Lermontovo (Tarkhany, Nikolskoye, Yakovlevskoye) Belinsky district of the Penza region. Tarkhany - the estate of M.Yu. Lermontov. How to get there and what to see? History of the estate

Tarkhany TARKHANY (Nikolskoe, Yakovlevskoe), the village of Chembarsky district, Penz. gubernia, where L. spent his childhood (now the village of Lermontovo, Belinsky district, Penz. region). M. V. and E. A. Arseniev bought T. on November 13, 1794 for 58,000 rubles. I. A. Naryshkin. The estate was registered in the name of Elizaveta Alekseevna, since the money for the purchase was taken from her dowry. The new owners transferred the serfs from quitrent to corvée: the peasants worked three days for themselves, three days for the landowner. The inhabitants of T. have long been engaged in arable farming, furrier trade, buying honey, lard, wool, but most of all the skins of domestic animals. Dressed fur was sold far beyond the borders of its district. Such buyers, traveling around the villages, were called tarkhans. Hence the new name of the village. Since 1805, it has been found along with the old ones - Nikolskoye and Yakovlevskoye, and then becomes official. In 1917 T. was renamed. in with. Lermontovo.

Tarkhany. View of the house and the house church. Lithograph, painted in watercolor, after fig. M. Rudkevich. 1842.

Tarkhany. Bar house. Photo. 1970s

The estate had 4081 acres of land. To the east on the outskirts there were oak groves, where the small river Miloraika originated. Along its channel, ponds were arranged that surrounded the estate from three sides - Bolshoi (blocked by a dam), Sredny and Upper, or Barsky. To the east On the bank of Miloraika there are two gardens - Middle and Far with decorative plots, on the west. shore - Round, connected by a linden alley with an oak grove.

Tarkhany. M. Yu. Lermontov's room. Photography, 1970s

In 1817 there were 496 male serfs on the estate, in 1845-601. After her death, the 16 male “souls” recorded for M. M. Lermontova were inherited by L. From them, his personal servants were recruited. Some L. were released into the wild (for example, the Letarenkov family). The rest of the serfs belonged to E. A. Arsenyeva. In 1817, after the death of M. M. Lermontova, Arsenyeva sold the old manor house for scrap, and in its place in 1820 erected a small, Empire-style, stone church of Mary of Egypt in memory of her daughter. For herself and her grandson, she set up in the garden a one-story wooden house with a mezzanine, sheathed with boards, with profiled cornices, balconies from the west. and east. facades, uncomplicated architraves and a porch from the main entrance. L. lived here from 1815 to 1827. When he grew up, several people were invited to T. peer boys. M. A. Pozhogin-Otrashkevich arrived in 1820. In addition to him, N. G. Davydov, two brothers Yurievs, N. and P. Maksyutovs, lived here. They studied together with L. and were companions of his children's games. In T., the remains of the trenches where the boys played battles are still preserved. L. came to T. in the summer of 1828, then on December 31. 1835. On January 16, he wrote to S. A. Raevsky about his life in T. 1836. Here he worked on the drama "Two Brothers". Jan 22 traveled to Chembar to the district court to testify the power of attorney to G. V. Arsenyev for the division of Kropotov. Having received a certificate of illness, L. stayed in T. until March 13th. Here on Feb. 2. 1836 written verse. "The Dying Gladiator" Tarkhan impressions, childhood memories are reflected in many works. L. In verse. “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd,” he wrote: “... And I see myself as a child; and all around / Native to all places: a high manor house / And a garden with a destroyed greenhouse; / A sleeping pond is covered with a green net of grasses, / And behind the pond the village smokes - and they rise / In the distance, fogs over the fields .... ”(II, 136). After the death of L., at the request of his grandmother, the coffin with the body of the poet was transported from Pyatigorsk to T. and buried again on April 23. 1842 in the second lead coffin in the Arseniev family chapel; M. V. Arseniev and M. M. Lermontova were buried there, and in 1845 - E. A. Arsenyeva. In T., oral traditions continue to circulate about L., about his kind attitude towards the peasants, about his generosity. Especially warm L. treated his nurse L. Shubenina and "uncle" A. I. Sokolov. According to the will of Arsenyeva T. in 1845 they passed to Af. Al. Stolypin, after the death of whom the estate was owned by his son A. A. Stolypin, and then by M. V. Katkova. None of the heirs lived in T.. The indifferent attitude of the owners of the estate to the memory of the poet, the frequent change of managers affected the state of the estate. In 1867, the manager Gorchakov removed the mezzanine from the house for sale (then the mezzanine was put back in place). In 1908, on the night of June 13-14, the house burned down. In 1909, on the old foundation, a new house, saved appearance and the layout of the former. On June 30, 1939, the L. house-museum was opened in this house, which was transformed in November 1944 into a museum-estate. In 1966, by decision of Penz. The Regional Executive Committee established a protective zone of the museum within a radius of 1 to 5 km from its borders. By the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of July 30, 1969, the State Museum was established on the basis of the estate museum. lermont. Museum-Reserve "Tarkhany" with total area 91 ha. It includes the estate of Arsenyeva, the Church of Mary of Egypt, villages. a church, a gatehouse attached to it, the Arseniev family chapel, where the poet is buried. In 1974, another grave appeared between the chapel and the church: from the village. Shipovo, Lipetsk region the ashes of Yu. P. Lermontov, the poet's father, were transported. The manor's house was restored in 1973 with the maximum approximation to the view of Lermont. time. It created a memorial and everyday exposition. In the restored house of the key keeper, one of the outbuildings of the estate, there is an exposition "The Life of the Tarkhan Peasants of Lermontov's Time", preserved inside. decoration in the church of Mary of Egypt. Lit. the exposition is located in the village. churches. There are 17,456 storage items in the museum's funds, among them things that belonged to L., home furnishings, L.'s painting “Georgian Military Road. The gorge near Kobi”, 3 drawings of the poet, prod. Russian and owls. artists on Lermont. Topics. The museum collection contains photocopies of all the manuscripts of L. and DOS. documents of his biography. Since 1970, restoration of parks and gardens has been underway. Since 1975, the L. Museum in T. has been included as the head of the State Association. lit.-memorial museums of Penz. areas. In 1958, a monument to L. was erected in the square in front of the museum (sculptor B. A. Zotov).

Tarkhany. Monument over the grave of M. Yu. Lermontov in the chapel.

Tarkhany. Lead coffin with the ashes of M. Yu. Lermontov.

Lit.: Viskovaty, With. 5-28; Manuilov(1), p. 117-21, 128-31; Manuilov(5); Kornilov; Andronikov(7), p. 335-47; Ivanova T. (2), p. 10-19; Vyrypaev P., Pokhvisnev G., Museum-Estate M. Yu. L., Penza, 1961; Vyrypaev P., Native places all around, [Penza], 1963; his own, On the bank of Miloraika, Saratov, 1967; Vyrypaev(2); Loshchinin N., House-Museum of L., "VL", 1964, No. 9, p. 247; Andreev-Krivich(6); Semchenko A. D., [Introduction. Art.], in the book: Tarkhany, L., 1971; Arzamastsev W., Lermont. museum-reserve "Tarkhany", Saratov, 1972; his own, Last visit, “Penz. truth”, 1975, September 11; his own, Tarkhany. State. lermont. museum-reserve, M., 1976; his own, L. in Tarkhany. Guide to the house-museum, 2nd ed., Saratov, 1977; Frolov P., Nikolskoye - Tarkhany - Lermontovo, "Penz. truth”, 1972, March 30; his own, "Memorial book". Tarkhan finds, Nedelya, 1979, No. 16 (996); Shan Giray A. P., in the book: Memoirs; Shugaev, ibid.; Korsakov, ibid.; Kuznetsov N., Tarkhany, "Gudok", 1977, April 19; Dianova L., Over the grave of the poet, “Penz. truth”, 1979, June 12.

