Where is Munich located? Munich - a brief history. Marienplatz and New Town Hall

It is the German city of Munich. The population in it has long ago exceeded one million people. Besides, it's quite old. locality, which is the cultural center of the Bavaria region. Let's find out what is the population of Munich, what is its size, demographic characteristics, living conditions and much more.

Geographic location of Munich

Before starting to study the population of Munich, let's find out where this European city is located.

Munich is located in the southeast of Germany in the territory administrative district Upper Bavaria is federal Although Munich is the capital federal state And administrative center districts, but at the same time they are among the 107 cities in Germany with non-district status.

A Brief History of Munich

In order to understand how the population of Munich was formed, you need to look at it through the prism of history.

The history of the appearance of the first settlement in these places dates back to the Early Middle Ages, namely to the 8th century, when monks began to live on the Petersberg hill. They made up the very first population of Munich. Annalistic evidence of Munich appeared only in 1158, but after seventeen years it received the status of a city with all the ensuing privileges. The city was mainly inhabited by the Bavarians - the sub-ethnos of the German people.

In 1240, Munich passed into the possession of Duke Otto the Most Serene of the House of Wittelsbach, who was the ruler of Bavaria and the Palatinate, which were part of the Holy Roman Empire. From that time until 1918, the Wittelsbachs did not lose the right to own the specified city. In 1255, after the division of Bavaria into two parts between the brothers, Munich became the capital of the Duchy of Upper Bavaria. In 1507, Bavaria was again united into a single duchy, but nevertheless Munich did not lose its capital status, remaining the center of the united state. In 1806, Bavaria received the status of a kingdom. Munich reached its real heyday under King Ludwig I, who carried out construction in the city, decorated it, and invited many famous cultural figures here. The city has become real cultural capital southern Germany.

During World War I, the city was bombed by the Entente forces. After the war, the king of Bavaria fled the country, and in 1919 in Munich, Marxist forces proclaimed the creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic. True, less than a month later, Bavaria was returned to Germany (the Weimar Republic).

It is in Munich that the origins of German Nazism originate. Here in 1920 the National Socialist German Workers' Party was founded. In 1923, the Nazis launched an unsuccessful coup d'état in Munich, which became known as the Beer Putsch. In 1933, the Nazis still managed to come to power in Germany through democratic elections. But it should be noted that Munich at the same time became the main center of the anti-Nazi movement among German cities. During the Second World War, the city was repeatedly subjected to air strikes, during which the population of Munich was reduced by at least 25%.

After the end of the war, Munich fell into the American zone of occupation. The city was rebuilt. In 1949, it became part of the newly formed state of the Federal Republic of Germany. Munich became the largest industrial city country, as well as one of its political and cultural centers. In terms of size and population in Germany, this settlement is second only to the capital of the country - the city of Berlin, as well as Hamburg.

Population

Now it's time to determine what population Munich has. This indicator is the base for all other demographic calculations. So, the population of Munich is currently 1526.1 thousand people.

As mentioned earlier, this is the third largest result in Germany by the number of inhabitants. For comparison, 3490.1 thousand people live in Berlin, 1803.8 thousand people live in Hamburg, and 1017.2 thousand people live in the fourth largest city in Germany, Cologne.

Population dynamics

Now let's find out how the population of the city changed in dynamics. Munich mainly increased in this indicator, although there were periods when the number of residents temporarily decreased.

We will begin our excursion from 1840, when Munich was the capital of the kingdom. Then 126.9 thousand people lived in it. The population grew until 1939. So, in 1871 it was 193.0 thousand people, in 1900 - 526.1 thousand people, in 1925 - 720.5 thousand people, in 1939 - 840.2 thousand people . But the Second World War, which resulted in the mobilization of men into the army, as well as the bombing of the city by allied troops, significantly reduced the number. According to the 1950 census, the population of Munich is 830.8 thousand people, but we can say with confidence that in the first post-war years the number of residents was even less. But then the growth began. So, in 1960, the number has already exceeded one million inhabitants, thereby setting a record for the city, and amounted to 1101.4 thousand inhabitants. In 1970, the city was already inhabited by 1312 thousand inhabitants.

