Is the separation of the North Caucasus from Russia inevitable: opinions. Resort area of ​​Gelendzhik

Rustem VAKHITOV

Last week, in lyceum No. 94, engineers of the fire prevention department of the MBU of the Fire Department of the city of Ufa for the Sovetsky District, together with the Department of Supervisory Activities and Preventive Work of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia for
05.03.2019 Administration of the city district of Ufa Photo: UFA, March 4, 2019. /Bashinform News Agency/. A solemn reception in honor of International Women's Day was held in the Ufa Congress Hall "Toratau" on March 4.
05.03.2019 Bashinform On March 4, a regular meeting in the Stroychas format was held at the House of the Government of the Republic of Belarus.
04.03.2019 Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The Sterlitamak Territorial Department of the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Belarus, when considering the materials of the audit of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the city of Sterlitamak, found that
03/04/2019 Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Belarus

Rest in the Caucasus is a great time that gives a good mood for the whole year. In addition, on local resorts health can be restored. The areas located along the Black Sea coast are characterized by a developed recreational network. On their territory is a large number of resort towns and cities. can be conditionally divided into four recreation areas. They formed around Gelendzhik, Anapa, Sochi and Tuapse. All these cities of the Caucasus are major tourist centers.

The resort area of ​​Anapa

Along the Black Sea coast, flat plateaus and rocky shores stretch for eighty kilometers, pebble beaches And sand dunes, mud hills and juniper relict forests. All this is the Anapa resort.

The sanatoriums of the Caucasus in this zone are located not only in the city itself, but also in the adjacent settlements- Vityazevo, Blagoveshchenskoye, Sukko, Bimlyuk, and Dzhemete.

Rest in the Caucasus in the city of Anapa is preferred by couples with children. Exactly this sunny place on the Black Sea coast (280 days a year). Average annual temperature water in the coastal marine zone is 15.5 degrees, and air - 11.9 above zero. You can swim in Anapa from May to October.
In this resort there are mineral water springs, which are used not only for table, but also for medicinal drinking, as well as for balneological-type procedures. Practice in Anapa and a very unusual form of getting rid of many ailments. This is ampelotherapy, or grape therapy. On the sea plantations of the city, oysters, mussels and rapans are grown, which are used for dietary nutrition of vacationers.

Numerous sanatoriums of the Caucasus, rest houses, boarding houses, camp sites, youth and children's health centers are located in this resort area. In total, there are two hundred and thirty health resorts in the indicated Black Sea territory, designed for the simultaneous residence of forty-five thousand people.

Entertainment

Guests of Anapa can visit the water park built here, which is called the Golden Beach. There is a park in the nearby village of Sukko. extreme entertainment. Built on its territory picturesque castle"Lion's Head", which in its architecture is similar to the medieval defensive structure. It can accommodate 1,200 visitors at the same time, who will have the opportunity to see the colorful show program of the jousting tournament, shoot at the shooting range with a crossbow and become participants in some other rituals in the spirit of that time.

The resort city of Anapa has numerous tour agencies, entertainment and cultural institutions, travel companies. There is a railway and bus station, sea ​​port and airport.

Treatment

Rest in the Caucasus in the resort area of ​​​​Anapa is a great opportunity to improve your health. Among the one hundred and seventy-six sanatorium institutions of this region, a quarter are year-round. An important therapeutic factor of the resort are sand, air and sun baths, as well as swimming in the sea.

Getting rid of various pathologies is facilitated by the use of iodine-bromine water and mud therapy. The main profile of the resort area of ​​Anapa are diseases of the vessels and heart, nervous system, digestive and respiratory organs. Semigorsk waters are used in health resorts for medical nutrition mineral springs. And the mud from the Anapa deposits may well compete with even the most famous cosmetic and therapeutic mud existing on our planet.

Resort area of ​​Gelendzhik

It stretched along the Black Sea for a hundred kilometers. The sanatoriums of the Caucasus, located on its territory, are very popular with vacationers.

The city of Gelendzhik is located on the shore of a beautiful bay of the same name. It is protected from storms and storms by the bordering of the picturesque Caucasus Mountains.

Gelendzhik Bay is not only an ideal harbor. Calm, warmed by the sun and pure water is excellent for swimming.

