What are salt lakes. The saltiest body of water in the world

Salt lakes are found throughout Russia. They are predominantly drainless, which means that minerals and salts are not washed out. Over time, the proportions of substances can change under the influence of various factors. According to the degree of mineralization, the lakes are divided into brackish, salty and salty.

Salt lakes are formed in many ways, for example, some in the past were bays of the seas or salt quarries. Sometimes they dry up, leaving islands of sediments on the surface, but in a favorable season they are filled with water again. The depth is also rarely great, although there are exceptions.

The advantage of such lakes for tourists is therapeutic and cosmetic mud. In most cases, you can use the mud without a doctor's prescription, but it is better to consult a specialist. It is not surprising that sanatoriums and recreation centers have been built on the coast of many lakes.

Salt lakes are analogues of the Dead Sea in Russia!

The largest, most beautiful and popular for rest and treatment among tourists. List with titles and a brief description.

Baskunchak

Salt Lake Astrakhan region. Area - 106 km², maximum depth- 3 m. Territorially included in the Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky Reserve. There are deposits of healing clays and mud. Rapa is used for bathing. Salt deposits are visible to the naked eye. A sanatorium of the same name was built on the coast. Best time for a visit - summer. Two tourist routes have been laid around the lake.

Elton

Is in Volgograd region near the border with Kazakhstan. The area is 152 km². This is the biggest salt Lake in Russia. The depth varies significantly depending on the season, but does not exceed the limit of one and a half meters. The concentration of salts is so high that they precipitate. Mineralization is one of the highest in the world. Works on the shore balneological resort, using local mud, and in the village nearby - the sanatorium "Elton".

Koyashskoye

Lake south coast Kerch Peninsula. The area is a little more than 5 km², average depth- less than a metre. Koyashskoye is separated from the Black Sea by a narrow isthmus. Salty water has a pink color that changes its shades throughout the year. The phenomenon is explained by the presence of brine and aquatic vegetation. Salt deposits are clearly visible on the stones. It is part of the Opuksky Reserve. These places are most picturesque in May.

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The lake originated in Orenburg region from the flooding of the salt quarry. A modest area of ​​6.8 hectares is complemented by an impressive maximum depth of 22 m. The water is considered curative, especially useful for people with skin problems. The salt concentration is comparable to the Dead Sea. This prevents the formation of an ice crust even in very coldy. In the past, Razval had the status of a natural monument.

Big Yarovoe

Located in the west Altai Territory. The area is up to 70 km², the maximum depth is up to 8 m. Since the food is snow, the dimensions change according to different times of the year. The salinity of the water decreases over the years. At the same time, the chemical composition is still comparable to the Dead Sea. Since 1972, a sanatorium has been operating near the coast, using silt mud and brine to medical procedures.

vats

Most big lake Western Siberia belongs to the territory Novosibirsk region. The area is up to 2269 km², the maximum depth is 10 m. Chany is a system of reaches, which are connected by shallow sections and channels. There are about 70 islands. In terms of tourism, it is popular as a place for fishing and hunting for waterfowl. There are recreation centers on the coast. In the north of the lake, the Kirzinsky reserve was created.

Sasyk-Sivash

The largest lake in Crimea. Area - more than 73 km², maximum depth - 1.2 m. Separated from the sea by an isthmus. Salt is mined on this strip of land and sea ​​sand. The color of the water is pink, in some seasons it becomes even more saturated, turning into red. Seething on the surface - salt water emissions. Mud is used for medical procedures, and algae in cosmetology.

Big Yashaltinskoye

Located in the Republic of Kalmykia. The area is 40 km², the average depth is half a meter. The lake can be called shallow, which is explained by the structure of its almost flat bowl. Belongs to the Manych lake group. In the summer months, there are many vacationers, but mostly locals. Healing mud and well-heated water potentially give hope for the development of the tourism industry here.

Saki

One of the most popular lakes in Crimea. The area is 9.7 km², the average depth is a little more than half a meter. It is separated from the Black Sea by a strip of land. West Side- raw material base, eastern - recreational. Local black sludge is used to treat hormonal problems, skin infections and other diseases. 15 sanatoriums have been built in the district. The most famous are named after Budenko and named after Pirogov.

Dus-Khol (Svatikovo)

Located in the central part of Tuva. The translation of the name is "salt lake". The area is 55 hectares, the average depth is 2 m. The coast is actively used for recreation in the warm season. There are many visitors, so the infrastructure is gradually developing. A cafe was built in the form of a yurt with appropriate decoration. There are sanatoriums, camping, places for setting up tents. Rapa and mud are used for all kinds of procedures.