P. A. Vyrypaev Lermontov Encyclopedia / USSR Academy of Sciences. In-t rus. lit. (Pushkin. House); Scientific-ed. Council of the publishing house "Sov. Enzikl."; Ch. ed. Manuilov V. A., Editorial staff: Andronikov I. L., Bazanov V. G., Bushmin A. S., Vatsuro V. E., Zhdanov V. V., Khrapchenko M. B. - M .: Sov. Encycl., 1981

See what "Tarkhany" is in other dictionaries:

The lower class of the Kalmyks. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. TARKHANS in the Moscow state are people who received the privilege of jurisdiction (see TARKHAN LETTERS). Dictionary of foreign words included in ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Manor, Lermontovo Dictionary of Russian synonyms. tarkhany n., number of synonyms: 2 Lermontov (1) ... Synonym dictionary

The village of Chembarsky district, Penza province. Here M. Yu. Lermontov spent his childhood and was buried. Lives. OK. 1000, 2 churches, college, library… Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

See also: Tarkhany (disambiguation) Coordinates: 52°59′27″ s. sh. 43°39′17″ E  / 52.990833° N sh. 43.654722° E etc. ... Wikipedia

Tarkhany- The estate of Tarkhany. TARKHANY (since 1917 Lermontovo), a village in the Penza Region Museum Reserve M.Yu. Lermontov "Tarkhany" in the former estate of E.A. Arsenyeva, the poet's grandmother. Grave of Lermontov (his ashes were transported from Pyatigorsk in 1842). … Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Museum Reserve M.Yu. Lermontov in the Penza region, in the Belinsky district, in the village. Lermontov. The estate of E.A. Arsenyeva, the poet's grandmother, was purchased by her in 1794 from I.A. Naryshkin. It was called Nikolskoye, Yakovlevskoye. Tarkhany since 1805; renamed in 1917 to ... ... Russian history

Tarkhany- Tarkhany, M. Yu. Lermontov Museum Reserve in the Penza region, in the Belinsky district, in the village of Lermontovo. The estate of E. A. Arsenyeva, the poet's grandmother, was acquired by her in 1794 from I. A. Naryshkin. It was called Nikolskoye, Yakovlevskoye. T. since 1805; in 1917… … Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

The village of Chembarsky district, Penza province. Here M. Yu. Lermontov spent his childhood and was buried. Lives. OK. 1000, 2 churches, college, library… Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Namely, there was the estate of the Arsenyevs Mikhail Vasilyevich and Elizaveta Alekseevna, became the place where the greatest Russian poet Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov spent his childhood and youth. This place became the cradle of the great poet. Whatever the life of the poet throws, he always recalled with trepidation his homeland - the land that raised him and on which he spent almost half of his life. Here Mikhail Yuryevich experienced his first love languor, here he found his last refuge. The ashes of a genius rest in the family crypt, and a chapel rises above the building itself.

First exposition complex

The Tarkhany Museum (Penza region), the photo of which is presented in our article, consists of three exposition complexes.

The structure of the first includes the manor's house. It was built after the death of Lermontov's mother, Maria Mikhailovna. By the way, she was the only daughter of Elizabeth Alekseevna. So, in 1818 this estate was erected. In the late 90s of the last century, the house underwent reconstruction. The masters completely recreated the environment that emphasizes the influence of the estate culture on the development of the poet's personality. It was here that the little boy Misha had to go through a series of joyful and sad events: the death of his mother, parting with his father, acquaintance with the basics of art and science, writing the first lines of poetry, the first piano lessons. Mikhail Lermontov wanted his ashes to be buried only in Tarkhany. This complex contains unique items: a cigarette, a pipe, a casket and other personal belongings of the poet; items that belonged to his grandmother and mother (holiday handkerchiefs and the like). Here are some artwork genius.

Not far from the manor house is the one-domed manor church of Mary of Egypt. This monument has completely preserved its architecture and proved to be timeless. The church is designed in the Empire style. She built it in honor of her daughter. The building operated until the mid-20s of the last century, and today it is simply consecrated and is a monument to bygone days.

Second exposition complex

The second part of the exposition of the museum "Tarkhany" of the Penza region is the Church of the Archangel Michael. This architectural complex is located in the central part of the village. It was built during the lifetime of Mikhail Lermontov's grandmother. The construction of the church began in 1826. In 1836, in winter, the poet spent his first officer's holidays at the estate. Then he watched the still unfinished church.

Third exposition complex

Apaliha. At a distance of three kilometers to the south-western part of the village of Tarkhany is the estate of the “dear aunt”, which belonged to M. A. Shan-Girey-Apalikhe, the poet’s aunt. The modern estate is a chic park with centuries-old linden trees, the crowns of which are still visible from afar. All conditions are created here for a person to merge with nature, to feel it with all his soul. Only here you can admire the transparent springs, listen to the whisper of hundred-year-old trees. Since the late 30s of the twentieth century, the Tarkhany estate has turned into a museum, and since 1969 it has acquired the status of a reserve.

Grave of Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov

The estate "Tarkhany" (now Lermontovo) is the resting place of the soul and body of the great poet. Initially, his ashes were buried in Pyatigorsk, but a year after the burial they were transferred to Lermontovo. There, next to the grave of his mother, in the chapel, the son found his eternal home. A monument made of black marble was erected over the grave of a genius. The inscription “Mikhailo Yuryevich Lermontov. 1814-1841". Near the chapel, an enormous oak has grown. After the funeral of the poet, his grandmother ordered to dig several trees in the forest and plant them in front of the chapel building, but of the total number of dug out oaks, only one took root.

The village of Tarkhany in the Penza region inspired Mikhail Yuryevich to create such unsurpassed masterpieces as "Circassians" and "Tambov Treasurer". In the same place, the poem "The Dying Gladiator" and the drama "Two Brothers" saw the light. "Borodino", a notorious poem, was composed on the basis of memories of the Tarkhans.

At the beginning of July of each year, the Tarkhany Museum of the Penza Region gathers lovers of the poet's work from all over the state at the All-Russian Lermontov Festival. As part of this event, the organizers award the participants with the Lermontov Literary Prize and hold a musical concert where romances are performed. On the day of the poet's memory, July 27, flowers are laid on his grave.

This year, the estate "Tarkhany", the Lermontov Museum in particular, celebrated 75 years since its foundation. In honor of this event, the reserve for the first time opened its depository for guests. Here are collected things belonging to the Lermontov family, which were not included in the main exhibition.

Also, by this date, peasant houses, which are located on the territory of the museum, were restored. A new exhibition called "Stages shortcut". It presents illustrations for Lermontov's works, made by such famous artists as K. Korovin, M. Vrubel and I. Repin.

