Excursion to the virtual museum of cosmonautics. What to do at the airport during a layover
50 years ago, Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first man to go into outer space: on March 18, 1965, he, together with cosmonaut P.I. Belyaev flew into space on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft as a co-pilot. For the first time in the world, Leonov went into outer space, retired from the ship at a distance of up to 5 m, spending 12 minutes in open space. After the flight, the shortest report in the history of cosmonautics was heard at the state commission: "It is possible to live and work in outer space."
The records of the first years of space exploration paved the way for new achievements and discoveries, allowing humanity to step far beyond the limits of the Earth and human capabilities.
oldest man in space
The oldest person to orbit is U.S. Senator John Glenn, who flew aboard the shuttle Discovery into space in 1998. Glenn was one of the so-called first seven American astronauts, he was the first American astronaut to make an orbital space flight on February 20, 1962. Therefore, Glenn holds the record for the longest period between two space flights.
The youngest astronaut
Cosmonaut German Titov was 25 full years when he went into space on the Vostok 2 spacecraft on August 9, 1961. He became the second person to orbit the Earth, completing 17 orbits around the planet in a 25-hour flight. Titov also became the first person to sleep in space and the first to experience space sickness (loss of appetite, dizziness, headache).
longest space flight
Russian cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the record for the most long stay in space. From 1994 to 1995, he spent 438 days at the Mir station. He also holds the record for the longest solo stay in space.
The shortest flight
On May 5, 1961, Alan Sheppard became the first American to leave Earth in a suborbital space flight. He also holds the record for the shortest flight into space, which lasted only 15 minutes. During this quarter of an hour, he flew to a height of 185 km. It splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean 486 km from the launch site. In 1971, Sheppard landed on the moon, where the 47-year-old astronaut became the oldest person to set foot on the moon's surface.
The furthest flight
The record for the maximum distance of astronauts from the Earth was set by the Apollo 13 team, which in April 1970 flew over the invisible side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 km, finding itself at a record distance of 400,171 km from the Earth.
Longest in space
Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev spent the longest time in space, spending more than 803 days in space during six flights. Among women, this record belongs to Peggy Whitson, who spent more than 376 days in orbit.
Krikalev also owns another, unofficial record: the last person who lived under the USSR. In December 1991, when the USSR disappeared, Sergei was on board the Mir station, and in March 1992 he returned to Russia.
Longest inhabited spacecraft
This record, which is increasing every day, belongs to the ISS. The $100 billion station has been continuously manned since November 2000.
Longest shuttle mission
The Space Shuttle Columbia launched into space on November 19, 1996. Initially, the descent was scheduled for December 5, but weather delayed the landing of the ship, which spent 17 days and 16 hours in orbit.
Longest on the Moon
Harrison Schmitt and Eugene Cernan were on the moon longer than other astronauts - 75 hours. During the landing, they made three long walks with a total duration of more than 22 hours. This was the last manned mission to the Moon and beyond Earth orbit to date.
The fastest flight
The fastest people on Earth and beyond were members of the Apollo 10 mission, the last preparatory flight before landing on the moon. Returning to Earth on May 26, 1969, their ship reached a speed of 39,897 km/h.
Most flights
Most often, the Americans flew into space: Fraanklin Chang-Diaz and Jerry Ross flew into space seven times as part of the space shuttle crews.
Maximum number of spacewalks
Cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov during five space flights in the 80-90s made 16 exits from the station, spending 82 hours in outer space.
Longest spacewalk
On March 11, 2001, astronauts Jim Voss and Susan Helms spent almost nine hours outside of the Discovery shuttle and the ISS, preparing the station for the arrival of the new module. To this day, that space walk remains the longest in history.
The most representative company in space
13 people gathered in space at once in July 2009, when the shuttle Endeavor landed on the ISS, where there were six astronauts. This meeting became the most massive stay in space of people at the same time.
most expensive spaceship
The International Space Station began to be assembled in 1998, and it was completed in 2012. In 2011, the cost of its creation exceeded $100 billion. The station became the most expensive single technical facility ever built and the largest spacecraft. 15 countries took part in its construction, its dimensions today are almost 110 m. The volume of its living quarters is equivalent to the volume of the passenger compartment of a Boeing 747.