Salty (Zavialovskie lakes)

There are 330 lakes on an area of ​​220 thousand hectares in the Altai Territory. Salty, rich in mud deposits and mineral waters, stands out among them. Silt deposits have different colors and properties. The entrance to the water is not always convenient, as tourists dig holes near the shore to extract mud. There is a recreation center called "Salt Lake". There is parking, places for tents, small shops, rental houses.

Like-hol

Refers to the territory of Tuva. The translation of the name is “swampy lake”. The area is 2.2 km², the maximum depth is a little more than half a meter. Swimming here will not work - shallow water. But tourists come for mud therapy, they smear themselves with silt right on the shore of the reservoir. There is little vegetation around, salt marshes, salt deposits and small swamps. An attraction nearby is Dus-Khol Lake.

Kiran

It is located in Buryatia and has a more common name - "Salty". The area is 0.4 km², the maximum depth is a meter. Not only does the volume of water vary from month to month, heavy rainfall can significantly affect surface area. Exploration of the lake began in 1700. Now the most popular institution here is the Kiran mud bath. In 1980, the status of a natural monument was received.

Hadyn

Salt lake in Tyva. The name translates as "birch". The area is 2.3 thousand hectares, the average depth is 2 m. The river of the same name flows into it. The shores are dark with distinct white stripes - salt deposits. Because of mineral composition There is no fish here, and there are also few insects and birds. Mud and water can be used to treat and prevent diseases, but tourism is still underdeveloped.

ebates

The largest salt lake Omsk region. The area is up to 11 thousand hectares, the maximum depth is 2 m. The sizes are changeable, depending on precipitation and season. Despite the high mineralization and large deposits of therapeutic mud, there are no hospitals and recreation centers here. Tourism is wild, there are not so many visitors. Constant collection of cysts of crustaceans is carried out. Since 1979, the reservoir has been declared a natural monument.

Salty

Is in Krasnodar Territory, near the village of Veselovka. Until the 1950s, salt was mined here. The mud lies at the bottom in layers, you can easily fall through to the ankle. Procedures should not be longer than 15 minutes. Tourists wash off the dried crust from themselves, usually into the sea, since the beach is within walking distance. Nearby are located mud volcanoes Hephaestus and Tizdar.

Kulunda

The largest lake in the Altai Territory. The area is 728 km², the maximum depth is 4 m. The coast is relatively smooth and even, with the exception of the eastern part. There are many islands, bays, broken lines. On the east side there are many comfortable sandy areas for recreation. Residual reservoir - formed after the shallowing of a large lake basin.

Bulukhta

Located in the Volgograd region. The translation of the name is “spring”, also called Bitter-Salty. The area is 77 km². The shores are indented, partially swampy, there is a layer of Glauber's salt. The muddy bottom is uneven, you can fall through. Of the islands, the largest was named Small. There are rare species in the area, for example, the Imperial Eagle. Attraction nearby: Lake Elton.

tambucan

It is part of two subjects of the Russian Federation at once: Stavropol Territory and Kabardino-Balkaria. Pyatigorsk is only 9 km away. The area is 170 hectares, the average depth is 2 m. The composition of the mud is comparable to the sediments of the Dead Sea. You can’t drink water, it will cause health problems, but swimming is allowed, only for a short time. There are no fish, as well as nesting birds. Tourists are repelled by the unpleasant smell emanating from Tambukan.

Raspberry

Located in the Altai Territory. The area is 11.4 km². A tourist base has been built on the coast. Since 2013, the reservoir has been included in the Big Tourist Golden ring Altai Territory" - popular a tourist route. Deposits of therapeutic mud attract those wishing to spend wellness procedures. Temperature fluctuations happen all the time, this must be taken into account when planning a trip.

bearish

Refers to Kurgan region. The area is 61.3 km², the maximum depth is 1.2 m. The increased salinity and mineralization of the water caused the lack of fish and aquatic vegetation. The lake is divided into Big and Small by six islands. A resort of the same name was built on the coast. Mud is used for treatment, as a prophylactic and to raise the general tone of the body.

Khanskoe

Salt Lake Krasnodar Territory. The area is 86 km², the maximum depth does not reach even a couple of meters. In the past, the reservoir was a bay Sea of ​​Azov. Periodically dries up, exposing salt crusts. Due to the healing properties of the mud, it is taken under protection. The sanatoriums of the city of Yeysk use local silt deposits in a wide range of procedures. Since 1988 it has the status of a natural monument.

