Types of guidebooks in modern times. Event tourism: where the most interesting

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Goals:

Educational :

• to acquaint with the history of tourism, types of tourism, the formation of modern forms of tourism activities, professions in the field of tourism.

students should know:

• types of tourism depending on the purpose of travel;
• modern forms of tourism activity;
• tourism professions.

Educational: promote labor education and career guidance, promote aesthetic education (aesthetics of abstract design, aesthetics of work performed).

Developing: to develop the ability to logically express one's thoughts, to develop the ability to highlight the main thing in the material being studied, to develop cognitive interest.

Interdisciplinary connections: geography, history, local history.

Lesson type: learning lesson.

Class type: combined lesson.

Teaching methods: verbal (explanation, conversation), practical (independent work), work in "small groups".

Equipment: PC, presentation for the lesson on the topic, videos: “What is tourism?”, “Types of tourism”, “Park im. D.K. Motherland in the village Chobruchi”, professiograms.

Literature.

For the teacher:

1. Gansky V.A., Andreichuk E.V. History of travel and tourism: educational and methodological complex for students / V.A. Gansky, Andreychuk E.V. - Novopolotsk: PGU, 2014.
2. Babkin A.V. Special types of tourism.

For students:

1. Batalova L.V. From the history of tourism development / / Sat. scientific articles. Issue. 2. Izhevsk, 1999, - 148 p.
2. Birzhakov M.B., Kazakov N.P. Safety in tourism. - St. Petersburg: 2006.
3. Zorin I.V., Kvartalnov V.A. Tourist terminological dictionary. M., Soviet sport, 1999, - 384 p.
4. Makarevich E.A. Tourist weekend trips. S-Pb. 1990.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND LESSON CONTENT

Slide 1. Ecology and tourism

I. Organizational stage

1. Organization of the lesson.
2. Setting educational and educational goals.
3. Motivation and justification for the need to study the topic.

II. Preparatory stage

Updating the initial level of knowledge, skills and abilities on the topic (survey questions).

1. In the last lesson, we talked about the study of the native land, the study of its nature, its history from ancient times to the present day, as well as the population of the native land, its culture, religion, way of life ... and this is all called .... (local history)

2. Homework was to complete a guide to interesting places native land.

1. What is a travel guide?
2. What are the main requirements for the implementation of the guide.

III. main stage

3.1. Presentation of a new topic

We will turn to your guides a little later, but now, to move on to a new topic, I suggest that you solve a crossword puzzle.

slide 2

Crossword

1. It crosses the river. (bridge)
2. Cruise. (cruise)
3. The more firewood, the brighter it is . (bonfire)
4. The place where the river originates. (source)
5. The angle between north and a distant object. (azimuth)
6. A device that helps to determine the cardinal points. (compass)

Keyword – Tourism.

I would like to start today's lesson with the words of the video blogger G. Alexandrov: "Traveling helps to understand the beauty of space and the pricelessness of time."

slide 3

Write down the topic of the lesson: Tourism. Types of tourism and forms of tourist travel.

What is tourism? (student answers)

History of tourism:

People have been engaged in tourism since ancient times: travel for the purpose of trade, conquest, dissemination of religious teachings, etc. Almost all major ancient Greek thinkers traveled frequently. In the VI century. BC e. The ancient Greeks and Romans traveled to Egypt, where they were interested in history, culture, nature, and peculiar Egyptian structures.

The Nile Valley was visited by the philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras, who was the first to describe his many travels, in order to gain knowledge. The Roman philosopher and writer Seneca in his Letters to Lucilius expressed the most important principle of travel, which has not lost its relevance today. He wrote that for travel it is necessary "to choose healthy places not only for the body, but also for nature."

Traveling in Ancient Greece was of an educational and entertaining nature: the country hosted the Olympic Games, festivals, etc.

A special role in the development of tourism and local history activities belongs to the geographical discoveries of the XV - early. 16th century Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Fernand Magellan, made it possible to learn new lands, the peoples that inhabited, their life, way of life, culture, religion. (Annex 2)

slide 4

Travel destinations in the ancient world:

• Search for favorable conditions for living.
• Knowledge of intercultural communications.
• Search for ways and contacts with other nations.

Name some travelers you know. (student answers)

slide 5

Famous travelers:

Christopher Columbus– America's pioneer.

Vasco da Gama – pioneer of the sea route to India.

Miklukho Maclay- P having given birth for more than a year in New Guinea, he not only discovered new lands, but also taught the natives to grow corn, pumpkin, beans and fruit trees.

slide 6

Afanasy Nikitin - the first Russian traveler who visited India and Persia. Returning back, he visited Samoli, Turkey and Muscat. His notes "Journey Beyond Three Seas" have become valuable historical and literary aids.

Fedor Konyukhov today is the most famous Russian traveler. He is 60, but his soul is still full of thirst for new adventures.

Jacques-Yves Cousteau - famous French oceanographer, traveler and "pioneer" of underwater filming and research, inventor of scuba gear and author of many books.

Slide 7

The term " tourism" invented by the writer Mark Twain

Slide 8

One of the most profitable types of business, with the help of which not only firms, but also entire states get rich - tourism and everything connected with it: routes, tickets, hotels, guidebooks, traveler's checks, was invented by one person - an English entrepreneur Thomas Cook - They is the founder of tourism.

The first travel company was called: Thomas Cook & Son.

July 5, 1841 to the sounds of an orchestra and the cheers of the crowd, 570 people departed in an organized manner for Loughborough (a city in Leicestershire, England).

Slide 9

Word "tourism" comes from the French "Toig", which means a walk, a trip, a journey. Tour - a journey somewhere with a mandatory return back.

Tourism - this is a trip organized in your free time from work, for the purpose of active recreation and cultural leisure in the bosom of nature, health promotion, etc.

Depending on the travel destinations tourism is divided into:

• Informative;
• Wellness;
• Sports;
• Pilgrimage;
• Business;
• Guest, nostalgic.

Let's take a closer look at each type of tourism.

Slide 10

Educational tourism is visiting interesting places and objects and getting information about them. These are trips to other cities, other countries, visiting unique natural areas, bird watching in nature. Tourists get new impressions, broaden their horizons.

Health tourism - This tourist travel, trips and hikes in any area with favorable natural and climatic conditions and stay there for the purpose of recreation. This type of tourism is associated with the stay at the resorts of practically healthy persons who do not need medical care, medical supervision and treatment.

slide 11

Sports tourism- a sport based on competitions on routes that include overcoming obstacles in the natural environment (roads and trails with various surfaces and off-road, crossings, passes, peaks, rapids, canyons, caves, etc.), and at distances laid in natural environment and on artificial terrain.

Pilgrimage tourism- this is an activity for organizing visits by tourists to objects related to historical, cultural and natural heritage. Acquaintance of representatives of various religions and strata of the population not only with religious, but also with the historical, cultural and artistic values ​​of the visited places, gives them the opportunity to gain new knowledge, to assess the surrounding reality in a new way.

slide 12

Business tourism - trips within the country or abroad related to business, including participation in exhibitions, conferences, forums, etc.

Guest, nostalgic tourism - view tourism associated with visiting relatives, parents or places of historical residence.

Couchsurfing - exchange leave. Couchsurfers are people who travel the world, staying not in hotels, but with acquaintances whom they previously met through the Internet.

And now, to consolidate this material, let's do the exercise "Guess who it is?"

3.2. Independent work of students

Work in "small groups": cards "Categories of travelers". ( Annex 3)

At the next stage of our lesson, we will consider the forms of tourist travel.

slide 13

Forms of tourist travel

Tourist trips are carried out by forming tourist groups in various organizational forms: walks, excursions, expeditions, hikes.

Walk - the simplest form of tourist and local history work. Walks are organized in the forest, on the river, in the mountains, etc. They do not need special expenses and special tourist equipment.

Excursion - this is a collective visit to outstanding places for educational, educational, scientific or entertainment purposes. They are clearly divided into three types: nature, the sphere economic activity, in the sphere of cultural activity.

Educational (program) excursions - this is a short-term exit of students into the outside world planned by the program to get acquainted with specific objects, typical phenomena and processes that confirm the theoretical positions considered in the classroom.

Regional extracurricular excursions - an organized exit or trip of a group of students in order to study their region.

General educational excursions - this is an exit or a trip to the objects of culture, nature or economy of an amateur group of students under the guidance of a guide in order to broaden their horizons and raise the general cultural level of the tourists.

hiking - this is a trip of an organized group using active forms of movement along a certain route, during which it is possible to overcome natural obstacles: passes, rapids, caves, etc. different categories and degrees of difficulty. A tourist trip, as a rule, pursues several goals, in which the dominant goal determines the tourist route, the duration of the trip, the mode of transportation, the type of temporary housing and other conditions. In the campaign, the ability to overcome difficulties is manifested, people learn collectivism and mutual assistance, discipline and assertiveness increase in them. Hiking is especially valuable, because very often people reveal themselves in a completely different way during a hike than at school or at work. The main difference between a tourist trip and an excursion is that in a tourist trip, observations are made of various objects, phenomena and processes that occur on the route, according to a pre-planned plan, while an excursion involves the study of precisely selected objects according to a special program.

Expedition - this is a journey that is carried out with the aim of studying the history of the native land, the environment, the phenomena of social life, civilization, the study of geographical, ethnographic, historical objects using technical vehicles or without them. Expeditions, depending on the purpose and direction of work, can be local history, scientific, etc. Expeditions differ from campaigns in more complex educational tasks, as well as in duration. In the system of local history work, expeditions appear as a more complex type of travel compared to excursions and hikes. The expedition gives students the opportunity to master the elementary methods of research work in the field, to develop initiative and amateur performance. The subjects of school local history expeditions are diverse and depend mainly on the needs of local scientific and economic institutions in local history materials, the level of scientific training of teachers and high school students. Skillfully organized local history and expedition work brings young researchers pleasure from the social significance and usefulness of the work performed.

Awareness of this increases the sense of responsibility for the task assigned, develops activity, initiative and independence, strengthens discipline.

Now let's get acquainted with the types of tourism. The next stage of our work: write down the types of tourism in the abstract.

Slide 14

Today, tourism is so well developed that there are a lot of professions associated with it. This is a profitable business, because for some countries tourists are the main source of income.

Here, in Pridnestrovie, tourist services are also in great demand. Let's look at what professions are very popular.

slide 15

Professions in the field of tourism:

slide 16

tour operator– deals with the organization of both group and individual trips, and is also an intermediary in the provision of trips organized by other travel organizations. Tour operators sell tickets, make travel offers, make hotel reservations, arrange visas, arrange travel insurance, inform customers about changes to bookings or cancellations of flights, as well as their rights, duties and responsibilities.

