World heritage sites in different countries. unesco treasures

World Heritage: Everything you need to know about the world's landmarks inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

World Heritage refers to objects of cultural or natural value for the whole world. The decision to include a site on the World Heritage List is made by UNESCO with the participation of invited experts. After being included in the List, the object comes under the protection of international law, and UNESCO monitors its safety. This organization also reserves the right to exclude objects from the List for one reason or another. So, for example, it happened with the German Dresden - experts considered that the new transport bridge across the Elbe violates the unity of the architectural and natural complex of the old city.

As of the end of 2011, the 1972 Convention was signed by 188 states, the World Material Heritage List on the same date includes 936 objects (unique architectural ensembles, works of art, nature reserves) from 153 countries, of which 725 were created by man, 183 - by nature and 28 refer to mixed natural and cultural sites. A complete list broken down by country can be viewed on the official website. Objects in danger of extinction are marked in red.

In 2003, a convention was adopted on the protection also of the intangible cultural heritage (Intangible Cultural Heritage). By the end of 2011, 139 countries had ratified it. The List of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity includes folk festivals, carnivals, ceremonies and genres of folklore art - music, dance, oral epic tradition, theater, calligraphy, fine Arts, traditional crafts and trades. By the end of 2011, there are 267 such facilities, two of which are located on the territory of the Russian Federation. This is the culture of Semey (descendants of Russian Old Believers who preserved the pre-Petrine Russian way of life) and the Yakut epic olonkho.

Guilin National Park

As for the material objects included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, there are 24 of them in our country. The most famous, of course, are the Moscow Kremlin with Red Square, the historical center of St. Petersburg, the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad, Lake Baikal, the volcanoes of Kamchatka, the golden mountains of Altai, the Kizhi churchyard on Kizhi Island in Lake Onega, the ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent, the historical center of Yaroslavl, the architectural monuments of Veliky Novgorod, Vladimir, Suzdal, the Ferapontov Monastery and the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye.

It is incredibly difficult to choose the very best of those that are outside the Russian Federation. One of these wonderful places- Belovezhskaya Pushcha in Belarus, more famous than others - megalithic structure Stonehenge in England and the "Lost City" Machu Picchu - the most mysterious monument of Inca culture in the world. We also like the royal Chitwan National Park in Nepal, the Amalfi Coast and the Cinque Terre National Park in Italy and the town of Kutna Hora in the Czech Republic.

We will tell you more about several amazing man-made monuments and natural wonders honored to be under the protection of UNESCO.

Angkor is one of the most important archaeological sites in Southeast Asia. The ruins of almost 1000 temples of several capitals of the Khmer Empire of the 9th-15th centuries have been preserved here. Among them are the famous temple of Angkor Wat and the Bayon temple in Angkor Thom with a huge amount of sculptural decorations. Every year more than a million tourists come to Cambodia to see these places of worship with their own eyes.

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Al-Hijr is the largest surviving archaeological site of the Nabataean civilization, located in Saudi Arabia. 111 tombstones (1st century BC - 1st century AD), many of which are luxuriously decorated, a system of wells, as well as almost 50 inscriptions from the pre-Nabathean era, and several cave drawings are well preserved here.

Los Glaciares National Park is a picturesque area in Argentina, with many glacial lakes, including Argentino, 160 km long. The local glacier is the third largest glacier in the world after Antarctica and Greenland. Massive blocks of ice often break off from its edge, forming massive icebergs.

The ancient city of Petra in Jordan has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Through located near the Red and Dead Seas Peter passed the caravan routes between Arabia, Egypt and Syria-Phoenicia. Half built, half carved into the rocks and surrounded by mountains, Petra combines ancient oriental traditions with Hellenistic architecture.

Sydney Opera theatre- one of the outstanding architectural structures of the XX century. The opera building consists of three interconnected "shells", which house the main halls for performances and a restaurant. These "shells" lie on a wide base, where walking terraces and squares are equipped. The structure of an unusual shape is located on the cape of the peninsula in Sydney Bay and fits perfectly into the landscape of the ocean coast.

The 18 km long Pontcysillte Aqueduct in Wales, built at the beginning of the 19th century, is a masterpiece of construction from the Industrial Revolution. More than 200 years after its discovery, it is still in use for its intended purpose and handles about 15,000 boats a year. This aqueduct is also an unusual monument to plumbers and plumbing.

Dolomites, Italy

Summer Palace and Imperial Park in Beijing is a masterpiece landscape gardening art China. It was first built in 1750, restored in 1886 after the destruction caused by the war of 1860. Natural objects - hills and open water - are skillfully woven into the architectural ensemble, harmoniously combined with pavilions, palaces, temples and bridges.

Included on the World Heritage List and the Statue of Liberty in New York, the Vatican City State, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, Venice with its lagoon, the Great Wall of China, the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort in Agra, as well as the Iguazu National Park on the border of Argentina and Brazil.

The best countries and destinations for sightseeing tours

All articles about excursion tours on the "Subtlety"

• Austria Vienna
• Balkans: Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey (Istanbul), Croatia and Montenegro
• United Kingdom: England, London and its 10 free attractions, Scotland
• Spain: Barcelona and Madrid
• Italy: Venice, Rome, Sicily
• Baltic States: Latvia (Riga)
• Scandinavia: Norway, Finland
• France: Paris and its

Planet Earth is a bottomless treasury that endowed a person with untold riches and made it possible to use its benefits to create comfortable living conditions. Therefore, the formation of society and its evolution has always occurred in interaction with nature. A clear confirmation of this is the cultural, historical and natural monuments included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Madain Salih Complex, Saudi Arabia

In the northern part of Saudi Arabia is unique complex Madain Salih. It includes more than 100 graves dating back to the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD, amazing hydraulic structures that previously served the inhabitants of Hegr, an ancient city that became the center of caravan trade.

More than 50 inscriptions were found on the rocks of the complex, the appearance of which dates back to the Donabatean period. In 2008, the amazing Madain Salih complex was added to the UNESCO treasury.

Longmen Grottoes, China

"Dragon Gate" or Longmen Grottoes are located in one of the picturesque Chinese provinces, near the city of Luoyang. The amazing ensemble, consisting of beautiful temples and ancient caves, until 494 was the residence of the rulers of China, representing the Wei dynasty.

After the transfer of residence to new town, Buddhist monks settled among the caves and temples. Relief drawings and all kinds of sculptures decorating the stone ensemble are the work of artisans who lived in the vicinity of the grotto.

2300 amazing caves, about 80 mausoleums, more than 100,000 Buddhist paintings, huge statue the majestic Buddha guarding the entrance to the Fengxianse cave, more than 2,500 inscriptions decorating the rocks along the full-flowing Yishui River - these precious monuments of ancient Chinese culture, which make up a single complex, were included in the UNESCO heritage list.