But then Munich, however, like the whole of Germany, suffered a demographic crisis. The birth rate has decreased significantly with the increase in society's awareness of the level of responsibility for the child. In 1980, the population fell to the level of 1298.9 thousand people, in 1990 it decreased to 1229.0 thousand people, and in 2000 to 1210.2 thousand people.

True, in the next period the number of residents began to grow again. Already in 2009, it reached a record level for the entire previous history - 1330.4 thousand inhabitants. But the growth didn't stop there. In 2013, the population reached the figure of 1407.8 thousand inhabitants, in 2015 - 1405.4 thousand inhabitants, and at present it is 1526.1 thousand inhabitants. The trend of population growth in the city continues to this day.

Population density

Which is occupied by Munich, is 310.4 square meters. km. Knowing the area and population, it is not difficult to calculate its density in Munich. At the moment it is 4890 people/sq. km.

For comparison, let's look at the density in other largest cities Germany. In Berlin, it is 3834 people/sq. km, in Hamburg - 2388.6 people / sq. km,. and in Cologne - 2393 people / sq. km. Thus, we can state the fact that Munich has a fairly high population density.

Ethnic composition

Now let's find out what nationalities people live in - Munich. The overwhelming majority of the population of the city are Germans, most of which belongs to the sub-ethnos of the Bavarians. Some ethnographers have even tried to distinguish them as a separate nation, since the culture and dialect are very different from the population of the rest of Germany.

But the city has quite a lot of immigrants from other countries of the world, as well as people with foreign citizenship including those with refugee status. The proportion of such residents exceeds 25% of the total population. But social protection population of Munich extends to most of them.

Most of all among the population of Munich immigrants from Turkey. Their number is 39.4 thousand people. In addition, there are many immigrants from Croatia (29.3 thousand people), Greece (26.4 thousand inhabitants), Italy (26.0 thousand inhabitants), Austria (21.8 thousand inhabitants), Poland (21.1 thousand inhabitants), Bosnia and Herzegovina (16.5 thousand inhabitants), Romania (16.2 thousand inhabitants), Serbia (13.5 thousand inhabitants). It should be noted that in Lately especially increased the influx of refugees from the Arab countries, mainly from Syria. However, this is a problem not only in Munich or Germany, but throughout Europe. At the same time, Munich has the largest percentage of residents with a migration background in relation to the total urban population (compared to other large German settlements).

Religion

Almost half of Munich's population does not belong to any religious community. Such people make up about 45% of the total population. At the same time, 33.1% of the population are members of the Roman Catholic Church, 11.9% are Protestants, 7.2% are Muslims, 0.3% are Jews, and another 0.7% belong to other faiths.

The administration of the city of Munich is trying to ensure the rights of representatives of all religious denominations of the city.

Employment

Now let's find out in what areas the population of Munich is employed. We present below a description of the main areas of production in the city.

The main branch of the Munich economy is mechanical engineering, in particular the automotive and aircraft industries. So, the largest German car manufacturing plant, which is a world-famous brand - BMW (Bavarian Motor Works), is located on the territory of the city. This enterprise provides the population with more than 100 thousand jobs.

The city has a developed electronics industry (Siemens concern). In addition, Munich is one of the largest beer production centers in the world.

But industry is not the only area of ​​the city's economy. The provision of various services, in particular of a financial nature, is also developed here, since Munich is a major banking center.

Social protection of the population

Like most cities in the European Union, Munich maintains high social standards. In particular, the employment center is engaged in the employment of the unemployed and the payment of benefits to them. The population of Munich is thus immune to the problems that come with losing a job.

As mentioned above, refugees and other migrants are also not left without adequate protection. They are also considered to constitute the population of Munich. The Migration Service, as well as other social institutions, provided that the settlers comply with German laws, also guarantee them social protection.