The resort town is spread out on the seashore in the form of an amphitheatre. At the same time, it is surrounded by green picturesque slopes Markotkhsky ridge, from which the main Sand and pebble beaches stretched for tens of kilometers at the very foot of the mountains.

Climatic conditions

Holidays in the Caucasus in the Gelendzhik zone will be unforgettable for any person. This is facilitated by the unique nature of the region. Climatic conditions in Gelendzhik correspond to the Mediterranean type. This is both early spring and dry, cool summer ( average temperature is plus twenty-four degrees), and the gentle sea. At the same time, the evergreen vegetation of the region and the freshness of the rivers descending from the mountains, the absence of large flows of transport and industrial enterprises are attractive for vacationers.

Priority directions in treatment

Rest in the Caucasus at sea in the resort area of ​​Gelendzhik is preferred by people suffering from pulmonary pathologies. Air saturated with air ions contributes to the elimination of these diseases. These elements useful for the human body have a beneficial effect on all organs.

Excursions and entertainment

Gelendzhik is famous not only for its unique nature with healing powers. This city has fascinating story. In the vicinity of Gelendzhik there are monuments ancient civilization. Guests of this wonderful land can get acquainted with the same age as the pyramids of Egypt - dolmens. These are structures made of stone slabs. It is believed that they were built in the period from the third to the second century BC. Around resort town there are ruins of ancient fortresses and medieval burial mounds. In Gelendzhik itself there is a water park and an adventure park.

Tuapse resort area

Where to go in summer? In the event that the place where you are going to rest is Black Sea coast Caucasus, it is worth paying attention to the territory of the Tuapse region. On it are such resort villages, like Lermontovo and Dzhubga, Olginka and Novomikhailovsky, Agoy and others.

stretched out Tuapse district along the main Caucasian ridge. Its territory is eighty kilometers long and forty-three wide. In the center of this resort area are located sandy beaches, and on the outskirts - pebble and stone. Along the entire coast of the region there are wide valleys, where citrus plantations, orchards and vineyards grow.

Climatologists consider the Tuapse region very favorable for treatment, rehabilitation and recreation. This is facilitated by forests that approach the water itself.

If you come to the Caucasus, a recreation center or car camping, a “star” hotel or health resort will receive you at a high level and give you unforgettable days. Tuapse resort area is great place for children and family vacation. Here is the health resort "Eaglet". It's a big one child Center, which annually accepts up to fifteen thousand teenagers from all over Russia. On the territory of the district there are two hundred and sixty health-improving institutions, in which more than 32,000 people can rest at the same time.

All health resorts in the Tuapse resort area are built along the Black Sea coast. Vacationers are given the opportunity to have a great time on the beaches. Not far from Tuapse (15 km from the city), the most big water park in Russia - "Dolphin". Fans of antiquity can visit excursions and get acquainted with ancient monuments - dolmens. The Psynako-1 mound is also located here. This mysterious megalithic complex dedicated to the pagan god of the Sun and is the Caucasian analogue of the English Stonehenge.

The resort area of ​​Sochi

There is a large area along the Black Sea coast, which is very popular among vacationers. This famous resort, the uniqueness of which lies in the huge variety of therapeutic natural factors. Its center is the city of Sochi. It is located in the North Caucasus and features one of a kind climatic conditions. Here the subtropics are adjacent to eternal ice. The air in the resort is refreshed by the breezes that blow from the sea during the day and from the mountains at night. Thanks to this, there is no heat in Sochi.

For the treatment of vacationers, the resort offers a variety of mineral waters, and for accommodation - two hundred and fifty objects. Among them are sixty-seven sanatoriums, twenty-seven boarding houses, seven health-improving complexes etc. Health resorts in Sochi can accommodate 600,000 people at the same time.

The North Caucasus gives an unforgettable vacation. Here you can improve your health, and see the numerous sights of the region, and become a spectator of various cultural events, and go skiing in the ski resort.

Matsesta is no less popular with vacationers. This is a resort area located in the suburbs of Sochi. On its territory there are sources of mineral waters, which have been used since time immemorial to get rid of various ailments.