Slide 17

Travel agent– advises clients on the tourist services offered by the company. His responsibilities include the execution of contracts and the sale of vouchers.

Slide 18

Guide- Tour specialist. They conduct excursions to places of interest, exhibitions, expositions, museums, nature reserves, architectural structures or garden and park ensembles.

Guide- the one who accompanies tourists and shows them the sights of the country, city, etc .; tour guide, professional guide. The guide introduces tourists and sightseers to the sights of the area. He can work with visiting tourists or accompany a tourist group on trips to other cities and countries.

Slide 19

Tourism manager is a specialist in the tourism industry who organizes tourist trips for clients.

Slide 20

Travel Service Specialist– works in travel agencies, hotels, museums. Provides services in the field of tourism: planning tours, preparing documents, informing clients about tourist offers, travel support, excursions. Specialist in tourism services must be sociable, know a foreign language, be able to work with office equipment and have Internet skills.

slide 21

Practical work

1. Individual work and work in "small groups": the implementation of the cluster "Professiogram for a profession in the field of tourism."

cluster- this is the name of the graphic method of organizing information, which makes it possible to make visual thought processes. It serves as a visual aid for the student.

While the guys are doing practical work, you can watch the video “Park them. D.K. Motherland in the village Chobruchi.

slide 22

2. The story of the students about the practical work done and about their guidebooks "A correspondence trip to interesting places in their native land."

IV. The final stage

1. Monitoring the assimilation of a new topic and the consolidation of new knowledge.

1.1. Name the founder and date of birth of tourism.

1.2. What is travel tourism?

1.3. Name the species sports tourism.

1.4. Professions in the field of tourism?

2. Summing up the lesson.

2.1. Generalization of the material.

2.2. Answers on questions.

2.3. Grading.

3. Homework: Professions of the future in tourism (make a collage).

I would like to end our lesson with the words of Aurelius Augustine “The world is a book. And whoever did not travel through it read only one page in it.

I wish everyone a pleasant journey.

slide 23

Reflection

In conclusion, I would like to know your impression of today's lesson. To do this, we use the method of reflection "Islands".

Position your boat near the island that you think reflects your attitude to the lesson.

The lesson was:

• T - creative;
• U - amusing;
• R - developing;
• AND - interesting;
• Z - entertaining;
• M - methodical.

Thank you all, the lesson is over.

"Thesis on the topic: Tourist guide as the basis for the formation of tourist space on the example of thematic guides on Tula region specialty: 100103.65 Socio-cultural service and ... "

-- [ Page 1 ] --

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution

higher professional education

"RUSSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY

TOURISM AND SERVICE»

(FGBOU VPO "RGUTiS")

Institute of Tourism and Hospitality (Moscow) branch

Department of "Organizations and technologies in tourism and hotel activities"

GRADUATE WORK

specialty: 100103.65 Socio-cultural service and tourism Karimova Luiza Erkinovna Students Pereverzeva Elena Nikolaevna Candidate of Economics, Assoc. Valkova Head Tatyana Mikhailovna Moscow 2014

1.Theoretical partError! The bookmark is not defined.

1.1.Tourist guide: definition, history of creation, main functions, role and significanceError! The bookmark is not defined.

1.2. General characteristics of the concept of thematic tourismMistake! The bookmark is not defined.

1.3. Thematic guide: definition, main functions, role and significanceMistake! The bookmark is not defined.

1.4. Tourist space: definition, role and significanceMistake!

The bookmark is not defined.

2. Methodological part Error! The bookmark is not defined.

2.1. Methods of analysis of thematic tourism on the example of the estates of the Tula regionMistake! The bookmark is not defined.

2.2. Methods of analysis and scheme for the development of a thematic guide 3. Analytical partError! The bookmark is not defined.

3.1. Analysis of the state of the tourism industry in the Tula regionMistake!

The bookmark is not defined.

3.2. Analysis of the resources of thematic tourism in the Tula region 3.3. Conclusions on the analytical partError! The bookmark is not defined.

4. Practical partError! The bookmark is not defined.

4.3. Economic justification of the proposed measuresMistake!

The bookmark is not defined.

4.3.1. Calculation of the cost of developing a guide to the estates of the Tula region for schoolchildren 4.3.2. Calculation. Calculation of the cost of the product ConclusionError! The bookmark is not defined.

Bibliographic list Error! The bookmark is not defined.

Annex 1 Summary tables on the attendance of estates in the Tula region Error! The bookmark is not defined.

Annex 2 Layout of the developed guide Introduction Relevance of the topic. Since ancient times, there has been such a literary genre as a guide, which confirms the long-standing and urgent need of society for such works, which are an indispensable assistant to any traveler. On this moment, the formation of new tourist zones expands the possibilities of tourism activities, including through a deeper and fuller use of tourism potential Russian territories. And in this invaluable benefit is provided by guidebooks, which are a tool that allows you to travel individually, without depending on the services provided by travel companies.

The choice of the topic of the thesis "Tourist guide as the basis for the formation of tourist space (on the example of thematic guides in the Tula region)" is due to the need to intensify the development of domestic tourism not only in Russia as a whole, but also in its individual regions, for example, the Tula region. The recommendations given in the work will help increase the tourist flow to the region, namely:

1) Attracting new tourist segments.

2) Disclosure of the resources of the tourist space of the Tula region.

3) Development of the region's tourism space.

The purpose of this work is to develop a tourist thematic guide and identify its impact on the formation of the tourist space, using the example of the Tula region, to increase the tourist attractiveness of the region in the domestic and foreign tourism and travel markets.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

To study the very concept of "Tourist guide": to define it, to study the history of creation, to determine the main functions of the guide, its role and significance.

Give a general description of the concept of "thematic tourism".

Determine the differences between the "thematic guide": give its definition, determine the main functions, role and significance.

Define the concept of "Tourist space": what role does thematic tourism play in its formation.

Tasks for the methodological part.

Consider the methodology for analyzing the cultural and historical tourist resources of the Tula region on the example of estates.

To analyze the trends in the development of thematic tourism on the example of the Tula region.

To make an analysis of the thematic tourism resources of the Tula region on the example of estates.

Evaluation of the economic effect of the proposed recommendations.

The Tula region was chosen as the object of study, as the most promising in terms of the development of thematic tourism, due to the concentration of such historical sites as estates.

The subject of the study of this work is the totality of the formation of tourist space.

research (in the process of work), analyzed and used statistical and information data published in a wide range of relevant topics.

Coverage in the media and literature (list of references). When writing this work, educational and scientific works published in the form of separate books or in the media, such as periodicals and electronic resources on the Internet, were used.

Description of work. This thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. A list of references is attached to the diploma.

afterwards. It can be considered "Introductory". It consists of two sub-sections. The first of them examines the "Tourist Guide", reveals its definition, history of creation, main functions, role and significance. Accordingly, the first paragraph is devoted to the general definition of the "Guide" as a whole. It consists of four subparagraphs, which outline the main goals of the guide, its objectives, methods used and types of guides. The second paragraph is devoted to the general characteristics of the concept of statistics and the main types of thematic tourism are revealed.

The second chapter reveals the main methodological approaches of thematic tourism on the example of the estates of the Tula region. The main marketing methods for assessing the prospects for the development of tourism in the Tula region are determined.

The third chapter consists of several sub-items: "Analysis of trends in the development of thematic tourism" and "Analysis of thematic tourism resources of the Tula region". This chapter also reveals the problems and prospects for the development of tourism in the Tula region; existing projects and programs for the development of tourism.

In the fourth chapter, a thematic guide will be developed containing a route through the estate museums of the Tula region:

State Memorial and Natural Reserve “Museum-estate of L.N. Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana"

"Polenovo" State Memorial Historical, Artistic and Natural Museum-Reserve of V.D. Polenov.

The Bogoroditsky Palace-Museum and Park is a branch of the state institution of culture of the Tula region "Association" Historical Local Lore and Art Museum ".

Museum-estate of A. T. Bolotov "Dvoryaninovo".

In addition, it is planned to develop a tourist route.

1.1. Tourist guide: definition, history of creation, A guide is a guide that has a printed, electronic or audiovisual form, and contains information about any settlement or geographical direction (city, town, historical place, production, museum, specific tourist route) . Such a guide is successfully used by tourists for individual or group study of the tourist route they are interested in. The forerunners of guidebooks were descriptive sources that appeared in antiquity. And they were various descriptions that allowed those who had them to independently move along a certain route, receiving additional travel information.

Such sources include, for example, a book compiled according to the principle of a guide, written by the ancient Greek historian Pausanias Description of Hellas. Most likely, Pausanias was from the country of Lydia, in favor of this theory is the fact that in one of the places of the Description of Hellas, he refers to the fact that the heroes from the mythical cycle - Pelops and Tantalus, lived in his native country. And according to legend, their homeland is Lydia. Also, on the basis of the wars of Rome mentioned by Pausanias, which were waged by the emperor Mark Antony (whose years of reign: 238-244), it can be argued that he lived around the third century AD. This manuscript examined in detail the interesting sights of the cities and regions of Ancient Greece. "Description of Hellas" is the only work of Pausanias currently known to us. It is divided into 10 chapters named after the Greek regions: Attica, Corinth, Laconia, Messenia, Elis (1), Elis (2), Achaia, Arcadia, Boeotia and Phocis. The work is a guide to the most noteworthy monuments of Ancient Greece with their descriptions and accompanying legends, which contain valuable historical information, often replacing the lost primary sources. Pausanias does not invent anything, unlike many ancient authors, he simply describes what he saw with his own eyes and heard from local residents, and if he adds something from himself, he points to it. Pausanias treats mythological tales with simple-hearted confidence. The language of Pausanias is very far from the samples of classical prose:

sentences are fragmentary, not entirely clear in meaning, the same words and phrases are repeated. Regarding the topographic "Description of Hellas"

still serves as a guide. Schliemann, when opening the royal tombs at Mycenae, was guided by the instructions of Pausanias.

Probably Pausanias also visited Rome and most likely Palestine.

For the first time, his travel notes in ancient Greek were published in Venice in the city. In contrast to the book of Pausanias, the prototypes of guidebooks used by the inhabitants of Ancient Rome often contained brief, but sufficient information for orientation, collected on the principle of combining information about a specific direction or place, namely: names of roads, settlements, distances to geographical objects.

In the Middle Ages, from the period of the beginning of the Crusades, it becomes necessary to describe the path to the Holy Land and the difficulties encountered on the way of the pilgrim. And as a response to the need, works began to be created, both literary and musical, containing artistic descriptions of travel routes that could be used to overcome the path by anyone who wanted to go on a pilgrimage.