Bayon Temple, Cambodia

Among the picturesque nature of Angor Thom, the amazing Bayon temple complex, built in the 7th century AD in honor of Jayavarman, has been preserved. The ancient architectural structure includes three levels stone buildings surrounded by three monumental walls.
The temple complex is decorated with huge stone faces and drawings depicting the life and way of life of the Khmers.

In addition to the Bayon Temple, over a thousand more unique temples, representing different eras and levels of development of civilization. Every year, millions of inquisitive tourists come here to see with their own eyes the unique monuments of ancient religious architecture.

Many of them have survived to this day in a dilapidated state, some have been restored, and some have remained a pile of stones, silently resting among the endless fields sown with rice.

Stonehend, UK

The overall stone structure - Stonehend is located among the luxurious nature of the Salisbury Plain, in the county of Wilshere in the UK. 150 stones, placed in a certain sequence, are of great interest to scientists and ordinary tourists who come here to look at amazing creation man, created in 3000 BC.

Under the influence of time and natural phenomena, the unique monument of antiquity began to collapse, so now it is protected with special care. If half a century ago tourists could even climb huge structures, then since 1977 they can only be looked at. To touch the stones, a special permit is required, which is issued within a year on the basis of a personal request.

Stonehand was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1986.

Lonely George, Ecuador

The only giant tortoise representing this species mammals, lives on the territory of the National Park, located in Ecuador. The unique animal was found in 1927 on the island of Pinta, located in the northern part of the archipelago, and named after the famous actor George Gobel.

The most famous bachelor in the world is in the prime of his life, according to scientists, he is now about 90 years old. It's time to breed. George has already found a female who has a genetic resemblance to the progenitors of the "groom", so there is every reason to believe that the genus of giant tortoises will continue.

Summer Palace, China

Among the fabulously beautiful landscapes of the imperial garden in Beijing in 1750, the magnificent Summer Palace was built, which to this day keeps the memory of the royal people who lived within its walls.

In 1860 a unique architectural masterpiece was destroyed, and after more than 20 years - restored.

In 1998, the Summer Palace was added to the list of the UNESCO World Treasury.

Statue of Liberty, America

The symbol of the United States of America, the Statue of Liberty, is located in one of the largest metropolitan areas of the country and the world - New York. This is a symbolic gift given by the French in honor of the centenary of the American Revolution.

"Lady Liberty" personifies the triumph of democracy, freedom of spirit and is a kind of reminder of the difficult period of the struggle of Americans for their rights.

In 1984, "Lady Liberty" added to the list of UNESCO heritage.

Iguazu National Park, Argentina

On the territory of the picturesque province of Misiones, there is a majestic monument of Argentine nature - Iguazu National Park, which in 1984 was recognized as a unique heritage by UNESCO.

In addition to the species diversity of birds and the luxury of beautiful exotic vegetation, the park is notable for an incredible number of waterfalls concentrated near the Iguazu River. The number of falling streams (from 150 to 250 waterfalls) depends on the water level in the river from which they originate.

The territory of the park is an oasis in the center of civilization, which has preserved a huge number of endangered representatives of flora and fauna. paradise land, filled with outlandish aromas of flowers, the crystal sound of water and the cheerful singing of colorful birds, annually attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world, eager to see the riches of the Argentine region with their own eyes.

Kinderdijk, The Netherlands

On the picturesque banks of the canals located near Rotterdam, rows of huge windmills built several decades ago.

More than a thousand historical structures, named in Kinderdijk after the village in which they are located, have added to the bottomless treasury of UNESCO.

Perito Moreno Glacier, Argentina

The decoration of the relief landscapes of the Los Glaciares National Park, located in the picturesque province of Santa Cruz, is a huge glacier with the amiable name of Perito Moreno. In size, it is second only to the glaciers of Antarctica and Greenland.

An amazing masterpiece created by nature has become not only an ornament Argentine Patagonia, he replenished the world treasury of UNESCO. The talented creator gave the glacier an amazing architectural form, parts of which are modified under the influence of water flows.

The fact is that from time to time the glacier reaches Lake Argentino and spreads to the opposite shore, thereby forming a massive dam and dividing the water surface into two parts. This leads to a significant rise in the water level in the southern part of the lake.

Cubic meters of icy liquid put pressure on the walls of the glacier, breaking the shackling barrier. Such an action is a bewitching spectacle and takes place sometimes once a year, and sometimes once every ten years.

Bahai Terraced Gardens, Israel

In the north of Israel, the picturesque town of Haifa is located, the territory of which is lined with unique terraced gardens created many years ago.

In the luxury of amazing vegetation, the beautiful Tomb of Bob, the founder of the Baha'i religious trend that is popular today, is buried.

The majestic symbol of the interaction between nature and man in 2008 was included in the list unique legacies UNESCO.

Vatican

The Vatican, a tiny state located on the territory of Rome, is the world center of Christianity. Here is the papal throne and many unique monuments architecture, the main of which is the majestic St. Peter's Square, built in 1667 by the architect Bernini.

Two monumental symmetrical hemispheres join near St. Peter's Basilica, forming a large-scale square where the faithful gather to hear and see the pontiff.

The inhabitants of a small state carefully preserve the historical and cultural heritage of previous generations, part of which is the unique architecture of the country, and valuable works of art that are preserved behind the walls of the sacred basilica.

In 1984, the Vatican was included in the UNESCO lists.

Petra, Israel

The ancient city of Petra is located in the Siq canyon leading to the Arava valley. Hollowed out in the sandstones, residential quarters rise at an altitude of about 900 meters above sea level and represent small caves connected by narrow paths.

Here, on the territory of modern Jordan, where Petra is located, ancient crypts, amazing temples, built many centuries ago, have been preserved.

The amazing city of Petra is rightfully included in the UNESCO heritage list, in addition, since 2007 it has been called another "wonder of the world."

Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Australia

The Great Barrier Reef is a unique system of 3,000 isolated coral reefs and over 900 picturesque islands. He lies in the waters coral sea and annually attracts millions of divers, eager to see the amazing masterpiece created by tiny microorganisms.

With over 2,500 kilometers of fabulous flora and amazing underwater fauna, this is the largest coral reef on a planet that is visible even from space.

In 1981, the Great Barrier Reef was added to the treasury of UNESCO, and earlier it was given the status of "wonder of the world."

Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Belarus

Belovezhskaya Pushcha is one of the most famous nature reserves in Europe and the largest national park in Belarus. In 1993, it received the status of a biosphere reserve, and a year earlier it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The picturesque nature protection object is located on the territory of the Brest and Grodno regions, the Polish-Belarusian border passes through it.
On the picturesque landscapes of the amazing area, excellent conditions have been created for the habitat of many species of animals, among which are those listed in the "Red Book" of Belarus.

