What are the names of lakes. Description of Baikal - the deepest lake in Russia. Lake Peipus - the majesty of the dunes

Most large lakes Russia January 14th, 2012

The lakes of Russia are one of the national treasures of our Motherland. They can be large and small, freshwater and salty, deep and shallow. Let's figure out what the largest lakes in Russia and why!

The Caspian Sea is

the largest lake

Not only in Russia, but throughout the world. It is located on the border of Asia and Europe and washes the shores of 5 countries (Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan). The area of ​​the Caspian Sea is approximately 371,000 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of 1025 meters. The waters of this lake are salty. According to one theory, the Caspian Sea got its name thanks to the ancient tribes - the Caspians, who lived in the southwest of the coast.

This is the deepest (about 1640 meters) lake of our planet, located in Eastern Siberia. The area of ​​Baikal is more than 31,700 square kilometers and it is the largest reservoir of fresh water (90% of Russia's fresh water reserves). It is also worth noting that the waters of this lake are unusually clean and transparent, and in old times- were considered curative.

Ladoga lake lies on the territory of the Leningrad region and Karelia. Its area is more than 17.6 thousand square kilometers, and greatest depth- 230 meters, it is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe. 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and the Neva originates. It is home to about 60 species of fish, half of which are of industrial importance.

This lake is located on the territory of Karelia, Vologda and Leningrad regions. Square Lake Onega- about 9,700 square kilometers, with the greatest depth - 127 meters. "Onego-father" - this is how the people call this lake, it is famous clean water and many historical monuments located on its banks.

Taimyr Lake is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the Taimyr Peninsula and is the northernmost lake in the world. Most year, this lake is covered with ice. Due to fluctuations in the water level, the area of ​​this lake can vary, and reach 4,560 square kilometers, and the maximum depth can reach 26 meters. The flora of Taimyr is represented by arctic fish species.

This lake is located on Far East Russia and borders on China. The greatest depth of Lake Khanka is about 11 meters, and the area is 4,070 square kilometers. Due to its location, it attracts a large number of tourists who can get acquainted with the culture and customs of two countries at once. About 75 species of fish live in the waters of this lake, and even some of them are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Chany is a salt lake located in Novosibirsk region. The area of ​​the lake, according to various sources, varies from 1400 to 2000 square kilometers, and its greatest depth is 7 meters. There have been legends about this lake for a long time, one of which says that a huge snake lives in it, devouring people and cattle. Of course, there is no scientific evidence and information for this, perhaps this is just a legend created to attract tourists.

This lake is in Vologda region. The area of ​​this lake can fluctuate, mainly due to low banks, and amount to about 1,284 square kilometers. Average depth White Lake - is about 5-7 meters, but because of the underwater pits - can reach up to 10-12 meters. This lake is home to about 29 species of fish, making it a "paradise" for fishermen.

Topozero - is located in the north of Karelia, in the Loukhsky district. The lake has a winding coastline, and its area is 986 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of up to 56 meters. Topozero is a favorite place for kayakers, and especially for fishermen.

This lake is in Novgorod region Russia. The area of ​​Lake Ilmen is 982 square kilometers, but depending on the water level - may vary. Its maximum depth can reach up to 10 meters. Many legends are associated with the name of this lake, among which there is a myth about the Scythian princes Ruse and Slovene, who named this lake in honor of their sister, Ilmera.

This is not the whole list of lakes located on the vast territory of our Motherland.

Lakes of Russia. General characteristics of the lakes of Russia.

Lakes of Russia, general characteristics. Table.

The largest, largest lakes in Russia with an area of ​​​​over 500 km 2 are the European part.

The largest, largest lakes in Russia with an area of ​​​​over 500 km 2 - the Asian part (Siberia)

The largest and largest lakes in Russia. List (pivot table).

The list of the largest lakes in Russia is larger than 200 km², in descending order of area:

The deepest lakes in Russia. List (table)

List of the deepest lakes in Russia deeper than 20 m, in descending order of depth:

Notes:

1. In case of exact coincidence of depths, the lake is indicated above, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is smaller (more compact at the same maximum depth)
2. The table "The deepest lakes in Russia" was compiled by the author of the article from various sources. Special thanks to site visitors for additions. Each proposed lake in Russia is checked and added to the list.

Top 10. The largest and largest lakes in Russia. Titles and descriptions.

1. The Caspian Sea-Lake - the first place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (371,000 km 2).

The main characteristics of the Caspian Sea in numbers. Table.

Description of the Caspian Sea - the largest and largest lake in Russia.