How many flights per day can one aircraft perform
Planes on the ground cause losses, so carriers use them as intensively as possible. If the flight lasts no more than one or two hours, the liner can perform three pairs of round-trip flights per day. The most active aircraft fly with low-cost airlines such as Ryanair, Norwegian, EasyJet.Who and how trains flight attendants
At first glance, it seems that the flight attendants have a simple job: to brief before the flight, roll carts along the aisles, give a blanket, bring water and smile, smile. In fact, everything is much more complicated. Flight attendants should not so much serve and entertain as ensure safety. Therefore, future stewardesses and stewards several times a day open emergency hatches and splash around in the pool in clothes and life jackets. However, in good schools they teach everything up to the art of makeup. Like pilots, flight attendants are trained to work on specific aircraft. In recent years, Russian airlines have begun to switch from domestic airliners to foreign ones, and many have to retrain. Since it is necessary to train on certified simulators, and there are still few of them in Russia, flight attendants are trained abroad. For example, the flight attendants of VIM-Avia studied in the UK and Germany, while those of Transaero studied in the UK, Canada and Singapore. The choice of school depends on where the airline has regular flights.How many people are in the crew
Crew modern liners Boeing and Airbus consists of an aircraft commander and co-pilot. Previously, their company also included a flight engineer and a navigator. The number of flight attendants depends solely on the certification requirements of each aircraft - the carrier cannot reduce or increase the staff of stewardesses and stewards at will.What are the rates and how are they calculated?
If you think that any airline employee will explain to you what the mysterious numbers and letters in which the fare is encrypted mean, you are mistaken. This information is available only to the elite - those who are engaged in calculations. Many carriers have dozens of different tariffs. But there is one clear algorithm that applies to all of them. The more “freedom” a ticket has, the more expensive it is. The date of the trip can be changed without penalty - the fare is higher; for the return of the ticket they take a fine - the fare is lower. All airlines issue a certain number of tickets for each day at different rates. If they sell out better than usual, the number of cheap seats decreases, and vice versa. With sales, the carrier decides how much cheap tickets sell on every flight. Of course, tickets at reduced prices for the most popular dates are not sold: no one wants to give away cheaply what they will buy at a high price anyway.How is a ticket issued if it is necessary to fly with one or two transfers
At difficult route it is most convenient to issue a ticket on one form, even if each leg of the journey is performed different airlines– Carriers simply enter into an appropriate agreement. Price travel document for the entire route may be lower than the total cost of tickets purchased separately. Options for possible connections should be known to employees of air ticket offices and travel agencies. single ticket allows you to check in at once for all segments of the journey and not to receive luggage during a transfer - it will be reloaded by airport employees.What is an e-ticket and how to buy it?
Many people think that e-ticket- the one that is sold on the Internet. In fact, this is an electronic record in the airline's database and you can buy it not only on the Internet, but also, for example, at an agency or at the box office. In this case, the seller fills in an electronic form, and the passenger receives a document confirming the payment, and sometimes a printout of his route. The e-ticket is then transferred to the airport via a dedicated data exchange network. At check-in, the passenger shows his documents to the airline staff, and they check them with the ticket data. For the carrier, an e-ticket is cheaper and easier to maintain than a paper one. Therefore, the International Association air transport(IATA) decided to implement new type ticket in all airlines until July 1, 2008. Most likely in Russia it will happen a little later.What are airport taxes and why are they different everywhere?
Each airport charges airlines for its services (taking off and landing, refueling, in-flight catering). All airports have different fees, depending on the policy and wishes of a particular airport. There are other reasons, for example, the amount of the fee that is paid for take-off and landing is determined by the weight of the aircraft. The heavier it is, the greater the collection. The runway is still an expensive construction.What to do at the airport during a layover
Major airports have long competed in the number of shops and restaurants, but in recent years it has become clear that food and shopping are not enough - passengers need other entertainment. London Heathrow Airport Terminal 1 (www.heathrowairport.com) has a 'clean' area with a beauty salon, hairdresser and spa open from 6:30 am to 9:30 pm (+44(20)8745.6440). The Yotel mini-hotel is open in Terminal 4 (+44(20)7100.1100, yotel.com) - in small rooms with a bed and a shower, it is quite possible to relax while waiting connecting flight. Prices - from 25 pounds. At MUNICH AIRPORT (www.munich-airport.de) you should, of course, drink beer. Maintaining the status of Bavaria, the airport management opened a small brewery in the Airbräu restaurant. You can find out about the opening hours of the restaurant at www.airbraeu.de. Singapore's CHANGI AIRPORT (www.changiaairport.com) offers passengers a spa center with services ranging from simple manicures to massages. In terminal 1 you can relax in the Rainforest (www.rainforestbysats.com), in terminal 2 - in the Plaza Premium Lounge (www.plaza-ppl.com). There is even a swimming pool in Terminal 1 on the third level - those who booked a room at the Ambassador Transit Hotel can splash in it for free, the rest will cost 14 Singapore dollars (www.airport-hotel.com.sg). Stockholm ARLANDA AIRPORT (www.arlanda.se) invites tourists not to relax between flights, but to work a little. Internet access, photocopiers, fax machines, newspapers and magazines can all be found in the airport's business center. The office room does not need to be booked in advance. If you are interested in details, you can contact the business center at +46(8)797.6200 or by email: [email protected] At the largest airport in the world - HARTSFIELD-JACKSON (www.atlanta-airport.com) in Atlanta, it is still worth choosing traditional entertainment for tourists - shopping. With a limited budget, the Bijoux Terner store in Terminal A will save you with a bunch of little things worth up to $10. If you have a long trip ahead of you, you should stop by Brookestone in the same terminal - you can buy something useful there and sit in a massage chair.Is it possible to return the entire cost of the ticket if I had to cancel the trip?