In the dense thickets of relic forests that once covered the entire territory of Europe, you can meet their powerful owner - bison, which tourists from different parts of the globe come to see.

Rock paintings in Alta, Norway

Another cultural and historical heritage of UNESCO is the rock paintings discovered in the north of Norway, in the city of Alta. Thanks to this find, it became known about the settlements of ancient people who hunted here during the Iron and Stone Ages. Rock art reflects the way of life of those who lived in coastal zones and on the mainland of the people, their beliefs, traditions and rituals.

Over 5,000 unique images date back to 4200 - 500 BC and prove that northern sections The land was previously inhabited.

For the first time, they started talking about amazing drawings in 1960, it was then that the first petroglyphs were found. In the course of further excavations, one of the largest archaeological sites Jemmelüft was discovered, on the territory of which the Alta Museum, open to tourists, was established.

Urnes Stave Church, Norway

Among the majesty of the silent mountains, on the picturesque Sognefjord, the outlines of the Urnes Stave Church, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, loom. An amazing masterpiece of wooden architecture was built three times in the same place. A church built in 1150 for one of the revered and very influential families has survived to this day.

The masters who worked on the construction of the temple were able to convey the splendor of the architecture of that time and restore the decorative details present on the previously destroyed church.

Durable wood, harvested for the construction of the temple in 1130, was able to withstand the influence of time and the elements. Therefore, the unique Urnes Church still delights everyone who has been fortunate enough to visit the royal Sognefjord at least once.

Arc Struve

A unique geodetic structure called the Struve Arc is a network with reference points marked on the ground by means of stone cubes, iron crosses, and depressions made in the rocks.

The Struve Arc has been used to determine the size of the Earth and determine its shape. Over the 40 years of its existence, the amazing geodetic structure has undergone changes, and today it passes through the territory of Belarus, Norway, Lithuania, Moldova, Latvia, Ukraine, Finland, Russia, Sweden. The total length of the network, on which the triangulation points are located, is 2820 kilometers.

34 strongholds of the Duga, named after one of its founders, Vasily Yakovlevich Struve, are now included in the UNESCO World Treasury.

Kiev Pechersk Lavra, Ukraine

Kiev-Pechersk Lavra is a great Christian shrine located on the right bank of the mighty Dnieper. Founded in the 9th century, the monastery has undergone many changes throughout its existence. Today is a unique reminder ancient architecture reverently admires both true believers and ordinary tourists who come from all corners of the earth to admire the golden-domed temple.

The Caves Lavra got its name due to the caves located on its territory, in which the first hermit monks lived.

From the day of its foundation, the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra became the spiritual and cultural stronghold of Kievan Rus, and its fame thundered far beyond the borders of the state.

Basilica of the Nativity and Pilgrims' Trails, Palestine

A few kilometers from Jerusalem is the Church of the Nativity, built in 339 AD. The place for the foundation of the basilica was not chosen by chance, it is believed that it was here that Jesus Christ was born.

In the 6th century AD, the Church survived a fire, after which it was restored. Only mosaic floors remain from the original structure.

In 2012, the Basilica of the Nativity, along with pilgrimage trails, bell towers, magnificent terraced gardens, was included in the list of UNESCO heritage sites.

Kakadu National Park, Australia

Kakadu National Park is a unique combination of luxurious plains and picturesque plateaus, swampy terrain covered with emerald thickets of exotic plants, and rivers that cut through the open spaces of the park filled with life.

On the territory of the park you can see hundreds of rare species of plants and animals that are on the verge of extinction. An amazing natural complex is located in the north of Australia, where the tribes of ancient settlers lived 40 thousand years ago. This is evidenced by the found in the course archaeological sites rock painting. The drawings depict the way of life of a prehistoric society, whose members hunted and gathered.

Today, Kakadu Park is an archaeological and natural reserve, in 1981 listed as a UNESCO site.

Rainforests of the east coast of Australia

In the eastern part of Australia, along the dizzying cliffs of the Great Dividing Range, there are mysterious rainforests, which in 1994 became one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

This unique area, which includes several luxurious parks and amazing reserves, is of great importance for modern science. Indeed, on its territory there are geologically important objects, such as, for example, craters extinct volcanoes, and dense thickets of rainforests have become home to endemic species representing the local fauna.

Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia

450 kilometers of tropical rain forests lie along the northeast coast of Australia. Dense, often impenetrable, thickets have become a habitat for funny marsupials, exotic songbirds and the rarest representatives of the richest Australian flora and no less diverse fauna.

Wet in 1988 rainforests replenished the treasury of the world organization UNESCO.

Fraser Island

Fraser Island, with a length of more than 120 kilometers, is the largest sand island on the planet. Its relief surface is covered with moist tall forests, and the golden bends of the dunes are cut by blue-eyed "hanging" lakes filled with fresh water.

In 1992, this amazing natural complex was included in the UNESCO Treasury.

Shark Bay, Western Australia

Shark Bay and the islands adjacent to it are a fabulously beautiful place, known for the phenomenal gifts presented by nature itself. Firstly, over 10,000 dugong individuals (the largest population of these animals in the world) live in the waters washing the coast.

Secondly, in the coastal waters you can see the huge plantations of algae, covering more than 480 thousand kilometers of the seabed.

Thirdly, the surroundings of the bay are decorated with rounded calcareous formations- stromatolites. They owe their appearance to algae colonies that are active underwater.

Fourthly, several species of rare mammals live in the bay. Together, all factors stopped the bay into the natural treasure, in 1991, which added to the lists of UNESCO.

Macquarie Island

In the boundless subantarctic waters, between the two continents of Antarctica and Australia, lost tiny island Macquarie. A picturesque piece of land with a length of only 34 kilometers appeared after the collision of the Pacific lithospheric plate with the Indo-Australian.

As a result of a strong collision, unique basalt rocks, stored at a depth of more than 6 kilometers in the Earth's mantle, fell on the relief surface. In 1997, Macquarie Island was added to the richest treasury of UNESCO.

Sydney Opera House, Australia

A snow-white structure rises above the azure waters of Sydney Bay, resembling a sailboat filled with winds, ready to set sail - this is the Sydney Opera House. In the "shells" located on a solid foundation, a magnificently decorated hall and a fine restaurant were located.

Erected in 1973, the building took its place among the UNESCO sites (in 2007) and became the most grandiose architectural structure of our time.

The talented architect Jorn Utson worked on the implementation of an amazing project. Having changed the traditions of urban planning developed over the years, he created a unique sculptural masterpiece that harmoniously complements the picturesque landscapes of the Pacific coast.