The Caspian Sea is unique in its own way: it has features of both a lake and a sea.

Signs of the Caspian Sea as a lake:

Does not give its runoff to the oceans;

Does not connect with the seas of the oceans;

It is a "closed, natural depression in the land, filled with water", i.e. lake.

Signs of the Caspian Sea as a sea:

Huge size;

Salty water;

Oceanic crust forming southern part its basins.

The natural wealth of the largest lake in Russia and the world has long attracted many nations here. Cimmerians, Cumans, Scythians, Sarmatians, Arabs, Turks, Persians, Khazars and many other peoples lived here. Along the Caspian ran the ancient trade routes. On them there was a resettlement of the people, and there was a trade.

Each of the peoples called the Caspian in their own way. The ancient Greeks called it the Hyrcanian or Persian Sea, the Assyrians - the East, the Chinese - the West. Among the Arabs, it was known under the name of the Horosan or Khazar Sea; Tatars called it Ak-Dengiz (White Sea). In ancient Russian chronicles, the Caspian Sea was called Khvalynsky or Derbent.

Among the many names, one has survived - modern. It comes from a disappeared people - the Caspians (horse breeders) who once lived on its shores.

The Caspian Sea feeds the most long river Europe - Volga. In addition to it, the Urals, Emba, Terek, Kura bring their waters to the Caspian.

The water level in the Caspian Sea is subject to large and long fluctuations. And although this feature was noticed in ancient times, the reasons for this have not been fully elucidated. At present, the water level in the Caspian Sea is 27.5 meters below the level of the World Ocean.

2. Lake Baikal - the second place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (31,500 2).

The main characteristics of Lake Baikal in numbers. Table.

Description of Baikal - the deepest lake in Russia.

Lake Baikal- one of the most amazing natural objects on our planet. It is the deepest, the largest in terms of volume of fresh water, and the most unique in terms of the uniqueness of the organic world. There is no other body of water on Earth so large, so far from the ocean. The lake basin has tectonic origin, as evidenced by its elongated shape.

A huge mass of water keeps heat for a long time and does not freeze for a long time. In December, and sometimes in January, separate ice floes still walk along the surface of the reservoir. The lake opens in mid-May. The thickness of the ice by this time reaches one meter.

In summer, one of the largest and largest lakes in Russia and the world - Baikal is harsh and angry. Winds and storms bring a lot of trouble to ship captains and fishermen. Each of the winds has its own name: barguzin, kultuk, gloss, sarma, siver, shelonnik, etc. Baikal surpasses the Black Sea in the number of stormy days. The height of waves during a storm can reach 4 meters.

There are legends about Baikal water. Nowhere in the world is there such soft, chemically pure, oxygen-rich and healthy water. The following fact is interesting: the water in Baikal is fresher than the water of the rivers and streams flowing into it. Each liter contains less than 0.1 g of dissolved minerals - calcium, magnesium, silicon.

Due to the small amount of impurities, the water in Baikal is the most transparent in the world. The white disk used to determine the transparency of water is visible to a depth of 40-45 meters. For comparison, we note that in Lake Ladoga it disappears from view when submerged to 10 meters, in Sevan - to 20 meters, in the Caspian Sea - to 25 meters.

In terms of the diversity of the organic world, the deepest lake in Russia and the world - Baikal can compete with tropical seas. More than 2.5 thousand species of animals and plants live in Baikal. At the same time, about 2/3 of them are not found anywhere else.

The unique organic world contributes to the preservation of purity Baikal waters. Tiny epishura crustaceans filter water through the mesh of their antennae and catch organisms that cause the water to “bloom”. Diatoms extract silicon from the water and build their elegant shells from it. Scientists have calculated that algae take 400-500 thousand tons of silicon annually.

3. Lake Ladoga - the third place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (17,703 km 2).

The main characteristics of Lake Ladoga in numbers. Table.

Description of Lake Ladoga Russia - the third of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Lake Ladoga is located in the northwest of the European part of Russia. Related to the pool Baltic Sea Atlantic Ocean.

Origin.

Once upon a time, about 9 thousand years ago, Ladoga was part of the sea. Then with the advent Karelian Isthmus, the lake separated and began to take on a life of its own.

Ladoga is the largest lake in Europe by area. Its area is about 18,000 sq. km. The shores are mostly flat and low, only in the north a lot of narrow and long bays protrude into the shore, formed as a result of glacier processing.

According to the terms of navigation, Ladoga is equated to the seas. Class “M” ships sail here, i.е. marine.