Money can be received only when it is provided for by your tariff. As a rule, if the ticket is inexpensive, you will have to pay a fine. Tickets purchased by special promotions, and at all "irrevocable". This is the biggest rule international airlines. Not so long ago, new air transportation standards were adopted in Russia. Now, if a passenger cancels a flight more than 24 hours in advance, the carrier is obliged to refund the full cost of the travel document. Airlines did not like this law. If it is not canceled, cheap tickets will most likely disappear from sale - they will simply become unprofitable. By the way, international carriers flying to Russia are unlikely to be subject to the new rules.What is interline and codeshare?
Interline means that one carrier allows another to sell tickets for their flights and issue them on their own forms. For example, if the airline from which you buy a ticket to India has an interline agreement with an Indian domestic carrier, you will not have to run around looking for tickets upon arrival to continue your journey. With code sharing (from English - code share, “share a code”), airlines operating flights on the same route assign two codes to flights - their own and a partner's - and sell tickets for both their own and partner flights. One of the first and most famous examples of code sharing in our country is the partnership between Aeroflot and Air France on the Moscow-Paris route. Passengers, when buying a ticket at the box office of one of the airlines, most often do not know whose plane they will fly on. One of the main conditions of such agreements is the quality of transportation - it should match as much as possible so that no one is offended.How are seats chosen at check-in?
Passengers are distributed in the cabin in such a way that the alignment of the aircraft in flight is observed. Some rows can be given to special categories of travelers: for example, the first row in the economy class cabin is often reserved for passengers with children. If people are flying with a transfer, then airlines take into account this aspect. Hurrying on the next flight try to put as close to the exit as possible.How to check-in for a plane yourself
ABOUT traditional way You probably don't need to tell the check-in for the flight. But new methods cannot but interest travelers who in recent years have been increasingly striving for independence. Many airports have already installed special kiosks at their locations - the passenger enters his data into it and prints boarding pass. You can check in your luggage in two ways - either give it to the check-in desk, or print out your luggage ticket at the same kiosk and put your suitcase on the belt. In Russia, Aeroflot put up their kiosks in Sheremetyevo, as well as Lufthansa and british airways- in Domodedovo. But kiosks alone were not enough, and passengers were offered to check in via the Internet, which means that they can choose a seat on the plane and print out a boarding pass before leaving home. Another option is to checkout with mobile phone. In this case, the tourist receives a special bar code on the phone, in which information about his flight is encrypted. Among Russian carriers, Transaero has already announced the launch of Internet registration, but telephone registration will not appear soon - first, it is necessary to equip airports with special equipment.The world's largest aviation alliances
STAR ALLIANCE www.staralliance.com The first and currently the largest alliance in the world, which was established in 1997. The leader is the German airline Lufthansa Participants: Air Canada, Air China (flies to Russia), Air New Zealand, ANA, Asiana Airlines, Austrian (flies to Russia), bmi (flies to Russia), LOT Polish Airlines (flies to Russia), SAS (flies to Russia), Shanghai Airlines, Singapore Airlines (flies to Russia), South Africa Airways, SpanAir (flies to Russia), Swiss (flies to Russia), TAP Portugal, Thai (flies to Russia), United, US Airways SKYTEAM www.skyteam.com Founded in 2000. Leader - AirFrance Participants: Aeroflot (the only Russian company included in the global alliance), AeroMexico, KLM (flies to Russia), AlItalia (flies to Russia), China Southern (flies to Russia), Continental airlines, Czech airlines, Delta (flies to Russia), Korean Air (flies to Russia), NWA. ONEWORLD www.oneworld.com Created in 1999. The leader is British Airways. Participants: American Airways, Cathay Pacific (does not fly to Russia, but nevertheless sells part of the tickets for the Hong Kong-Moscow flight operated by Aeroflot), Finnair (flies to Russia), Iberia (flies to Russia), JAL Japan Airlines (flies to Russia), LAN, Malev (flies to Russia), Qantas, Royal Jordanian (flies to Russia).Why do airlines form alliances and what does it give passengers?