Good afternoon, dear readers. The beginning of October is in the yard, the time of holidays for the majority of Russians is left behind. In fairness, it should be noted that the holidays of many of our compatriots this year were not entirely successful.

The reason for this was massive problems with tour operators, many of which suspended their activities. This circumstance, as well as the tense political situation around Russia, led to sharp decline(according to some sources up to 30%) outbound tourism.

As they say, there would be no happiness - but misfortune helped. Rosstat recently reported that the country is experiencing a surge in domestic tourism. The Russians, for obvious reasons, began to relax more “at home” than over the hill.

Rest in the Caucasus since the times of the USSR, it has been shrouded in a veil of mysteries and stereotypes. Whole territory North Caucasus strewn with recreational, natural and historical centers: medical health resorts of Stavropol, ski resorts Sochi and Kabardino-Balkaria, the famous Dombai, the coast of the Black and Caspian Seas, ancient monuments architecture and modern skyscrapers of Grozny…

You can go on for a long time. For example, a lot of people come just to breathe clean mountain air. I have a friend who makes a special visit every three years just to eat plenty of organic fruits and vegetables.

IN Lately more and more often I hear from people that they would be happy to visit the Caucasus, but that's "a little scary." Various arguments are given: there are strict traditions and customs, people wear a veil, a lot of nationalities, wild views of young people, rampant crime, religious fanatics...

These 10 points must be taken into account when planning your vacation in the Caucasus?

I will not pull the cat for the known organs, straight to the point. I confess, I'm already a little tired of answering in in social networks to the same questions about planning a vacation in the Caucasus: how to dress, what to take with you, what kind of food is there, how Russian girls are treated, whether it is necessary to teach local languages What is customary to give to Caucasians, how to talk to them correctly? And a million more questions.

In this article, I decided to reveal 10 important aspects that you must definitely consider if you plan to conduct long-awaited vacation in one of the corners of the mountainous region. In general, I am writing an article for myself in order to give it to those who will ask me the above questions. Although, each of you will find something useful here for yourself or write your opinion in the comments and supplement me.

• Familiarize yourself with the traditions and customs of the locals in advance.

It is very important to do this, even in order not to get into a mess like Shurik in the movie "Prisoner of the Caucasus":

Dozens of peoples live in the Caucasus, each of them has its own traditions. Having studied a little of their history and culture, you will immediately get an undeniable advantage over an unprepared person and will be able to win over the local population.

And do not say that there is no time for this or little information. The Internet is simply filled with exhaustive materials about traditions. Do not be lazy, read and learn the basics, so that later it would be easier for you to talk with those who will receive you.

• Try to choose clothes that are more modest.

The Caucasus sounds proud and majestic! picturesque places, Mountain peaks, the pristine beauty of nature, culture, traditions and customs - there are many pleasant memories and associations with the Caucasus. The Caucasus is always attractive. What is the gray-haired wise giant - Elbrus worth. And the ancient Derbent - oldest city Russia. And sacred family traditions… You can't count them all.

Many legends, facts and myths are associated with the Caucasus. Let's talk about some of them today:

No. 1. Kefir - both tasty and healthy

Kefir is a very popular drink in Russia. Did you know that his homeland is the foot of Mount Elbrus, from where this invigorating drink spread to Russia. It has been known in the Caucasus for many centuries. In those parts there are even legends about how kefir sourdough appeared. The most common legend says that the grains of kefir grains were transferred to the mountaineers by the prophet Muhammad himself, who brought them in his staff.

The secret of making kefir was kept secret by Caucasians for a long time, passed down from generation to generation, and did not spread anywhere further than the Caucasus. It was impossible to transfer grains of leaven even to neighbors.

In Russia, they learned about kefir only at the end of the 19th century. Known and romantic story, overgrown with many myths, related to how kefir was able to get for Russia.

One Russian doctor who worked in the Caucasus wrote in his report about the healing properties of kefir. But the scientists failed to artificially remove lactic acid bacteria, so it was decided to get these bacteria in any possible way.

The All-Russian Society of Doctors decided to turn to Nikolai Ivanovich Blandov, a well-known entrepreneur in the field of selling cheeses and dairy products at that time. Blandov had several shops and cheese factories in Kislovodsk and slowly increased production. The young Karachai prince Bek-Mirza Baichorov was the supplier of milk for its production. Like any Caucasian, he knew the secret of making kefir. But how to approach it? As you know, Caucasians are great lovers of female beauty. Blandov's assistant, 20-year-old beauty Irina Tikhonovna Sakharova, was chosen for the secret mission.