Tus

Bitter-salty lake of Khakassia. The area is 2.6 km², the maximum depth is 2 m. The reservoir is gradually desalinated. Salt does not completely dissolve in water, which is why a sediment in the form of a crust forms at the bottom. work tourist bases, including Sunrise. The area is considered a resort of regional importance. Attraction nearby - object cultural heritage Tus Burial Ground.

bitter

It is located in the Novosibirsk region near the village of Novoklyuchi. The area is a little less than 7 km². north coast more suitable for recreation. Mud deposits have high performance in terms of mineral composition. They are black, oily with a distinct smell of hydrogen sulfide. It treats skin diseases, nervous system, respiratory organs and so on. There is a wellness complex of the same name.

Ulzhai

It is located in the southeast of the Omsk region. The area is 14.5 km², the maximum depth is 1.3 m. The northern coast is “multilayered”, the terraces hang over each other. On the other hand, the entrance to the water is more convenient. The thickness of the layer of local mud deposits exceeds half a meter. They are useful in the treatment of many diseases. They are used, among other things, in the Omsky Rehabilitation Center. In 1978, the status of a natural monument was received.

Tinaki

Salt lake a few kilometers from Astrakhan. The name was obtained because of the silt deposits, which are called mud in the district. The pink color of the water is due to the presence of magnesium salts. The area is small, the depth in summer is no more than a meter. A mud treatment resort was built on the shore, and a rehabilitation center of the same name also operates. People come here not only for treatment, but also for cosmetic procedures.

Botkul

It is located on the border between Russia and Kazakhstan. The area is up to 70 km². The reservoir is shallow, periodically dries up. Salt deposits and areas with mud deposits are clearly visible on the surface. There is a persistent smell of hydrogen sulfide in the district, and the territory is covered with salt marshes. There are prospects for the development of several areas of tourism, but so far the potential has not been practically realized.

Chokrakskoye

Crimean salt lake near the village of Kurortnoe. The translation of the name is "spring". The area is 8.5 km², the average depth is less than a meter. It is separated from the Sea of ​​Azov by an embankment. The water is pink in color, its saturation is variable. Deposits and a miniature crustacean gave such a shade. Muds are applicable in cosmetology and treatment. The composition of the water is close to that of the Dead Sea. The lake is part of a nature reserve.

bitter

Salt lake in the Yegoryevsky district of the Altai Territory. The area is a little less than 42 km², the average depth is 3.5 m. The banks are low with easy entry into the water, with the exception of north side where the swamp formed. The channel connects the reservoir with Lake Gorkoe-Peresheechnoe. For a hundred years, the Lebyazhye sanatorium has been operating on its banks, using local mud and mineral water for procedural treatment. The composition of the water is comparable to Essentuki 17.

Moinak

Crimean Lake, located in the west of Evpatoria. The area is 1.76 km², the maximum depth is less than a meter. The territory is considered a resort in every sense. On east coast comfortable beaches. Silty deposits and mud are used for cosmetology and treatment. Water contains useful minerals. There are several sanatoriums, the most popular is the Moynakskoe mud bath.

In this article, we will tell you about the seven largest salty seas and lakes on the entire planet.

More precisely, salt lakes would be more correctly called mineral, since the mineralization of such lakes is more than 1 ppm. Often, salt lakes are endorheic reservoirs located in arid zones. So, let's begin!

Caspian Sea

In terms of size, this drainless salt lake is really more like a sea - 371 thousand square kilometers! Considered the most large lake on the planet. Caspian coast with healing mud sandy beaches, and mineral springs is excellent tourist place for treatment and recreation. But due to some difficulties in the interstate relations of the Caspian countries - Kazakhstan, Iran, Russia and Turkmenistan, tourism in the Caspian Sea is very poorly developed.

Aral Sea

On the border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, there is a former salt lake, the second largest in the world. And the former it, because in the early sixties, the lake began to shallow very quickly, due to the increased water intake for irrigation of cotton fields from the rivers flowing into the Aral Sea - Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya. To date, it has split into 2 small lakes- Southern and Northern Aral.

Dead Sea

On the border of Jordan, the Palestinian Authority and Israel, there is the lowest land area on the planet - the coast Dead Sea. The water in it is mineralized to a gigantic degree, due to which the lake has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times, and today it attracts many tourists.

Great Salt Lake

And in the Western Hemisphere, the largest is Great Salt Lake - a lake of 5 thousand square kilometers. It is located in a desert area in the southwestern United States. Table salt is actively mined on the coast, as well as Glauber's salt - a rather valuable medicinal preparation and chemical reagent.

Elton

One of the largest European salt lakes, and one of the most mineralized on the planet. Located on the territory of the Russian Federation in the Volgograd region, near the border of Kazakhstan. Industrial salt mining was carried out until the end of the 19th century, after which it stopped. Today, a mud and balneological resort has been organized on Lake Elton.