When is it open and how to get there

The Tarkhany Museum (Penza region), the map of which is in our article, is open every day from 9:00 to 16:00. The exceptions are Tuesdays and the last Thursday of each month: these days the museum has a day off. And you can get here from Penza along the Penza-Tambov highway. The distance is approximately one hundred kilometers. By regular bus or car, you will overcome this path in two hours.

If you are going to set off on the road from the capital of Russia, then you will have to get to the Belinskaya station (Kamenka city) by train, and from there drive another 35 kilometers by bus to the reserve.

Good place, nice, quiet, comfortable. And somewhat strange, utterly bureaucratized until the moment you enter the estate. Some terribly strict ticket saleswoman said that you can’t turn on a free audio guide on your phone in the house, only order a tour for two and a half thousand, and that it costs eight hundred rubles to shoot with our camera (we know that you can shoot for free, but in order to leave this aunt as soon as possible, they paid fifty rubles according to the price list). However, all this was instantly forgotten when we went inside. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

Wonderful park, house, church! It is strange, however, that there is no lighting at all in the Lermontovs' house, allegedly because of authenticity, but at the same time there are "authentic" water heating batteries. Then the candles would have been lit and burned with firewood or something :) So I recommend to all those who visit: in the autumn-winter period, come early so as not to wander in the dark. A must visit in any case!

A beautiful park, a large area where it's great to walk, feel the unique atmosphere of this place. However, only the manor house itself really deserves a visit - we took an excursion here (duty excursion at 12.00) and did not regret it. You can not go to other objects - there is nothing particularly interesting there. We combined a visit to Lermontovo with a trip to Belinsky (about 17 km between them), which just happens to be for one day. In summer it would be possible to make it to Poim, but in winter everything closes earlier.

Dmitry ★★★★★

(8-03-2017)

Visited Lermontovo February 24, 2017. Very a nice place, old manor, beautiful park, two pond, in the summer I'm sure there is even more beautiful.
We visited all the buildings on the territory, but especially liked the Manor's House, the atmosphere immerses in that period.
The inspection itself had to be completed before 4 p.m. after this time, inspection was prohibited.

EVGENY Reshetov ★★★★★

(26-10-2016)

Back in 1984, at the end of March, I visited TARKHANY when I was in Penza from Moscow on official business. I was then the only visitor to this museum! When inspecting the main building of the museum, no one accompanied me! one on one with the world in which Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov lived in those distant years of his childhood and youth. But the visit to the family vault-chapel made the deepest impression on me! ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

I saw Lermontov's lead coffin, dark from time to time, behind a low metal fence in a niche! I could not resist and put my hand on the cold coffin! It was my farewell to the great poet!

I liked it very much!
We walked through the main building on a tour. The children later said that there was no better excursion in their life. Everything seems to be short, but in the case they tell interesting things, you listen with your mouth open.
Then we went for a walk on our own. Feelings are inexpressible, as if you break away from reality and live in another dimension.
I did not want to leave, I promised myself to return here.

Tarkhany made an indelible impression, I have never seen such a nice, cozy estate! It does not have the splendor and pomposity of Arkhangelsk and so on, but there is something so infinitely human in it, it was created not to impress guests, but to live for the hosts.
The park is well-groomed, but not licked, walking is a pleasure! After the tour, we walked until closing))

This, of course, is not Mikhailovskoye .. As the administrator at the hotel told us: "We have everything compact."
From the first steps you understand that this is a federal museum. Lermontov despite all the vicissitudes Russian history became a national resource.
Everything is strict, there are inscriptions “220” above the sockets, fire extinguishers in hotel rooms. The administrator read the instructions to us and gave us two magazines to sign (!). But there are lifts for the disabled.
Bags are checked at the entrance to the territory of the museum-reserve.
A good department of souvenirs at the museum, where you can buy books, information booklets, reference books.
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The territory is well-groomed, beautiful, comfortable. The family crypt and the church are separate and worth a visit. I am proud to have visited the graves of Pushkin and Lermontov.

We visited Lermontovo on July 31, 2015. We didn’t join the tour, we just bought tickets and that’s it. The price is listed on the site, although it says the cost of the tour, this is the price of the ticket, they just form a group of 10 people or more and conduct an organized tour. 10 people just walked into the miller's house and the caretaker turned on the tape recorder.
We bought tickets and independently examined all the objects. The exhibition center and dining room were closed for renovations.
The overall impression is excellent, a good well-groomed place, a large territory, you can just take a walk. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

Everything is in excellent condition. There is not much entertainment, everything must be ordered in advance, and only for groups of more than 10 people. All in all typical museum, although the territory allows allocating a place for holding various master classes in making toys, taking pictures in national costumes, etc. This would attract visitors.
Recommended to visit.

Konstantin ★★★★★

(15-06-2015)

Definitely, the anniversary did them good. Convenient guest center with cash desk and wifi. Tickets for all available seats total 230 rubles. Issue a map of the estate. It was possible to go on a tour without extra. payment. The only negative - we got on June 12 - a large influx of visitors. And their canteen closed ahead of time - they never found out if it was good.
PS On the same day, their director received the State Prize of the Russian Federation.

I really liked the museum and the estate, the atmosphere is favorable, everything is equipped, restored, in excellent condition. But the influx of visitors is simply super-extraordinary, probably due to the celebrations dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the poet's birth.

Beautiful, well-groomed, well watched, well done! The guide was a little late, but the impressions of the work of the staff are still good - they quickly cope with crowds of people, forming groups that do not bump into each other and do not interfere with each other to watch and listen.

The estate itself and its interior decoration did not reveal anything new, it is typical of such a manor. Probably interesting only to connoisseurs of Mikhail Yurievich's work.
I was impressed by the tiny peasant hut, in which up to 15 (!) People lived at a time. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

It is necessary to show young families who refuse children due to lack of living space)

Nicholas ★☆☆☆☆

(28-09-2011)

The place is beautiful, but the service is HORRIBLE!
We participated in a festive ceremony at the Tarkhany Museum at the wedding of friends.
Museum staff were rude to guests. They ate out the door of one of the guests and simply cursed him.
Gentlemen, you need to respect your client, in large organizations they fire you for less

Were in September, golden autumn in my opinion, the most best time to visit estates. It was very beautiful, we walked in the park, watched the ducks in the pond, rode in a carriage pulled by a horse. The family crypt is located a little far from the estate, you need to drive further along the road. It turned out that a separate ticket was needed to visit, but as a result we were let through without it.

Was with big group friends October 10th. At the entrance to the park, there are rules of conduct, consisting of the sections "obligations" and "forbidden", and a policeman who inspects things and instructs: "do not walk on the lawns, do not climb on the monuments, etc. ...". For schoolchildren, it is probably appropriate, but why report this to a group of 30-year-old citizens of normal appearance? :) In the no less popular Pushgory, they somehow manage without it, and the estate is still intact :). By the way, you can’t just go in and walk around the park without a ticket. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

The excursion itself is a standard memorized text and a strictly limited time spent in each of the rooms (on a day off, groups go in a stream one after another). They only talk about childhood and adolescence. The Caucasian period of the poet's life is completely ignored, not a word about a duel ... But the park with ponds is wonderful, it's very nice to take a walk. It was also unpleasantly surprised that a museum aunt, complete with a policeman, requires a ticket to visit the poet's grave!