The area is divided into four parts:
Northern Ladoga region - southern Karelia;
Eastern Ladoga region - Olonets region of Karelia;
Southern Ladoga - Kirovsky and Volkhov districts of the Leningrad region;
Western Ladoga - Karelian Isthmus.

Islands.

Lake Ladoga has a lot of islands, the third largest and largest lake in Russia has about 660 of them. Most of the islands lie in the northern part. The most significant of them are Riekkalansari, Mantsinsari, Kilpola, and Valaam. Valaam Island is known for its Valaam monastery, which was in the past one of the Russian fortresses.

Winter ice.

With the onset of winter, Lake Ladoga begins to freeze gradually. Frequent storms break open the fragile ice, as a result of which the surface of the reservoir begins to be a chaos of broken ice and supercooled water. As a result, the ice of the largest lake in the European part of Russia is uneven, bumpy, with hummocks. The height of the latter can reach the height of a 5-storey building! The reservoir is freed from the ice cover in early May.

Historical facts.

Since ancient times, people have lived along the banks of Ladoga, but they began to develop it relatively recently. The northern beauty of Russia is famous for its storms, violent temper, strong winds and only the bravest warriors could travel on its waves. Such were the Scandinavians - the first sailors of the big lake in Russia.

Later along south coast the path "from the Varangians to the Greeks" was laid.

On geographical maps with the light hand of the German scientist Sebastian Munster, Ladoga began to be celebrated in 1544.

However, a thorough study of the banks of the Ladoga region was undertaken only in 1858-1866. staff captain A.P. Andreev. For this expedition, the officer was awarded the gold and silver medals of the Russian Geographical Society.

4. Lake Onega - the fourth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (9,616 km 2).

The main characteristics of Lake Onega in numbers. Table.

Description of Lake Onega - the fourth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Lake Onega is the fourth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia - located on the territory of the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. Refers to the Baltic Sea basin of the Atlantic Ocean. About 80% of the lake's area is located in the Republic of Karelia, 20% - in the Leningrad and Vologda regions.

Geographic feature.

Lake Onega in terms of area is the second of the largest and largest freshwater lakes in Europe after Ladoga.

Despite the fact that the area of ​​Lake Onega is almost twice less area Ladoga, it is 50 km longer than the last one.

The shape of the lake is very bizarre: it resembles a certain mythical creature with several tentacles, resembling either a trunk or a claw.

Etymology.

One of the interpretations of the name of the reservoir claims that the word "onego" in the ancient Finnish language means "smoking lake". This name appeared from the frequent fogs creeping over the water.

Origin.

Both Ladoga and Onega lakes are related not only by the fact that they are the largest and largest in Europe and are located not far from each other. The main thing is that they appeared almost simultaneously, after the retreat of the last glaciers. Large tectonic depressions, occupied by the basins of lakes, existed in the pre-glacial period. The advancing glaciers plowed the bottoms of the lake basins, making them more even, processed coastal cliffs. Thus, according to the method of origin of the basins, these reservoirs are classified as glacial-tectonic.

Islands.

Within the fourth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia - Lake Onega, there are more than one and a half thousand islands. The shores of most of them are indented with bays and bays, and they themselves are covered with dense forests. The largest of them are Klimetsky, Suysari. The most famous - Kizhi - is a nature reserve, famous for its wooden monuments of folk architecture.

Flowing rivers.

Numerous rivers replenish big lake Russia with water. Among them are Shuya, Suna, Andoma, Vytegra. The water level depends on how much water the rivers bring. In the spring, when the snow melts, the tributaries become high-water and intensively feed the lake. His level is rising. By the middle of summer, the water level gradually decreases.

5. Lake Taimyr - the fifth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (4,560 km 2).

The main characteristics of the lake. Taimyr in numbers. Table.

Description of Lake Taimyr - the fifth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Lake Taimyr is located far beyond the Arctic Circle and is the largest and largest northern lake in Russia and the world. It is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the Taimyr Peninsula at the foot of the Byrranga Mountains.

Description of the coastline.

The shores of the largest and largest northern lake in Russia differ greatly from each other: if in the north the shores are heavily indented, represented by rocks up to 100 meters high, then in the south the shores are gentle, sandy and pebbly.

rocks north coast subject to constant destruction due to severe frosts inherent in these edges. During the short summer, the snow in the hollows of the rocks melts and seeps into small cracks. In winter, the water freezes and the ice breaks seemingly impregnable rocks. As a result of such long-term work of water and frost, large blocks come off the rocks of the northern lake of Russia and fall into the water.