Baskunchak

The main "salt mill" of Russia - about 80 percent of table salt in the country is mined here. It is located in the Astrakhan region in Caspian lowland. Thanks to the deposits of therapeutic clay on the coast of the lake, mud tourism is developed here. Travelers are also attracted by the opportunity to visit the only and very picturesque Bogdo mountain in the Caspian Sea, which, like Lake Baskunchak, is a protected area.

Underwater salt lakes

The objects are located in the Arctic in Gulf of Mexico, and some other places Pacific Ocean. Due to the difference in water density, ocean water flows do not mix, forming a clear boundary, and forming "shores" of underwater salt reservoirs.

There are many wonders in the world, and one of them is salt lakes. In general, it is more correct to call them mineral, since the mineralization of water is taken as the basis. If the well-known sodium chloride is found in one thousandth of the water in the lake, then it immediately ceases to be freshwater and becomes salty. Most often, salt lakes are located in arid areas and do not have drains (they are drainless water bodies that are not connected to the World Ocean through river systems).

In Russia

Caspian Sea. Perhaps the Caspian Sea is the most famous unusual salt lake in the world. By the size of its water area, this body of water belongs more to the category of seas (its length is 371,000 km²), however, by its nature and nature, it is still a lake. The Caspian Sea is a unique natural medical complex, rich in mineral springs and healthy mud. It also produces oil and gas, the transportation of which, however, leads to water pollution.

Aral Sea. This sea-lake is considered to be “former” today, as it became quite shallow as a result of pumping water from the rivers that feed it. Now the reservoir consists of two separate salt lakes - the Southern Aral and the Northern Aral.

Elton. Elton is considered the largest salt lake in Europe. It is also one of the most mineralized in the world. Until the end of the 19th century, table salt was mined here, now Elton is a popular balneological resort.

Baskunchak. At one time, Baskunchak was dubbed the main "salt mill" of Russia, since it was from its depths that about 80% of salt throughout the country was mined and mined (from 1.5 to 5 million tons of salt per year). In addition to salt, Baskunchak is rich in deposits of therapeutic clays, which attract tourists both from other regions of Russia and from abroad.

In the world

Dead Sea (Israel). This salt lake is known all over the world for its medicinal properties. Millions of tourists annually visit the shores of the Dead Sea to improve the body and restore strength. If we compare this reservoir with other points the globe, the atmospheric pressure here is the highest. At the same time, the oxygen content in the air is 15% higher than in the entire Mediterranean. Thanks to these features, the effect of a natural pressure chamber is created.

Great Salt Lake (USA). The Great Salt Lake is considered the largest salt lake in the Western Hemisphere. From the point of view of treatment and tourism, this reservoir is not of particular interest, but in the industrial sector, its resources are used quite actively. Salt and Glauber's salt are mined here.

Uyuni (Bolivia). Uyuni is a dry salt lake, which today is the largest salt marsh in the world (occupies an area of ​​10,588 km²). The interior of this desert is covered with a layer of table salt 2-8 m thick. During the rainy season, the salt marsh is covered with a thin layer of water and turns into the world's largest mirror surface. According to scientists, the salt reserve of Uyuni is 10 billion tons.

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Salt lakes are amazing a natural phenomenon. They are found on all continents, including Antarctica. In Russia and America there are entire zones where there are a lot of such lakes.

largest salt lake

Numerous tourists are interested in this lake, who come to Uyuni to see the incomparable landscapes of the salty desert. They are especially attracted by the diversity of the landscape of Lake Uyuni - this active volcanoes, huge salt deserts, geysers and cactus islands. Residents of nearby villages use the salt of this reservoir for food, make souvenirs from it and even build houses.

Salt lakes of Russia

In the same places there is Lake Bulukhta. This bitter-salty lake is the second in the region after Elton, but it does not have medicinal properties, there is no therapeutic mud in it. Getting to the reservoir is not easy, it is located among the wild nature.

Lake Razval near Sol-Iletsk is another salt lake. The history of this lake is closely connected with the history of the Iletsk deposit. Today it famous resort. The concentration of salt in its water is very high, it is impossible to drown in such a reservoir. The lake was formed at the place where the salt production of the Tuztube mountain was carried out. Its depth is about eighteen meters. The salt concentration in Razval is ten times higher than in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

Baskunchak is a salt lake located at the top salt mountain. This is the saltiest and one of the largest salt lakes in the world. It is located in the Astrakhan region. The wealth of the reservoir - brine and healing clay. This makes the lake interesting for those who want to improve their health.