In general, despite some excesses of the museum management, the estate is certainly worth a visit,
better on a weekday.

LERMONTOVO (Tarkhany, Nikolskoye, Yakovlevskoye) Belinsky district of the Penza region

Founded on land denied in 1701 to the service people of the Verkhnelomovsky district. In 1732-1736, their land was given to Prince Yakov Petrovich Dolgorukov, who transported peasants from Kostroma and other districts. He founded a village named after him. The peasants were transported from central Russia. In 1742, the Nikolskaya Chapel was built, in the middle of the 19th century - a church in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, hence the church name Nikolskoye.

In 1794, the landowner Mikhail Vasilyevich Arsenyev bought the village in the name of his wife, Elizaveta Alekseevna, née Stolypina, and built a manor in which the childhood and adolescence of the poet M.Yu. Lermontov.

Since 1800, the popular name Tarkhany began to be used, since many peasants tarkhanili and traded.

In 1800 s. Nikolskoye, Yakovlevskoye, Tarkhany also had 4 streets: Ovsyanka, Bugor, Ilyinka, Yashenka. On the eastern outskirts there was a manor house.

During the life of M.Yu. Lermontov in 1836 in the village there were 134 households, 1184 inhabitants, including 120 yard and 1027 corvée peasants.

In the 1860s with. Tarkhany, Yakovlevskoe identity, became the volost center of the Chembarsky district, there was a distillery, lard, 4 butter churns, an orchard. In 1877, 2 churches and a school were shown.

In 1912, the Tarkhan volost included 7 villages and villages, 9 small settlements from 2 to 9 houses of peasants who separated from the community.

Since 1923 - the center of the enlarged volost of the Chembarsky district, since 1928 as part of the Chembarsky (Belinsky) district.

In 1917, by decision of the village meeting, it was renamed in honor of M.Yu. Lermontov. The central estate of the state farm "Lermontovsky"; grain production, dairy and meat animal husbandry, seed production (grass sowing). Outpatient clinic, pharmacy. In the village . Church of Michael the Archangel (active, architectural monument, 1826–40). Tourist base, house of culture, 3 libraries, music school, high school. Monument to fellow villagers who died during the Great Patriotic War.

The artist, Honored Worker of Culture of Russia G.V. lives in the village. Salkov (born in 1942), who created a series of paintings dedicated to the Tarkhans and other topics. Well-known Lermontov scholars V.P. have worked and continue to work in Lermontovo. Arzamastsev (born in 1939), P.A. Vyrypaev (1905–1969), Honored Cultural Worker of Russia T.M. Melnikova (born in 1940), P.A. Frolov (born in 1930).

Population: in 1864 - 787, 1877 - 891, 1897 - 1022, 1926 - 1403, 1930 - 1470, 1959 - 790, 1970 - 929, 1979 - 1178, 1989 - 1241, 1998 - 1261 resident.

Compatriots:

FROLO'V Petr Andreevich(b. 7.7.1930, Lermontovo village Chembar., now Belinsky district), teacher, literary critic, head. otd. Museum "Tarkhany" (since 1977). Graduated from Penz. ped. in-t, taught at the school with. Lermontovo. Participated in the org-tion memor. Museum of A. I. Kuprin in the village. Narovchat. Publication author. in penz. and center. print. Laur. Vseross. lit. awards to them. M. Yu. Lermontov (2000).

Op.: Belinsky. Saratov, 1979; Moments and Eternity: Towards the Origins of M. Yu. Lermontov's Creativity. Saratov, 1982 (with A. D. Semchenko); A. I. Kuprin and the Penza Territory. Saratov, 1984; Lermontov Tarkhans. Saratov, 1987.

[ABOUT. M. Savin. FROLO'V Petr Andreevich / Penza Encyclopedia. M.: Scientific publishing house "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 2001, p. 654.]

Churches

... And if somehow for a moment I succeed
To be forgotten - a memory of recent antiquity
I fly free, free bird;
And I see myself as a child, and around
Native all places: high manor house
And a garden with a destroyed greenhouse;

A green net of herbs will cover a sleeping pond,
And behind the pond the village smokes - and they get up
In the distance fog over the fields.
I enter the dark alley; through the bushes
The evening beam looks, and yellow sheets
Noisy under timid steps.

The edge of Lermontov's childhood - Tarkhany, is easy to recognize in these lines even now.

MUSEUM IN NUMBERS AND DATES

The State Lermontov Museum-Reserve "Tarkhany" is a unique historical and cultural monument of national importance. Half of the life of the great M.Yu. passed here. Lermontov. Here, in the nobility-manor environment, the diversity of folk life, in communion with nature, with the riches of his native language, he received indelible impressions. Here are the origins of his attitude and character, many of his creations. The ashes of the poet also rest here.

The State Lermontov Museum-Reserve "Tarkhany" has three exposition complexes.
The first complex includes: a former manor house, the Church of Mary of Egypt, a restored people's hut and a key keeper's house, a reserved park, three orchards, an oak grove, and ponds.
The second complex is the Arseniev-Lermontov cemetery with a chapel above it, where the poet rests, the grave of the poet's father located next to the chapel, the rural church of Michael the Archangel and the gatehouse.
The third complex is the estate of "sweet aunt" M.A. Shan Giray Apalikha, located three kilometers from Tarkhan, is the second home of Lermontov.

State Museum of M.Yu. Lermontov was opened in 1939 in the village of Lermontovo (until February 1917 the village of Tarkhany) on the estate of the poet's grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva (nee Stolypina). In 1969 it was transformed into State Museum-Reserve"Tarkhans". In 1997, by the Decree of the President of Russia, the museum was included in the State Code of Particularly Valuable Objects cultural heritage peoples Russian Federation. The director of the museum since 1977 is the Honored Worker of Culture of Russia Tamara Mikhailovna Melnikova.

The area of ​​the Lermontov Museum-Reserve is about 140 hectares. The museum's funds number about 28 thousand units, of which the main fund - 14 thousand units. The gold fund of the museum consists of items that belonged to the great poet. "Tarkhany" contains and stores editions of works by M.Yu. Lermontov, both lifetime and posthumous, original illustrations for them by many prominent artists (M. Vrubel, K. Korovin, I. Repin, etc.).
"Tarkhany" - the richest repository of original and rare items of the landowner's estate life of the XVIII - early. XIX centuries: furniture, dishes, painting, arts and crafts, sculpture, a wonderful collection of books by Russian and foreign authors that make up the circle of interests of M.Yu. Lermontov.

"Tarkhany" is a tall example of a manor landscape gardening art. Their natural resources unique - parks with alleys, terraced slopes, cascades of picturesque ponds, orchards, groves...

Since its opening, the museum has become the country's largest research and educational center for Lermontov studies; the museum holds scientific conferences, the materials of which, as well as the research of the museum staff, are published in a scientific collection.
The museum is constantly improving the forms of work with visitors:
- theatrical tours,
- literary and musical evenings,
- folklore holidays,
- quizzes,
- the day of the last call and the day of knowledge,
- the last lesson of literature for graduates,
- a theatrical performance of "Charm of Past Days" with elements of a ball of Lermontov's time.