Convict settlements, Australia

Of the thousands of camps set up british empire on the territory of Austria (18-19 century), eleven, located on the island of Norfolk, Tasmania, around Sydney, were listed as UNESCO sites in 2010.

The prisons were designed to hold hundreds of thousands of those convicted by British justice. They were men, women, and even children.
Each correctional institution had its own specifics of work and methods of re-education of criminals.

This unique object is valuable as a reminder of the largest expansion of European states, implemented through the deportation and placement of convicted criminals in the colonies.

Leon Cathedral, Nicaragua

The Lena Cathedral, erected at the beginning of the 19th century, personifies the transitional period in architecture, when the baroque traditions were replaced by more progressive neoclassical trends at that time. The design of the exterior and interior clearly shows the features of eclecticism, with a refined luxury characteristic of the style and an abundance of decorative details, harmoniously combined into a single ensemble.

Magnificent stained-glass windows, rich ornaments, the use of works of art (paintings by Antonio Sarria, which depict the difficult path to Golgotha) - all this gives the cathedral a special flavor that conveys the atmosphere of a difficult era.

The monumental construction of the temple was created according to a project developed by the Guatemalan architect Diego José de Porres Esquivel.

Since 2011, Leon Cathedral has been part of the UNESCO Treasury.

Island City Mozambique

The colorful town of Mozambique, founded in the 16th century, is located on the territory of the island of the same name, which once played an important role in the development of trade relations between Portugal and India.

A tiny town, surrounded by an endless expanse of emerald water, framed by the edge of a magnificent sandy shore, is immersed in the luxury of exotic plants, many of which are of particular value to science.

But not only the picturesque landscapes of the island are noteworthy; local architecture is of particular interest to tourists and researchers. Built in the same style, the buildings were built of makuchi stone and decorated in accordance with the building traditions laid down in the 16th century.
In 1991, the amazing city-island of Mazambique was added to the list of UNESCO sites.

Prehispanic city of Teotihuacan

Teotiukan - holy city(previously considered the birthplace of the gods), was founded in the 1st century AD, and completed only by the end of the 7th century. Location (50 kilometers from Mexico City) and a high level of cultural development have made it one of the most influential cities in Central America.

Remarkable architecture of Teotiucan, especially large-scale monuments, temples and unique pyramids of the Moon and the Sun, designed according to the principles of geometry.

Since 1987, the pre-Spanish city of Teotiucan has graced the UNESCO Treasury.

Sian Kaan Biosphere Reserve

The eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula is adorned with a picturesque biosphere reserve with the symbolic name of Sian Kaan. This is an amazing natural complex created from tropical forests, mangroves, impenetrable swamps and coral reefs that have become home to the inhabitants of the nearby water area.

Amazing and varied local flora and the fauna of the reserve is no less rich. More than 300 species of strange birds enliven the dense thickets of forests with their singing, and hydrogeological conditions favor the predominance of terrestrial vertebrates typical of this region.

The picturesque biosphere reserve Sian Kaan in 1987 replenished the treasury of UNESCO.

Historic city of Meknes, Morocco

Founded in the 9th century AD, the military settlement flourished over time and turned into the picturesque city of Maknes. Under the rule of Sultan Moulay Ismail, Maknes became the capital of the Moroccan state, and the architecture of the city acquired a pronounced Spanish-Moorish flavor.

Majestic towers, powerful walls, huge gates have survived to this day, carefully preserving the memory of the past centuries of prosperity of Meknes.
Since 1996, the historic city has been included in the list of UNESCO monuments.

Bikini Atoll

Until 1946, Bikini Atoll could safely be called heaven on earth. Beautiful nature, good-natured people, crystal clear clear waters Pacific Ocean. But the beginning of the Cold War put an end to a happy existence local residents. In 1946, they were relocated from their native island, and the picturesque landscapes and water area became a test site for American nuclear weapons.

For 12 years, more than 60 nuclear explosions have thundered on the atoll, the first hydrogen bomb was tested here, thereby causing irreparable damage to the geology and nature of the island. The level of radiation in this place is such that nothing living can withstand such exposure.

Silent witnesses of the unfortunate events were the ships that sank during the ongoing tests, as well as the huge crater left after the explosion of a nuclear bomb.

Bikini Atoll, as a terrifying symbol of the nuclear age, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2010.

Lake Malawi National Park

South side picturesque lake Malawi has turned into a unique national park, in the waters of which many interesting representatives of the underwater fauna live.

The deep-water lake with the purest water has sheltered dozens of species of endemic fish, and its ichthyofauna is of great interest to scientists studying evolutionary processes on Earth.

The unique lake in 1984 replenished the treasury of UNESCO.

Old quarters and fortifications of the city of Luxembourg

Luxembourg is a fortified city, which at different times was part of the Roman Empire, Prussia, Spain, and France. Passing into possession from one state to another, the city became more and more fortified, eventually turning into the most protected fortress in Europe.

So it was until 1867, after the fortification was destroyed. Today, the dilapidated remains of the fortress and stone buildings remind of the former power of the architecture of the military era.

Old City with its quarters and fortifications in 1994, it was included in the lists of UNESCO sites.

curonian spit

The Curonian Spit is a sandy peninsula with a length of 98 kilometers. The width of the unique strip in different sections ranges from 400 meters to 4 kilometers.

The picturesque landscapes of the peninsula have been actively developed by man since ancient times. Today there is a struggle to preserve a unique natural masterpiece, exposed to the winds and the sea. To negate the negative impact of natural factors, work is underway to strengthen the forest plantation and sand dunes.

In 2000, the Curonian Spit was added to the UNESCO heritage list.

Los Catios National Park, Colombia

On 72,000 hectares of picturesque Colombian land, the Los Catios National Park is spread, which in 1994 replenished the UNESCO treasury.

The relief landscapes of the colorful land are covered with dense forests, wet plains, from time to time turning into low hills.
The territory of the park has become home to a huge number of amazing animals, including rare representatives of the local fauna.

Lake system in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya

Shallow lakes of the Great rift valley(Nakuru, Elementaita and Bogoria) is a unique natural reserve, on the territory of which an incredible variety of birds lives, including over 12 endangered species. Birds can only survive if they are within the Great Rift Valley, which is safe for them.

The emerald expanse of lakes is surrounded by luxurious landscapes covered with emerald thickets of forests that have become home to a huge number of animals (black rhinoceros, funny Rothschild giraffe, powerful lion, population of wild dogs and leopards).