In this work, two genres were distinguished, united by a similar theme - describing in detail the path itself and containing recommendations on the route and practical information, which is actually closest to the modern concept of a guidebook, and "Ballads" is an artistic, often fictional, biography of a specific character making such a journey. and containing an account of the suffering experienced by him.

One of the similar medieval sources that have come down to us can be considered a text compiled by a resident of the city of Burdigala, who went on a journey, which corresponds to the modern French city of Bordeaux, at least that is where the story begins.

This text is traditionally called in Russian scientific literature as "Bordeaux Wayfarer" (the original name in Latin is "Itinerarium Burdigalense"). It tells a rather confusing story about how this pilgrim in 333 (although this date raises some doubts, it is precisely this date that is indicated in the latest reprint of The Bordeaux Traveler, in the second edition of the Orthodox Palestine collection, published in St. Petersburg in 1886, and where it was presented in translation and on the basis of which we consider this source) visited Constantinople and Jerusalem.

Conventionally, scientists who worked with The Bordeaux Traveler divide the story presented in it into two parts that are unequal in volume and significance. So, the first part of the narrative, which included a description of most of the path, is followed by a listing of the settlements he encountered on the way, among which large cities are mentioned: Bordeaux, Milan, Constantinople, Jerusalem. It is of interest that the description is provided with an indication approximate distance, which, according to the author, is shared by the cities mentioned above. The second part of the work contains various descriptions of objects holy to the pilgrim in Palestine, including several memorable places mentioned in the biblical story, indicating their location.

However, the descriptions of the route from Bordeaux through Milan and Constantinople to Kecapia of Palestine and back from Eraclea through Avlona and Rome to Milan, made by the author of The Bordeaux Traveler, are, as already mentioned, a dry list of travel guest stations and the distances between them, also as well as the fact that the narrative omitted that part of the description of the return journey, which referred to the movement from Kecapia through Constantinople to Eraclea and from Milan to Bordeaux, is probably deliberately allowed by the compiler himself, and can be explained by the fact that he was returning by the path he had already passed, and therefore did not consider it so necessary to repeat the description he had already made, only in reverse order.

It can be assumed that the original material for compiling and tracking the route, the traveler served as "itinerary"

("road workers") - official Roman travel maps containing an indication of the location of outposts, borders and hotels. And only with the entry into the Holy Land, which, apparently, was the purpose of his wandering, he deviates from the system adopted by him and, although briefly, but as an eyewitness, describes the places he visited. Subsequently, many of them will become the main centers of pilgrimage: Ptolemaida (Akko), Mount Carmel, Palestinian Caesarea, Scythopolis (Beth San), Naples, Shechem (modern Nablus), Mount Gerizim, Jerusalem, Bethany, Jericho, Dead Sea, Jordan (the place of the Baptism of the Lord), Bethlehem, the Oak of Mamre near Hebron, Jerusalem, Nikopol (Amuas), Lydda, Antipatris. In addition, the descriptions of the holy places indicated in the "Bordeaux Traveler" contain a number of unique information not found in other sources. Perhaps, in this document, more ancient non-traditional stories were reflected, and the Transfiguration of the Lord takes place on Olivet, and not at all on Mount Tabor.

In addition, the author describes four buildings of Emperor Constantine the Great existing at that time: the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem (completed, but not yet consecrated), the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem, at the site of the appearance of the Holy Trinity to Abraham near Hebron and on Mount Olives. Thus, as can be seen from the above, the source called the Bordos Traveler, in addition to private significance - as the first, recognized by the time of its compilation, guide to the Holy Land, is a message created probably in one of the last years of the Roman Empire.

Ancient Rus' also was not bypassed by such creativity.

dating from the beginning of the 12th century, “The life and journey of Abbot Daniel to Jerusalem of the mentioned text was taken as the basis for the quotes used here, Daniel took monastic tonsure in the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, later, when he became abbot in one of the monasteries of the Chernihiv land, he headed a group of Russian pilgrims who made their “journey” to the Holy Land. The researchers date the time of the journey to the beginning of the 12th century, from about 1104 to 1107. The very path to the Holy Land and how the pilgrims returned from it back to Rus', in the description of the Journey

missing: the entire volume of the text is occupied by descriptions of Jerusalem and important, from the point of view of Abbot Daniel, holy places or phenomena that have a religious basis. thematic groups. At the same time, the story is replete with detailed descriptions, albeit with the use of turns of that time, for example:

“About the Church of the Holy of Holies. From the Church of the Resurrection to the Holy of Holies, there will be a little more than two arrow flights. The church is wonderfully and cunningly created from itself, a mosaic inside, and its beauty is not said. The church itself is round, inside it is painted cunningly and indescribably, its walls are lined with slabs of various marbles, the floor is lined with red marble. There are twelve round pillars under the top, standing in a circle, and eight coal pillars;

there are only four doors, forged with copper and gilded. The top inside is covered with bright mosaics cunningly and inexpressibly, and outside the top is upholstered with gilded copper.

Or “On the way to the Jordan. The path from Jerusalem to the Jordan through the Mount of Olives, to the east. The path is very difficult, terrible and waterless: high rocky mountains, there is a lot of robbery on the roads, they break in the mountains and terrible wilds. From Jerusalem to the Jordan, twenty versts, fifteen to Kuziva (El-Kelt), where Joachim fasted because of his barrenness. This place is near a deep descent, from the road to the left.

Such a description really resembles a guidebook, mind you:

there is also an exact indication of the direction of movement, and the location is underlined - "near a deep descent, from the road to the left." Of course, many indications, although they have apparent accuracy, are nevertheless specific due to the use of distance measures traditional for that period, for example:

In Trude “On Mount Hermon. Mount Hermon near the monastery of John the Baptist, twenty fathoms to the left of the road. There is a small sandy hill. Hermon is remote from the ancient monastery of the Forerunner at a distance of two arrows. Here was a large church, created in the name of John the Baptist ... "

Although outdated concepts are used: “twenty fathoms”, “the distance of the flight of two arrows”, but they also make it possible to approximately represent the indicated distance. Interesting facts are also recorded, which are purely informational in nature, not having a practical travel purpose, but useful to a person who is not informed in this area:

"About incense. Incense is born here and incense is made, it is taken from the trees. There are many low trees along the mountains, not taller than grass, good incense falls from them, which is collected in July and August, while in other months it does not subside, but only in these two months is born.

Hegumen Daniel writes interestingly about the reason that prompted him to compile this guidebook: love for the holy places, I wrote about everything I saw with my own eyes, so as not to forget what the unworthy me had to see "and further" Many good people are at home and with their thoughts, alms and good deeds reach the places of the saints and receive a great reward from God, they seem to have visited these holy places... Many who have visited the holy city of Jerusalem will go again, although they have not seen much good because of the speed of the inspection. And you can’t make a quick trip and see all the holy sights both in the city itself and beyond.”

The abbot himself does not hide the fact that he used the services of a local guide in order to receive the maximum amount of information and see more places of interest: “It was impossible without a good guide and translator to know and see all the holy places. Although I was limited in funds, I generously endowed the guides so that they would conscientiously show the holy places both in the city itself and outside the city, and the guides showed me everything in this way. And I had to find in the monastery a saintly husband, old in years and very bookish, educated. This sight of Jerusalem, took me all over the earth, to Lake Tiberias, Tabor, Nazir, El-Khalil, Jordan, and lovingly worked with me on compiling this description.

Thus, given that "The Life and Journey of Abbot Daniel to Jerusalem and the Holy Land" was compiled on the basis of a large number of accurate facts and includes historical references, and it was also written for further practical use by other people, in a repetition of the traveled journey - this manuscript can deservedly be considered the first Russian thematic guide.

However, the most widely known, perhaps the most detailed travel description remains - "Journey Beyond Three Seas" by the Tver merchant Afanasy Nikitin, compiled on the basis of his journey to the Indian state of Bakhmani in the second half of the fifteenth century.

Nikitin's work was the first Russian work to accurately describe a trading and non-religious journey (which is actually the main difference between "The Journey Beyond the Three Seas" and the previously mentioned "Bordeaux Traveler" or "The Life and Journey of Abbot Daniel to Jerusalem and the Holy Land"). The author visited Persia, Ethiopia and the Crimea, which was then called Kafa. However, most of the notes were devoted to India, and in particular to the Indian state of Bahmani: political structure, trade, both in the state itself and with visiting merchants from other countries, features of agriculture, prevailing rules, customs and traditions.

The peculiarity of the name is due to the fact that on the way Afanasy Nikitin had a chance to cross three seas, indicating the names of the seas, he uses two variants of the names - Russian and eastern, with the noun "Daria", which in Persian means "sea". First: the Derbent Sea (otherwise DariaGundustanskaya. Third - the Black Sea - DariaIstanbulskaya.

This is also due to the fact that the trade routes of that time were built on water transport. Pilgrims, not burdened with goods, could move along a path that allowed them to carry significant loads on their journey.

Initially, the merchant Afanasy Nikitin set off from Tver land to Shirvan, which was located on the territory of modern Azerbaijan. The ships of Russian merchants move along the Volga, pass the Klyazma Monastery, Uglich, Kostroma (where the Moscow princes ruled at that time), Uslan, Saray, Berenzan. During his adventures, Afanasy Nikitin visited Baku, Shamakhi, Chapakur, Kashan, Hormuz and Amal. And each of these places was described by him, in accordance with the events that happened to him there. The completeness and amazing accuracy of the factual material in his notes were for their time an invaluable source of information about such distant countries as India and Persia.

Thanks to the author's powers of observation and literary talent, this work, of course, goes beyond the scope of an ordinary guidebook, since it contains such an amount of artistically presented information that it is recognized as a significant monument of ancient Russian literature and translated into many languages ​​of the world.

Obvious from the start practical use This genre, of course, remains relevant to this day. Traditionally, whether a literary work belongs to a genre similar to a guidebook is determined precisely by the style of presentation by the author, suggesting a “path” and explaining exactly how one can get to a particular place, and describing objects encountered along the way and informing about useful or cognitive information.

At the end of the XVIII century. in Russia, a class of printed literature is beginning to form, the most suitable for the concept of a full-fledged guide.

This class includes a number of guidebooks compiled specifically to help the reader find what he is interested in, guided by a description or demonstrative material. As before, this was often done in a beautiful literary and artistic manner. Such works include, created by the "Insurance Pocket Book" about Moscow.