Now "Tarkhany" is busy with the revival of local crafts: weaving, basket weaving, pottery, knitting. Since 1971, the All-Russian Lermontov holidays have been held in Tarkhany.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE ESTATE

The lands occupied by the Tarkhany State Lermontov Museum-Reserve have an ancient history dating back to the Petrine era. The Tarkhan chronicle begins in 1701. The founder of the village and its first owner was Prince Yakov Petrovich Dolgorukov, Lieutenant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. Since 1794, the owners of the estate were E.A. and M.V. Arsenievs, future grandparents M.Yu. Lermontov.
The reason for the emergence of the name of the village "Tarkhany" is that, earning a quitrent, the peasants (the former famous Kostroma peddlers) continued to peddle in a new place, but received a new nickname - "Tarkhany" (According to V. Dahl: "Tarkhan" - in Tambov , Penza and Saratov provinces - prasol, lighthouse, buyer in the villages of canvas, flax, hemp, skins, etc.”). The main occupation of the peasants remained arable farming, but along with it they actively "tarkhanili". E.A. Arsenyeva, although she transferred the peasants from quitrent to corvée, she encouraged the "tarkhanism" of the peasants and even opened a fair in the village.
For many years the village had two names: more official - Yakovlevsky, everyday - Tarkhany. The earliest mention of the name "Tarkhany" is found in 1806 in the metric book of St. Nicholas Church.
February 19, 1795 E.A. Arsenyeva filed a petition to enter her into the possession of the estate and became the lawful and sovereign mistress of the estate. She owned Tarkhany for half a century, was an energetic, skillful and enterprising mistress (during her reign, the estate began to bring a decent income). Throughout the history of the village, E.A. Arsenyeva was the only landowner who lived here and left Tarkhan only for a while, leaving the household under the care of the clerk S. Matveev and the manager F. Sokolov. The longest absence of Arsenyeva was in 1820-1835, when she lived with her grandson in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

HISTORY OF THE MUSEUM

In 1914, a school was built in the village in memory of Lermontov, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth.
October 5, 1918 V.I. Lenin signed a decree according to which all ancient monuments were declared public property. In September 1918 A.P. Lunacharsky, the people's commissar of education, invited E.N. Baryshev and instructed him to take Tarkhany's estate under guard and restore order in it. In October of the same year, at the initiative of Baryshev, the Chembarsky Executive Committee declared the Tarkhany estate the property of the Soviet state.
Despite the fact that in October 1918 Tarkhany was declared the property of the Soviet state as a cultural monument, the village council remained the owner of the estate. In 1925, the Lermontov state farm with the estate and all the property was leased to the Lermontov horse-breeding partnership "Lermontov trotter". In a very short time, almost all outbuildings were demolished, and an office was located in the manor house. From 1928 to 1930, a school for collective farm youth was located in the Lermontov house, and then the lower floor was used to store grain, and the upper (mezzanine) was used to keep poultry.
In the guest book of those years there are entries riddled with pain for fate memorable places. “A century in time and a form of being are moving us away from a genius, a prophet of life... Human greed has destroyed your dwelling, the ignorance and stupidity of your fellow citizens have covered the tombstone with a web of desolation. But your thought is alive, immortal images and colors are alive, and with them your name and memory of you will live forever! - such an entry was made in a memorial book on the poet's grave in 1923.
The Penza Museum Commission sounded the alarm, sending alarming letters to all instances, proving that Lermontov's shrines were "threatened to integrity and safety."
Only in 1934, the Presidium of the Central Volga Regional Executive Committee (which then belonged to the Penza region) declared the Tarkhany estate a reserve. And again, years passed before practical measures were taken to implement this decree. In the Memorable Book in the 1930s, there are such entries: “... the grave is in a forgotten state, the windows are without glass, the room itself is full of snow...”, “how local authorities allowed to disfigure the chapel in which the ashes of Lermontov are buried so horribly? A ruined church, an empty garden, a broken fence...”
In the photograph of 1932, the manor house is in the most unattractive form: the balconies are destroyed, there are no chimneys and drainpipes, the windows are broken, the lining is chipped.
Only in 1936, repairs and restoration began, the collection of exhibits, work on the organization of the Lermontov Museum. For a detailed examination of the Lermontov crypt and the manor house, a special commission was created, it included Alexander Ivanovich Khramov, the first director of the Lermontov Museum.

The creators of the first exposition in Lermontov's house were employees of the State Literary Museum: M.D. Belyaev - chief custodian of funds, T.A. Ivanova, N.P. Pakhomov - consultant, E.K. Rylova - graphic designer.
On May 1, 1939, access to the coffin of Lermontov was opened, and on July 30, 1939, the Lermontov house-museum was solemnly opened. On the square in front of the chapel, a solemn meeting was held in honor of the opening of the museum, which was attended by more than 2 thousand people. On July 31, 1931, the Vechernyaya Moskva newspaper reported: “Yesterday, the village of Lermontovo experienced a joyful day. The Lermontov Museum is solemnly opened here.
In the first years of the museum's existence, M.Yu. Lermontov, the only exposition building on the estate was the manor house, the atmosphere of which told about the life and work of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.
In 1944, the Lermontov house-museum was transformed into a museum-estate; V.A. was appointed director. Kornilov (A.I. Khramov became the director of the museum of V.G. Belinsky). Immediately V.A. Kornilov raised the issue of recognizing the estate museum State Reserve. In March 1948, a decision was made by the Council of Ministers of the USSR “on the allotment of the museum-estate of M.Yu. Lermontov for the organization of the Lermontov Reserve 9.6 hectares of land.
In 1960, the museum was included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of republican significance, in 1969 it was transformed into the State Lermontov Museum-Reserve.
The museum-reserve now includes a manor estate in Tarkhany with a complex of memorial monuments from the beginning of the 19th century, the Arseniev-Lermontov family necropolis and the Apalikha estate near Tarkhan, where M.Yu. Lermontov often visited the family of his aunt M.A. Shan Giray.
In 1997, the Tarkhany State Lermontov Museum-Reserve was included in the State Code of Particularly Valuable Cultural Heritage Objects of the Peoples of the Russian Federation.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the Tarkhany Museum-Reserve carried out the first stage of a major restoration of protected objects, and a complex of museum expositions was created. In the 1990s, large-scale work was carried out to complete restoration activities and expand the museum's infrastructure.

DEVICE ESTATE

“... Tarkhans. The manor's house, one-story, with a mezzanine, was surrounded by services and buildings. On the other side of the manor house there is a luxurious garden, located on a semi-mountain. Lilac, jasmine and rose bushes bordered the flower garden in flower beds, from which shady alleys led into the depths of the garden. One of them, lined with acacias, fused at the top with a real vault, led downhill to a pond. From the semi-mountain, a view opened up to the village with the church, and then the fields stretched, leaving into the blue depths of the fog. P.A. Viskovatov. From the book “Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. Life and art"

The estates created on the territory of Russia differed from each other. Pleasure residences crowded closer to the capitals: Ostankino, Kuskovo, Arkhangelskoye - near Moscow; Gatchina and Pavlovsk - near St. Petersburg. These are highly artistic estates, with a complex layout, luxury and richness of decoration, stylistic unity of the overall design.
The farther from both capitals into the depths of Russia, the more and more "economic" estates appeared, the architecture and parks of which are relatively simple. Most of these houses were. As a rule, the average estate freely combined several functions: it was both a pleasure residence, a place of quiet solitude, and the owner's economic enterprise. In the summer, young people had fun in it, balls and performances were held, old people quietly whiled away their days; the enterprising owner arranged his manufacturing ventures here.