The Rift Valley is a place where pelican chicks are born and colorful flocks of beautiful flamingos walk in shallow water. This mesmerizing spectacle annually attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists, eager to see with their own eyes the amazing beauty of the Great Rift Valley and the lake system, in 2011, listed as a UNESCO site.

Yuesco is specialized agency United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites includes the most valuable objects (both natural and man-made) in terms of their cultural, historical or environmental significance. Here are twenty unique UNESCO sites located in Europe.

20 PHOTOS

1 Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia.

Forest reserve in Central Croatia, famous for its cascading lakes, waterfalls, caves and limestone gorges.

The most famous square in Russia, located to the east of the Kremlin - the official residence of the president. On Red Square are St. Basil's Cathedral and the State Historical Museum.

Perfectly preserved ethnographic village, which is included in the list of museums of folk architecture in Slovakia. The settlement reflects the traditional features of the Central European village: log buildings, stables with haylofts and a wooden bell tower.

The largest and most famous Orthodox monastery in Bulgaria, founded in the 10th century and rebuilt in the mid-1800s.

A fortified island Gothic abbey built between the 11th and 16th centuries in northwestern France.

Roman Catholic church located north of Lisbon. It was built by the Portuguese king Alfonso I in the 12th century.

The central part of the Hungarian capital boasts such stunning masterpieces of architecture as the Parliament building, the opera house, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Market Hall.

The largest wooden sacred buildings in Europe, built in the second half of the 17th century after the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War.

The stave church, located in western Norway, is an excellent example of traditional Scandinavian architecture.

A monument of nature, consisting of approximately 40,000 interconnected basalt columns, formed as a result of an ancient volcanic eruption.

The highest surviving ancient Roman aqueduct. It is 275 meters long and 47 meters high.

Rococo Bavarian church located in a beautiful alpine valley southwest of Munich.

Geirangerfjord and Nordfjord, located in the southwest of Norway, are among the longest and deepest fjords in the world.

The center of Catholic Christianity, and the residence of the Pope. Also in the Vatican Museums are stored many of the world's artistic masterpieces.

The monastic community and one of the oldest historical monuments in Hungary was founded in 996.

National park with an area of ​​403 sq. km, located on three belts of vegetation: mountain-forest, subalpine and alpine.

The Old Bridge, built in the 16th century during the reign of the Ottoman Empire, is one of the most significant architectural monuments in the Balkans.

A fjord located in western Greenland, 250 km north of the Arctic Circle. It includes the Sermeq Kujalleq glacier moving at 19 meters per day, one of the fastest glaciers in the world.

Famous concert hall, which is one of the best examples of Catalan Art Nouveau. It is also the only concert hall in Europe with natural light.

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UNESCO World Heritage Sites- places and objects on the planet, in different countries, which are selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in accordance with the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The Convention is designed to protect and preserve the outstanding cultural and natural values ​​that constitute the heritage of all mankind. In order to protect historical objects from destruction, they are included in common list, which is annually replenished with dozens of places in different corners peace. Let's take a look at some of the famous UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Mosque of al-Zeitouna, Tunisia

The Great Mosque or Mosque of al-Zeitun, located in the medina of the city of Tunisia, is the most great mosque in the country. Despite the fact that non-Muslims are forbidden to enter the prayer hall, only the inner courtyard of the mosque is worth a visit. The mosque of al-Zeytun is made in the classical style, with arcades, columns and capitals. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1979.

Temple of Hatshepsut, Luxor, Egypt

The burial temple of Queen Hatshepsut is located at the foot of the rocks of Deir el-Bahri. This temple is very different from many other Egyptian temples. And this is the only sanctuary built in honor of the great female pharaoh.

The temple of Queen Hatshesput is as amazing as the female pharaoh herself. A huge pylon was erected next to this temple, to which a 30-meter dam with sphinxes adjoined. In front of the temple itself, an amazing garden of beautiful shrubs and outlandish trees was laid out. Now the temple is visited by more than a million tourists annually. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1959.

Bahai Gardens, Haifa, Israel

The main attraction of Haifa - world center Bahai, surrounded by beautiful gardens, spread out on terraces on the slopes of Mount Carmel with original fountains and outlandish trees and plants. The Bahai Gardens in Haifa are one of the most visited places in the entire Mediterranean.

Renowned architects have been working for 10 years to create this eighth wonder of the world. All work was carried out exclusively by volunteers who came from 90 countries to contribute to the construction.

In the heart of the Bahai Gardens on Mount Carmel, is the Shrine of the Bab. Designed by eminent Canadian architect William Maxwell, the structure of the Sanctuary of the Báb is a combination of Western and Eastern styles: granite columns, Corinthian capitals, and stately arches. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2008.

Petra, Jordan

The ancient city of Petra is rightfully considered the main attraction of Jordan. The Nabataean city of Petra was founded in these rocks about 4 millennia ago. Petra, which served as the capital of the kingdom, gradually gained enormous influence and unprecedented fame. The emergence of the city in such hard to reach place became possible thanks to the ability of the Nabataeans to control the flow of water, because in fact Petra is nothing more than an artificial oasis!

Flash floods often occur in this area, and the Nabataeans successfully controlled them using dams, cisterns, and aqueducts, which allowed them not only to survive long periods of drought, but also successfully trade water. Everything would have been fine until the Roman emperor Trajan came and destroyed the kingdom. Since the 16th century, no human has set foot here, until in 1812 the Swiss traveler-adventurer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt decided to find a lost city in these lands, about which there were many legends. As a result, the Swiss found the legendary lost city protected by sands and rocks! Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1985.

Temple Wat Yai Chai Mongkon, Ayutthaya, Thailand

This temple was erected in 1357 for a community of monks from the Pa Kaeo Sect and was originally called Wat Phra Chao Phya Tha. The temple was intended for meditation, which, along with the monks, was also practiced by King U-Thong. In 1592, in honor of the victory over the Burmese, another king, Naresuan, built a majestic pagoda, after which the temple changed its name and became known as Wat Yai Chai Mongkon.

Here is a statue of the Reclining Buddha in yellow saffron robes. In addition to the Reclining Buddha, you can admire the statues of meditating Buddhas, also dressed in saffron robes. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1991.

Chichen Itza, Mexico

The sacred city of the Itza people, known as Chichen Itza, is located 75 miles east of the city of Mérida, the capital of the Yucatán. In translation, from the language of local tribes, this name means "Well of the Itza tribe." Archaeologists consider it one of the places of power associated with the Mayan culture. The ancient city covers an area of ​​about six square miles, where once there were hundreds of buildings, of which today only ruins remain. About three dozen surviving buildings are of great interest to researchers. The most famous structure is the step pyramid of Kukulkan.