Depth and structural features of the bottom.

The bottom of the lake Taimyr is mostly flat, only in some places there are quite deep basins. The average depth of the largest and largest northern lake in Russia and the world is small - 2.8 meters.

Power type.

The nutrition of Lake Taimyr is mixed: snow and rain. Melt waters are brought by flowing rivers.

Climate.

As befits the northernmost lake in Russia and the world, the climate here is harsh. Lake water in the warmest time of the year, in August, has an average temperature of 7 ° C, in winter the water temperature is great depths about 1 °C. IN winter time year, the water freezes in many places to the very bottom, freezing lasts from September to June.

Origin.

The Upper Taimyr River flows into Lake Taimyr, and the Lower Taimyr River flows out. But if you look at it, the entire chain of Upper Taimyr - Lake Taimyr - Lower Taimyr is one river. It's just that the river, having met a large pit on its way, spread out and occupied its entire area.

Then the ice sheet that covered the Byrranga mountains melted and a fissure opened up through the mountains. Through this crack, the waters of the lake, forming the Lower Taimyr River, rushed into the Kara Sea.

But quite in ancient times, when the ocean level was higher than at present, there was a sea on the site of the largest and largest northern lake in Russia. This is evidenced by numerous, inherent only sea ​​water, species of flora and fauna found in the lake.

6. Lake Khanka - the sixth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (4,190 km 2).

The main characteristics of the lake. Khanka. Table.

Description of the lake Khanka - the largest and largest Far Eastern lake in Russia.

Location.

Khanka - the largest and largest far eastern lake Russia. It is located on the border of the Primorsky Territory of Russia and the Heilongjiang province of China on the Khanka lowland at an altitude of 68 meters above sea level. Northern part The reservoir belongs to the territory of China. Near the lake Khanka is located on the lake. Malaya Khanka, separated by alluvial deposits.

Form.

The lake is shaped like a pear, with a wide part facing north.

surface area.

The surface area of ​​a lake depends on climatic conditions. In wet years, the water level rises, and the surface area increases to five thousand square meters. km. In dry years, it is reduced to 4 thousand square meters. km. The banks are mostly swamps. Wetlands are found only in the northwest.

Depth.

The sixth largest and large lake Russia is shallow. Depths of 1-3 m predominate, the maximum is -10.6 m, and the average depth is 4.5 meters.

Inflowing and flowing rivers.

24 rivers flow into Lake Khanka, but only one flows out - the Sungacha, which connects it with the Ussuri, and that, in turn, with the Amur. On average, the runoff to Khanka is 1.94 km3 per year, of which about 1.85 km3.

Interesting Facts.

On the largest and largest east lake Russia organized the international Russian-Chinese Khanka reserve.

7. Lake Peipus-Pskovskoye - the seventh place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (3,555 km 2).

The main characteristics of Lake Peipus-Pskov. Table.

Description of Lake Peipus-Pskov - the seventh of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location. Lake Peipus-Pskovskoye is located on the border of Russia (north-west of the Pskov region) and Estonia.

Origin.

Chudsko-Pskovskoye Lake has glacial origin. Retreating, the glacier left behind huge piles of rubble, stone, sand and other material - moraine. In the depressions of the moraine-hilly relief, water collected and a bizarre-shaped reservoir with swampy shores formed.

Physical characteristics.

Water surface area is 3550 km 2, of which 2100 km 2 of the reservoir belongs to the Pskov region, the rest - to Estonia.

Depth the seventh largest lake in Russia - the maximum is 15.3 meters, the average is 7.1 m.

Form.

Lake Peipus-Pskovskoe consists of three parts:

• Lake Peipsi
• Pskov lake
• A warm lake is a strait connecting the first two parts.

Dimensions.

In terms of size, the seventh of the largest and largest lakes in Russia is the fourth in Europe (after Ladoga (Russia), Onega (Russia) and Lake Venern (Sweden)). Lake Peipsi is 150 km long and 50 km wide.

Inflowing and flowing rivers.

About 30 rivers flow into the lake: Zhelcha, Zadubka, Cherma, Gdovka, Kuna, Torokhovka, Remda, Rovya, Chernaya, Lipenka, Startseva, Borovka, Abizha, Velikaya, Obdyoh, Piusa, Vyhandu, Emajygi, Kodza, Kargaya, Omedu, Tagayygi , Alaiygi. Only one river flows out - the Narva, which flows into the Gulf of Finland.

Islands.

The lake has 29 islands with a total area of ​​25.8 km².

