The history of public education in Pereslavl-Zalessky. "My city
The history of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky began in the Neolithic period, when people appreciated natural resources and use them rationally. It is on the shore of Lake Pleshcheeva, which is on this moment is part of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky, the very first traces of the presence of settlers of these places were discovered. Starting from the 1st century BC, representatives of the Merya people began to live in this area. After some time, the Slavs also occupied the territory located in the lake area. Since those ancient times, a legend has been passed from mouth to mouth that tells the story of the mysterious Blue Stone. It follows from the stories that this stone was intended to perform various ritual rites and sacrifices. All ritual actions were dedicated to the sun deity Yarila.
According to various historical data, the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky received its name in honor of the place where Yuri Dolgoruky was born. A fairly strong defensive structure was built in this city. fortification. All urban area It was reliably protected by earthen ramparts, the height of which sometimes reached 16 meters. Near the city walls, the Transfiguration Cathedral was erected by local architects. This architectural monument is of historical value, since its walls served both as a spiritual haven for the nobility and as a center in which various important military and political decisions were made by the local principality. The power of the defensive buildings of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky for many years quite successfully repelled multiple enemy raids.
At the time when Prince Vsevolod came to power, with his son Yaroslavl, this principality flourished and began to be considered one of the cultural centers of ancient Rus'. The entourage of Prince Yaroslavl consisted of educated subjects, and from that time chroniclers began to archive everything that happened in this principality. On the territory of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky, icon painters worked tirelessly, whose works were transferred to various churches and temples. This land is also famous for the fact that it was on it that the great ancient Russian commander A. Nevsky was born. Unfortunately this ancient city suffered the fate prepared for many cities Ancient Rus'. Its walls were repeatedly subjected to Tatar-Mongol raids. Also, its power and inviolability were influenced by local princely strife, which consisted in the redistribution of this territory. Only with the advent of the reign of the Moscow prince Daniel, this city began to be actively restored and soon began to be called a craft and shopping mall.
Pereslavl-Zalessky repeatedly received Moscow princes and tsars who visited these places for the purpose of hunting, or to study God's word. It was on Lake Pleshcheyevo that the great ruler Pyotr Alekseevich began his large-scale construction of a flotilla, which became the progenitor of the Russian navy. In the 19th century, Pereslavl-Zalessky was noted as a city in which buildings and structures made of stone began to be erected. Also, many churches, factories and factories were built in the urban area. welfare local population during this period it directly depended on the White Sea trade route, which passed through Pereslavl-Zalessky. The city's treasury was significantly replenished after construction railway held near the city. To this day, this place is famous for ancient buildings of both architectural and historical value. Many tourists come to these places just to get acquainted with the history of this city, visit local attractions, some of which they can observe from the windows of their hotel room.
City of Pereslavl-Zalessky was founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. The place was chosen well - at the intersection trade routes, from Moscow at a distance of one hundred kilometers, at the very Pleshcheev Lake.
A Brief History of Pereslavl-Zalessky
Once upon a time, the city of Pereslavl, whose name is translated as "adopted glory", was famous and rich. Alexander Nevsky was born in this city, and here he reigned before he moved to reign in Novgorod. On the city's Red Square, which is the heart of Pereslavl, a monument to the prince was erected. By the way, Moscow's Red Square is named so only in imitation of Red Square city of Pereslavl-Zalessky.
In 1302, Pereslavl was annexed to the Moscow principality, and under Ivan the Terrible, this place became the center of the oprichnina. The name of the city, originally known as Pereslavl, was changed to Pereslavl-Zalessky in the 15th century, as the city was located beyond the forests.
Pereslavl was considered by Grozny as a strategic point, because Tsar John was seriously planning to move the capital from Moscow to Vologda.
Nikitsky Monastery, due to its location near the Vologda road, was converted in 1561-1564 into an impregnable fortress.
The beginning of the 17th century was marked by the fact that the city was captured by the Polish-Lithuanian troops. But in 1609 they were already expelled from the city by the troops of Skopin-Shuisky. After that, the Pereslavl people participated in the liberation of Moscow, along with the militia of Minin and Pozharsky.
In 1688, on Ivy Lake, Peter the Great laid the foundation for the Russian fleet - he began to build a "fun flotilla". At present, the Botik museum, located on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo, three kilometers south of the city, houses Fortuna, one of the surviving Peter's boats.