The prince fell in love with her, but never wanted to reveal the secret of kefir. Irina, already in despair, was about to leave with Vasiliev, an engineer of cheese factories, when they were attacked by mountaineers with sabers and closed faces and they grabbed the girl. As it turned out later, according to Caucasian customs, this prince decided to steal the bride. Vasilyev turned to the gendarmerie. The culprit was quickly identified, but since it was not an ordinary mountaineer, but a prince, they decided not to make the case public. And Irina demanded kefir fungi for her forgiveness. The prince had no choice but to agree.

Thus, in Russia, the production of this fermented milk drink was quickly established. He soon became popular throughout Russia, as well as beyond its borders.

No. 2. Caucasian means European

If the Caucasian is translated into English, then it will turn out English word"Caucasian". An interesting fact is that in English the word "Caucasian" is used not only in relation to people from the Caucasus. The word "Caucasian" in English refers to all representatives of the Caucasian race, that is, all those whom we call white Europeans in Russian.

This happened thanks to the famous German anthropologist Johann Blumenbach. At the end of the 18th century, he published a scientific work in which he divided all of humanity into 5 races, namely:

americanoid,
Negroid
Malay
Mongoloid
Caucasian race.

He called the Caucasian race white Europeans, since he believed that the first Europeans appeared precisely in the Caucasus, and from there they had already spread throughout Europe. This theory in science was the main one for a long time, but was later refuted. But, nevertheless, the term "Caucasian" took root in German and English, and is still used there in relation to all white Europeans, including those living in America and Australia.

No. 3. "Wild division

In the Russian Empire, the inhabitants of the Caucasus were not subject to military conscription, and therefore did not serve in the army. But there was one exception: during the First World War in 1914, the "Caucasian native cavalry division", better known as the "wild division", was formed. The division was commanded by the brother of Emperor Nicholas II, Prince Mikhail Alexandrovich, modest, but at the same time not a timid dozen people. The division was 90% Muslim volunteers. People from Dagestan, Chechnya, Azerbaijan and other regions of the Caucasus served in it.

Mountain customs were strong in this division, such as respect for elders and hospitality. Subservience and sycophancy were not recognized, they were respected not for ranks, but for courage.

The "Wild Division" during the First World War distinguished itself by many military merits and took an important part in many battles of that war. For military merit, soldiers were not awarded as usual. Since Muslims predominated here, instead of the orders of St. George, St. Anne, the heroes were awarded the coat of arms Russian Empire- double-headed eagle.

Shortly after the revolution, in January 1918, the "wild division" was disbanded.

No. 4. Legends of Elbrus

The Caucasus is the most high mountain in Europe and Russia - Elbrus. Its height is 5642 meters above sea level.

Under the name Elbrus, the mountain is known all over the world, but this majestic peak has more than four dozen names. The Karachays and Balkars themselves, who live at the foot of the giant, do not call it Elbrus. This name is not consonant with any of the words of these Caucasian peoples. It is believed that "Elbrus" has Iranian roots, since in old times Iranian-speaking tribes of Ases lived here. Translated from Persian "Elburs" means "high mountain".

There is also a romantic legend about Elbrus. They say that heroes lived here in ancient times - father and son. Their names were Kazbek and Elbrus. Both were in love with the beautiful Mashuko, and no one wanted to concede in conquering the girl's heart. And then they decided to fight in a duel. Son Elbrus defeated his father in a deadly duel. But the price of victory was too high - death native person, and Elbrus no longer wanted Mashuko's love. He stabbed himself with the same dagger as his father. Mashuko wept over them for a long time. God listened to her wailing, and turned father and son into the most majestic and beautiful mountains. And Mashuko also turned into a mountain, but smaller. Now Mashuko stands from century to century and cannot decide which of the heroes is more to her heart. This is such a love triangle.