The estate of the poet's grandmother E.A. Arsenyeva. A landowner of Catherine's hardening, Arsenyeva built the Tarkhan estate in full accordance with her position in society. At some distance from the peasant huts, on a steep bank, stood a large manor house with more than thirty rooms, with terraces and white columns.
Gardens, ponds, outbuildings, a park with a permanent gazebo, openwork bridges, lilacs and acacias, linden alleys, a rose garden, planned according to all the rules of architecture and estate construction - all this surrounded the house and was part of the concept of "Russian estate". On the site of the first manor house, in memory of the daughter of Maria Mikhailovna, who died early, Arsenyeva built a small church of Mary of Egypt, and a new house was built twenty steps from the church, much smaller than the previous one.

On the western side of the manor house there was a front part with a rose garden and a park, and on the eastern side there was an economic yard. Outbuildings were built in two rows in the yard. In the northeast, near the manor's house, there was a small wooden outbuilding, divided into two halves by a passage; a clerk and a housekeeper lived in it; behind it, closer to the pond, there was a glacier from wild stone. The master's kitchen was placed in line with the house of the key keeper, and behind it was a brick cowshed and a wooden carriage house. Below, on the slope of the ravine, there was a bathhouse. The following services were located in the southeast of the manor's house: a people's hut with a pantry and a glacier for food storage; far behind the servants' quarters stood a forage shed and a wooden stable for traveling horses. By the master's pond stood a barn and barns.
Time has also changed the mansion. After the death of M.Yu. Lermontov and the death of the mistress of the estate Tarkhana, according to her spiritual will, passed to her younger brother Afanasy Alekseevich. A.A. Stolypin lived in the Saratov province, Ivan Abramovich Sokolov, who was at one time a servant of Mikhail Yuryevich and accompanied along with A.I. Sokolov and I.N. Vertyukov the ashes of the poet from Pyatigorsk to Tarkhany.

In the same 1867, P.N. replaced the manager Gorchakov. Zhuravlev, a fairly educated person and probably understands the significance of the Tarkhan estate. P.N. Zhuravlev restored the manor house in its former form. A.P. tells about how the house looked at that time. Kuznetsova, who served as a maid with Zhuravlev: “The manor house was with a mezzanine, as it is now. Its walls were pale yellow, the roof green, and the columns white... Mikhail Yuryevich's room was covered with yellow wallpaper, and it had a fireplace; the furniture in it was yellow, upholstered in yellow silk. There was a bed with folding walls like a sofa. In the living room there were two stoves made of white tiles, and the floor was cut into parquet ... In the tea room there was a cupboard with expensive dishes left after Arsenyeva.
The originality of the manor ensemble in Tarkhany is given by the church, preserved from the beginning of the 19th century, which is interesting in terms of architectural design, which E.A. Arsenyeva built in 1819 on the site of an old house in memory of her daughter. The church was “side-altar”, did not have its own staff, as indicated in the clergy statements of the Nizhnelomovsky spiritual board for 1841: “... the side-altar, warm, stone building, in a special place, was built and consecrated in 1820 in the name of St. Reverend Mary Egyptian."

In Lermontov's time, in the center of the village, there was another church "of a wooden building, in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, built in 1775, consecrated in 1776." The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was dismantled "because of dilapidation" and transferred to the rural cemetery in 1826. Instead, at the expense of E.A. Arsenyeva built a new, brick one, the throne was consecrated in 1840 in the name of Michael the Archangel, who was considered the patron saint of the poet. Historically, it so happened that from 1826 to 1840 all the rites were performed in the Church of Mary of Egypt. On major holidays, parishioners from all over the area flocked to the manor's estate for solemn services. The church was one of the main social institutions in the life of the people. Birth, baptism, presence at confession, wedding, death - all the most important milestones in the fate of a Russian person were consecrated by a church rite. Lermontov, like all the inhabitants of his grandmother's house, especially often visited the Church of Mary of Egypt.

“Lermontov grew up in Tarkhany, like a rich barchuk - his grandmother did everything so that he could study, develop well physically. He had several rooms on the mezzanine. In the nursery there is a tiled couch, a sofa and an armchair upholstered in yellow silk, the walls are also yellow, so that on a sunny day it shone like a flashlight. The windows overlooked the garden... The floor was covered with cloth - the boy drew on it with colored crayons. Several boys and girls lived in the estate for a long time - close and distant relatives. All together they played, did gymnastics, learned to ride, rode in the winter from the icy mountains, organized a children's theater. V.V. Afanasiev. From the book. "I love my homeland ... Lermontov's places"

The museum exposition in this church, based on authentic materials and documents of the era, expands the understanding of the cultural environment in which the poet's childhood and adolescence passed.
The interior of the church has been restored in accordance with a photograph of the iconostasis from 1923 and an inventory of property compiled in 1925. The iconostasis is made of oak, with gilding on carved details. The icons of the late 18th - early 19th centuries took their former place. Images of the Mother of God, Nicholas the Wonderworker, Michael the Archangel were here in Lermontov's time. Among the items of church use are a bowl for holy water, a font, trays for collecting alms, a chalice (a bowl for communion), a monstrance. On the throne - the Gospel, published at the end of the XVIII century.
Not far from the manor house, in 1968, a small wooden outbuilding was restored on the former foundation, where two families of privileged servants of the Tarkhan mistress lived in Lermontov's time: the family of the housekeeper and the family of the clerk. Now the wing houses an exposition dedicated to the peasant environment of M.Yu. Lermontov.

"THIS IS A PLACE WHERE I WILL REST..."

The architectural complex of the reserve in the center of the village was historically formed under the poet's grandmother, E.A. Arsenyeva. Three memorial buildings of the XIX century: the Church of Michael the Archangel, the chapel and the gatehouse - are surrounded by a brick fence (restored in 1967).
In the Bulletin of the Church of the Archangel Michael of the Chembarsky district of the village Yakovlevsky Tarkhany also for 1831” it is written:
"1. It has been built since 1826 with the care of the aforesaid village of the landowner of the guard, lieutenant Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, instead of the wooden one, which was destroyed due to dilapidation.
2. The building is made of stone with the same bell tower, finished in a rough structure and covered with iron, both the church and the bell tower, but it has not yet been plastered with lime, it does not yet have floors and windows.
3. The throne in it is appointed one in this cold in the name of the Archangel Michael.
4. Utensils are sufficient.
M.Yu. Lermontov saw the church still unfinished when, in the winter of 1836, he spent his first officer's vacation in Tarkhany. Probably, the construction of a church in the grandmother's patrimony, and even being built in the name of his patron saint, was not left unattended by him. For 1836, a description of the church under construction has been preserved: Vedomosti notes that “the church is plastered inside with lime, floors and “windows” are not yet available, but “the iconostasis with local icons is ready.” The construction of the church was completed in 1839, and E.A. Arsenyeva expected to come to her consecration, but, as E.A. Vereshchagin, "surrendered to the requests of her grandson, postponed her departure from St. Petersburg to Tarkhany for the consecration of the church."