The construction of the flotilla attracted many carpenters, carvers, blacksmiths and lumberjacks to Pereslavl. This could not but affect the development of crafts in the city.
In modern Pereslavl-Zalessky there are a number of large industrial enterprises, but, despite this, the city remains a protected area, cozy place, one of the most remarkable among the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia.
Lake Pleshcheyevo is one of the main sights of Pereslavl-Zalessky. The lake is clean and beautiful. In order to preserve this unique natural environment, in 1988 a National Park was created on the territory of the city.
Transfiguration Cathedral
This one of the earliest examples of Vladimir-Suzdal architecture, the Cathedral was built in 1157. The cathedral was built on Red Square, and in front of it stands a monument to Alexander Nevsky. And in the Cathedral itself, his son and grandson are buried.
Outwardly, the temple is modest and simple, but this does not prevent it from looking like a powerful, harsh and impregnable structure.
Unfortunately, the interior of the temple has been lost. Church utensils, icons, individual fragments of painting are kept in Moscow museums.
Church of Peter the Metropolitan
Also on Red Square in 1585, in honor of the first Moscow Metropolitan Peter, a prominent church figure of the 14th century, a tent-shaped church was built. This is a rare type of temple construction, which includes St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow.
Such were wooden Russian churches, and stone hipped churches are already a rarity.
There are four monasteries in Pereslavl, founded in the 14th-17th centuries.
Nikitsky monastery
Most ancient monastery Pereslavl-Zalessky, founded in the early 12th century. He became famous after the death of the Pereslavl miracle worker Nikita the Stylite, thanks to whom many people received healing. A chapel now stands on the site of Nikita the Stylite's cell.
By order of Ivan the Terrible, in 1564, the Nikitsky Cathedral was built, surpassing everything in its size. famous temples 16th century. He became the center architectural ensemble monastery.
In the 17th century, the towers and walls of the monastery withstood the siege of the Polish-Lithuanian invaders.
Trinity Danilov Monastery
The monastery was founded in 1508 by the monk Daniel, who later became the godfather of the future Tsar Ivan the Terrible. In 1532, the Trinity Cathedral was built, and in 1662 its walls were covered with frescoes. Kostroma craftsmen worked on the decorations. The domed image of Christ turned out magnificently.
In the 1680s and 1690s, the ensemble of the monastery was completed with the construction of the bell tower, the All-Khvyatskaya church, the refectory and the Fraternal building, built at the expense of the princes Baryatinsky.
Fedorovsky Monastery
Located at the entrance to the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky from Moscow.
Fyodorovsky Monastery, which arose back in the 14th century, gained fame from the birthplace of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in 1557, the son of Fedor. The royal son was named in honor of the saint to whom the monastery is dedicated. The tsar also ordered to build the Cathedral of Theodore Stratilat in the monastery.
At the very birthplace of Tsarevich Fedor, three kilometers south of Pereslavl-Zalessky, the chapel "Cross" has been erected, which has survived to this day.
Nikolsky Monastery
The monastery was built in 1350. Only at the end of the 17th century did stone structures. Has survived to this day gate church Peter and Paul, dated 1748.
Currently operating here convent– since 1993.
Goritsky Assumption Monastery
The location of the former monastery is such that it can be seen from everywhere - it is built on a hill near south coast Pleshcheeva Lake.
The Goritsky Assumption Monastery arose under Ivan Kalita in the 16th century.
Currently, the Pereslavl Museum of History and Art is located here with forty-seven halls, most of which contain tens of thousands of collectible exhibits and a huge library that stores lifetime editions of famous Russian writers, as well as other rare books and letters.
The second half of the museum is occupied Art Gallery with the works of masters of Russian painting - Korovin, Shishikin, Makovsky and others.