Mount Mashuk - located in the central part of Pyatigorye in the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, in the north-eastern part of the city of Pyatigorsk. The height is 993.7 m. On the southern slope of the mountain is the famous Pyatigorsk Proval - a deep natural well-cave with underground lake. In the story of M. Yu. Lermontov "Princess Mary" about the Failure, it is said that "according to the local scientists, this failure is nothing more than an extinct crater." By the way, there is now a monument to Ostap Bender near the "Proval".

No. 5. Two weddings instead of one

Many peoples of the Caucasus have an unusual tradition - to celebrate two weddings instead of one. This tradition did not come about by chance. The fact is that earlier, according to strict Muslim rules, boys and girls could not be together at the same event. Therefore, at one wedding, the groom walked with his friends and relatives, and at the other, the bride walked with her friends and relatives. Now there are no longer those strict rules as before, and both girls and boys are now present at the wedding, but at the same time, the wedding is still held twice.

No. 6. Hospitable Caucasus

Everyone knows that Caucasians are very hospitable, this is not a secret for anyone. This is already a tradition. One of the reasons for the emergence of such a custom is the fact that the Caucasus is a high-mountainous region, which is very difficult to get to. Therefore, in ancient times, travelers who reached the Caucasians were the only source of information about the outside world. If a guest came to the house of a Caucasian, then he was very taken care of - fed best food, gave them the best drinks and put them to bed at the very the best place in the house. And men from all around came to this house to listen interesting stories about the rest, an alien world, hidden from Caucasians behind high white peaks.

No. 7. Many nationalities

More than 50 nationalities live in the Caucasus, speaking more than 20 different languages. But most of them know Russian. The largest peoples speaking Caucasian languages ​​​​and currently living in the Caucasus, I Georgians, Chechens, Avars, Lezgins, Dargins and Kabardians are included. Outside the Caucasus, the largest is the Circassian diaspora (about 3-4 million) living in more than 40 countries of the world.

No. 8. Meat in Caucasian style

Many Caucasians believe that using a meat grinder to grind meat is blasphemy. Therefore, for the preparation of traditional Caucasian dishes for chopping meat, only knives are used, with which they chop meat.

Caucasian cuisine is one of the most sought after in the restaurant business in Russia. The very first associations with Caucasian cuisine are saturation, a lot of meat and vegetables, spices, divine taste. Pilaf, satsivi, kharcho, achma, chakhokhbili, shish kebab - just by listing these dishes, appetite begins to wake up.

Caucasian National food should be cooked on an open fire - this is the most important rule. All products, including even dairy products, such as cheese, are necessarily roasted by Caucasian cooks on a spit over hot coals.

No. 9. The secret of longevity

It is known that almost half of the planet's centenarians live in the Caucasus. Of these, at least half are in the North Caucasus. Scientists - both Russian and foreign have long been exploring the phenomenon of longevity of mountaineers.

One of the fundamental discoveries is this: they live long not because they drink goat's milk or this particular type of wine, in which substances that slow down aging are found, and not because they eat cheese, in which some useful substances are found that strengthen the walls of blood vessels. . They eat and drink, of course. But!

More importantly, they eat exactly the same foods that their ancestors ate. It is to these products that their body has adapted, over many centuries, and sometimes millennia. To this we must add the pure ionized air of the mountains and the sea. It can be said with certainty that such cakes were baked in this village a hundred and three hundred years ago. Also, there is no doubt that a resident of mountain villages drinks from the same source from which 12-15 generations of their ancestors drank.

Highlanders' food is not intended to be warmed up, used the next day (three days, a week). Mostly highlanders eat lamb, goat meat, less often - poultry and beef.

And yet - in the mountains, the humidity is low, so the loss of moisture through the lungs is significant. And dehydration affects the well-being, mood. Therefore, in the diet of the highlanders there is a lot of water, ayran, tan, milk, herbal decoctions. Scientists say that in the mountains you need to drink at least 4 liters. per day.

No. 10. Fewer divorces, more children

Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan are the regions of Russia with the smallest number of divorces. Also, these regions are leaders in Russia in terms of the birth rate per capita. This is facilitated by the strong influence of religion and the reverence for sacred family traditions in the region. Divorce, for example, in Dagestan is the exception rather than the rule. According to tradition, if during a life together a husband utters the phrase “You are no longer my wife!” three times, this means a divorce. In order to "register" it, the spouses go to the imam, who fixes their decision with certain actions.