Largest islands:

• Piyrisar Island (7.39 km²), located in the southern part of Lake Peipus,
• Kolpina Island (with an area of ​​11 km²) - in Lake Pskov;
• Kamenka Island (with an area of ​​about 6 km²).

The Crow Island is also known.

The cities of Kallaste and Mustvee are located on the coast of Lake Peipus-Pskov in Russia; 2 km from east coast Lake Peipus - the city of Gdov, 10 km from the lake on the river Velikaya - Pskov.

Economic value.

There are 54 representatives of the coastal aquatic flora in the Pskov-Peipsi Lake. Including the lake is rich in commercial fish species: pike perch, vendace, bream, whitefish, pike, burbot and the famous Pskov smelt.

The lake is navigable, including passenger traffic.

In the coastal strip of Lake Pskov there is a wetland ornithological reserve "Pskovsko-Chudskaya lakeside lowland" - this is the most valuable reserve of many plants and animals rare in the Baltic region, the most important resting and feeding place on the White Sea-Baltic flyway of swans, geese and ducks during their flights.

Historical facts.

On the ice of Lake Peipus on April 5, 1242, the famous battle of the Russian rati of the young prince Alexander Nevsky against the troops of the Livonian Order took place.

8. Lake Ubsu-Nur - the eighth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (3,350 km 2).

The main characteristics of the lake Ubsu-Nur. Table.

Description of Lake Ubsu-Nur - the eighth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Oz. Ubsu-Nur is located on the border of Russia (Republic of Tuva) and Mongolia at an altitude of 753 meters above sea level. The main part of the lake belongs to Mongolia, while Russia has only 12 sq. km of water surface and 10 km of coastline. In the Russian section, three rivers flow into the lake: Irbitey, Kholu and Oruku-Shina. Many other rivers flowing into the reservoir in Mongolia also originate in Russia.

Origin.

During the ice age on the site of the lake. Ubsu-Nur splashed a huge body of water with an area of ​​16 thousand km². But the climate gradually changed, the lake dried up, and now its area has been reduced to 3000 square meters. km.

Coastal characteristics.

The coast of a large and large lake in Russia is characterized by wetlands on both sides. Here they pour their waters into the lake numerous rivers originating in the mountains. The main tributary is the Tes-Khem River. In other places they come close to the water mountain ranges and sand masses.

degree of mineralization.

Lake Ubsu-Nur is salty with water that tastes like sea water. The farther from the mouths of the inflowing rivers, the salt concentration increases. The average salinity of lake water is 18.5 - 19.7 g/l.

Climate type and temperature regime.

The freezing period lasts from October to May. In summer the water warms up to 25°C. The annual fluctuation of air temperature can range from -58 °C in winter to 47 °C in summer. The basin of Lake Ubsu-Nur in Russia is a unique natural laboratory, in which several natural zones are presented at once. Ubsunursky has been working here for several years. international center biospheric research.

Economic value.

very rich animal world lake basin - in the vicinity of one of the largest lakes in Russia, there are 173 species of birds and 41 species of mammals, 29 various kinds fish.

Coastal settlements.

The largest settlement in the vicinity of the lake. Ubsu-Nur - administrative center Ubsunur aimag - the city of Ulaangom (27 km south-west from the coast).

Historical facts.

In the vicinity of the eighth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia, people began to settle several thousand years ago. This is evidenced by many archaeological finds - burial mounds, deer stones, petroglyphs, runic inscriptions, etc. The artifacts found are attributed to the cultures of ancient nomads - the Huns, Mongols, Yenisei Kyrgyz.

In 2003, the eighth of the largest lakes in Russia was included in the list world heritage UNESCO.

9. Lake Chany - the ninth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (2000 km 2). The largest and largest lake in Western Siberia.

The main characteristics of Lake Chany. Table.

Description of Lake Chany - the ninth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Oz. Chany, located in the Baraba lowland, is the largest lake Western Siberia. It is located on the territory of five districts of the Novosibirsk region: Zdvinsky, Barabinsky, Chanovsky, Kupinsky and Chistoozerny.

Origin.

The emergence of Lake Russia Chany is attributed to the end ice age, approximately 10 - 13 thousand years ago.

Physical characteristics.

Chany is 91 km long and 88 km wide. The area of ​​the water surface is not constant and currently, according to various estimates, ranges from 1400 to 2000 km².

The average depth is about 2 meters. The basin of the lake is flat. The vats are shallow, depths up to 2 meters account for 60% total area. The shores are quite low and heavily indented, overgrown with reeds, reeds, sedges and shrubs. The bottom soil is sandy and silty.