There are not so many salt lakes in Russia, but others are striking in their size. You can read more about the largest lakes in Russia on the website.

Salt lakes of the Altai Territory

The main property of the lake is brine, which contains many mineral salts. It is impossible to dive headlong into this reservoir due to great content salt in water. His main healing factors– silt mud, water and air. Another large and deep salt lake is Kulunda. No less famous is Raspberry Lake. It owes its name to the fact that in the morning mist in spring its surface acquires exactly a crimson color. The rest of the year it is brown. The water of the reservoir is considered beneficial for the skin.

Salt lakes in America

There are many small salty drainless lakes on the southern plateaus of the Cordilleras. Their level directly depends on the precipitation. These lakes are all that remains of the Bonneville Salt Lake, which almost dried up seventeen thousand years ago.

The most salty lake in the world

There is a desert in Antarctica called the Dry Valleys. It was there that Lake Vida was discovered. It lies under miles of gravel and ice. According to scientists, the water in the lake did not freeze only because of the high content of salt in it. There is no exact data on the content of salt in the lake, presumably it is about 40 percent. It is possible that the reservoir is inhabited. This assumption appeared after frozen bacteria were found in the immediate vicinity of the reservoir.

Don Juan is another lake in Antarctica. It was found by accident in 1961 by helicopter pilots. It was named after them. The salt content in it reaches 40.2 percent, thanks to which it does not freeze even at an incredibly low temperature of 53 degrees. Over the past few decades, the reservoir has significantly decreased in size, and its depth has also decreased. Today, with an area of ​​0.03 sq. km, its depth is only 0.1 m.
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In Russia there are many salt lakes unique in composition and healing properties. Almost every region has a similar reservoir, which has its own special history and is covered with legends. Salt lakes are always popular among vacationers.

Russian salt lakes are in no way inferior to the famous Dead Sea. Let us dwell in more detail on the features of several reservoirs rich in deposits of therapeutic mud and mineral salts.

The largest salt lake in Russia is Kulundinskoye. It is located in the Altai Territory and is even called local residents"Altai Sea". It is considered a slightly saline body of water (salinity is about 11%), after swimming in it, no plaque remains on the body. The diameter of Kulunda Lake is 35 km, so the shores are lost in the distance. In summer, the water temperature can warm up to +26 degrees.

Lake Tambukan is located near Pyatigorsk. There are several tons at the bottom of the lake therapeutic mud, which is systematically mined for use in medicine and cosmetology. It is noteworthy that Tambukan Lake has an almost perfect oval shape.

Baskunchak is located in the Astrakhan region, a little north of the Caspian Sea. It is divided into Upper, Lower and Middle Baskunchak. The reservoir is a kind of depression on the top of a salt mountain, thousands of meters deep into the earth. The area of ​​the lake is 106 km², and its greatest depth is 3 meters. Salinity is 300%. About 1,500 tons of salt are extracted from the lake annually, which is 80% of the total production in the Russian Federation. The deposits of therapeutic mud successfully cure many diseases.

Elton - Europe's largest salt lake is one of the most interesting sights of the Volgograd region. The area of ​​the reservoir is 152 km², the shape is close to a circle. It is self-planting, in the off-season it becomes a refuge for migratory birds. Salinity can range from 200 to 500%. The mineralization of Elton is twice that of the Dead Sea. Mineral salts give the water a golden-pink hue, which is why the name is translated as "golden lake".

Chany is the largest salt reservoir in Western Siberia and is located in the Novosibirsk region. Most of The lake is located in the forest-steppe. The area is 1500-2000 km². There is a legend that says about the presence in the reservoir giant snake devouring bathing people. Resting on the lake is not always safe because in bad weather rise high waves- There have been several deaths.

Bulukhta is the second largest salt lake after Elton in the Volgograd region. It is a bitter-salty drainless reservoir. The boundaries of the lake are constantly changing, the reservoir itself is extremely swampy, has a muddy bottom. Located on the banks of the reservoir rare bird, listed in the Red Book - Imperial Eagle.

Collapse - the reservoir is the main attraction of Sol-Iletsk. The lake is artificial. The concentration of salt in it exceeds 200 grams per liter of water. Because of useful properties water on the shore of the lake there are several health-improving institutions. Interestingly, the rhombuses depicted on the coat of arms of Sol-Iletsk are a reflection of the salt extracted from Lake Razval.

On Russian salt lakes you can not only relax, but also restore your health. As a rule, for some diseases, patients are prescribed not only medication, but also spa treatment. The beneficial effect of salt lakes on the human body, with the help of them, various skin diseases, gynecological, musculoskeletal diseases and others are treated.