General characteristics of the population of Munich

Munich is the third most populated city in Germany, the largest industrial and cultural center of the country. Currently, the city is experiencing a constant increase in the number of inhabitants, which is provided, among other things, by migrants, who make up about 25% of the total population of Munich. About half of the city's population does not practice any religion. Among believers, the majority are Catholics.

In general, we can say that Munich has excellent demographic and economic prospects.

Charles Square (Karlsplatz)

They call her Stachus (Stachus). This is one of the busiest squares in the city. To the northwest of it is the Palace of Justice (Justizpalast, 1897), followed by Old Botanical Garden (Alter Botanischer Garden). Next to the square is the Brunnenbuberl fountain with a figure of a satyr (Brunnenbuberl, Art Nouveau). Closing the Charles Gate Square (Karlstor)- one of the three old gates preserved in the city. They were named so in 1791 in honor of Elector Karl Theodor. On the gates there are images of four characters of urban folklore.

Church of St. Michael (St. Michaelskirche)

The church was built in the 16th century. at the behest of Duke Wilhelm V of Wittelsbach. The entrance to the cathedral is guarded by the figure of St. Michael, fighting the evil of the world. Many of the Wittelsbachs, including the famous Ludwig II, are buried in the family crypt of the cathedral. His sarcophagus takes center stage.

Next to the cathedral is the fountain of R. Strauss (Richard Strauss Brunnen). (There are more than 700 fountains in Munich!)

Pay attention to the Cathedral Civic Hall (Burgersal, 1710) Where is the grave of Rupert Meyer (lower floor of the church)- a Jesuit priest who had the courage to speak in his sermons against Hitler. The second floor is in baroque style. Near it is the building of the Old Academy (Alte Academy, 1597).

On New House Street (Neuhauserstrasse) you can admire many beautiful buildings, the gables of which are decorated with bas-reliefs and sculptural groups. Mimes, clowns, musicians, singers perform here. There are many shops here (among them a large department store "Karstadt"), shops with Bavarian souvenirs and restaurants in the national style.

Cathedral of Our Lady (Frauenkirche)

Cathedral (Sat-Wed 7.00-19.00, Thu 7.00-20.30, Fri 7.00-18.00) built in 1468-1488. architect Jörg von Halspach in the late Gothic style. two towers (98 and 99 m) crowned with onion-shaped domes, which have become one of the symbols of Munich. The length of the cathedral is 100 m, the width is about 45 m, it can accommodate about 10 thousand people. This is almost the same number as lived in Munich in the Middle Ages. 46 representatives of the Wittelsbach dynasty are buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

Climbing up south tower cathedral (April - October Mon-Sat 10.00-17.00), you can admire the panorama of the city from a bird's eye view and, if you're lucky, see the Alps in the distance.

New Town Hall (Neu Rathaus)

New town hall (architect G. I. von Hauberrisser, 1867-1908), towering on Mary's Square, is a masterpiece of neo-Gothic style. To her tower (height 85 m) the famous chimes are built in. Two episodes from the history of Munich are reproduced on a two-story decorated balcony. On one - mechanical figures show the wedding of Duke William V with Renata of Lorraine, followed by a jousting tournament (1568) , on the other - they perform the dance of coopers after the end of the plague epidemic in 1517. Performances are held to the sound of bells (daily 11.00, summer 12.00, 17.00, 21.00).

In the evenings, other figures can be seen in the windows of the seventh floor: the night Watch with lanterns and a guardian angel with a Munich baby (winter 19.30, summer 21.30).

You can climb up to the third tier of the town hall tower and admire the square from a height of 85 m (Mon-Thu 9.00-16.00, Fri 9.00-13.00).

