovaya to the museum. In general, such an impulsive visit to the museum turned out.
The building of the Museum of Local Lore and its courtyard require a separate story. But if in a nutshell, then the modern museum of local lore is located in a former mansion of the late 19th century, where the M.Gelferik-Sade trading partnership was previously located, for the sale of agricultural machinery and equipment that were supplied from abroad.
Already in the courtyard of the museum you can see interesting, unique exhibits. In the inner courtyard is the so-called Lapidarium, where stone statues Sarmatian women (years not specified) brought from Tanais.

stone statues

At the very entrance to the museum there are huge ancient cannons brought in 1957 from the village of Starocherkasskaya.

Cannons from the village of Starocherskasskaya

But all these are distractions, and the main thing was ahead of us. There were no visitors in the museum besides us - it was a weekday. We were so happy with the administrator, whom we met downstairs, she quickly advised us on current exhibitions and strongly recommended visiting the exhibition “Treasures of the Don Steppes”.
We bought tickets at the box office for 120 rubles per person, and excursion services for 500 rubles for the whole group. After 5 minutes, a young man joined us in order to show us the treasures, which are located in a separate secret room, under lock and key.
The last time I was in the “golden room” of the museum was a long time ago, during my school years. Very bright memories of something beautiful and mysterious have been preserved in my memory, but in childhood, of course, you understand little about what is specifically presented in front of you. For a child, these are nothing more than beautiful golden little things.
So, with the guide, we entered the Golden Room. Today it is just one room, very bright, renovated, with light attractive shop windows.

Exposition Treasures of the Don Steppes

Before proceeding to the story about the exhibits of the Golden Room, it is worth remembering that the territory of the Don region was at the crossroads of various ancient peoples. On the Don steppes, long before the settlements of the Greeks (the city of Tanais), numerous nomadic tribes moved: Scythians, Sarmatians and others. Archaeological expeditions have found hundreds of precious historical evidence of the turbulent life of this region, which are presented in the Golden Room of the museum. Over the years, barrows were excavated - ancient burials, numerous treasures of coins, jewelry, and household items were found.
Starting from the 7th century BC, the Don lands were inhabited by Iranian-speaking tribes from Central Asia, which Greek scientists called the Scythians. The Scythians themselves called themselves Sklots and did not represent a single people. In the 4th century BC, a state was created on the territory of Scythia, headed by the ruler Atey. This king rallied the Scythians into a single union. In 339 BC, the Scythian troops were defeated by Philip of Macedon, and Atey himself died in this battle. The Scythian state collapsed. They were supplanted by the tribes of the Sarmatians and Savromats. Archaeological excavations help to learn something about the culture of these peoples.
The most interesting items of the exhibition are items found during excavations of the Scythian royal Elizabethan burial ground. The so-called group of mounds "Five Brothers", located near the Elizabethan burial ground, was described as early as 1853 by professor of Moscow University P.M. Leonov, who conducted research on the insular part of the Don Delta. In 1871, attempts were made to excavate two burial mounds, then part of the tomb was unearthed and details of the harness were found. But in the absence of advanced technologies, the work was curtailed.
In 1980, archaeologists discovered the richest Scythian royal burial in the South of Russia. Today in the museum you can see a reconstruction of the costume of the Scythian king (4th century BC), with gold stripes on clothes. The costume is decorated with 349 gold details.

The symbol of power among the Scythians was not a crown, but a hryvnia, a special hoop that was worn around the neck.

Items from the tomb of the Scythian king

Reconstruction of the costume of the Scythian king

Hryvnia with figurines of lying lions

The upholstery of the scabbard of the sword, made by Greek craftsmen, is also striking in its beauty.

In the photo Lit - the gold lining of the bow and arrow case.

Upholstery burns, gold 4th century BC

From the mound

Royal sword with gold foil on the hilt.

Royal sword, 4th century BC

Nearby is a reconstruction of the Scythian women's costume. The photo shows a calaf - a women's headdress, decorated with genuine gold stripes. You can also see decorations in the form of rose hips.

Reconstruction of calaf - women's headdress

Gold patches for clothes

The collection also includes Sarmatian jewels. As I mentioned above, the Sarmatians appeared on the Don land in the | V century BC. The Sarmatians brought completely different, oriental motifs to the cultures of the Don region. Items found in the Sarmatian burial grounds amaze with their splendor.