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- (Pezanprob) a voluntary scientific organization that worked for free in the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky in 1919-1930. Content 1 General history 2 Year after year ... Wikipedia
City, r.c., Yaroslavl region It was first mentioned in chronicles under 1152. like mountains. Pereslavl, founded by the book. Yuri Dolgoruky. Oikonym moved from the Kyiv land, where mountains. Pereyaslavl is already mentioned under 907. From the 15th century. to be different from others... Geographic Encyclopedia
Pereslavl Zalessky Genre scientific and educational and documentary Scriptwriter S. D. Vasiliev, N. M. Shirshin Starring Pereslavl Zalessky ... Wikipedia
Pereslavl Zalessky Genre scientific and educational Director (((Director))) Scriptwriter S. D. Vasiliev Starring ... Wikipedia
Pereslavl-Zalessky: Pereslavl-Zalessky city in Yaroslavl region Russia Pereslavl Zalessky ship Pereslavl Zalessky documentary... Wikipedia
Pereslavl-Zalessky- Pereslavl Zalessky. View of a part of the city. PERESLAVL ZALESSKY (before the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region, in Russia, on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the mouth of the Trubezh River. 43.4 thousand inhabitants. Railroad station. Manufacture of magnetic tape, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region, on the shore of the lake. Pleshcheevo, at the mouth of the river. Trubezh, 21 km from the railway station. d. st. Berendeevo. 45.2 thousand inhabitants (1998). PA Slavich (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper, etc.); light, food industry. ... ... Russian history
- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region of the RSFSR, on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo. Founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky as one of the fortified points that covered the Rostov-Suzdal land. Remains of urban earthworks have been preserved ... ... Art Encyclopedia
Pereslavl-Zalessky- Pereslavl Zalessky. Pereslavl Zalessky, a city in the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Pereslavl district, 124 km southwest of Yaroslavl. Located in the northeastern part of Klinsko Dmitrovskaya ridge, to the south east coast Lake Pleshcheyevo, at ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl) a city in Russian Federation, Yaroslavl region, on the shore of the lake. Pleshcheyevo, at the mouth of the river. Trubezh. Railroad station. 43.5 thousand inhabitants (1993). Slavich Production Association (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper and ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
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- Pereslavl-Zalessky
- Pereslavl-Zalessky, . Pereslavl-Zalessky is an ancient Russian city. It sprawled near Lake Pleshcheeva along the banks of the Trubezh River and along the slopes of the hills. The beauty of nature and the creations of the mind and human hands merged here ...
“There is a lost world in Russia,
That lives not for words, not for glory,
What is lost, like Kitezh, by people -
This is a city in the forests - Pereslavl.
(Natalya Martishina)
Pereslavl-Zalessky is an ancient Russian city located in the very center of Russia, 140 km. from Moscow. This is the second after Sergiev Posad tourist destination of the Golden Ring on federal highway Moscow-Kholmogory, leading from the capital to White Sea. Pereslavl and its environs keep many wonderful monuments of antiquity of the XII-XIX centuries and "places of memory" associated with important historical events and famous personalities.
I love this cute one so much cozy town that in my own ranking ancient cities In Russia, he is firmly in the top three, and possibly takes first place in it. It pulls here again and again, and especially pulls when you just left it.
Entering Pereslavl, 4 km. from the city limits, we see the chapel "Cross" (Fedorovskaya). At this very place in the 16th century, while on a trip to the holy places, the wife of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarina Anastasia Romanova, gave birth to Tsarevich Fedor. Fedor became the last king of the fading Rurik dynasty. In honor of his birth, Ivan the Terrible ordered a thank-you cross, which was later replaced by a stone chapel.
By the way, there were three Pereslavl in Rus'. "To win glory" meant - "to win". Also in Kievan Rus in the 10th century, a certain youth defeated the Pecheneg hero in single combat, "took over his glory", and in honor of this feat the city of Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny, now the city of Khmelnitsky, was founded. In 1095, the second Pereyaslavl, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, arose, now this city is called Ryazan. And only the third Pereyaslavl, after the letter "I" dropped out of the name of the city in the 15th century, is our Pereslavl-Zalessky.
Pereslavl-Zalessky is the same age as Moscow. It was founded by Prince Yury Dolgoruky in 1152 in Zalesye, an area separated from the southern Russian steppes by dense forests. Under Dolgoruky and his closest descendants, Pereslavl was a powerful fortress that closed the capital cities of Vladimir and Suzdal from the Volga Bulgars and the Smolensk and Novgorod rats during the princely strife.
The city experienced its dawn in the 13th century, when it turned out to be the center of a specific principality. The first Prince of Pereslavl was Yaroslav, the son of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest. Under him, the city turned into a major political and Cultural Center Northeast Rus'. Below we see a defensive earthen rampart that surrounded the city center.