However, there is also a variant of text guides, in which facts are presented not in accordance with their historical or artistic value, but depending on the role they played in the fate of the author. This type of work can rather be attributed to biographies or memoirs. Such sources are of interest, precisely as thematic guides, because they are built on interest and perception from one specific point of view. And although such a text is replete with the author's subjective assessments, nevertheless, there are many trifles and interesting facts in it that could not be covered in the official guidebook, since the emphasis of the narrative is on descriptions of events not in relation to the importance of the information presented. However, the literary plot of such a work may be vague and incomprehensible to a wide range of readers, as well as limited geographically or in time. The beginning of the modern stage in the history of the development of the guide, as a set of formal and meaningful features of a work of geographical literature and as a special type of book publication, should be considered the moment when, in 1827, in the German city of Koblenz, Karl Baedeker (years of life: 1801-1859), founded a publishing house engaged in the creation and printing of guides to different countries, their capitals and individual cities. Guidebooks published by the publishing house of Karl Baedeker were very popular in Europe. Soon they began to be translated into many languages, including Russian.

Summarizing all these publications, bearing the name "Baedeker", the name of their creator became a household name and was used to refer to all guidebooks of this kind. It was the "Baedekers" with their extremely accurate to the smallest detail approach to the selection and transformation of information that served as an example for the best Russian guidebooks of the mid-19th - early 20th centuries.

Along with translated literature from the "Baedekers" and other similar publications, Russia also had its own excellently published guides to foreign countries, which called themselves "Russian Bedeker". This guide was excellent, satisfying the requirements of consumers. It contained: detailed descriptions of the country with the application of many plans and quite colorful maps, including a large geographical map of universal purpose, on which the area was depicted in detail. A distinctive feature of the appearance of these guidebooks was a bright red binding. Further formation in the process of development of the type of guide was closely connected with the emergence and development of transport infrastructure (primarily railways and steamships). Over time and as a result of a change in the political system of the country, travel for entertainment (that is, actually excursion tourism) became available not only to the upper caste of society, but also to its middle and even low-income part. There were also guidebooks that met the needs of new travelers. They did not differ in completeness of information, a large number of attached maps and diagrams, and high quality printing. But in them affordable price it was possible to find almost the entire set of geographical, historical and other useful elements necessary for the traveler.

All the above examples prove not only the ancient history of the existence of such a literary genre as a guide, but also confirm the long-standing, urgent need of society for such works.

The main goals and objectives of the guide.

The purpose of the guide is to popularize and promote tourism as a form of active recreation.

The tasks of the guide are to describe a possible route of the excursion, to acquaint with the history of the emergence and origin of the names of individual geographical or historical objects, to form a respect for nature through informing about the basics of eco-tourism, creating conditions for fostering love for the Motherland.

The methods used are cartographic, descriptive, interview, photographic, literary. Depending on the type of guidebook, its use may be limited by territorial boundaries. The composition of the guidebook is built depending on the order in which objects or places are shown, dictated by the subject of the route, and is often subordinated to the recommended route for sightseeing in the described area. The structure of most existing guidebooks can be divided into 3 parts:

1. "Express guide", which means a brief, concise information, built on the indication of the key points of the subsequent tourist route. Include indications of transport or trading places that may be of indirect interest or urgent need for the user of the guide. Including about the country as a whole or a particular city. Advice is given on the topic "How best to spend the first and second day in the city" and a certain recommended order of visits to the most interesting objects and places.

In the guide, a map of the area can also be added, on which key points of the route are indicated. Possible: transport stops, shops, entertainment venues and restaurants.

2. Main part: the tour itself or detailed description objects or areas where the tourist route passes.

The narrative is divided into several parts, each of which recommends a certain order of visiting and seeing specific sights. For each part, it is proposed: convenient ways of moving along the route, a detailed description, accompanied by historical references and, possibly, interesting facts about each individual object encountered on the route of the guide user. It is this part of the guide that allows the tourist to independently receive information, which would otherwise be available only with a professional guide. How detailed the route description will be depends on whether a full-fledged self-guided tour will take place or whether it will be simple walking tour with map and hints.

3. Useful information. Here is collected information that a tourist needs to know in the process of using the guidebook: various life situations that may arise while traveling along the proposed route. Including various accommodation options for living, with a multi-day visit to a particular locality, for a different level of budget and preferences of travelers. For added convenience and as needed, the travel guide provides approximate weather information, emergency telephone numbers and useful websites.

Types of guides. Guides can be conditionally divided into several types:

1. The printed guide is the oldest type of guide. And it is still common. Available in a variety of shapes and sizes, from booklet-shaped brochures to thick hardcover books. Such guides can be purchased at specialized stores or museums, exhibitions (if they are a guide to a given museum, exhibition or cover a separate exposition).

The most accessible of this type of guides are non-specialized sources, broad topics, which can be safely recommended not only to tourists, but also to just curious people. This category includes illustrated magazines and reference books published as periodicals, often combined into a single series. For example, such publications as "GEO", "Around the World" (published since 1861), "National Geographic" and others like them. These magazines - guides can also be both general information and dedicated to a particular historical event or element of culture. They may contain a large amount of ethnographic, geographical, historical, cultural and archaeological information, while often excluding practical advice. And in the light of this fact, such magazines are more reference books than guides. Although, they can undoubtedly be used to independently draw up a route on the topic of interest.

2. Audio-guide or sound guides - usually used as an accompaniment for self-acquaintance with museum expositions or when visiting production facilities (for example, the Armory Chamber of the Kremlin in Moscow).

3. Electronic guide - is a combination of systematized information about the tourist area, aimed at studying the tourist resources of the regions of the Russian Federation. Such a resource looks like a public database, open to free access to Internet users, and often with the ability to leave comments for other visitors in order to evaluate or recommend any material based on own experience. What makes such a resource truly popular and makes it possible to avoid the beaten paths, creating your own, individual routes, developing a topic of interest. domestic and outbound tourism 1.2. General characteristics of the concept of thematic tourism Thematic tourism is one of the types of tourism that combines both recreation and travel on a topic of interest to the consumer, in any particular direction - it can be literature, history, archeology, cinema, sports, technology, etc. etc. attractions.

Due to its diversity this species tourism is open and accessible to any category of the population. Since the focus of a thematic trip is most often rather narrow, the participants are united by a single ultimate goal, which facilitates mutual understanding and evokes a feeling of a thematic route can be different: with the help of a travel agency that organizes a trip from start to finish, or independently planning a trip based on their own information or guide. For thematic programs organized by agencies providing travel services, a detailed study of the entire route is typical, including increased requirements for accommodation facilities for tourists in hotels, holiday homes, country camps. Also, travel agencies solve the problem of moving tourists with the help of transport as much as possible, with the aim of Travelers being in a state of constant guardianship, and their life in the process of traveling is subject to a certain regime. Tourist escorted group, at specially selected catering points. If necessary, for example, when a group of foreign guests moves along a thematic route, such a group is accompanied in addition to the services of guides, as well as the services of a guide-interpreter. However, such groups are usually numerous, which is associated with the economic costs incurred by the travel company in organizing such a trip.

In the event that the trip is organized independently, the tourist is more free to choose the method and route of travel to the place accompanying the trip. household services such as providing a place to stay, finding stopping points along the route and providing meals, also becomes the concern of the tourist himself, and can cause certain difficulties. That is why the use of a guidebook, which details the recommended services provided by various organizations along the way, is the most preferable option when traveling on your own.

As practice shows, tourists are most often provided with comfortable conditions during the journey of the end point of the event. Travelers on their own, at their core, are people who lead a more mobile lifestyle, prone to adventures and independent knowledge of the world. Using a guidebook allows the independent traveler to allocate their time based on their own desires and preferences. The purpose of thematic tourism is to obtain detailed information by visiting certain attractions. The main purpose of thematic tourism can be considered that due to the fact that some one-time (random) events become regular, annual, this type of tourism is constantly replenished with new thematic tours.

The Olympics can be attributed to the category of one of the most ancient themed tours; This event occupies a strong place in thematic tourism and is divided into "summer" and "winter" Olympic and Paralympic Games. Such events are connected not only with sports and recreation topics, but also contribute to the development of charity and interest in sports among young people and in society as a whole. The spirit of patriotism and a sense of pride in one's country is also strengthened.

Another type, currently gaining more and more popularity, is costumed balls and festivals organized as part of event tourism trips, as well as “carnival” tours, which take place not only abroad, but also in our country.

The cultural potential of the region where the tour is organized largely depends on its historical heritage, which today is becoming an important factor in increasing the tourist flow, and the presence of unique historical, cultural or natural sites allows us to count on attracting a wider range of categories of tourists and the successful development of thematic tourism in the region. The best option with the greatest potential due to the concentration of a whole range of possible goals of thematic tourism are such historical objects like preserved estates. The main thematic types of tourism:

Most often, thematic programs combine traditional recreation, as well as participation in any events or holidays, which is often the main purpose of the trip. At the moment, in our country, trips to such event tourism events as: sports competitions, business tours, art song festivals and national holidays are becoming increasingly popular.

The most famous events of event tourism in Russia:

1.National Holidays and Festivals:

- Summer festival "Ysykhak" (Yakutia).

-International festival "Fashion and style in photography" (Moscow).

-All-Russian Military Historical Festival "Borodin's Day"

(Borodino, Moscow region).

-Military-historical festival "Field of Kulikovo" (Tula region) 2.Theatrical shows:

-International Folklore Festival "World Village"

(village of Roschino, Leningrad region) - Festival of historical reconstructions (Ekaterinburg, St. Petersburg, Vyborg, etc.) - Horse-theatrical show "Knight's Tournament" in the castle "Lion's Head" (village of Sukko, Anapa, Krasnodar Territory ).

3. Film and theater festival:

- Film Festival "Kinotavr" (Sochi, Krasnodar Territory).

-Theatrical festival "Golden Mask" (Moscow).

adventure films (Moscow).

-Festival of children's films "Fairy Tale" (Moscow).

4.Gastronomic festival:

-Great International Beer Festival (Moscow).

- Festival "Sea of ​​beer in Sochi" (Krasnodar Territory).

-International Gastronomic Festival "Food Show" (Moscow).

Cucumber holiday (Suzdal, Vladimir region) - Holiday festival dedicated to the tomato (Syzran, Samara region) 5. Festivals and flower shows:

-International Flower Festival (St. Petersburg).

International Festival "Flowers of Sakhalin" (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin region) - All-Russian festival of flowers in Anapa (Krasnodar Territory).

6.Fashion festivals:

Krasnodar region).

-Festival of fashion and theatrical costume "Volga seasons of Alexander Vasiliev" (Samara).

-International festival "Fashion. Russia. Style” (St. Petersburg).

-Festival of fashion "Plyos on the Volga. Linen palette "(Plyos, Ivanovo region) - Real estate auctions (Moscow).

-Antique auction (Moscow).

- Numismatic auction (St. Petersburg).

8. Music festivals and music competitions:

-Music competition. Tchaikovsky (Moscow).