Reconstruction of headdress decoration elements, I-II centuries AD

The central place in the exposition is occupied by the burial of the Sarmatian queen from barrow No. 10 of the Kobyakovsky burial ground.

In 1987, on the territory of Rostov-on-Don, employees of the laboratory of the Rostov University discovered the burial of the Sarmatian queen (or priestess). The barrow was discovered due to the fact that construction began in that area and an excavator demolished part of the barrow. Luxurious items (bracelets, hryvnia, precious horse harness) and cult items were found in the burial.

Products from the burial of the Sarmatian queen

According to scientists, this queen died at the age of 25-30 years. According to the skull, her appearance was restored by computer methods. That's how beautiful she was.

Sarmatian queen. Restoration of appearance

The most valuable thing in the find is, of course, a neck hryvnia, made of gold, decorated with turquoise.

Hryvnia. Gold, turquoise. End of I-beginning of II centuries AD

Bracelets of the Sarmatian queen.

Gold bracelets, gold, skeletal, stone

Falars - decoration of horse harness.

Falara. Gold, plaster, bronze, paste

The exhibit also features finds from ancient Greek city Tanais (modern farm Nedvigovka).

Finds from Tanais

A special place is occupied by such an exhibit as a waist plate with a scene of deer being chased by a predator (1st century BC - 1st century AD). Found in a burial mound in Rostov-on-Don (mechanical plant).

Waist plate

Interesting finds were made near the Novy farm in the Martynovsky district of the Rostov region in 1982-1983. Belt buckles with images of animals common among the Sarmatians were found in two burial mounds.

Belt reconstruction. Gold, cowrie shells (1st century BC - 1st century AD)

Also interesting are the finds from the Sadovy mound (explored in 1962). Scientists suggest that it was the burial of a noble representative, and possibly the leader of the Sarmatian tribe. The mound was plundered in antiquity, but as it turned out, not completely. The most significant find is 8 silver bowls and golden falars (horse harness decoration).

Two medallions depict the plot of the myth of Psyche and Cupid. On the third - grape harvest. On the rest - scenes from the myth of Achilles.

Silver bowls. I-II century AD.

Silver bowls. I-II century AD.

A separate showcase is dedicated to the unique gift of the patron to the Rostov Museum of Local Lore. In 1998, a person who wished to remain anonymous presented the museum with a gift of 220 unique gold and silver items (IVBC-II centuries AD). A Rostovite bought these finds at the Gelos auction, which was held in Moscow.

Pottery of ancient Greece

How to get there

Rostov Museum of Local Lore, exhibition "Treasures of the Don Steppes".
Address: Rostov-on-Don, st. Bolshaya Sadovaya, 79.
http://www.rostovmuseum.ru/

The southern capital of Russia - Rostov-on-Don - is a city with rich cultural traditions. To see its many sights, many tourists from all over Russia come there throughout the year. Those who have already visited the capital recommend visiting the museums of Rostov-on-Don. There are about a dozen of them in the city, and by looking into these cultural institutions, you can learn a lot about the history of the Kuban and about the talented and hardworking people who inhabit these lands.

Regional Museum of Rostov-on-Don

One of the main attractions of the city is located at Bolshaya Sadovaya street, house 79. The museum was founded in 1937 and consists of several departments representing culture, nature and the main pride of its collection is the exposition called "Treasures of the Don Kurgans". It is a unique archaeological collection of 2,000 items made of gold and silver, which date back to the period from the 6th c. BC e. up to 8 c. n. e.

The museum also displays many memorial daggers and military weapons from soldiers from two world wars.

Besides, big interest presents a collection of ethnographic clothing, which includes festive dresses and pearl-decorated kichkas of the Don Cossacks, silk and velvet headdresses of the Armenian women of Nakhichevan-on-Don, caps of the Tatars, as well as traditional costumes of the inhabitants of the Russian-Ukrainian borderlands and decorative art objects made by German colonists .