Interestingly, just over a century ago, the Russian family was one of the largest in the world. In Russia, it was believed that 8 children in a family is regrettably small. It was normal to have 12-14 children. Today, large families are called families from 3 children. But for the modern Caucasus, this is the usual minimum, and like a hundred or two hundred years ago, Caucasian families are among the strongest and largest families.

Well, I would like to finish with one more fact, very significant: Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan are the most sober regions of Russia. For example, in Chechnya, as a result of another major accident in 2016 on the Kavkaz highway, which claimed 8 lives, alcohol fell under the final “tacit ban”. It is known that in Chechnya since 2009 alcohol could be sold only from 8-10 am. In the light of recent events, alcohol sellers in the republic have voluntarily abandoned this activity and it is no longer possible to buy alcohol in the region. Perhaps this was facilitated by the appeal of the head of the Chechen parliament, Magomed Daudov, to businessmen:

“When we rightly equate drunk drivers with terrorists, then we can only speak of those who supply them with alcohol as accomplices of terrorists.”

Think, modern Russia there is something to learn from the Caucasus. Less alcohol, more sports and respect for elders - it's that simple!

That's all for today! And what Interesting Facts Do you know about the Caucasus? Leave your comments.

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The geography of tolerance, or how transgender people live in a traditional society.

25-year-old Alim, originally from Nalchik, already from early childhood felt discomfort because of his inconsistency with established gender stereotypes. Any manifestation of femininity was criticized by his father, and his lack of interest in boyish amusements made him an outcast among his peers.

- The situation worsened in adolescence, when I began to attract attention with my mannerisms and effeminateness. Realizing my transgender identity, I felt inferior and unnecessary. Ridicule, humiliation, insults, physical abuse - all of the above accompanied me for a long time. I decided to stop the torture by withdrawing into myself, becoming an unsociable recluse, - Alim recalls. - The only outlet for me then was the love of dancing. I was interested in the concept of free dance, which rejected gender differences. For the first time I could be myself, discarding constraint and complexes.

Often, for a Caucasian transgender there is no other choice but to leave their native places. According to statistics, every year more than a dozen transgender people go abroad or to the central regions of Russia for the sake of safety and comfortable living. Alim did the same when he moved to Moscow and entered the department of choreographic art.

- Here I found friends who are close in spirit, joined the LGBT community and finally accepted myself. Before, I never thought about hormones and gender reassignment, but now I think I'm ready for a complete transition. Only one thing depresses me - my family will never accept, so after the operation I expect to go to Germany and start there new life, - Alim shared with Screen-ed.

talking scientific language, transgender refers to the inconsistency of gender identity with biological sex. That is, we are talking about women in the body of men, and vice versa. Psychiatrists agree that being transgender is not mental disorder, however, due to the negative reaction of society, such people may experience depression, neurosis, and suicidal tendencies. We asked sexologist Elena Kulikova about the nature of transgenderism.

– It is important to understand that being transgender is not the result of a dysfunctional environment or a loose society. Such people have always existed and can come from any region, the doctor notes. - The cause of the occurrence is hormonal disorders during fetal development, that is, until the moment of birth. Therefore, the treatment of this pathology is not included in our mandate. The only reasonable solution is to recognize their right to exist and help them adjust to a fulfilling life.

However, the realities of modern Russia are such that a significant part of society still denies the right of people to open sexual and gender self-identification. In the North Caucasus, more than anywhere else, people who differ from the majority are discriminated against by society. After the sensational scandal with homosexuals, it is unlikely that any of the representatives of the LGBT community living in the North Caucasus will dare to openly demonstrate their dissimilarity and, even more so, demand respect for themselves and equal rights.

Today, residents of the Caucasus prefer to hush up the problems of LGBT people, and in the event of a collision with them, they show aggression and an extreme degree of intolerance. It is difficult for people with a traditional worldview to understand what, in their opinion, goes beyond the generally accepted norms. However, for the foreseeable future, it is quite possible that transgender people will be treated with loyalty and leniency. After all, it is the understanding of the individual uniqueness of each and the acceptance of the other as he is that form the basis of a civilized and cultured society.