It has a square at the base and its height reaches 23 m. they form an image of seven isosceles triangles, which, in turn, make up the body of a thirty-seven-meter snake, “creeping” as the sun moves to its own head, carved at the base of the stairs. It is on this light show that tourists most often come. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1988.

Victoria Station (Chhatrapati Shivaji), Mumbai, India

Victoria is the largest railway station in India. The dome of the station building, one of the largest in the world, is visible from afar. A few years ago, it was renamed in honor of the King of India - Chhatrapati Shivaji. But the people still call him Victoria. The covered platform has a length of 400 meters. Ceilings of steel and glass support massive columns, their capitals are made of iron, some of white sandstone.

Thick walls, voluminous spaces, spacious verandas provide coolness inside the building. The facade of the building is decorated with protruding bay windows, decorative columns, figurines fairy tale characters. The main function of the dome is to amaze the imagination and serve as a guide. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2004.

Novodevichy convent, Moscow, Russia

The Novodevichy Convent, in the south-west of Moscow, in the bend of the Moskva River, was founded in 1524 by the vow of Grand Duke Vasily III in memory of the capture of Smolensk in 1514. Novodevichy was an important link in the defensive ring of the Moscow guard monasteries. In 1871, at the expense of the Filatievs, an orphanage-school for orphans of "non-noble rank" was opened; there were also two almshouses for nuns and novices. By 1917, 51 nuns and 53 novices lived in the monastery.

In 1922 the monastery was closed, and the "Museum of the Emancipation of Women" was created in it. By 1926 it was transformed into a historical, domestic and art museum, since 1934 a branch of the Historical Museum. Since 1980, the residence of the Metropolitan of Krutitsy and Kolomna has been in the Novodevichy Convent. In 1994, a convent was re-established under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Krutitsy and Kolomna. Since 1995, services have resumed in the cathedral on patronal feasts. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2004.

Plaza of Spain, Rome, Italy

One of the most famous and beautiful squares Rome is located in the center of the city Plaza de España. It got its name due to the fact that in 1620 the palace of Spain, or the Palazzo di Spagna, which housed the embassy of this country, appeared on it.

In the northern part of the Plaza de España is the Spanish Steps. Before her in 1627-1629. architect Pietro Bernini built the Barcaccia Fountain in the form of a sunken boat. The steps of the Spanish Steps lead to the church of Trinita dei Monti towering over the square. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1959.

Desert of Wadi Rum, Jordan

Wadi Rum is one of the main attractions of Jordan along with the city of Petra. This is an example of an extraordinary sandy landscape, consisting of an almost perfectly smooth surface of pink-golden sand and rising above it all. colorful hills from sandstone. Calm and silence reign here, only separate, lonely settlements occasionally disturb the desert with their presence.

On the territory of the desert are the remains of the ruins of the ancient temple of the Nabataeans. Also in the expanses of Wadi Rum there are protected areas for breeding antelopes, which are monitored by members of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011.

Perito Moreno Glacier, Patagonia, Argentina

Perito Moreno is a glacier located in the Los Glaciares National Park, in the southeast of the Argentinean province of Santa Cruz. The glacier is 78 km away. from the village of El Calafate. This huge accumulation of ice was named after the explorer Francisco Moreno, who first explored the region in the 19th century.

Perito Moreno has an area of ​​250 km² and is one of the 48 glaciers fed by the southern part of the Patagonian Glacier. This a natural phenomenon is the third largest source of fresh water in the world. Unfortunately, from year to year the glacier collapses and loses its value. There is a certain charitable organization that accepts donations in order to keep the glacier alive. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1981.

Currently, there are 26 World Heritage Sites on the territory of the Russian Federation:
16 cultural objects (have in the World Heritage List letter designationС - cultural) and 10 objects of natural (indicated by the letter N - natural) heritage.

Three of them are cross-border, i.e. located on the territory of several states: the Curonian Spit (Lithuania, Russian Federation), Ubsunur Basin (Mongolia, Russian Federation), Struve Geodetic Arc (Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Finland, Sweden, Estonia)

The first objects - "Historical Center Petersburg and related groups of monuments", "Kizhi Pogost", "Moscow Kremlin and Red Square" - were included in the World Heritage List at the 14th session of the World Heritage Committee, held in 1990 in Canadian city Banff.

14th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1990 (Banff, Canada)

№С540 - Historical center Petersburg and related groups of monuments

Criteria (i) (ii) (iv) (vi)
"Northern Venice", with its many canals and more than 400 bridges, is the result of the greatest urban development project begun in 1703 under Peter the Great. The city turned out to be closely associated with the October Revolution of 1917, and in 1924-1991. he bore the name of Leningrad. Its architectural heritage combines such diverse styles as baroque and classicism, which can be seen in the example of the Admiralty, the Winter Palace, the Marble Palace and the Hermitage.
Information about the object:

№С544 - Kizhi churchyard

Criteria: (i)(iv)(v)
Kizhi Pogost is located on one of the many islands of Lake Onega, in Karelia. Here you can see two wooden churches XVIII century, as well as an octagonal bell tower, built of wood in 1862. These unusual buildings, which are the pinnacle of carpentry, are an example of an ancient church parish and are harmoniously combined with the surrounding natural landscape.
Information about the object:
on the site of the museum-reserve "Kizhi"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№С545 - Moscow Kremlin and Red Square

Criteria: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi)
This place is inextricably linked with the most important historical and political events in the life of Russia. Starting from the XIII century. The Moscow Kremlin, created in the period from the XIV century. according to the 17th century outstanding Russian and foreign architects, was the grand ducal, and then the royal residence, as well as a religious center. St. Basil's Cathedral, a true masterpiece of Russian Orthodox architecture, rises on Red Square, which is located near the walls of the Kremlin.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Moscow Kremlin Museums
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

16th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1992 (Santa Fe, USA)

№С604 - Historical monuments of Veliky Novgorod and its environs

Criteria: (ii)(iv)(vi)
Novgorod, advantageously located on the ancient trade route between Central Asia and Northern Europe, was in the IX century. the first capital of Russia, the center of Orthodox spirituality and Russian architecture. Its medieval monuments, churches and monasteries, as well as the frescoes of Theophan the Greek (teacher Andrei Rublev), dating from the 14th century, clearly illustrate the outstanding level of architectural and artistic creativity.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Novgorod Region
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№С632 - Historical and cultural complex of the Solovetsky Islands

Criterion: (iv)
The Solovetsky archipelago, located in the western part of the White Sea, consists of 6 islands with total area over 300 sq. km. They were settled in the 5th century. BC, but the very first evidence of human presence here dates back to the 3rd-2nd millennium BC. The islands, starting from the 15th century, became the site of the creation and active development of the largest monastery in the Russian North. There are also several churches of the XVI-XIX centuries.
Information about the object:
on the website of the FGBUK "Solovki State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve"
on the site "Museums of Russia"