Form.

The lake is a system of stretches connected by channels and shallow areas, of which there are three largest: Chinyakhinsky, Tagano-Kazantsevsky and Yarkovsky, differing in water salinity, area, depths, soils, food base.

Inflowing and flowing rivers.

Chany is a salty drainless lake in Russia. Flowing rivers - Kargat, Chulym.

Islands of Lake Chany.

There are about 70 islands on the lake, the largest are Amelkina Griva, Schuldikov, Lezhan, Bear, Cap, Chinyaikha, Cheryomukhovy, Rare. Cheryomushkin, Kobyliy, Perekopny, Bekarev, Kalinov, Chinyaikha, Shipyagin, Round, Kolotov, Kamyshny islands are natural monuments areas, because they have preserved unique landscapes that are the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.

Coastal settlements.

Currently, there are 12 villages on the shores of the largest lake in Western Siberia. Neither of settlements on the shore of the lake Chany does not have the status of a city or an urban-type settlement.

Economic value.

The reservoir is of great fishery importance. The surrounding land is used for haymaking and grazing. Water from the lake is used for technical needs. There is local navigation on the lake. In 1994, Lake Chany in Russia was included in the list of wetlands of world importance.

Climate.

Most of the lake is located in the forest-steppe natural area.
It freezes in the second half of October - the first half of November, opens in May. The maximum recorded water temperature in summer is 28.3 °C. The climate in the lake Chany - continental. The average temperature in January is -19.7 °C, in July - +18.3 °C. The frost-free period lasts from 115 to 120 days. The average annual rainfall is 380 mm. The height of the snow cover is 20-30 cm.

Legends.

There is a legend that a huge snake lives in this lake, which devours people and livestock.

10. White Lake - the tenth place in the list of "The largest and largest lakes in Russia" (1,290 km 2).

The main characteristics of the White Lake. Table.

Description of the White Lake - the tenth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia.

Location.

Beloe Lake is located in the west of the Vologda region of Russia, between Lake Onega and Rybinsk reservoir, roughly halfway between them.
Origin.

Beloe Lake is of tectonic origin, formed as a result of low-amplitude uplifts and subsidences of the earth's crust.

Physical characteristics.

Due to the low shores of the tenth of the largest and largest lakes in Russia, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe reservoir and the coastline have the ability to fluctuate throughout the year. It is very shallow off the coast, in some places the depth does not exceed 1 meter per kilometer. Coastal plants are well developed. The shores are gentle and practically do not have bays and bays, the soils are silty-sandy, there are few rocky ridges.
Form.

White Lake has a rounded shape.

Inflowing and flowing rivers.

About 60 rivers and streams flow into White Lake. The largest tributaries: Kovzha (navigable), Kema, Megra. Only one river flows out - Sheksna, which flows into the Volga.

Climate.

The climate of Belozerye is formed under the influence of air masses of various origins - marine, formed over the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic seas, and continental. The geographical position of the lake contributes to the development of increased wind speed. The number of stormy days during the navigation period can reach 100, and 170 per year.

The maximum air temperature can reach, in exceptional cases, 38°C, and the minimum - 50°C.

There is quite a lot of precipitation - the average annual amount is 650 millimeters. The number of rainy days is sometimes 200 per year.

Economic value.

Beloe Lake is located at the crossroads of Russia's most important waterways. Once upon a time, the ancient Vytegorsko-Belozersky waterway passed here. Since 1964, the White Lake of Russia has been part of the Sheksna reservoir, which is part of the Volga-Baltic waterway. The reservoir is also used for water supply of settlements located on its banks.

Our Motherland - Russia is rich water resources. These are reserves of clean fresh water, and boundless salty seas and lakes. This article is devoted to the largest lakes in Russia. There are a lot of them, we will highlight the ten main ones. And if you are concerned about the question: what is the largest lake in Russia ?, then carefully examining this TOP, you will get an answer to it.

1. Caspian Sea

This lake is considered to be the sea, because it has salty waters and huge sizes. It is the largest lake not only in Russia, but also on the whole planet. Five states are located along its banks: Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan). The territories of Russia washed by this lake are Kalmykia, Dagestan, Astrakhan region. The area of ​​the Caspian Sea is more than 370 thousand square kilometers, and the maximum depth is 1025 meters. It bears its name as a heritage of ancient tribes - the Caspians, who lived in ancient times in the south-west of its coast.