Yaroslav's son Alexander Nevsky became famous for victories over the Swedes on the Neva River in 1240 and over the Teutonic Knights on Lake Peipsi(Battle on the Ice). In the 16th century, he was canonized as a common Russian saint. His son Dmitry in 1276 became the Grand Duke of Vladimir and made Pereslavl the actual capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal land.
His son Ivan Dmitrievich was the last prince of Pereslavl. He died childless in 1302, and his inheritance went to his uncle, the son of Alexander Nevsky Daniel, the first Moscow prince, after whom Moscow gradually became the main princely center. But in order to keep Pereslavl in their power, the Moscow princes were forced to accept the title of Prince of Pereslavsky for another 160 years. This ritual disappeared only after Dmitry Donskoy.
During the period of the Tatar yoke, Pereslavl was completely ruined and burned to the ground six times. In 1374, an important event took place in the city that preceded the Battle of Kulikovo - a congress of Russian princes took place here, the reason for which was the baptism of Dmitry Donskoy's son Yuri. The ceremony was conducted by the Abbot of the Russian Land - St. Sergius of Radonezh. At this congress, an important decision was made to fight the Mongols.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, Pereslavl became a major craft and trade center of Muscovite Rus'. The sovereign's falconers and fishermen played a special role. The fishermen who delivered their catch to the Moscow Kremlin lived along the banks of the mouth of the Trubezh River. This place in the city is still called Rybnaya Sloboda. We see the mouth of the river in the photo below.
Crossing the city in two Pereslavskaya great road in pre-Petrine Russia it was called Yamskaya. largest settlement coachmen here were called Yam, and there were about 70 yards. We see this road in the very center of the city in the photo.
Here, on hunting and pilgrimage, Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible repeatedly visited. After the ruin of the Time of Troubles, the city was almost entirely rebuilt. At the end of the 17th century, Pereslavl was destined to become the cradle of the Russian navy. Young Peter I built his first, "amusing" flotilla here.
It is best to start acquaintance with the city from the place where it originated, from Red Square (formerly Cathedral Square), with its city ramparts, the Transfiguration Cathedral of the 12th century and other ancient monuments. Pereslavl-Zalessky was founded on a cape formed by the Trubezh River and the Murmash River. From the south and west, the city skirted the artificial ditch Groblya.
Pereslavl was the largest of the fortresses built by Yuri Dolgoruky. Only later it was surpassed by the fortifications of the new capital of North-Eastern Rus' - Vladimir. The earthen rampart of the 12th century, which has survived to this day, reaches a circumference of 2.5 km, its height is about 10, and its width is 6 m. Of course, we walked around its perimeter.
Near the ramparts rises the oldest temple of Pereslavl - the Transfiguration Cathedral, built in 1152-1157. This is the earliest surviving monument of pre-Mongolian Vladimir-Suzdal architecture.
This is a small, 21 meters high, fortress temple, intended for the needs of the princely court and the garrison of the fortress city. This is what determined its austere monumental appearance, with little or no decorative trim.
To the left of the cathedral, near the city rampart, in the 13th century stood the palace of the Pereslavl princes. According to legend, here, in 1220, the Russian national hero, Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky, was born. Now, presumably at this place, we see such a wooden structure.
But, alas, there is no exact data. The memorial plaque hangs not on a wooden house, but on a cathedral, and exact location does not indicate. It can be understood that the great commander was probably born somewhere here, probably somewhere nearby, most likely nearby.
In 1958, in memory of the great countryman, a bronze bust of Alexander Nevsky by sculptor S.M. The bust and the cathedral are symbols of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky.
Not far from the cathedral, on a place called the "sovereign's court" rises one of the most beautiful and oldest churches in the city - the hipped church of Peter the Metropolitan. It was built in honor of Peter, Metropolitan of Vladimir, who was accused by the Tver clergy of selling church positions. Peter was acquitted, became an associate of Ivan Kalita and was later canonized as a Russian saint. The shape of the temple resembles the Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye in Moscow.
The surviving part of the architectural ensemble of Vladimiro-Sretensky adjoins Red Square. Novodevichy Convent. Here we see two temples - Vladimirsky Cathedral and the Church of St. Alexander Nevsky.
The construction of twin temples similar in architecture is a tradition of the Yaroslavl school of architecture of the 17th-18th centuries. In the 1990s, divine services were restored in both churches.