№С633 - White stone monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal

Criteria: (i)(ii)(iv)
These two ancient cultural centers of Central Russia occupy an important place in the history of the formation of the country's architecture. There are a number of majestic religious and public buildings of the 12th-13th centuries, among which the Assumption and Dmitrievsky Cathedrals (Vladimir) stand out.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

17th session of the World Heritage Committee -1993 (Cartagena, Colombia)

№С657 - The architectural ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra in the city of Sergiev Posad

Criteria: (ii)(iv)
This a prime example a functioning Orthodox monastery with the features of a fortress, which fully corresponded to the spirit of the time of its formation - the 15th-18th centuries. In the main temple of the Lavra - the Assumption Cathedral, created in the image and likeness of the cathedral of the same name in the Moscow Kremlin - there is the tomb of Boris Godunov. Among the treasures of the Lavra is the famous icon "Trinity" by Andrey Rublev.
Information about the object:
on website of the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

18th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1994 (Phuket, Thailand)

№С634rev- Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye (Moscow)

Criteria: (ii)
This church was built in 1532 in the royal estate of Kolomenskoye near Moscow to commemorate the birth of an heir - the future Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. The Church of the Ascension, which is one of the earliest examples of the traditional tent completion in stone, had a great influence on further development Russian church architecture.
Information about the object:

on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

19th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1995 (Berlin, Germany)

N719 - Virgin forests of Komi

Criteria: (vii) (ix)
Covering an area of ​​3.28 million hectares, the heritage site includes the lowland tundra, mountain tundra of the Urals, as well as one of the largest tracts of primary boreal forests that have survived in Europe. The vast territory with swamps, rivers and lakes, where conifers, birch and aspen grow, has been studied and protected for more than 50 years. Here you can trace the course of natural processes that determine the biodiversity of the taiga ecosystem.
Information about the object:

on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

20th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1996 (Merida, Mexico)

№ N754 - Lake Baikal

Criteria: (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
Located in the southeast of Siberia and covering an area of ​​3.15 million hectares, Baikal is recognized as the oldest (25 million years) and deepest (about 1700 m) lake on the planet. The reservoir stores approximately 20% of all the world's fresh water reserves. In the lake, which is known as the "Galapagos of Russia", due to its ancient age and isolation, a freshwater ecosystem, unique even by world standards, has formed, the study of which is of lasting importance for understanding the evolution of life on Earth.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

22nd session of the World Heritage Committee - 1998 (Kyoto, Japan)

№ N768rev - "Golden Mountains of Altai"

Criteria: (x)
The Altai Mountains, which are the main mountainous region in the south of Western Siberia, form the origins of largest rivers this region - Ob and Irtysh. The heritage site includes three separate sections: the Altai Reserve with the water protection zone of Lake Teletskoye, the Katunsky Reserve plus the Belukha Natural Park, and the Ukok Plateau. The total area is 1.64 million hectares. The area demonstrates the widest range of altitudinal belts within Central Siberia: from steppes, forest-steppes and mixed forests to subalpine and alpine meadows and glaciers. The area is home to endangered animals such as the snow leopard.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

23rd session of the World Heritage Committee - 1999 (Marrakech, Morocco)

№ N900 - Western Caucasus

Criteria: (ix) (x)
This is one of the few large alpine massifs in Europe where nature has not yet undergone significant anthropogenic influence. The area of ​​the object is approximately 300 thousand hectares, it is located in the west of the Greater Caucasus, 50 km northeast of the Black Sea coast. Only wild animals graze in the local alpine and subalpine meadows, and the vast untouched mountain forests, stretching from the lowland to the subalpine zone, are also unique in Europe. The area is characterized by a wide variety of ecosystems, highly endemic flora and fauna, and is an area where the mountain subspecies of the European bison once lived, and was later re-acclimatized.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

24th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2000 (Cairns, Australia)

№С980 - Historical and architectural complex of the Kazan Kremlin

Criteria: (ii) (iii) (iv)
Having emerged on the territory inhabited since very ancient times, the Kazan Kremlin traces its history back to the Muslim period in the history of the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate. It was conquered in 1552 by Ivan the Terrible and became a stronghold of Orthodoxy in the Volga region. The Kremlin, which has largely preserved the layout of the ancient Tatar fortress and has become an important center of pilgrimage, includes outstanding historical buildings of the 16th-19th centuries, built on the ruins of earlier structures of the 10th-16th centuries.
Information about the object:
on the website of the State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve "Kazan Kremlin"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№С982 - Ensemble of the Ferapontov Monastery

Criteria: (i) (iv)
Ferapontov Monastery is located in the Vologda region, in the north of the European part of Russia. This is an exceptionally well-preserved Orthodox monastery complex of the 15th-17th centuries, i.е. a period that was of great importance for the formation of a centralized Russian state and the development of its culture. The architecture of the monastery is original and complete. In the interior of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, magnificent wall frescoes by Dionysius, the greatest Russian artist of the late 15th century, have been preserved.
Information about the object:
on the website of the FGBUK "Kirillo-Belozersky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve"
on the website of the Museum of frescoes of Dionysius
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№С994 - Curonian Spit
Transboundary facility: Lithuania, Russian Federation

Criterion: (v)
Man's mastery of this narrow sandy peninsula, which has a length of 98 km and a width of 400 m to 4 km, began in prehistoric times. The spit was also exposed to natural forces - wind and sea waves. The preservation of this unique cultural landscape to this day has become possible only thanks to the ongoing struggle of man against erosion processes (dune fixation, forest plantations).
Information about the object:
on the website of the Curonian Spit National Park (Russia)
on the website of the Curonian Spit National Park (Lithuania)
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

25th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2001 (Helsinki, Finland)

№ N766rev - Central Sikhote-Alin

Criteria: (x)
Far Eastern coniferous-broad-leaved forests grow in the Sikhote-Alin mountains, which are recognized as one of the richest and most original in terms of species composition among all forests in the temperate zone of the Earth. In this transitional zone, located at the junction of taiga and subtropics, there is an unusual mixture of southern (tiger, Himalayan bear) and northern animal species (brown bear, lynx). The territory extends from the most high peaks Sikhote-Alin to the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, and serves as a refuge for many endangered species, including the Amur tiger.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

27th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2003 (Paris, France)