Air alliances allow airlines to expand their own route networks without opening new flights. By concluding agreements with carriers in other countries (see what interline and code sharing are), airlines get the opportunity to book their travelers on flights operated by their partners in other regions. As a rule, alliances have uniform incentive programs for passengers, which allows them to collect points using the services of various companies in different countries. Despite the many benefits for customers, there is a perception in the aviation market that alliances are created in order to deter potential competitors.Which airport is called a hub
The word "hub" is taken from the English phrase hub and spoke - axle and spokes. A hub is an airport where you transfer to another flight. Over the past two decades, the number of air passengers around the world has grown significantly. Offering more and more new routes, the airlines realized what to build route network using connections is more profitable than flying from point A to point B. So flights became spokes, and airports became an axis. To get the title of a hub, the airport has little advantage geographical location and agreements with airlines. It is necessary to draw up a schedule convenient for connections and develop a special technology that will allow passengers to transfer from one aircraft to another as quickly as possible. The largest hub in the world is Hartsfield-Jackson Airport in Atlanta (USA), London Heathrow holds the championship in Europe, and Frankfurt am Main Airport is the leader on the continent. In Moscow, Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo claim to be the hub. However, in Sheremetyevo, international and domestic flights are still separated from different terminals, which are far from each other. Therefore, it will be possible to call it a hub only after the third terminal is opened, in which Aeroflot's domestic flights will finally connect with external ones. The disadvantage of Domodedovo is the lack of a base airline that could create the necessary network of routes. As a result, the airport is trying to independently build the "spokes" in the right order.How to get to the airport and move between terminals?
Getting to an airport anywhere in the world is getting easier. The metro and train have been added to the usual taxis and buses, and in many countries the branch leading to the airport is connected to the general system. railway transport. For example, accurate as a clock, the schedule of Swiss railways allows already at the Zurich airport to draw up further route trips around the country with several transfers. As airports grow, passengers have a new problem: how to move between terminals. Most often, buses and special mini-trains come to their aid. However, this is not enough. London's Heathrow is currently testing an electric vehicle system - a small car designed for four people, moves along a monorail and is controlled using a small remote control with a few buttons. "I got a job as a babysitter to earn money for training flights" It all started with a hobby. After school, I studied at the flying club in St. Petersburg, then I tried to enter the navigation department of the Academy civil aviation but I was categorically denied. A year later, there was a second attempt - and again a refusal. My desire to fly resonated with my friends from America. There was a small airfield with a flight school not far from their house. Friends agreed with several neighboring families - they needed a nanny, so I earned money for flights. I went through the standard path for thousands of American pilots from training on a single-engine Cessna 172 aircraft, obtaining PPL (Private Pilot License) rights to an internship on a twin-engine Beechcraft BC 9 in a cargo charter airline and obtaining commercial rights (CPL). Theoretically, after that it was possible to apply for a job in an airline and fly medium-haul aircraft such as Boeing 737. However, after the tragedy of September 11, 2001, many airlines in the United States went bankrupt and an army of unemployed pilots appeared in the country. I returned to Russia, where at that time the pilots were also not in demand. In addition, American commercial rights are not recognized here, it is necessary to fly a certain number of hours and get a Russian commercial certificate. Knowing that in Russia (unlike the USA and Europe) a pilot must have a specialized higher education, I nevertheless entered the academy, though not at the command faculty, but at the dispatcher. After graduating from the academy with a degree in air traffic control and having worked in Domodedovo and Pulkovo, I finally waited for the time when there was a shortage of flight personnel in Russia. I took out a loan, completed the required flights and received a Russian commercial certificate. After that, I managed to find a job in a Russian airline. Now the girls have the opportunity to get into flight schools However, this will require a lot of effort. Although according to own experience I can say that the obstacles only convinced me that I really want to do this.Today I studied the ICAO website (International Civil Aviation Organization or international organization civil aviation). I found some interesting statistics, which, I think, may be of interest to many.