Mary's Square (Marienplatz)

Mary's Square is the central one in the city. One of the most beautiful places in Munich! Life never stops here, except perhaps late at night. The square is decorated with the column of Mary (Marinensaule, 1638), on which rises the gilded figure of the patron saint of the city. The column was erected in memory of the expulsion of the Swedish troops in the Thirty Years' War. On the base of the column, angels fight with allegorical figures (dragon, lion, snake, basilisk) depicting the numerous misfortunes of the townspeople: plague, war, famine and heresy.

old town hall

Facade of the Old Town Hall (architect J. Ganghofer, 1470-1474) made in gothic style. It houses one of the most beautiful Gothic halls in Germany and hosts the Toy Museum. (Spielzeugmuseum; daily 10.00-17.30).

South of the square is the Church of St. Peter (St. Peter; Mon-Sat 9.00-18.00, Sun, public holidays 10.00-18.00)- the oldest parish church in the city (XIV century). From the observation deck on the church tower (almost 300 steps) offers a wonderful view of the city and - with favorable weather conditions- to the Alps.

Near the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit (Heiliggeistkirche, 1392, rebuilt 1725). To the south of the cathedral is the city's food market - Viktualienmarkt (Viktualienmarkt, 7.00-18.00). There are always fruits and vegetables, meat and various spices. From here, according to tradition, the Munich carnival processions begin.

Court Brewery (Hofbrauhaus - HB)

The brewery was founded in 1592 by William V Wittelsbach to provide beer for "the court and the mob" and so that "the costs do not outweigh the pleasure." Placed it on the territory of the Old Court. Wilhelm V loved dark beer, and at first only this was brewed here - Hofbrau Dunkel. Brewery in two steps (in 1607 and 1809) was transferred to Am Platzl, where the Hofbrauhaus restaurant, the oldest in the city, is currently located. The status of the royal court brewery received in 1806, when Bavaria became a kingdom. The building that we see today was opened after a general reconstruction in 1897. V. I. Lenin and N. K. Krupskaya visited here, who wrote that in the Hofbrauhaus "excellent beer erases all class contradictions." In the spring of 1919, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was declared in the Hofbrauhaus, and then, after its fall, Hitler repeatedly spoke here at Nazi meetings. The restaurant can accommodate up to 3,000 people: the building has three floors and a summer beer yard ("biergarten"). More than 10 thousand liters of beer are drunk here every day.

Old Courtyard (Alter Hof)

The old courtyard, built in 1253-1255, is the first city residence of the Bavarian dukes, in which they settled from the 13th to the second half of the 14th century.

Residence

The residence is one of the oldest and most impressive historical monuments in Bavaria. During World War II, it was badly damaged. Many valuables were taken to a safe place in advance.

Inspection is carried out individually and with excursions (daily April - October 20 9.00-18.00, October 21 - March 10.00-18.00; closed: December 24-25; December 31 - January 1). Treasury of the Wittelsbachs (Schaftzkammer) occupies ten halls on the first floor of the Royal Palace (Koenigsbau), designed by architect L. von Klenze. Works of art of late antiquity and the Middle Ages, gothic and renaissance, baroque and classicism are presented. Pay attention to the golden cyborium (sanctuary with altar) King of the East Franks Arnulf of Carinthia (890) , Queen Gisela Cross (1006) , the crown of the English queen (1370) and an elegant gilded equestrian figurine of the knight of St. George, decorated with precious stones (1599) by Friedrich Sustris.

To the left of the entrance to the Royal Palace, there are six Nibelungen Halls, the walls of which are decorated with huge colorful canvases with episodes of The Legend of the Nibelungen. The ground floor also houses the Gallery of Ancestors. (Ahnengalerie, Rococo, 17th century), which presents 121 portraits of the rulers of Bavaria and their relatives up to 1913, among them a portrait of Charlemagne. The ceiling of the gallery is richly decorated with gilded stucco.

The oldest parts of the Residence include a huge Antique Hall (Antiquarium) located in the central part of the architectural ensemble. The Antiquarium was built in 1571 during the reign of Duke Albrecht V (1550-1579) . On the first floor there was a collection of antiques, on the second - a library. Only the walls remained of this luxurious building after the Second World War. Only the first floor has been restored, where almost 300 antique busts lined up under an arched vault - most sculptural works from the collection of Albrecht V.