Museum of Fine Arts in Rostov-on-Don

Fans of painting, graphics and sculpture should definitely visit old mansion located at: st. Pushkinskaya, 115. Its halls housed part of the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts. It was founded in 1938 thanks to the efforts of Academician of the Academy of Arts of the USSR M. S. Saryan, L. Silin and the writer. central museums Moscow and St. Petersburg. Today in the halls of ROMII you can see paintings by Western European artists, representatives of the Russian school of painting A. K. Bryullov, V. Surikov, I. Repin, I. Kramskoy, I. Aivazovsky and I. Levitan, as well as paintings by modern masters. In addition, of interest is an extensive collection of icons painted in different styles. Like many other museums in Rostov-on-Don, this cultural institution is actively working with children, introducing them to high art.

Rostov Museum of Railway Equipment

In place of the abolished railway station"Gnilovskaya" you can see samples of old steam locomotives, diesel locomotives and wagons. Of course, all the museums of Rostov-on-Don are of interest, but this is a very special exhibition of technical rarities. Indeed, in our country there are only a few collections of railway equipment of past eras that can compete with Rostov in terms of the variety of “exhibits” presented.

Museum of Russian-Armenian Friendship

Address: st. Baghramyan, 1, in the city there is the Church of St. Surb, the oldest building preserved in the modern city. When deciding which museums of Rostov-on-Don you should visit, be sure to look at the Museum of Russian-Armenian Friendship that has been operating since 1972 at this temple. It tells about the history of the city of Nakhichevan-on-Don, founded by Armenian settlers from the Crimea, and in it you can see household items and manuscripts of the 18th century.

Museum of Contemporary Fine Arts

This charity project was launched in 2005. The Museum of Art (Rostov-on-Don) sees its mission in acquainting the residents of the city and its guests with the works of artists and sculptors of the 20th-21st centuries. It operates at: st. Shaumyan, 51.

The museum regularly hosts various exhibitions and tries to take an active part in all cultural events of the city. In particular, a few years ago, its staff successfully presented the project "Conceptualism: Here and There" at the South Russian Biennale dedicated to contemporary art.

Museum of the History of Technology

On 65/102 Voroshilovsky Avenue, tourists can see old models of the first computers, adding machines, televisions, loudspeakers, tube radios, telegraph sets, polyphones, typewriters, music boxes, phonographs, gramophones, gramophones, electrophones, telephones, mimeographs, cameras , amateur movie cameras, film projectors and overhead projectors, etc. The museum has the most modern touch screens that allow visitors to get acquainted with the history of a particular exhibit. The collection is constantly replenished, as many citizens give technical rarities that have been preserved in their homes to employees for demonstration.

"Laboratorium"

At the address: Tekucheva street, 97 is one of the youngest museums in Rostov-on-Don. It opened only three years ago, but is already very popular. It presents more than 100 exhibits, which are located on 3 floors. They clearly illustrate various physical laws. A visit to the "Laboratorium" is especially interesting and useful for children of school age, as it can instill in them a love for the natural sciences.

Now you know which museums in Rostov-on-Don, exhibitions and other attractions you should visit if you find yourself in southern capital Russia.

Address: Russia, Yaroslavl region, Rostov the Great
Start of construction: 1670
Completion of construction: 1683
Number of towers: 11 pcs.
Main attractions: Assumption Cathedral, belfry of the Assumption Cathedral, Gate Church of the Resurrection, Judgment Order, Church of St. John the Theologian, Church of Hodegetria, Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands (in the hallway), Church of St. Gregory the Theologian, Red Chamber, White Dining Chamber
Coordinates: 57°11"05.2"N 39°24"59.6"E
Object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation

The construction of the Kremlin in Rostov was carried out in the period from 1670 to 1683. The local metropolitan Iona Sysoevich was the customer for the construction work. According to his plan, the building was supposed to convey paradise in its full accordance with the biblical description. In religious literature, paradise is represented as a garden with a pond in the center, and the garden itself is surrounded by walls with towers.

Kremlin from a bird's eye view

In 1787, the metropolis moved to Yaroslavl, so the Rostov Metropolitan Court (another name for the Kremlin) lost its purpose and gradually fell into decay. Divine services were no longer held in the local churches, and the bishops planned to sell the entire metropolitan complex for scrap.

However, the Kremlin escaped such an unenviable fate thanks to the enlightened city merchants - the architectural ensemble was restored with the funds allocated to them (the work was carried out in the 60s and 80s of the 19th century).