In 2012, over 31 million flights were made worldwide! From this we can conclude that more than 85,000 aircraft fly over our heads every day! In total, 3 billion passengers were transported in 2012, i.е. nearly half of the world's population. It is only about civil aviation. In Asia, North America and Europe is the busiest air space.
Screenshot of icao.int 
According to Wikipedia (there may be inaccuracies!) in 2012 there were 25 air crashes, including small aircraft, in which 314 people died. These were mostly aircraft and helicopter accidents. small aviation. Large (or relatively large) passenger aircraft seven pieces were broken. Unfortunately, 4 of them were aircraft of Russian carriers. ATR 72 of UTair airline crashed on April 2 near Tyumen (31 people died), May 9 Sukhoi Superjet 100 crashed during a demonstration flight in Indonesia (45 people died), on September 12, An28 crashed in Kamchatka (10 people died) and on December 29, 2012, the Red Wings Tu-204 plane rolled out of runway Vnukovo airport. There were no passengers on the plane, but 5 crew members died ... Thus, in 2012, almost a third of those killed in air crashes fell on Russian aviation… Very sad statistics.
On the other hand, if you look at the world statistics, it is obvious that air transport is really very safe. For 3 billion passengers - a little more than 300 dead ... I.e. it is 0.0000001%. I do not know the statistics on motor transport, but I am sure that the figure will be alarmingly large.
Believe in a good and always soft landing!!!
Georgy Mikhailovich Grechko - Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero Soviet Union. Since 1966 he has been a member of the cosmonaut corps.
A sincere interview about the past, present and future of space exploration.
– Georgy Mikhailovich, you were born before the war, in 1931. You have captured a huge historical layer: the pre-war era, the war, work in the design bureau of S.P. Koroleva, space flights. These are great eras. May I ask you to tell us about the pre-war period? And, of course, we are interested in the war itself. What did you see and remember from this tragic and heroic period?
I wanted to say: thank you, Lord, I was born just in time. Because the Stalinist repressions were already ending, and bazaar capitalism, thank God, had not yet begun. My active life was at a time when it was wonderful in Russia, not rich, but very interesting, and all paths were open, everything depended on you, and not on a bribe. So thank you Lord, I was born on time.
Before the war, I lived in Leningrad, with ...
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Cosmonaut Grechko Georgy Mikhailovich
Cosmonaut: Georgy Mikhailovich Grechko (05/25/1931)
34th cosmonaut of the USSR (75th in the world), Flight duration (1969): 29 days 13 hours 20 minutes, call sign Zenit-2 Flight duration (1977): 96 days 10, Taimyr-2 »Flight duration (1980): 8 days 21 hours 13 minutes, Cheget-2 (at the start), Pamir-2 (during landing).
Biography
On May 25, 1931, the outstanding cosmonaut Georgy Grechko was born in Leningrad. At the age of 16, he took part in the work of a polar exploration expedition, taking place on Kola Peninsula. In 1949, he graduated from high school, after which he entered and graduated with honors from the Military Mechanics Institute in Leningrad. Last year Georgy Mikhailov worked as a technician and engineer in OKB-1, Kaliningrad, Moscow region. Georgy also defended his diploma in OKB-1, he received the qualification of a mechanical engineer. The further activity of the future cosmonaut took place in the OKB-1 rocket and space bureau, where Georgy ...
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MOSCOW, 8 April. /TASS/. Cosmonaut Georgy Mikhailovich Grechko did not live a few months before the 60th anniversary of the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, to which he was directly related. He carefully prepared for this anniversary, as well as for any other events in his life, the compiler of three volumes of memoirs told TASS Soviet cosmonaut, deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine "Istorik" Arseniy Zamostyanov.
Ballistics of "Sputnik-1"
On April 8, it became known that twice Hero of the Soviet Union, engineer and cosmonaut Grechko died at the age of 86. He was born on May 25, 1931 in Leningrad. On May 27, 1968, he was enlisted in the cosmonaut corps. In 1957, in the team of Sergei Korolev, Grechko was engaged in preparing for the flight of the first Soviet spacecraft Sputnik-1. He is one of the famous members of this historical event, which became the beginning of the space age of mankind.
see also
"Great achievement...