The large imperial courtyard and the buildings surrounding it along the perimeter were founded at the beginning of the 17th century. The premises were intended for temporary visits of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It is interesting to visit the Stone Rooms decorated with pink marble (Steinzimmer), see the Imperial staircase (Kaisertreppe) 34 m long and the Imperial Hall (Kaisersaal, 34 x 15 x 10 m), decorated with unique tapestries on the themes of the Old Testament, ancient history and paintings symbolizing Monarchy, Wisdom and Glory.

IN Imperial Complex The residences now also house the State Assembly Egyptian art (Sammlung Agyptischer Kunst; Tue-Fri 9.00-17.00, Thu 9.00-21.00, Sat, Sun 10.00-17.00)- one of the best in the world.

The Residence complex also includes the luxurious Cuville Theater (Cuvillies Theatre, Rococo, 1751-1755). The author of the project is the court architect Francois de Cuvilliers (1695-1768) .

It is also interesting to see the luxurious State Apartments, the walls of which are covered with the most beautiful ornament of gilded palm leaves, the Battle Halls (Schlachtensalle), where canvases on battle themes are exhibited, the Courtyard with a grotto (Grottenhof) and the palace church of All Saints (Allerheiligen-Hofkirche, architect L. von Klenze, 1837)- surprisingly light, saturated with "sunny mood" structure. In all rooms you can only take pictures without a flash.

The residence should be visited by every tourist coming to Munich!

Maximilian Street starts from Max-Joseph-Platz (Maximilianstrasse)- Munich Broadway. There are theaters, cafes and restaurants, shops, boutiques of leading fashion houses.

Cathedral of the Order of Theatines (Theatinerkirche)

In the architecture of the cathedral (architects A. Barelli, E. Zukalli, F. Cuvillier, 1663-1767), decorating the Odeonsplatz, you can feel the Italian influence (especially baroque towers), the height of the dome of the church - 71 m. In the cathedral - the tomb of the Wittelsbachs.

Nearby is the Pavilion of Generals (Feldherrnhalle, 1844), built in memory of military leaders Johann Tserklas Tilly (1559-1632) , who commanded the troops of the Catholic League in the Thirty Years' War, and Karl Philipp von Wrede (1767- 1838) who led the Bavarian troops in the war with France (1813- 1814) .

In 1923 here at the Odeonsplatz (Odeonsplatz), there was a clash between the Nazis and the police during the "beer" coup. In memory of the fallen policemen, a memorial plate was mounted on the building to the left of the Hall of Generals.

Praising Palace (Preysing Palais, sumptuous rococo façade, 1728)- shopping arcade. Ludwig Street branching off Odeonsplatz to the north (Ludwigstrasse) built up with buildings in the style of classicism.

Court Garden (Hofgarten)

To the left will be an arcade gallery with a wall painted with historical themes. In the center is an octagonal pavilion (1615) , surmounted by a symbolic bronze figure of Bavaria. Around flower beds, fountains, comfortable benches. In the background, on the north side, next to the Hofgraben canal, is the modern building of the Bavarian State Chancellery (Bayerische Staatskanzlei, 1989-1993).

University. Ludwig Maximilian (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat)

The university is located on Scholl Brother and Sister Square (Geschwister Scholl-Platz). It was founded in 1472 in Ingolstadt. At the beginning of the XVIII century. transferred to Landshut, and from there in 1826 to Munich. The university is widely known in the world for its outstanding research in the field of chemistry. Such well-known scientists as J. Liebig, A. Bayer and others worked here. The university gave the world 12 Nobel Prize winners. He is the best in Germany. About 4000 employees work here (of which 700 professors), 47 thousand students study at 16 faculties, approximately one in five is a foreigner.