The church was consecrated just one year before the death of the poet, in 1840. Moreover, as P.K. Shugaev, "in an original way: so, it was timed that on the day of its consecration three babies were baptized, three weddings were married and three dead people were buried."
The church functioned as a religious building until the 1930s, and after closing it was used first as a warehouse, then it was adapted for a village club and a library.
In 1947, at the request of believers, the church was reopened for worship, but not for long, and in 1963 the church building and the gatehouse became the property of the museum. The transfer of the church from one hand to another had a negative effect on it: most of the murals made during the life of E.A. Arsenyeva (painting from the middle of the 19th century was preserved in three lunettes), and only a very small part of the church decoration was saved. In the 1980s, a serious restoration of the monument was carried out: the copper roof was restored, the architectural completions were changed in accordance with the earliest photographic image, the porches, porches, etc. were repaired. Instead of the first museum exhibition “The Life and Works of M.Yu. Lermontov" after the completion of restoration work in the church, a new literary exposition Lermontov in the memory of generations.

Since 1992, the rural church of Michael the Archangel has been reopened to parishioners. However, based on the fact that the monument has not only cult, but also historical and literary significance, the church was left on the balance of the museum; the museum is engaged in the restoration of icons, murals, preparation of a project for the restoration of the iconostasis and interior decoration. Every year on the day of the death of M.Yu. Lermontov, July 27, a memorial service and a funeral liturgy are served.
Probably, in the Church of Michael the Archangel on April 21, 1842, for two days, a coffin with the ashes of the poet delivered from Pyatigorsk was installed for the last farewell. On April 23, 1842, the burial took place. The words of a sixteen-year-old poet came true:

I love my homeland
And more than many: among its fields
There is a place where I began to know sorrow
There is a place where I will rest
When my ashes, mixed with the earth,
Forever the former look will leave its own.

At that time, burials occupied the entire area from the chapel to the pre-altar part of the church and the eastern side of the fence. The graves of Mikhail Vasilyevich Arseniev and Maria Mikhailovna Lermontova were located near the eastern wall of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. When a new one was built to replace the St. Nicholas Church, the burials were away from the church. Lermontov was buried next to his grandfather and mother. A monument of black marble was erected over the poet's grave, on which was carved in gold letters: “Mikhailo Yuryevich Lermontov. 1814-1841". Among the youthful records of Lermontov is this: “My will ... lay a stone; and - let nothing be written on it, if my name alone will not be enough to give him immortality! To his left is a monument to the poet's mother, a broken anchor on the cross symbolizes her tragic fate, on the monument there is an inscription: “Under this stone lies the body of M.M. Lermontova, nee Arsenyeva. Deceased 1817 February 24 days on Saturday. Her life was 21 years 11 months and 7 days.
On the right is a monument to my grandfather, M.V. Arseniev (1768-1810).
In 1843, over the graves dear to her, E.A. Arsenyeva built a chapel. Here, in the family tomb, she herself was buried four years after the death of her grandson. The inscription on a marble slab installed in the chapel under the window reads: “Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, born Stolypin, died on November 16, 1845. 85 years. (The age is incorrect, Arsenyeva died at the age of 73.)

The grave monument of Lermontov was carved from black marble, in the form of a small four-sided column, on one side of which a bronze gilded laurel wreath was attached, and on the other two the time of the poet's birth and death was engraved, indicating that he lived 26 years and 10 months. A silver lampada hung in the chapel, and several images were embedded in the wall to the east. That's all that was on the grave of the greatest poetic genius ... "
In 1891, on July 15 (July 27, according to the new style), on the day of the 50th anniversary of his death, a solemn memorial service and a funeral liturgy were served at the poet's grave.

On December 5, 1936, a special commission, in preparation for the opening of the museum, opened and examined the Lermontov crypt. On May 1, 1939, access was opened to Lermontov's coffin, the poet's grave was turned into a mausoleum.
In 1973, employees of the Kostroma Special Scientific and Restoration Production Workshop carried out the restoration of the murals in the chapel. They washed, cleaned the old murals from later records and fixed the original compositions (in 1997, the same specialists re-restored the murals).
In 1974, the remains of the poet's father were buried near the chapel. The grave is surrounded by a cast-iron fence and marked with a slab of gray marble.
A mighty oak grows at the entrance to the chapel. In 1859, Lermontov's servant A.I. Sokolov said: “The old lady, as soon as Mikhail Yuryevich was buried, was immediately ordered to dig out of the forest and plant several young oak trees near the chapel, of which only one was taken ...”
I.N., who wrote this evidence. Zakharyin-Yakunin remarked: “The cherished desire of the poet, expressed by him in his inspired poem-prayer“ I go out alone on the road ... ”has also partially come true:

I wish I could sleep like this forever
So that the life of strength dozes in the chest,
So that, breathing, the chest rises quietly;
So that all night, all day cherishing my hearing
A sweet voice sang to me about love,
Above me, so that, forever green.
The dark oak leaned and rustled.

GARDENS AND PARKS

At a distance of a verst to the east, in the bend of the ravine formed by the Mararaika River, the foundation was laid for a new estate, which was built according to all the rules of the then estate construction and is currently a monument of landscape gardening art of that time. A manor house was built on a cliff above the Big Pond. Near and far opened from him scenic views to ponds, fields, a grove, a church. Due to the richness of the surrounding landscape, there was no need to improve a large area.
The new estate was divided into two parts: front (with a house and a park) and utility (with various outbuildings). During its planning, the principle of that time was used: the inclusion of natural details in the decoration of the estate. Ponds, groves and fields, framing a small well-groomed park, emphasized its harmony and severity. A cascade of ponds was created in the ravine and the bed of the Mararaika River. The upper, or Barsky, pond is held by a dam at the entrance to the estate. The most significant in terms of area was called Nizhny, or Bolshoi, it stretches through the whole village to the village church. Between these two formed the Middle. Thus, artificial decorative elements were enhanced by natural ones. In the south, the Round Garden connected with the Oak Grove and formed a single green massif. To the east, the compositional certainty of the Far Garden contrasted with the wide plain that stretched to the Long Forest. By western slope alleys of the park ran in terraces from the manor house.

The design of the estate had another feature. Artistic elements combined with practical necessity: ornamental shrubs (jasmine, wild rose, yellow acacia, honeysuckle) acted in an ensemble with fruit plantations - apple trees, cherries, pears, currants, gooseberries, plums, raspberries, barberries.

Memoirs, as well as special studies, served as material for the creation of a project for the restoration of green spaces, developed in 1969-1971 (Moscow enterprise "Lesproekt", author - V.A. Agaltsova). By 1990, the design work was largely completed. As a result, the main features of the estate have been restored: the park has become "open", bright, it now consists, as in Lermontov's time, of ornamental shrubs and several alleys lined with pines, lindens, willows. A picturesque group of trees between the keykeeper's house and the Church of Mary of Egypt, and an old elm tree near the manor's house adorn the park. Orchards, flower gardens, elements of park architecture (gazebo, sod bench, etc.), oak grove, apiary have been restored.
A direct road leads from the former Chembarsky tract to the estate. The entrance to the estate passes through the dam of the Barsky Pond, lined with willows. On east coast pond in the thickets of lilacs, buildings are visible: the old Arseniev barn and the restored stable. At the turn of the dam to the right, a view of the former landowner's house opens up.