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A brave explorer and a reliable comrade - this is how the pilot-cosmonaut who twice received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union Georgy Grechko appears before our eyes. The biography will impress anyone, because he can rightly be called a fantastic person.
Grechko Georgy Mikhailovich
In the hope of finding traces of alien creatures, he explored the length and breadth of the Tunguska taiga, sands Sinai Peninsula and the pyramids of Egypt. He flew three times to the orbital station, in one of which he set a record time for a person to stay in open space. A planet was named after him.
Few people know that the first long-awaited flight could be the last for the astronaut - his life hung in the balance. The doctors shrugged their shoulders and were not sure that the patient would live. His chances were zero. But the pilot-cosmonaut turned out to be stronger than the circumstances - Georgy quickly got to his feet and continued as if nothing had happened ...
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Grechko Georgy Mikhailovich - USSR pilot-cosmonaut number 34 and world cosmonaut number 75.
Carried out three space flights with a total duration of 134 days, 20 hours, 32 minutes and 58 seconds. Made a spacewalk that lasted 1 hour 28 minutes.
short biography
Georgy Mikhailovich Grechko was born on May 25, 1931 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) in a simple family of ordinary engineering workers. Father - Grechko Mikhail Fedorovich, mother - Grechko Alexandra Yakovlevna.
The boy grew up inquisitive and dreamed of becoming a tanker or a sniper, because his childhood was in the war. The war found a ten-year-old boy in Ukraine, where he was visiting his grandmother. Once he was almost shot by a German soldier, and only a miracle took the bullet away from the boy.
In 1943, the Soviet army liberated the occupied territories, and the child returned to his parents. In 1949 he successfully graduated from high school and entered the Leningrad Mechanical Institute. After his...
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Pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union Georgy Grechko died at the age of 86 on the night of April 8.
At his house, in the town of astronauts, the Christmas tree has not yet been removed, but the cucumbers have already risen. From the depths of the apartment comes "Your Honor, Lady Luck." The film "White Sun of the Desert" is traditionally watched at the cosmodrome before each flight, but these are just random shots from the TV, which Grechko has been on all day. Its orbit has long been the Earth, but in the soul it is still the sky.
It's not hard to be a god
On his 75th birthday, Grechko was presented with his handwritten application for admission to the cosmonaut corps, with lines in blue and white: “I am ready to give all my skills and even my life ...” How many times this promise could come true! The main parachute did not open in time during landing, the reserve did not open behind it, and the instruments indifferently counted the time remaining before hitting the ground. The parachute did open... But the worst thing happened after...0 0
Among my friends, buddies and acquaintances, he is the only one who, despite his seventy-five, is ready at the first opportunity to go on an expedition to any part of the Earth. Naturally, this requires "special circumstances", but, fortunately, our unpredictable time provides them regularly. It happened this time as well.
Georgy Mikhailovich Grechko again went in search of aliens.
This is not the first time he has done this, and, it would seem, the passion for our "brothers in mind" should subside, smooth out with time, but this is not so: the newly glorified astronaut flies in a helicopter, looking out for a "flying saucer" from the air, and swallows dust desert, which generously rises from under the wheels of the all-terrain vehicle.
Do you really believe that you will find an alien ship? - I ask a restless friend.
Probably not, he replies. “However, I must see with my own eyes that he is not there. As you know, in science, a negative result is no less important than...
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Georgy Grechko, our most charming cosmonaut, passed away today. He was 85 years old, in space Grechko spent 134 days and nights 20 hours 32 minutes 58 seconds.
It was Grechko, and not Armstrong, who was to be the first to conquer the Earth's satellite. But first, the Soviet lunar program was closed, and then Grechko got into an accident and was decommissioned for many years in reserve. The cosmonaut waited 14 years for his first flight.
Before that, there were many accidents that led Georgy Grechko to his dream on a long and winding road. Back in 1941, as a ten-year-old child, he could have died: he went from Leningrad to Ukraine for a vacation with his grandmother and ended up in occupation. George miraculously survived during the Nazi shelling.
“We grab my grandmother by the hands, my brother and I - and he is my same age - and we say: “Grandma, run!”, Because burning alive is very scary, ”Grechko recalled then.
In 1954, after graduating from the Leningrad Military Mech, Grechko was assigned to the Korolev Design Bureau. He participated in the development of the first...