2. Baikal

The second largest lake in Russia. This is the largest freshwater lake. It is located in Eastern Siberia on the territory of Buryatia and Irkutsk region. Baikal is the deepest lake on the planet. Its maximum depth is 1640 meters. The area of ​​this lake is more than 315,000 sq. km., it is the main reservoir of fresh water in Russia (90% of the total reserves). The Angara River flows out of Baikal. The waters of this beautiful lake are clean and fresh. As long as we have something to be proud of.

Located on the territory of the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad region, a large lake with an area of ​​17,600 square kilometers impresses with its beauty and picturesque nature. Lake Ladoga is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe, with a maximum depth of 230 meters. 35 are drawn to his bosom major rivers, and the proud Neva flows out of it. Industrial and private fishing flourishes on Lake Ladoga, this is facilitated by the abundance of various types of fish.

4. Lake Onega

freshwater lake on the territory of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. Numerous monuments of Russian culture are located along its wide banks. Pure water"Onego-fathers", as it is lovingly called by the people, extends over 9616 sq. km and has the greatest depth of 127 meters. The Svir River flows out of the lake.

The lake is spread over Krasnoyarsk Territory on 4560 sq. km. it is located on the peninsula of the same name. Taimyr is the most northern lake Earth. The depth and width of the lake varies depending on the density of the ice and the time of year, but in general the most deep place- 26 meters. Mostly in the Taimyr Lake there are arctic fish species adapted to survive in harsh cold conditions.

6. Khanka

The lake is located in Primorye, on the border with China. A favorite place for tourists who want to visit both the Far East of Russia and China, and get acquainted with the culture and customs of two countries at once, so dissimilar to each other.
The maximum depth of Khanka is 11 meters, and the area is about 4070 sq. km. The lake is rich in its fauna, but many species of fish are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and are prohibited for catching.

Located in the Pskov region. It has an area of ​​3550 sq. km and the greatest depth - 15 km. The river Narva originates from it.

8. Ubsu Nur

In Tuva, this salty, beautiful lake With unusual name. Its area is 3350 sq. km, and the maximum depth reaches 15 meters.

9. Lake Chany

Salt lake in the Novosibirsk region. There is a legend that a huge snake lives in this lake, which devours people. And what? There is plenty of room to roam. After all, the area of ​​this lake varies, reaching 2000 sq. km, and the depth in some places is 12 meters. And although, perhaps, these are fairy tales for tourists, the lake fascinates with its lively beauty.

10. White Lake

Fresh lake, located in the Vologda region, covers an area of ​​​​about 1290 square kilometers, reaches a maximum depth of 20 meters, although the shore of the White Lake is rather low and its average depth is 5-7 meters. The Sheksna River flows from its bowels. The lake is rich in fish, and happy fishermen fish up to 30 different species of fish.

We have listed some of the many lakes located on the territory of our country. As you can see, Karelia is the richest area in Russia with lakes. Lucky!

Well, the smallest lake in Russia has not yet bothered to get its name. Apparently, because there are thousands of such lakes in Russia! Someone calls them by the names of the surrounding villages. The official version of the smallest lake is Lake Ertso, on the territory of South Ossetia. Every 3-5 years, the lake completely goes underground, as if it never existed, and after a while it reappears with a solemn look. A kind of "ghost". In high water, it reaches 0.5 sq. km. This is such an unusual lake.

The lakes of Russia are one of the national treasures of our Motherland. They can be large and small, freshwater and salty, deep and shallow. Let's figure out what the largest lakes in Russia and why!

1

The Caspian Sea is

Not only in Russia, but throughout the world. It is located on the border of Asia and Europe and washes the shores of 5 countries (Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan). The area of ​​the Caspian Sea is approximately 371,000 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of 1025 meters. The waters of this lake are salty. According to one theory, the Caspian Sea got its name due to the ancient tribes - the Caspians, who lived in the southwest of the coast.

2

This is the deepest (about 1640 meters) lake of our planet, located in eastern Siberia. The area of ​​Baikal is more than 31,700 square kilometers and it is the largest reservoir of fresh water (90% of Russia's fresh water reserves). It is also worth noting that the waters of this lake are unusually clean and transparent, and in ancient times they were considered healing.

3

Lake Ladoga lies on the territory of the Leningrad region and Karelia. Its area is more than 17.6 thousand square kilometers, and the greatest depth is 230 meters, it is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe. 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and the Neva originates. It is home to about 60 species of fish, half of which are of industrial importance.