-International Festival of Russian Classical Music.

S.V. Rakhmaninov (Veliky Novgorod).

-International Arts Festival "Russian Music in the Baltic"

(Kaliningrad).

-UEFA Champions League (Moscow).

-International tennis tournament "Kremlin Cup" (Moscow).

- Winter Olympics 2014 (Sochi).

10.International technical salons:

-Aviation and space salon "Max" (Zhukovsky, Moscow region) -Auto show in Moscow.

"INTERPOLITEX" (Moscow).

-Naval Salon (St. Petersburg).

Thus, "Thematic tourism" can be safely considered one of the relevant types of tourism, since its main feature is the focus of the tourist's perception on the distinctive characteristics of the destination (a geographical area with certain boundaries that can attract and satisfy the needs of a wide group of tourists) within the framework of acquaintance with one of aspects of its history and culture.

Thematic tourism finds expression in the development of cultural routes. The cultural route is a combination of material and non-material elements of historical and cultural resources, connected with each other by the theme and the concept of its disclosure during a special route of movement. This form of tourism creates the following conditions for its development:

The growth of the possibility of interpreting the sights in accordance with the interests of visitors, their cultural baggage. Thus, for specialized cultural tourists, the thematic arrangement and interpretation of sights makes it possible to more concentratedly fall into the special interests of this group of tourists (for example, "Palaces and parks of St. Petersburg"). At the same time, for tourists with common cultural interests, making, in particular, sightseeing trips, the thematic presentation of cultural specificity can become a cultural link between the culture of the tourist and the unfamiliar culture of the destination, making it easier for him to interpret the cultural features of the places he visits. For example, the thematic route in Greece "The Labors of Hercules" uses a theme that is familiar to most tourists, and this creates a meaningful connection for the latter with places visited that would otherwise leave them indifferent.

Expanding the offer of products for cultural tourism beyond the traditional "museum-cathedral" formula, by making other types of heritage attractive, such as industrial, literary, landscape gardening heritage, gastronomic traditions, mythology and mysticism of places, etc., as well as by combining diverse cultural resources (heritage and contemporary culture, museums and events, etc.) under the umbrella of one theme. Due to the variety of tourist products, you can stimulate repeat trips.

Expansion of the area of ​​tourist visits by combining into a thematic cultural route attractions that in themselves do not create sufficient attractiveness for tourists, cultural attractions of the "second" and "third" plan.

Cultural routes as thematic tourism products can have a different scale: from local to international (for example, the cultural route "Romanesque art in Europe"). Note that thematic tourism can be based not only on cultural and historical material. Moreover, many thematic tourism destinations that are popular today, such as industrial and gastronomic tourism, organically mix heritage and modernity, demonstrating a living continuation of traditions.

1.3. Thematic guide: definition, main functions specific event. Depending on the properties of the event in question, the route and the amount of effort and money that must be applied by the tourist to pass the route he has chosen may change.

information on a particular topic. General information, historical references, geographical maps, explanatory diagrams, photographs illustrating the material presented.

collected in the guide, allows the user to get an idea of ​​those sights or other objects that will be on his way in the planned trip.

Most often, a thematic guide is associated with cultural or historical events. For example: a guide to the Borodino Field Museum-Reserve containing indications of the exact locations of monuments directly related to military events Patriotic War 1812 and the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. This guide provides an opportunity for self-study of all the objects located on the field itself and beyond, and also abounds in the guide, equipped with maps, diagrams and illustrative material. At the same time, this guide completely ignores the present.

store or museum shop. Let's take a closer look at what are the main types of thematic guides available to tourists at the moment. Let's start with the most convenient, but least common, in the light of some reasons, the Audioguide (Table 1.1.).

Opportunity to receive information -Requires specialized directly through the auditory channel, leaving the equipment (outstanding for everyone free hands and the possibility of a visual tourist).

perception of sights about -Territorial limitations of which information is received. related to audio range + Ability to select an available device.

information in various languages ​​-Usually associated with a museum or +Mobility and compactness of the device, a historical complex and contains a belt (neck). only limited information on this An example of the use of the Audio Guide is the technique of conducting excursions in the State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve "Moscow Kremlin", the State Armory.

The most modern and now gaining popularity among young people is the option of an electronic guide - a thematic site or an application for electronic media (phone, tablet, laptop, laptop, etc.), access to which is carried out by additional installation of the program through a single Internet network (table 1.2.).

Relevance and timely updating - Dependence of the electronic carrier, information published by those who have communication with the satellite.

I directly visited the described -Need to carry out charging + There is an accompaniment of photo and video reviews. -Restriction of the installation of the Application + The ability to leave comments, express your opinion about a particular tourist site, place: subjective assessments of the surrounding tourist space, public areas, transport.

Availability interactive map(for example, as on the Internet portal "Living Map of Russia").

An example of the use of the E-Guide is the Gulliway website.

This is a portal offering various travel routes across Russia. However, the materials of the portal, for example, for the Tula region, are not original, because most direct links lead to the pages of the free encyclopedia "Wikipedia" and contain general information geographical nature. And a completely different impression is created from visiting the Living Map of Russia portal, where all incoming information from registered users undergoes additional verification for reliability. After the portal administrators approve the placement of information about a particular tourist site, resource, the material is evaluated by other users of this portal. However, due to the increased resource intensity of this electronic guide, access to it can be difficult (especially in an area where there is limited access to the Internet connection).

And yet, still the most democratic and widely used version of guidebooks are printed guidebooks.

Based on the conducted research and monitoring of points of sale of thematic literature, it can be concluded that printed editions suitable for their functions under the requirements of this work can be divided into the following categories, shown in Figure 1.1.

Type 1. Cognitive guides Visual guides.

Information guides Type 2. Tourist guides Leisure guides Travel guides thematic tourism Type 3. Guides for experienced travelers As can be seen from figure 1.1. There are three main types of guides. Let's consider them in more detail.

Type One. Guides "Informative". Guides of this type can be considered as quite serious scientific research, and even used as a visual material for schoolchildren and university students in the study of such subjects as geography and art history.

Such guides, first of all, have a large amount of illustrative material (photographs, explanatory illustrations, reproductions of paintings, maps), Special attention is given to the depth of text elaboration and visual presentation of the material. Most often, they do not contain household accompanying information, such as a list of hotels or bus schedules. If this information is present, then it is collected at the end of the guide in the form of an appendix. These guides are not so much for travelers and tourists, but rather introductory, preliminary and additional travel literature.

In turn, "cognitive" guides can be divided into two categories:

Guides are visual.

The most prominent representative of the subtype is a series of the publishing house DorlingKindersley - a giant British company specializing in the production of illustrative and educational books.

The distinctive features of its products are numerous bright illustrations made on the highest quality glossy paper, photographs and 3-D maps. These guides are a work of art even in appearance. It is quite possible to put them on a shelf next to albums on painting and architecture. It is worth saying that mini-guides are also issued for travelers (as a rule, for individual cities). It is noteworthy that it is this manufacturer of guidebooks that is recommended by the staff of the lecture hall of the Museum. Pushkin.

However, a noticeable drawback of this guide is their high price compared to similar options.

DorlingKindersley competes on the Russian market with a guidebook from the world-famous National Geographic magazine.

The advantages of the guide are huge. First, a lot of photos taken by professional photographers. Secondly, it is a popular science style of presenting the material. Thirdly, color detailed maps.

In addition, it is a convenient, "pocket" format and an acceptable price for a color guide of this size. Here, too, technical information is placed at the end of the book. The main focus is on thematic information. Moreover, descriptions of sights and monuments are usually accompanied by short essays about the history, culture and customs of these places.

The largest amount of photographic material is contained in the guidebooks of the Window on the World series. This is the Russian version of the InsightGuides guide, which has recently also been released under the Discovery brand, thanks to cooperation with the channel of the same name.

A distinctive feature of the series is a rather brief, if not superficial description of the sights themselves. And at the same time, the traditional way of the country or its modern life. The guides in this series are designed in such a way as to help you "understand" the object of description, see it "from the inside", and not be limited to a superficial review like another tourist. Perhaps that is why so few guide maps are provided here.

Information guides:

A series of guidebooks under the Odyssey brand - most of all resemble individual popular science thematic works.

Guidebooks published include books about the Silk Road, the American Civil War, and even a book called The Women of the Tang Dynasty. These books are written by professional historians and archaeologists. For example, a 300-page book about the temples of Angkor half consists of texts on the history, religion and architecture of the Khmer civilization of the Angora period, and the second contains a detailed description of the temples. Many books from the series are devoted to Asian countries, but there are also about the cities of Russia.

Guide". The series gives, first of all, historical and cultural information. This edition is very simple in design, which favorably affects its price.

Type Two. Guides for tourists.

This is the most common type of guide. Their distinguishing features can be considered:

- Targeting the spending of the middle class tourist, and they have a list of hotels and restaurants.

General description of the territory. Attention is paid to tourist sites and main attractions, while secondary destinations and routes along "tourist untrodden paths" are often not considered.

Insufficient attention is also paid to practical information on transport (especially outside major cities). It is assumed that the user will book an excursion to a remote monument of antiquity or a reserve, and will not independently get there using public transport.

This type of guide can be divided into two main types.

These are guides for recreation - focused on the organization of tourist recreation, or on recreation and entertainment without a serious excursion load; and guidebooks for thematic tourism focused on the costs and concerns of middle-class and wealthy self-travelers.

Guidebooks for recreation The most common in Russia guidebooks of this series from the publishing house "Polyglot". The information in the guide is presented concisely and to the point, it contains a sufficient number of photographs, an attractive design. The “interesting rating” of the described places can be considered a good find, which allows you to better make a route based on the recommendations of the guide.

Also, the publication is accompanied by color maps, options for ready-made tourist routes. A positive feature is also a small weight, a pocket format, and, most importantly, an affordable price.

Similar in format and content to the Polyglot series is the MarcoPolo series. However, it is present on the shelves of Moscow bookstores, more often in foreign languages ​​(English, German), and the prevalence of this guide abroad, it can be considered a good help in the development of external tourism in Russia.

Thematic guides A pocket guide - WorldTour series - also available in bookstores in Moscow. A special plus of this series are thematic guides focused on short-term tourism.

For example, “Weekend in the Moscow Region”, routes for nightlife lovers - the series “From Dawn to Dawn”. Specialized guides for mountain skiers, which describe in detail the routes and practical information for skiers in various regions of Russia.

In light of the victories at the last Olympic Games and the growing popularity of alpine skiing among Russians, such guides are a very popular topic.

Type Three. Travel guides for experienced travelers.