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Soviet and Russian pilot-cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Volkov learned about the death of his friend and teacher Georgy Grechko in Cyprus, where he has traditional meetings with colleagues and young specialists on the eve of April 12, Cosmonautics Day. The correspondent of "Komsomolskaya Pravda" managed to get through to Alexander Alexandrovich.
My eldest son Sergei (also a cosmonaut - Ed. note) told me that Georgy Mikhailovich had died, - said Alexander Volkov. - He was a teacher for me, who taught not only in training on Earth, but also in space flight. He told me how to behave in the first minutes in weightlessness and work there.
Alexander Alexandrovich, when you last time communicated with Georgy Mikhailovich?
We saw each other on his anniversary - 85 years. It was in May last year. We sailed on the boat along the Moscow River and congratulated him. He was very happy and in a good mood. Around him were best friends. We sang songs and...
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On the eve of Cosmonautics Day, Gorod+ managed to communicate with a person for whom April 12 is a professional holiday. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut Georgy Grechko spent 135 days in orbit. He made three flights and one spacewalk. Now Georgy Mikhailovich is 82 years old, he is still engaged in science and continues to be interested in space.
Georgy Mikhailovich, tell us how you came to cosmonautics?
I dreamed about astronautics since school, however, then it was called "interplanetary communications". I read science fiction and realized that I want to connect my life with it.
What books have had such a strong impression on you?
Now few people know them, but in my time they were quite popular - "Red Planet", "Argonauts of the Universe". Later, the Strugatsky brothers, Stanislav Lem appeared and my dream arose. I found an institute where they did not train cosmonauts, but trained rocket designers. I trained in...
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Can't believe he's gone forever. Age? Yes, he did not live a month and a half before his 86th birthday. But it always seemed that age is not about him. The most smiling, the most open, the brightest... He is the cosmonaut Georgy Grechko. Everyone knew him that way.
Georgy Mikhailovich was one of the first "civilian" - engineers who flew into space. Before that, he already had a super job: the launch of the first satellite, the development of devices for distant planets. Then the idea of a man flying around the Sun soared. They discussed the issues of placing the ship at libration points, and when flying to Mars, the possibility of mooring to the Phobos or Deimos satellites ...
When they decided to create a special squad of test cosmonauts for a flight to the moon, Grechko did not hesitate for a second. If everything worked out, then he would work in lunar orbit, and the crew commander would land on the moon. Alas, the program was closed. But George did not give his "star ticket" to anyone.
Three space flights, records ... And - the risk is on the verge ...
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Twice hero of the Soviet Union pilot-cosmonaut Georgy Grechko: “we had everything in space: both alcohol and women”
Exactly 30 years ago, a world record was set for the duration of a person's stay in space - 96 days in orbit!
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine Georgy Grechko in Odessa is not a rare guest.
For me, Odessa is a special city, - the cosmonaut admits. - Sergei Korolev lived and took his first “space” steps here, under whose leadership I was lucky to work, I learned a lot from him and proudly consider myself a “queen”. The creator of rocket technology Valentin Glushko also worked in Odessa, cosmonauts Georgy Dobrovolsky and Georgy Shonin were born. Therefore, when I planned to create a museum of cosmonautics here (perhaps right at the intersection of Koroleva Street and Glushko Avenue), I gladly accepted the invitation of the Odessa mayor and arrived.
“My dad is Ukrainian, my mom is...
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On the night of April 8, the USSR pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union Georgy Grechko died. He was 85 years old.
Biography of George Grechko
During his professional career, Georgy Mikhailovich made three space flights. In total, Grechko spent 134 days, 20 hours, 32 minutes and 58 seconds in space. He also made one spacewalk for 1 hour 28 minutes.
Georgy Mikhailovich Grechko was born on May 25, 1931 in Leningrad. His father was a researcher, his mother was a chief engineer at a plant. Ros Gosha grew up in a communal apartment for nine families and retained the best memories of his childhood.
Literally a week before the start of the war, ten-year-old Gosha was sent to his grandmother in Chernihiv. The holidays turned into a two-year occupation. The boy almost died when the Nazis burned houses in the settlement. And once a shell exploded very close, everyone who was nearby was injured, and George remained unharmed. There were other situations in which the astronaut managed to survive ...
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They say that a certain businessman was so afraid of flying on planes because of the threat of explosions that he came up with an original method of combating terrorism: on any trip he took a dummy bomb with him, confident that there would certainly not be a second person with the same luggage on board. .