On the dam of the Middle Pond, you can go to a high hill, where something special will open up, you will not find this in other noble estates - “trenches” - a place for war games of the future poet. Lermontov in childhood was especially fond of this fun upon his return from Pyatigorsk, where his grandmother took him to improve his health and where he heard a lot about the war with the highlanders. He even had his own "regiment", which consisted of his peers.

“When Mikhail Yuryevich grew up and entered adolescence,” say the old-timers of the village of Tarkhany, “one-year-old boys were recruited for him from the yard boys, uniformed in military clothes, and Mikhail Yuryevich taught them, played military games, war, robbers.” P.A. Viskovatov. From the book “Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. Life and art"

Another favorite childhood game of the boy was the swing, which was arranged on an old elm tree. “In the middle of the yard,” Lermontov wrote in the unfinished story “I want to tell you,” there was a swing; on Sundays, the servants crowded around them, and sometimes two maids sat down on a half-rotten board hanging between two dubious ropes, and two of the most amiable lackeys, each holding the end of a thick rope, threw the modest couple under the clouds: the boys clapped their hands when the timid maidens they started squealing - and everyone had a lot of fun. Elm grew at the southwestern corner of the manor house. In the summer of 1941, a storm broke its trunk and it collapsed. How powerful the elm was can be judged by the drawing by P.A. Viskovatogo yes according to the rest of the tree, which is placed in the house of the key keeper.

On the southern slope of the park near the pond, for almost two centuries, an oak stood, which, according to legend, was planted by Lermontov as a child. In 1995, a storm uprooted a mighty tree. Its frame has been preserved, and an oak tree, born from the acorn of an old tree, is already growing nearby.
Here, in the southern part of the park, on the slopes of the hill, an orchard Middle Garden is planted. It descends from the old pine alley to the very water.
From the hill where the cherry part of the Middle Garden is located, from the place of the “destroyed greenhouse”, a view of the hilly valley of the Mararaika River opens.

Exposition of the museum-estate

The exposition of the manor house recreates the atmosphere of the noble culture of Lermontov's time, reveals the poet's biographical and creative ties with the Tarkhans.
The hostess Tarkhan, the poet's grandmother, Elizaveta Alekseevna, was the daughter of a wealthy Penza landowner Alexei Emelyanovich Stolypin, provincial marshal of the nobility and owner of a serf theater famous in Moscow and the provinces in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
She was recalled that she was "a wonderful woman in mind and courtesy", and at the same time "despotic inflexible character, accustomed to command."

“Mikhail Yurievich was dearly loved by his grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseniev, who raised him, and her memory is closely connected with the name of the poet ... According to the stories of those who knew her in her advanced years, she was of medium height, slender, with strict, decisive, but very pretty features. An important posture, calm, intelligent, unhurried speech subordinated society and persons who had to deal with it. She held herself upright and walked, leaning lightly on a cane, she said “you” to everyone and never hesitated to express to anyone what she considered fair. P.A. Viskovatov. From the book “Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. Life and art"

Her husband, retired lieutenant Mikhail Vasilyevich Arseniev, grandfather M.Yu. Lermontov, was a passionate theatergoer. During his lifetime, home amateur performances were often staged in the Tarkhan manor house.
A copy of the 3rd chapter of Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin", published in 1827, owned personally by Lermontov, brought by him from Moscow in the spring of 1828, is exhibited in the classroom. There is also an album of the Naryshkins with two original youthful drawings by Lermontov, as well as copies of several of his children's watercolors. In the closet and on the shelf there are many books by Russian and foreign authors from the reading circle of Lermontov the boy.
Some of the things that surrounded it have survived to this day: two deep quadrangular chairs, trimmed with yellow damask, woven with floral ornaments; his mother's dressing table; the ceremonial handkerchiefs of his mother and grandmother, trimmed with French lace and skillfully embroidered with white silk; a small old mirror in a modest rectangular mahogany frame. All these memorials are presented in the exposition of the manor house. In Lermontov's room, there is also an icon of the Mother of God "The guarantor of sinners", which has recently entered the museum. According to legend, she was in the house of E.A. Arsenyeva is in the mezzanine.

The effect of the poet's "presence" is enhanced by his personal belongings: a travel box, a cigarette case, a hemp pipe with an amber mouthpiece, a porcelain inkwell in the form of a seated lioness with a bowl at its paws, a seal with a retractable knife for cutting paper (on the basis of the seal, Lermontov's monogram: "ML") , his drawings in albums, the original painting "Caucasian view near the village of Sioni", presented to my grandmother after returning from the first Caucasian exile. The bookcases contain books by Russian and foreign authors from Lermontov's reading circle.
Description of exhibits

Album
Bound in light brown morocco with embossed floral designs. On the top cover there is a decoration made of gilded bronze in the form of a shield, against the background of acanthus leaves there is also a clasp of gilded bronze with a pattern above a bouquet of flowers. There were 54 sheets in the album, of which 2 were cut out, 42 were blank. Its size is 25.8x20.9x1.8 cm.

travel box
Made from walnut, dark brown. Decorated modestly. Two rosettes remained on the lid, to which a bronze handle was attached. On the sides there were also small bronze handles in the form of lion heads with rings in their teeth (one of them has been preserved). Rectangular, length - 25, width - 17 and height - 12 cm. Inside there are several compartments for storing letters, documents, money, as well as a secret lock, which was closed with a key.

"Eugene Onegin"
The book is the first (separate) edition of the third chapter of the novel (St. Petersburg, 1827). It is in soft cover in grayish color. Size 18x.11.5 cm, it has 51 pages.

Smoking pipe
Foam, in a gold frame with an amber mouthpiece. The case in which it is placed is cardboard, pasted over with thin golden-brown suede on top, inside is a white satin lining. On the inside of the lid there is a factory mark: an image of winged lions embossed in gold, supporting a medallion with two crossed tubes, a coat of arms and an inscription in English: “Finest quality” (best quality).
According to the conclusion of the specialist of the Ostankino Museum A.F. Chervyakov, the pipe was made in 1820-1830.

Signet
The signet is made of bronze and dates back to the first third of the 19th century. It was made very ingeniously: on a cone-shaped rod 6.8 cm long, a flat circle with carved with Latin letters“ML”, a folding knife is attached to the rod, which fits inside the cavity of the rod, the rod is inserted into a bronze case.

Cigarette case
Metal cigarette case, flat, size 18x12 cm, on the top cover there is an image (in oil) of a dog - a black and white setter. Inside are three long - eleven-centimeter - cigarettes.
On the inside of the cover there is a scratched signature according to the old spelling: “Lermontov was killed by Martynov in Pyatigorsk, 1841, July 15th. Sad memory."
Below in hazelnut ink: "Gifted by Lermontov A. G. Rema."

Cheti-Minei
The book is bound (wooden covers, spine lost) with metal clasps. Printed. Moscow, 1754. Chet'i-Minei for the month of August.

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