The features of these guides are as follows:

Provides as much information as possible for as much information as possible. deep dive in the subject - up to that information only indirectly related to the topic, but able to interest the tourist: from the results of the last parliamentary elections and adopted laws, to the list of the most popular musical performers.

- Technical information includes a wide range of possibilities for self-organization travel, allowing you to create a thematic route based on the financial capabilities of the tourist. Economy class hotels, roadside cafes and stops are mentioned public transport with attached itinerary and schedule.

Tips on etiquette and style of behavior that are recommended to be observed during the journey along the described route.

Such guides are standard: a thick book with medium-sized print, completely black and white, excluding a color map at the beginning and several color insert pages with photographs along the book.

Usually, at the beginning there is general information about the future route through the region (history, geography, economics), followed by practical information necessary for the tourist - a general section on transport and, finally, sections describing settlements, museums, nature reserves, parks, estates and other interesting places.

The section about each city (village, reserve) includes general information, the history of the place and such sections as: “what to see and what to do”, “where to live”, “what to eat” and “how to have fun”.

The attached map contains marks, designations of places of interest to the tourist, such as: religious sites, including those included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, historical sites, estates, museums, collected according to the subject of the guide.

Despite the differences in the types of thematic guides, they are all built according to a single scheme:

This structure has been formed over time and is dictated by the need to facilitate the tourist in overcoming certain difficulties encountered on the route of the consumer of the information product, which is this guide.

That is why any guidebook includes:

- detailed description of the route;

- textual and illustrative material;

And it has an appearance that allows you to use this source of information while directly in the process of traveling.

Therefore, traveling with a guidebook is preferable to traveling independently: since the information support provided by this type of printed matter provides tourists with the necessary amount of travel and useful knowledge.

At the moment, the main target audience of thematic guides is undoubtedly young people, namely the so-called "Apple Generation".

The trends taking place in our country have created a favorable atmosphere for encouraging the interest of young people in studying the historical heritage of Russia through the development and use of the tourist resource of the regions. Volunteer movements, voluntary archaeological expeditions, self-acquaintance with the life of other peoples inhabiting our multinational Motherland. Folklore events, literary festivals, craft fairs, and themed holidays held in different regions are of increasing interest. The active participation and growing demand for guidebooks is the best evidence in this matter.

It is worth noting that often, it is young travelers who are the compilers of guidebooks, the most accessible for the perception of the same as they are - students of the same age, enthusiasts in studying the cultural heritage of our country.

Importance of a thematic guide - such a guide promotes the development of the tourism space, regardless of any specialized organizations, such as: travel agency, agency, company, etc., and encourages independent study of the tourist resource, an overview of which is given in the guide.

1.4. Tourist space: definition, role and significance Tourist space (tourismspace). Tourist space is a special type of space that exists as a logical structure (form) consisting of elements or structures of various nature, united by a single common goal - to satisfy people's need for leisure, recreation, and recreation. The concept of "tourist space" includes a variety of elements:

various attractions, tourist infrastructure, tourist routes, popular products and services, and much more. All these elements have a different nature, functional and other features, but together they form the tourist space of each individual territory (continent, country, region, city, etc.). At the moment, there is a need to develop special didactic approaches to identify the main types of existing tourist space, within which it will be possible to systematize the available information about various tourist sites in the study area, taking into account their common nature, their functions and other abilities. A clear division into separate types of tourist space will allow you to look at the area of ​​specialization under study. In this regard, it is proposed to form a special methodology for studying the "tourist space", which, in the process of work, can be considered from different points of view.

There are the following types of tourist space (Fig. 1.2.):

Natural (natural) tourist space Cultural-historical tourist space Recreational tourist space Service tourist space Anthropological tourist space Mythological tourist space Scientific tourist space giving the opportunity to practice active species tourism, contact with untouched nature and little-modified natural landscapes.

For example, this type of space is natural monuments, including those included in - Specially Protected Natural Territories (PAs).

Natural monuments are one of the forms of specially protected natural areas. The term "natural monument" about 200 years ago was introduced into science by the outstanding German naturalist and traveler Alexander von Humboldt, who used the word "Naturdenkmaler" to refer to pieces of primitive nature.

Over time, this expression gained great popularity and was widely introduced into practice. There are various forms of specially protected areas: nature reserves, national and natural parks, wildlife sanctuaries, dendrological and botanical gardens... There are also specially protected areas in resort areas, there are natural monuments, but there they differ, as a rule, in small sizes (up to several hectares ), and perform the function of a kind of "exhibition halls". Their main task is to preserve natural complexes and objects in their natural state.

Natural monuments, one might say, are unique, irreplaceable, valuable in ecological, scientific, cultural and aesthetic terms, natural complexes, as well as objects of natural and artificial origin, for which a special protection regime has been established. For a deeper study of such a composite complex object as natural monuments, it is necessary to separately consider protected areas as especially complex and large-scale objects and natural monuments, which, most often, have a clearly defined localization.

Specially Protected Natural Territories (PAs):

natural reserves, including biospheric ones;

National parks;

natural parks;

nature reserves;

dendrological parks;

botanical gardens.

Monuments of nature:

paleontological, mineralogical and petrographic, volcanic, hydrogeological, complex);

hydrological (water);

botanical;

zoological;

complex (landscape).

The most important component of our natural heritage is geological monuments of nature. First of all, such monuments are valuable because they contain information that allows us to decipher the structure of the subsoil, the history of the geological development of the region. Here is the definition given by A.A. Chibilev in his book "Geological natural monuments of the Orenburg region":

(a complex of interconnected objects) of natural origin or areas that most fully and clearly for a given area characterize the course of geological processes and their results, which are of scientific value, available for direct observation and study.

Main types:

Geomorphological objects are forms of the earth's surface formed under the influence of certain geological processes:

rock formations, boulders of bizarre shapes, cliffs, outcrops of rare rocks and minerals, canyons, sandbars, caves, grottoes, rocks of a bizarre shape (the so-called: "pillars" and "stones").

Geodynamic - these are natural objects that clearly demonstrate the results of the activity of geological processes (for example, unique large faults, folds).

Paleontological - this concept includes both paleontological reserves and individual paleontological objects (remains of animals and plant organisms or their parts preserved in a petrified state, as well as their imprints in geological samples).

Mineralogical and petrographic objects - this type includes locations of rare types of minerals and rocks, as well as discovered meteorites.

Volcanic objects are cones of active and extinct volcanoes.

Hydrogeological objects are karst, some mineral springs.

Complex objects are geological monuments that have to a large extent the features of several of the above types.

Hydrological (water) monuments of nature are sections of rivers, lakes, wetlands, reservoirs, marine areas, small rivers with floodplains, lakes, reservoirs and ponds; natural hydro-mineral complexes; waterfalls, thermal springs, deposits of therapeutic mud.

Botanical monuments of nature are places of growth of valuable, relic, small, rare and endangered plant species, especially valuable forests and forest areas, small dendrological parks, relict areas of mountain forests, scattered arrays of unique groves, group, single and centuries-old trees, long-lived trees , having historical and memorial significance, plants of bizarre forms, single specimens of relics and exotics.

Zoological monuments of nature are habitats of valuable, small, rare, endangered or typical only for a given area, animals and birds (bird nesting places, fish spawning grounds, etc.).

Complex natural monuments are natural monuments where several components of nature deserve protection. They may be:

lakes with rare species of plants and animals, caves with unique cave fauna, etc. Complex natural monuments also include entire protected tracts - areas with untouched and especially picturesque nature, scientifically valuable or unique mountain ranges, sections of valleys, coasts, forests of special scientific or historical significance, dendrological and other parks, habitats or habitats of valuable endemic, rare or endangered organisms.

Landscape natural monuments are the highest form of complex natural monuments, when all components of nature, the entire natural complex (landscape) are subject to protection in a certain area.

a space saturated with various historical and cultural objects:

monuments of history, culture, architecture, noble estates, dachas, exhibition centers, parks (theme, water parks, zoos, etc.), museums, galleries, exhibition halls, theaters, cinemas, remains material culture past eras, sacred objects (churches, temples, monasteries, ancient cemeteries, chapels, graves of famous people, etc.) The cultural and historical tourist space includes the following groups of objects:

Monuments of history - this includes sculptural monuments erected in honor of significant historical events or personalities; separate buildings, buildings and structures with historically developed territories, ensembles (clearly localized groups of isolated or combined monuments, buildings and structures in historically developed territories).

Monuments of culture are works of monumental painting, sculpture, memorial sites, cultural and natural landscapes associated with the culture of the peoples on the territory of the Russian Federation, historical (including military) events, the lives of prominent personalities, tombstones, garden and park ensembles.

urban planning. These include the following buildings:

civil buildings and structures associated with major historical events in the life of the peoples of Russia, palaces, castles, kremlins, fortresses, noble estates, dachas, triumphal arches, fountains, streets and squares of cities and towns, works of landscape architecture and landscape art (gardens, parks , squares, boulevards), necropolises.

Archaeological monuments are archaeological excavations or finds, remnants of the material culture of past eras, archaeological sites - settlements, cultural layers, earthen ramparts, dolmens, mounds, stone women, ancient rock paintings, labyrinths, etc.

Museums and museum expositions- This local history museums, museums of fine arts, historical museums, museums of arts and crafts, museums of science and technology, art galleries, exhibition halls, exhibition centers, memorial apartments.

Religious monuments (sacred objects) are monasteries, courtyards, temples, temple complexes, churches, bell towers, chapels, churches, churches, mosques, Buddhist temples, datsans, pagodas, synagogues, prayer houses, ancient cemeteries, mausoleums, graves of famous people .

Recreational tourist space is a space that contributes to the restoration of the spiritual and physical strength of people. This type includes: resorts and health-improving areas, as well as medical tourism facilities located on them: sanatoriums, boarding houses, clinics, bathroom buildings, pump rooms, resort galleries, health paths, stadiums, sports complexes, sports grounds, swimming pools and other sports facilities and objects. Let's look at them in more detail.

The very concept of “resort” is used to mean that it is a specially protected natural area developed and used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, which has natural medical resources and the buildings and structures necessary for their operation, including internal infrastructure facilities;

a resort of federal significance is a specially protected natural area developed and used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, which is, in accordance with the established procedure, administered and controlled by federal bodies state power;

a resort of regional significance is a specially protected natural area developed and used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, which, in accordance with the established procedure, is administered and controlled by a state authority of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

a resort of local importance is a territory developed and used in the jurisdiction and under the control of local governments;

resorts located on it, united general district sanitary (mountain and sanitary) protection;

organization of treatment and prevention of diseases, as well as for recreation of the population;

natural healing resources are mineral waters, therapeutic mud, brine of estuaries and lakes, healing climate, other natural objects and conditions used for the treatment and prevention of diseases and recreation. Medicinal properties natural objects and conditions are established on the basis of scientific research and many years of practice, and are approved by the federal executive body in charge of health issues;

boarding houses with treatment, rest houses, recreation centers, tourist centers, tourist complexes, health centers, campsites, resort clinics, holiday camps, sports camps, etc.

sports and recreation facilities are sports palaces, sports complexes, sports bases, stadiums, yacht clubs, sports grounds, sports fields, sports tracks, sports arenas, sports halls, swimming pools, velodromes, rowing canals, boathouses. Service tourism space is a space that helps to meet the needs of tourists and the local population in services (accommodation, food, transport, household, etc.). The service space includes accommodation facilities, trade enterprises, tourist enterprises, transport enterprises, consumer service enterprises.