If you fantasize about the wine list at the airport before your trip, and when choosing an airline, you are guided by Yandex’s opinion on the topic “Yak-40 plane crashes along the route over the past 15 years”, we sympathize - you have aerophobia.
Often, patients with this unpleasant disease consider it to be something like an aggravation of common sense: “Well, the plane crashed just yesterday - I knew it, I will never sit in this death capsule again!” And then, when you still have to fly, the flight attendants observe nervous, sweating passengers who, as soon as they enter the cabin, fasten their seat belts tightly, grab the armrests and, with a crazy look, begin to wait for death. If you are one of these unfortunates, then remember: aerophobia is a diagnosis.
Terror flying on wings
Imagine a map of the world. Of course, the center of the universe is you, but still, how many people on this planet major cities. And they have airports. And every hour, 20 planes visit these airports. In total, 138,000 planes safely reach their destination every day in the world - and these are only commercial flights. If the chance of a daily crash was only 0.01%, this would mean that at least 13 planes must crash per day!
It turns out that about 50 million flights are made in the world every year. There are only a few failed ones. Well, let's say six. This is 500 people. Those who landed successfully - about 5 billion. And therefore the chance to die in the next raid is 1 in 10 million. Yes, of course, he is - but where is he not? You walk down an icy street in February, you eat bony fish, you swim drunk, you water flowers in Haiti, you ride the Moscow subway... And the people around you don't care about your life. In an airplane, it is the multimillion-dollar industry that takes care of you, honed to the most insignificant screws: precisely because it is dangerous to fly from the very beginning, humanity has made this action as safe as possible.
How to calm down
However, all these facts convince a real aerophobe only in part. “And if the wing falls off?”, “What if there is a thunderstorm?”, “Well, can the engines turn off?” - in fact, there are no number of questions. There will always be an additional, the same one, the answer to which once and for all must expose the worldwide conspiracy of aviators against your life.
It's better not to hurt yourself. And just do the following:
Learn physics, at least its basics. They will say a lot. For example, many are afraid to simply fall down from a height of 10 km. So, this simply cannot be because of the strong pressure under the wings of the aircraft. It stays in the air as well as a car on the highway. It can be put on the tail, rotated around its axis by 100 degrees, directed down - and if you release the steering wheel, the plane will simply sway in the air, like a boat on the waves.
In Moscow, you can visit the unique Boeing-737 cockpit simulator. It is owned by a private company TFT. This is exactly the simulator on which the real pilots rehearse various emergency situations- the notorious engine and landing gear failures, flying in a thunderstorm, snowfall and fog. Inside this is a real Boeing cockpit, in which all the effects are absolutely "no fools". Anyone can fly it with an instructor pilot, you can also ask to simulate any situations and explain how the aircraft behaves in this case.
The right decision would be to see a doctor. After all, aerophobia is a disease, and it needs to be treated. So far, there is only one clinic in Russia dealing with this issue - it is called "Fly without fear" and is located in Moscow. The course of treatment usually fits in two days and several thousand rubles. For those who cannot come, there are online courses that can be paid online.
Can Russian Airlines be trusted?
If you decide to fly without all these tricks, then, first of all, remember: choosing an airline desperately, you are just wasting your time. They are all equally safe - that of Lufthansa, that of Aeroflot, that of Izhevsk Airlines.
“No one has ever heard of Tajik-Avia or Ural Airlines crashing,” says the director of the Fly Without Fear clinic, the pilot Alexey Gervash. “Airlines, like turbulence, are just a matter of comfort, not safety. Aviation is a huge structure with a strict hierarchy, there are thousands of requirements, and if a company puts its plane at the airport, it means that it meets all of them. And it’s completely wrong to think that Russian airlines are worse than others: 1.5 years have passed from the plane crash in Perm to the crash near Smolensk, and during this time not a single person has died in Russia “in the sky.”
Rumors that pilots in Russia drink, dilute gasoline, airlines buy planes decommissioned in Korea and repair them in a barn with a sledgehammer are also the result of mass aerophobia. Russia is part of the global aviation community. If the fears are to be believed, millions of careless people allow Russian drunken pilots in wrecks with diluted gasoline to fly hourly over power plants, schools, UNESCO monuments and the Large Hadron Collider. Suicides, no less. Or is that still not the case?
By the way, pilots and flight attendants do not receive cash bonuses “for risk”. Because the plane flies not contrary to common sense and the laws of nature, but thanks to them.