View of the Rostov Kremlin from Lake Nero

In the autumn of 1883, the Rostov Museum of Church Antiquities was opened in the Kremlin chamber called "White". The initiators of this decision were Titov A.A. and Shlyakov I.A. Since 1886, the museum came under the patronage of the heir to the imperial throne of tsarist Russia - it was Nicholas II, who later became tsar. In 1910 The State Duma finally secured the all-Russian status for the institution and decided to allocate a certain amount from the treasury for its maintenance. In 1953, due to a strong tornado, most of the monuments of the ensemble were damaged, but somewhat later they were all restored.

From left to right: Hodegetrievskaya tower, Church of St. John the Evangelist, main entrance, ticket office

The territory of the Rostov Kremlin is represented by three zones. These are the Bishop's Yard, the Metropolitan Garden and the Cathedral Square. It is also located here oldest building city ​​- the five-domed Assumption Cathedral, built in the distant XVI century. majestic building shrine took the place of another, more ancient temple, at one time built of stone. The outer part of the Cathedral of the Assumption is finished with a variety of decorative details that give the building a special expressiveness.

Architectural features of the Rostov Kremlin

In addition to the Assumption Cathedral and the belfry, there were also administrative buildings on the territory of the Metropolitan's Court. One of them was the building of the Judgment Order.

From left to right: Church of Hodegetria, Assumption Cathedral, Church of the Resurrection

A two-storey building appeared here in the middle of the 17th century. Some time later, a gate church of the Resurrection with a pair of fortress towers was erected next to it. Directly under the church were the Holy Gates, which acted as the main entrance to the courtyard. Due to the small number of architectural delights in the upper part of the church, it seems formidable like watchtower. But the lower part, flowing into the arch of the Holy Doors, thanks to the icon case, tiles and brick pattern, seems simply luxurious.

Also, according to the plan of Jonah, metropolitan mansions were erected for his residence and the preservation of considerable monetary savings.

Church of the Resurrection

Initially, they were a 2-story building, but at the end of the 17th century a 3rd floor was added to them, and a century later the whole building was decorated with classic decor. Today, the metropolitan mansions are identified by the narrow windows on the first floor and the ornamental belt.

State mansions, or the Red Chamber, is another solid building that is a landmark of the Rostov Kremlin. The special beauty of the building is achieved by the porch, completed with two tents. No less valuable historical monument on the territory of the Bishop's Court there remains a complex of the Church of the Savior of the Icon Not Made by Hands.

Church of St. John the Evangelist, view from the courtyard of the Kremlin

The lower floor of this building, erected in 1675, was occupied by household services, on the upper floor there was the church building itself, the Otdatochny chambers and the Refectory. This shrine was considered the home temple of Jonah.

The Gate Church of St. John the Evangelist with five domes was built last. It became the best building of that time - it was distinguished from previous buildings by rich decor on the entire outer surface of the building. The elongation of the main part of the shrine, together with the drums, makes it visually taller. The construction of the Hodegetria Church was the final point in the formation of the ensemble of the Rostov Kremlin.

Church of Hodegetria

As for the Kremlin walls and towers, their erection was usually carried out after the construction of most buildings. As befits real fortress walls, they were equipped with loopholes. At the same time, wide window openings were cut in the Kremlin towers, which is not typical for a fortress. From the general decoration of the towers, it also becomes clear that neither the towers nor the walls played any protective role, and the loopholes served as a tribute to traditions.

From buildings economic importance special attention deserve their own brewery and bakery. Their design was quite primitive, which made both buildings stand out against the backdrop of the rich residence of the metropolitan.

Left to right: Assumption Cathedral, belfry

Modern life of the Rostov Kremlin

Today the Rostov Kremlin exists as a museum-reserve of national importance. It is also the repository of the largest collection of enamel works - ancient art enamel painting. Arriving in Rostov in the 17th century, it has remained in demand in the city to this day.

The art gallery of the museum is represented by several halls. They exhibit portraits of the local nobility and merchants, nobles in the 18th - 19th centuries. The works of Russian artists famous in the late 18th and early 20th centuries are also kept here. Among their works there is also the avant-garde.

Red Chamber

Inside the White Chamber of the Kremlin, which previously served as a dining room for the Rostov rulers, an exposition of church antiquities has been deployed. In part, it reproduces the first exposition of 1883. In the Red Chamber, built for the great sovereigns, cutters of beads, porcelain, and ceramics are on display today. There is also a valuable exhibition called "Archaeology of the Rostov Land".