Accommodation facilities are hotels, boarding houses, motels, fleets, campsites, cottages, mansions, dachas, boarding houses, bungalows.

Catering establishments are restaurants, bars, cafes, canteens, snack bars, fast food establishments, canteens, cafeterias, coffee houses, stores that sell food products and provide a place for their consumption, cooking.

Trade enterprises are hypermarkets, department stores, stores, warehouses, supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, trade houses, etc.

Tourist enterprises are tour operators, travel agents, tour agencies, etc.

multi-service enterprises, fashion houses, ateliers, workshops, beauty salons, baths, studios, dry cleaners, laundries, rental studios, etc.

Transport companies are transport companies, repair shops, car services, vehicle rental companies, gas stations, service stations, complex transport service companies. Anthropological tourism space is a space that allows tourists to study national culture, folklore, epic, gastronomy, as well as engage in crafts, arts and crafts, etc.

Includes - ethnocultural centers, ethnic villages, ethnic parks, ethnic centers, craft workshops, folk art crafts, etc.

Objects: ethno-cultural centers, ethnic villages, ethnic parks, ethnic centers, folk art crafts, craft workshops, villages of craftsmen.

An event tourism space is a type of tourism space that offers a comprehensive tourism product based on the territory's event calendar. Includes exhibitions, festivals, fairs, forums, rallies, sports days, competitions, anniversaries, theater seasons and other thematic events.

Objects: business events, events in the field of culture and art, sports events, holidays.

Mythological tourist space is a special type of tourist space, which is based on artificially created tourist attractions associated with the mythologization of the territory. The basis for the formation of mythological space are legends, epics, folk tales, fiction, folklore, eyewitness accounts of mystical events and places (favorable and "dead places"). Mystical places can be divided into two categories:

Mystical places - which, in turn, can be conditionally divided into favorable and unfavorable (“dead places”).

Mystical objects are natural objects, cultural and historical objects, also associated with mystical history.

The mythological epic of a place (territory) is a conventional name for myths, legends and traditions about a specific place or object located in a given place.

The use of mythologization as a practical method involves the study of the tourist space through the myth, which acts as a certain element of creativity. In this case, individual elements of the studied space, or the entire space as a whole, become carriers of a myth that forms a pronounced (positive or negative) image of a given tourist space enclosed within a certain territory (district, city, country).

In this regard, the tourist space itself becomes a special object of study, which acts not only as a territorial (geographical) unit, but also as, to a greater extent, a complex philosophical category, expressed in the form of a necessary form in which all our sensations are concentrated. Such an integrated approach to space makes it possible to form a special methodology for studying Russian tourist areas. In this regard, the very understanding of the tourist space, its perception and aesthetic evaluation becomes a mythological process. Being materialized in space, the myth is fixed by consciousness as a function of time, defining the rules of the game in social culture.

The mythologization of space is closely connected with the gameplay, which allows reconstructing various events (holidays, tournaments, ceremonies, etc.) in real time, which makes it possible to form artificial attractions that attract attention not only by spectacle, but also by an interesting emotional action that tells about cultural and historical roots and traditions of peoples.

In modern conditions of life Russian regions there has been a clear trend towards the revival of national traditions, customs and rituals that have deep social significance and great value, especially for small peoples. Mythologization, as one of the figurative ways of studying space, allows through attraction to get deeper into rituals and cultural traditions. For example, in almost all nations, the wedding ceremony is of particular importance, as an inseparable element of culture and the quintessence of the national spirit. Extremely attractive are modern reconstructions of wedding ceremonies of the peoples of the North, the Volga region, the Urals, etc.

So, for example, a Mordovian wedding includes almost the entire genre palette of national folklore: prayers, spells, lamentations, family ritual, laudatory and reproachful songs, dance melodies and dances that accompany all stages of the ceremony. innovative approaches and processes in tourism can become a driving force for the development of individual tourist areas in Russia. In particular, tourism can become a driving force for the development of small towns in Russia, through the creation of new tourist routes that combine the potential of the most interesting and developed, from a tourist point of view, small historical towns of the Russian Federation.

The basis for the development of tourism activities in "small" towns can also be cultural and educational tourism, as a growing sector aimed at attracting the most educated consumers, and with fairly high incomes. Many "small" cities are already actively using this type of tourism, and are taking various measures to develop new approaches to promoting their cultural and natural heritage, diversify traditional tourist products, include new components in them, form a single urban tourist space based on natural landscapes, museums, monuments of history, culture, architecture. Small towns aim to combine all their valuable resources into a single ensemble, emphasizing its cultural ethnic identity and uniqueness.

Cities of crafts, ethnic villages, museum streets, protected routes - these are the simplest ways to implement this idea. Realizing this direction, the "small" city becomes a single tourist center, where the entire infrastructure is formed not as a separate sector of the urban economy, but as an integral part of the entire intra-urban tourism sector, capturing not only the city itself, but also its environs. This approach makes it possible to solve the complex socio-economic problems of "small"

city-forming enterprises and industries, most of which, at present, are on the verge of stopping production lines, which can lead to their complete liquidation.

Based on the foregoing, it seems quite possible to consider tourism activities as the basis for the revival of the Russian province.

In this regard, it seems appropriate to create an integrated system of "small" tourist cities that act as "recreational zones" ("recreational belts") surrounding large urban agglomerations and metropolitan cities.

This approach is based on the prevailing preferences of Russians in relation to recreation. According to VTsIOM estimates, more than 30% of Russians prefer to spend their holidays in the country. Country vacation has become real national tradition, and, consequently, the tourist product of "small" towns will be actively in demand.

a competitive tourist product of "small" cities of Russia based on the creation of interregional thematic tourist routes.

So, for example, on the occasion of the anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812, it would be advisable to form a tourist route “War Roads of the Year”, uniting the Moscow, Smolensk, Kaluga and Tver regions - with key points in the places of hostilities.

The route can be divided into several stages - for example, based on the change in the course of the war, and the direction of movement of troops.

innovative development of regions, as new tourism products can be created in the form of reconstruction of memorable historical events.

Spaces are quite productive, because based on the study of developing types of tourism, it makes it possible to justify new types of spaces. Thus, in particular, a new type of tourist space can be distinguished - scientific space. Justifying this new type of tourist space, it should be noted that, in general, space and time are among the categories of great importance for science.

Although real science has no real boundaries, it needs the formation of a common field that could allow the creation of a broad scientific community capable of conceptualizing scientific activity.

The very idea of ​​a scientific space is necessary to consolidate the efforts of all scientific and educational structures, to attract public attention to science and education in general, and to increase the prestige of scientific activity in particular. It is necessary to widely popularize science, scientific knowledge and education in various ways, including through the development of scientific and educational tourism.

a space that offers a tourist product based on scientific and educational potential - in a territory capable of offering quality programs, basic and additional education.

Including internship programs, research programs and projects, master classes, and other interactive forms of obtaining knowledge, educational institutions.

Such institutions include scientific organizations, "science cities"; educational institutions; scientific libraries, depositories, etc. The role of tourist space. The tourist space has been preserved in its almost original form and attracts tourists with rich natural tourist resources, which make it possible to engage in active types of tourism, contact with untouched nature and little-changed natural landscapes. This type of space is made up of natural monuments, including specially protected natural areas (SPNA).

the allocation of certain types of tourist space is quite productive, since, based on the study of developing types of tourism, it makes it possible to justify new types of spaces. Conclusion Based on the above, we can conclude that in order to form a tourist space aimed at creating an integrated system designed to have a beneficial effect on the revival of the Russian provinces and, in particular, “small” cities, is the fact that the cultural potential of the region where tour, largely depends on its historical heritage, which today is becoming an important factor in increasing the tourist flow, and the presence of unique historical, cultural or natural sites allows us to count on attracting a wider range of tourists and the successful development of thematic tourism in the region. The best concentration of a whole range of possible purposes of thematic tourism are such historical sites as preserved estates.

Invaluable assistance in this can be provided by such a type of carrier of thematic information as a guide book, or a guide describing a possible route for a thematic excursion, introducing the history of the emergence and origin of the names of individual geographical or historical objects of the tourist resources considered in the guide. Such a guidebook is designed to form a careful attitude to informing about the traditions of the people and create conditions for the development and expansion of the tourist space.

2.1. Methods of analysis of thematic tourism resources on the example Analysis of tourist resources of the Tula region takes place in two stages:

At the first stage, an analysis of the trends in the development of the tourist space of the region as a whole will be carried out in order to identify the prospects for creating new and improving existing tourist facilities and thematic routes.

At the second stage - the analysis of the Cultural centers of the Tula region, on the example of estates, which will be carried out according to the following parameters:

1.Location:

Name and location of the subject of the Russian Federation.

The area of ​​this territory.

What other regions of the Russian Federation does it border on?

2. Internet availability:

What technologies are used on the territory of the Tula region to provide the population with the Internet.

3. Transport accessibility:

How well developed is the transport network of the region.

The difference between transport accessibility in terms of profitability from neighboring ones 4. Ticket prices:

Specify the pricing policy for travel on the Moscow-5 electric train. Memorable dates and annual events:

In this paragraph, it is necessary to list the type and number of regional holidays, festivals and similar events taking place in the Tula region.

6. Excursion service:

The most popular tourist routes in Tulskaya are various museum estates and palace and park complexes.

7. Architectural ensemble of the estate:

The main memorial buildings of museum estates, nature reserves and palace and park complexes located on the territory of the Tula region.

8. Accommodation infrastructure:

Accommodation infrastructure in the Tula region.

9.Food items:

What is the infrastructure of food facilities in the capital of Tula 10. Visitor statistics:

The average number of visitors to estate museums per year.

2.2. Methods of analysis and scheme for the development of a thematic guide In table 2.1. a scheme of analysis of guidebooks for the territory under consideration is presented.