4

This lake is located on the territory of Karelia, Vologda and Leningrad regions. The area of ​​Lake Onega is about 9,700 square kilometers, with the greatest depth being 127 meters. "Onego-father" - this is how the people call this lake, famous for its clean water and many historical monuments located on its shores.

Taimyr Lake is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the Taimyr Peninsula and is the northernmost lake in the world. Most of the year, this lake is covered with ice. Due to fluctuations in the water level, the area of ​​this lake can vary, and reach 4,560 square kilometers, and the maximum depth can reach 26 meters. The flora of Taimyr is represented by arctic fish species.

6

This lake is located in the Far East of Russia and borders on China. The greatest depth of Lake Khanka is about 11 meters, and the area is 4,070 square kilometers. Due to its location, it attracts a large number of tourists who can get acquainted with the culture and customs of the two countries at once. About 75 species of fish live in the waters of this lake, and even some of them are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

7

Chany is a salt lake located in the Novosibirsk region. The area of ​​the lake, according to various sources, varies from 1400 to 2000 square kilometers, and its greatest depth is 7 meters. There have been legends about this lake for a long time, one of which says that a huge snake lives in it, devouring people and cattle. Of course, there is no scientific evidence and information for this, perhaps this is just a legend created to attract tourists.

8

This lake is located in the Vologda region. The area of ​​this lake can fluctuate, mainly due to low banks, and is about 1,284 square kilometers. The average depth of the White Lake is about 5-7 meters, but due to underwater pits it can reach up to 10-12 meters. This lake is home to about 29 species of fish, making it a "paradise" for fishermen.

9

Topozero is located in the north of Karelia, in the Loukhsky district. The lake has a winding coastline, and its area is 986 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of up to 56 meters. Topozero is a favorite place for kayakers, and especially fishermen.

10

This lake is located in the Novgorod region of Russia. The area of ​​Lake Ilmen is 982 square kilometers, but depending on the water level, it may vary. Its maximum depth can reach up to 10 meters. Many legends are associated with the name of this lake, among which there is a myth about the Scythian princes Rus and Slovene, who named this lake in honor of their sister, Ilmera.

This is not the whole list of lakes located on the vast territory of our Motherland.

There are many lakes on our planet. For the formation of a lake, it is necessary that a hollow appear on the surface of the earth - a closed depression, and it would be filled with water. Some lakes fill up only during the wet seasons and remain dry for the rest of the year. They're called temporary.

Origin of lakes

According to their origin, lakes are divided into two main types: natural And artificial. Artificial lakes are created by people. Usually these are reservoirs built in river valleys. The basins of natural lakes, in turn, have a different origin:

• tectonic formed as a result of faults in the earth's crust;
• glacial formed in areas subjected to continental glaciation;
• volcanic lakes appeared in craters extinct volcanoes;
• oxbow lakes occur in the floodplains of rivers when they change their direction.

Fresh and salty

Water in lakes is fresh, brackish And salty or mineral. Those lakes into which rivers carry a lot of water are fresh. In them, for example, in Baikal, Ladoga and Onega, the salinity of the water is about 1%. The water of brackish lakes has a salinity of 1 to 25%. For example, the salinity of water in Issyk-Kul is 5-8%, and in the Caspian Sea - 10-12%. Salt or mineral lakes are called lakes, the water in which has a salinity of more than 25%. Thus, the salinity of the Dead Sea, lakes Elton and Baskunchak is 200-300%. Salt lakes tend to form in dry areas where evaporation is high.

Although the Dead Sea is called a sea, it is in fact an endorheic lake. Moreover, the concentration of salt in it is so high that a person can calmly lie on its surface on his back.

Some of them are so salty that the salt precipitates and settles to the bottom.

It is believed that what fresher water, the cleaner it is. Lake Baikal is filled with the freshest water in the world, and therefore the cleanest. It contains many millions of microscopic living organisms - this is more than in any other fresh water bodies.

The Dead Sea got its name not by chance: neither fish nor other organisms live in its water. The high salt content is the main reason for this.

Waste and closed

Rivers flow from the surrounding area into the lake. Rivers flow from some lakes, but not from others. Those from which at least one river flows are called sewage, and those from which none follows, - drainless. Waste lakes include Baikal, Ladoga and Onega, and endorheic lakes include Balkhash, Chad, Issyk-Kul, and the Dead Sea. Aral and Caspian Sea Same drainless lakes but because of them large sizes and a sea-like regime, these bodies of water are conditionally considered seas. There are so-called deaf lakes, for example, formed in the craters of volcanoes. Rivers do not flow into them and do not flow out of them.