From the monastery, some of the buildings of which were destroyed in the 1930s, a fragment of the fence remained. Now there is a small market selling all kinds of souvenirs.
Nearby there is a bridge over the Trubezh River, beyond which the old part of the city continues. We find ourselves on Rostovskaya Street, along which tomorrow morning we will go further, to Rostov the Great, and then even further - to our beloved city of Yaroslavl.
The city has several churches built in the "provincial baroque" style of the 18th century. They are characterized by red-brick walls and elaborate decoration of architraves and cornices. It is especially graceful at the Simeonovskaya Church, decorated with charming heads of cherubs. This church is located right next to the bridge.
And if you look into the courtyards, in front of which, unlike Moscow, there are no bars with combination locks, you can see typical Russia at the beginning of perestroika, which was so angry then, and which looks so exotic now.
The Trubezh River divides the city into two parts. Last year, the bridge over it was closed for repairs, and it was terribly inconvenient - in order to see another part of Pereslavl, we had to make a huge detour along the perimeter of the city in order to return almost to the same point at a distance of twenty meters, and spend almost hour.
One of the most picturesque corners of Pereslavl is the place where the Trubezh River flows into Lake Pleshcheyevo. At the very mouth, on a small promontory, there is another baroque church - the Church of the Forty Martyrs. In the summer, the temple is very beautifully reflected in the water surface.
To everyone who goes to Pereslavl, I strongly advise you to bypass the city center along an earthen rampart. From it everything is perfectly visible, and you will not miss the main sights. Only this should be done in dry weather, otherwise there is a risk of getting smeared, there is no asphalt or tiles on the shaft, and there are a lot of people upstairs.
Most of the houses in the old part of the city are wooden or semi-wooden. Living in them is probably bad, but admiring them from the outside is a pleasure. There are almost no migrant workers from the southern lands in the city, because the townspeople themselves willingly take on any job, and you cannot arrange air trade here, since the population simply does not have money.
More modern quarters of the city still look old. They are very nice, they do not at all correspond to the spirit of evil bustling megacities, and here you just relax your soul. Here, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, I suddenly had some kind of forgotten feeling, as if I was not surviving, but really living.
In this city incredible amount museums, mostly small, domestic, but still I have not yet seen so many museums in such a small area. All of them are quite interesting. Here in this Museum of gramophones and records we were not. It is not located in the city itself, but on the shore of the lake, a few kilometers from the center.
The Radio Museum is nearby. We weren't in it either.
The Iron Museum is very interesting, in which irons are collected almost from the time of Yuri Dolgoruky to the present day. The museum is private and also very interesting, but we have not been to it either.
We just didn't time it. It didn't occur to me that this small town contains so many interesting things. We planned to study it in half a day and move further north, but those one and a half days of constant movement that we devoted to it were too little.
But still, we managed to go to the main museums of the city, and there will be separate topics about them. The most important is the Goritsky Monastery, which we pass on the way to the hotel. Perhaps this is the only museum in the city that cannot be missed.
And there is also a Dendrological Museum, there is Berendey's House, there are house-museums famous people... And we were not in them. But we visited the museum of the cradle of the Russian fleet "Peter's Boat", but about it in the next topic. We found it by accident, in such a bright restaurant literally opposite the museum, otherwise we would have passed by.
For the night we stayed at a hotel next to this museum of the same name on the very shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo. Some of the inconvenience of this hotel was fully paid off by the view of the lake. The hostess, looking at me and our car (Moscow rooms), said that a double room would cost 1800, but if we want personal amenities and a TV, then 2500. I agreed to the second.
Already in the room, when we tried to turn on the TV, we failed completely. On closer examination, I discovered the complete absence of any antenna whatsoever. To my angry question to the hostess, why the TV does not work, she reasonably answered, they say, but he never worked, but he is in the room, what claims? The shower was the same latest system, the water was not regulated, and I first scalded and then stiffened. But this is all nonsense compared to the views of Lake Pleshcheyevo.
I am a simple person, but sometimes I am drawn to lofty thoughts. All of us, people, are a small particle of God, His spark. In rare moments, rare places, such places of Power, we suddenly feel it, and we merge with the world, become its part, the hands of God on earth, and from the heart and from the palms it seems like a ray of such power beats that it is he who illuminates these clouds. There is no death, no pain and disease, nothing at all, except for This, of which we are a small part.