Guides in English Guides in Russian Downloadable at mobile devices The analysis was carried out on the basis of printed materials available at the points of retail and specialized sale of books and magazines in the Moscow and Tula regions, in the amount of 8 copies. A comparative analysis of guidebooks presented in electronic form was carried out in a similar way. Detailed sources are listed in the Bibliography at the end of the thesis.

The following parameters were taken into account during the analysis:

graphic solution (number of illustrations, maps, diagrams included in the guide);

the cost of 1 copy or the one-time service provided (when using-renting the electronic or audio options, the volume of the material contained in the guide (graphic, text, information);

provided material)

age criteria for submitting information (age the target audience guide);

Since the final goal of this work was the creation of a printed guide, copies of this particular type were subjected to the most complete analysis. The analysis of other types of guidebooks was carried out for informational purposes only.

guide. The main stages of the process are shown in Figure 2.1.

Rice. 2.1. Scheme of the process of developing a thematic guidebook of phased creation:

advantages, the necessary elements of the created guide were identified.

using the results of the analysis of the available tourist resources of the Tula region, the topics and the estimated target audience (age, economic, social) are determined.

From the total amount of collected information and graphic material, the necessary components were selected to fill the created guide with text and graphics (including maps and comparative tables).

Based on the comparison of the structure of the analyzed guidebooks, the structure for the created guidebook has been developed. The form of submission of the material was determined.

the selected material was grouped, processed and given the form of a thematic guide.

in the process of researching guidebooks and collecting information on the tourist resources of the Tula region, there was an accumulation of material on the basis of which the main channels for the potential sale of the developed guidebook and methods for its promotion using retail outlets and the Internet were identified.

3.1. Analysis of the state of the tourism industry in the Tula region At the moment, various types of tourism are developing in the Tula region. Excursion tourism, business, amateur and sport fishing, speleotourism, ecotourism, pilgrimage tourism (the town of Epifan, etc.) are developing, actively attracting tourists in the winter season. The most common type of tourism is cultural tourism. This is due to the fact that a large number of cultural and historical monuments are concentrated in the Tula region.

The undisputed leader in this area remains Yasnaya Polyana, which is world famous thanks to the work of the great Russian writer Count Leo Tolstoy, the estate is currently not only a museum, but also a venue for festivals and a large number of cultural events. The museum-estate contains exhibits closely related to various aspects of the life of Lev Nikolayevich, which are priceless relics for fans of the work of the author of the novel "War and Peace", which brought him worldwide fame. Attention is also paid to cognitive - sightseeing tours, in particular, on the estates of V.D. Polenov, L.N. Tolstoy, A.G. Bobrinsky, A.T. Bolotov, etc.

Due to the fact that the population of the Tula region is predominantly urban (81.6%) and the level of education is one of the highest in Russia. Educational tourism plays an important role in this.

Educational tourism is a relatively new phenomenon. Even five years ago, few people considered this type of tourism product, however, due to the increase in demand and desire of customers (according to the World Youth Student and Educational Tourism Confederation (WYSTC), over the past five years, for example, the total number of young people who are ready to make educational tours , increased by 40%), it should be recognized as relevant for development. Thus, the development of educational tourism is aimed at the urban intelligentsia and residents of the region, who are striving to obtain deep knowledge of a foreign language, language practice and improve their skills abroad. The use of outbound educational tourism allows you to meet the demand and expand the list of services offered by travel companies.

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Guidebooks published by tourist firms.

Since the guide is an important and effective means of advertising local history tourism, the next part of the work is devoted to the analysis of activities tourist organizations and identification of guidebooks published by them, as well as how often travel agencies use this type of advertising, analysis of guidebooks, local history topics, from the fund of the National Library of Russia.

I analyzed the activities of 30 tourist companies in the city of St. Petersburg. The main activities of the companies are:

Registration of a standard package of documents (passports, visas, insurance, tickets).

Development of group and individual routes.

Depending on the type of holiday, services are provided for:

Excursion tours;

Beach holidays;

Ski holidays;

Exotic vacation;

Business tourism;

Less frequent cruises.

Many tourist companies specialize in addition to children's tourism: "Riviera", "Zlata Prague", "Lira", "Atlas". The activities of the travel agency "Yard" include the preparation and holding of banquets, seminars, conferences, as well as the development of Web-pages.

Such leading companies as "Neva", "Atlas", "Calypso" provide services for recreation, treatment and education abroad.

It should be noted that 13 out of 30 travel companies publish their own guide (39%). The fact is that only large and successful firms can afford to publish a guide, because other types of advertising are less expensive (I mean printed).

The lists offered by companies include a wide variety of destinations. Almost every travel agency offers tours to Europe, Asia, Eastern countries, less often the countries of America, Africa.

The most popular of them are: Czech Republic, Hungary, England, France, Germany, Austria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Spain, Egypt. No less popular islands: about. Thailand, about Malta, Dominican Islands, Canary Islands, about. Cyprus, about. Bali.

Four out of thirty travel agencies also specialize in domestic tourism (in Russia).

As already noted, 13 travel companies are publishing their own guide.

Travel company "Rassvet"

Travel company "Riviera"

Travel company "Neva"

Travel company "Atlas"

Travel company "Foros"

Travel company "Bentur"

Travel company "Arcadia"

Travel company "Aster"

Travel company "Flamingo"

Travel company "GRENEX"

Travel company "Rad"

Travel company "Lensey"

Tourist company "Nika".

It is important to note that these publications can not quite be called guidebooks. Rather, these are directories in the guidebook genre. They are at the same time a permanent working tool for agency managers, a guide for tour operators and useful guide for tourists.

Basically, in the guidebooks of tourist companies, it is included detailed information about resorts and hotels and prices for various types of services provided. Almost every catalog contains general information, which usually includes items such as:

Geographical position;

state structure;

Population;

This information is presented in summary form. In rare cases, in the guide you can find out about the history of the proposed city or country. The information placed in the guide, acquainting the client with excursions or sights, pays attention to only one. (Let's say the most popular monument of architecture, etc.). Catalogs-guides published by tourist companies are distinguished by high-quality printing design and good illustrations.

Tourist companies are engaged in rare cases of domestic tourism.

As M.K. Zhukov, it's not profitable. Firms work mainly with profitable foreign tours. Accordingly, tourist companies practically do not publish guidebooks in Russia.

Local history guides from the fund of the National Library of Russia.

To identify guidebooks, I used the funds of the National Library of Russia.

I have identified 47 guidebooks for the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia, starting from the 1912 edition.

Local history guides, in contrast to guidebooks published by tourist companies, contain more complete information.

Basically, guidebooks are not designed for any particular category of people.

Most often, guides include the following headings:

General information (about the settlement).

Attractions (museums, theaters, architectural monuments, memorable places, churches and shrines).

Healthcare.

I would like to note that in pre-revolutionary guidebooks, there are indexes of names and surnames of doctors of various specialties.

Education.

Transport.

Industry.

Culture and art.

Public organizations.

administrative bodies.

Often there are illustrated guides. As a rule, guidebooks have a map of the city, or a plan, more often with a description.

Guidebooks are characterized by the content of various indexes and lists. Lists of streets, factories, plants, indexes of surnames famous people, anniversaries. More modern guidebooks also contain signs of cafes, bars, restaurants, shops, entertainment centers, hotels, hotels. There are guides that contain full information, there are guides that include headings for the cities themselves and a brief overview of each of them: (Soloviev D. Guide to the cities of the Vladimir province: Shuya, Ivanovo-Voznesensky, Yuryev-Polsky, Alexandrov and Pereslavl-Zalessky). Often guides contain a variety of advertisements (shops, travel agencies - modern guides), in pre-revolutionary ones - advertisements for warehouses, ateliers, shops, insurance organizations were placed.

Modern guidebooks are distinguished by better printing, color illustrations, and a variety of information. There are photo guides and guides in the form of essays about a particular city or place.

Choosing a tour, route, hotel does not mean that you will be fully prepared for the trip. Those who prefer to walk around new places without a guide and the company of the same tourists should choose a guide. And the result of the trip will depend on this choice, whether the person will be satisfied or not, how much time and effort will be spent on getting to know the sights, and whether, in the end, the most interesting will be left outside the guidebook.

First of all, it is worth considering that the best guidebooks are sold not in the traveler's homeland, but in vacation spots. And in most cases these guides are in English. Such guides have a certain advantage, since they are designed for a huge number of people from different countries, they must be of higher quality in content than, for example, those written in Russian.

In the world of travel publications, the most complete, popular, convenient, understandable and useful for beginner travelers are the travel guides from Lonely Planet and Dorling Kindersley.

The Lonely Planet publishing house annually updates the content of the books, which allows them to remain relevant. The content usually contains indications of high-quality, but inexpensive places to stay, eat, and have fun. However, the guidebook itself for a Russian tourist may turn out to be significantly expensive, moreover, rare on the shelves of bookstores. A wider and more affordable choice in foreign online stores.

Dorling Kindersley offers a brief overview of the most important information about the destination in the "Top 10" mode of hotels, cafes, clubs, beaches, historical events and related monuments. With this guide, you do not need to specially prepare for the trip, choose places to visit, look for places to relax and have a snack. This guide, as they say, is more visual, it is easier to travel with it for those who are not familiar with English.

The print quality of these publications is the highest, as is the price. Beautiful photos, high quality paper. But still, this is not the most important thing in the guidebook, beautiful photos are unlikely to affect the impression of the real view.

A series of guidebooks "Afisha" is published in Russian. These guides contain live, understandable information about the largest cities in the world, where events are constantly taking place, life is in full swing. The guide is adapted to the interests and most popular requests of Russian tourists.

If there is no opportunity or time to wait for an order from an online store, you can postpone the choice until you arrive at the place of travel and buy a guidebook, for example, at the airport.

Having opened the guide, having skimmed through it, it is easy to understand whether he is trustworthy or not. A good, high-quality guide is distinguished by the presence of the following information:

• Hotels of different classes, other places to stay
• Restaurants, cafes, bars with opening hours.
• Shopping centers, specialized shops that a tourist may need, souvenir shops.
• Transport, land, underground, waterways.
• City maps, metro.
• Description of tourist areas.
• Historical and geographical information.
• Phrasebook.

In general, there are several types of guidebooks, which differ in the nature of the information they provide.

Guide-story.

Such guides contain a minimum of background information about hotels, cafes and buses. It is rather an illustrated edition of history and geography. They are chosen by people who know in advance where they will stay, where and how they will eat, and who to contact in an emergency. They are more interested in sights, and not only those that are in the Top 10, but less well-known, and therefore, perhaps, more attractive.

Informative travel guides: contain a brief listing of what the tourist needs to know. As a rule, the country itself is described briefly, attention is paid only to the most-most tourist places. Transport, housing, eating places outside major cities may not be mentioned at all.

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