№ N769 rev - Ubsunur hollow
Transboundary facility: Mongolia, Russian Federation

Criteria: (ix) (x)
The heritage site (with an area of ​​1069 thousand hectares) is located within the boundaries of the northernmost of all drainless basins Central Asia. Its name comes from the name of the vast shallow and very salty lake Ubsunur, in the area of ​​which a lot of migratory, waterfowl and near-water birds accumulate. The object consists of 12 disparate plots (including seven plots in Russia, with an area of ​​258.6 thousand hectares), which represent all the main types of landscapes characteristic of Eastern Eurasia. A wide variety of birds is noted in the steppes, and rare species of small mammals live in desert areas. In the highlands, such animals, rare on a global scale, as the snow leopard and argali mountain sheep, as well as the Siberian ibex, have been noted.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Tuva Republican Branch of the Russian Geographical Society
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

No. С1070 - Citadel, Old city and fortifications of Derbent

Criteria: (iii) (iv)
Ancient Derbent was located on the northern borders of Sasanian Persia, which at that time stretched east and west from the Caspian Sea. ancient fortifications, built of stone, include two fortress walls that run parallel to each other from the seashore to the mountains. The city of Derbent was formed between these two walls and has retained its medieval character to this day. It continued to be a strategically important site well into the 19th century.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Derbent State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

28th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2004 (Suzhou, China)

№С1097 - Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent (Moscow)

Criteria: (i) (iv) (vi)
The Novodevichy Convent, located in the south-west of Moscow, was created during the 16th-17th centuries and was one of the links in the chain of monastic ensembles united in the city's defense system. The monastery was closely connected with the political, cultural and religious life of Russia, as well as with the Moscow Kremlin. Representatives of the royal family, noble boyar and noble families were tonsured and buried here. The ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent is one of the masterpieces of Russian architecture (“Moscow baroque” style), and its interiors, which contain valuable collections of paintings and works of arts and crafts, are distinguished by rich interior decoration.
Information about the object:
on the site of the Bogoroditse-Smolensky Novodevichy Convent
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№ N1023rev - Natural complex of the Wrangel Island Reserve

Criteria: (ix) (x)
The heritage site, located above the Arctic Circle, includes the mountainous Wrangel Island (7.6 thousand sq. km) and Herald Island (11 sq. km), together with the adjacent waters of the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas. Since this area was not covered by a powerful Quaternary glaciation, a very high biodiversity is noted here. Wrangel Island is known for its huge walrus rookeries (one of the largest in the Arctic), as well as the highest density of polar bear birth dens in the world. The area is important as a feeding ground for gray whales migrating here from California and as a breeding ground for more than 50 species of birds, many of which are classified as rare and endangered. More than 400 species and varieties of vascular plants have been recorded on the island, more than on any other Arctic island. Some of the living organisms found here are special island forms of those plants and animals that are widespread on the continent. About 40 species and subspecies of plants, insects, birds and animals are defined as endemic.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution State Natural Reserve "Wrangel Island"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

29th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2005 (Durban, South Africa)

№С1187 - Struve geodetic arc
Transboundary facility: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Finland, Sweden, Estonia

Criteria: (ii) (iii) (vi)
The Struve Arc is a chain of triangulation points stretching for 2820 km across the territory of ten European countries from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea. These reference observation points were laid in the period 1816-1855. astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve (aka Vasily Yakovlevich Struve), who thus made the first reliable measurement of a large segment of the earth's meridian arc. This made it possible to accurately determine the size and shape of our planet, which was an important step in the development of earth sciences and topographic mapping. It was an exceptional example of cooperation in the scientific field between scientists from different countries and between reigning monarchs. Initially, the "arc" consisted of 258 geodetic "triangles" (polygons) with 265 main triangulation points. The World Heritage Site includes 34 such sites (the best surviving to date), which are marked on the ground in a variety of ways, such as: hollows carved into the rocks, iron crosses, cairns or specially installed obelisks.

Criteria: (ii) (iv)
The historic city of Yaroslavl, located approximately 250 km northeast of Moscow at the confluence of the Kotorosl River with the Volga, was founded in the 11th century. and subsequently developed into a large shopping center. It is known for its numerous churches of the 17th century, and as an outstanding example of the implementation of the urban planning reform carried out by decree of Empress Catherine the Great in 1763 throughout Russia. Although the city has retained a number of remarkable historical buildings, it was later reconstructed in the classicist style based on the radial master plan. It also preserved belonging to the sixteenth century. buildings of the Spassky Monastery - one of the oldest in the Upper Volga region, which arose at the end of the 12th century. on the site of a pagan temple, but rebuilt over time.
Information about the object:
on the site of the official portal of the city of Yaroslavl
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

34th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2010 (Brazilia, Brazil)

№ N1234rev - Putorana Plateau

Criteria: (vii) (ix)
This object coincides with its borders with the Putorana State nature reserve located in the northern part of Central Siberia, 100 km beyond the Arctic Circle. The World Heritage part of this plateau has a full range of subarctic and arctic ecosystems preserved in an isolated mountain range, including pristine taiga, forest tundra, tundra and arctic desert systems, as well as a pristine cold water lake and river systems. Through the site runs the main migration route of reindeer, which is an exceptional, majestic and increasingly rare phenomenon of nature.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Joint Directorate of Taimyr Reserves"
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

36th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2012 (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

№ N1299 - Lena Pillars Natural Park

Criteria: (viii)
The Lena Pillars Natural Park is formed by rock formations of rare beauty, which reach a height of about 100 meters and are located along the banks of the Lena River in the central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). They originated in a sharply continental climate with a difference in annual temperature of up to 100 degrees Celsius (from -60°C in winter to +40°C in summer). The pillars are separated from each other by deep and steep ravines, partially filled with frosted rock fragments. The penetration of water from the surface accelerated the process of freezing and contributed to frost weathering. This led to the deepening of the ravines between the pillars and their dispersal. The proximity of the river and its course are dangerous factors for the pillars. On the territory of the object there are remains of many different different types Cambrian period.
Information about the object:
on the website of the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Natural Park "Lena Pillars"
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

38th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2014 (Doha, Qatar)

№С981rev- Bulgarian historical and archaeological complex

Criteria:(ii)(vi)
The facility is located on the banks of the Volga River south of the confluence of the Kama River and south of the capital of Tatarstan, the city of Kazan. It contains evidence of the existence of the medieval city of Bolgar, an ancient settlement of the Volga Bulgar people, which existed from the 7th to the 15th centuries. and was in the thirteenth century. the first capital of the Golden Horde. Bolgar demonstrates the historical and cultural interrelations and transformations in Eurasia over several centuries, which played a decisive role in the formation of civilizations, customs and cultural traditions. The object is an important evidence of historical continuity and diversity of cultures. It is a symbolic reminder of the adoption of Islam by the Volga Bulgars in 922 and remains a sacred place of pilgrimage for Muslim Tatars.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Bulgarian State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve "Great Bolgar"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center