During the days of Hitler's dictatorship, the underground organization "White Rose" operated at the university. It was headed by students - brother and sister Hans and Sophia Scholl. They were executed by guillotine in the Gestapo in February 1943. One of the leaflets against the National Socialists came to the British. It was reproduced in 1.5 million copies with the signature: "German leaflet - the manifesto of the Munich students" - and dropped from aircraft into Germany. So Munich, where German fascism was born, became a hotbed of resistance to it. The leaflets that Hans and Sophia Scholl scattered around the university are now permanently reproduced on the pavement at the main entrance. In the lobby - a small Museum of the organization "White Rose" (Mon-Fri 10.00-16.00, Thu 10.00-21.00, admission is free).

Victory Arch (Siegestor)

The arch was erected under Ludwig I in honor of the Bavarian army (1852) . It is adorned with a quadriga of lions ruled by Bavaria.

Museums in Munich

Old Pinakothek (Alte Pinakothek)

Located in a building built in the Venetian Renaissance style (architect Leo von Klenze, 1826-1836). It was based on the personal art collection of the Wittelsbachs, which Ludwig I decided to make available "to his people for pleasure and instruction." The most famous and most visited museum in the city! About 9000 works are stored here (XIV-XVIII centuries). Among them: Leonardo da Vinci's Madonna and Child, Rembrandt's Descent from the Cross, El Greco's Soldiers Tear Clothes off Christ, Titian's Portrait of Charles V in an Armchair, Pieter Brueghel the Elder's Land of Plenty. The collection of the Pinakothek contains paintings by German and Dutch artists of the 15th-16th centuries, Dutch, Flemish and Italian masters of the 17th century. The famous Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens is very fully represented.

Barerstrasse, 27. Open: Tue 10.00-20.00, Wed-Sun 10.00-18.00; closed: Mon and 1, 5 January, 24, 25, 31 December.

New Pinakothek (Neue Pinakothek)

The works of Goya, Delacroix, Gauguin, Toulouse-Lautrec are presented. There are Impressionist paintings, including the famous "Sunflowers" by Van Gogh and "Breakfast on the Grass" by Manet.

Barerstrasse, 29. Open: Mon 10.00-20.00. Wed-Sun 10.00-18.00; closed: emu 1, 5 January, 24, 25, 31 December.

Museums on the Royal Square (Konigsplatz)

Royal Square is one of the most impressive in the city. It is surrounded on all sides by buildings and museums built in the classical style. Having been here, you will understand why Munich has earned one of its names - "Athens on the Isar".

Propylaea (Propylaen, architect Leo von Klenze, 1846-1860)- a monument to the union of Bavaria and Greece - were built on the model of the Athenian Acropolis.

Museum "Antique collections" (Antikensammlung) located to the right of the colonnade (if you stand with your back to her). Here is the best collection of antique vases in the world (IV-V centuries BC). Open: Tue-Sun 10.00-17.00, Wed 10.00-20.00.

Glyptothek (Glyptothek, architect Leo von Klenze, 1816-1830)- Museum of ancient sculpture - located on the left. This is one of the oldest museums in Munich, the first museum in Europe to open to the public. The collection of ancient sculpture collected by Ludwig I of Bavaria is presented. Here you can see works covering the period from the VI century. BC e. until the 4th c. n. e. A small cozy cafe is located in the amazing patio, made in the classical style. Open: 10.00-16.30, Thu 12.00-20.30, Mon closed.

Villa Lenbach (Lenbachhaus)

In a beautiful building in the Florentine style, the works of the masters of painting of Munich of the 15th-20th centuries are collected. Here is the largest collection of expressionist artists of the Blue Rider group in the world. (1911) , including V. Kandinsky. Branch - gallery Kunstbau (Kunstbau)- there is contemporary art. Entrance via U2 Konigsplatz underground station, Luisenstrasse 33. Open: 10.00-18.00, closed on Mon.

Deutsches Museum

The Deutsches Museum is the largest museum in the world dedicated to science and technology. Amazing collection! Somewhere deep underground, there is a drilling rig and a coal mine; it is easy to get lost in its countless drifts, if there are no signs. In the basement - real submarines, at the entrance level - ships and ground crews, even higher - aircraft, right under the ceiling - spaceships. Almost all cars are authentic, they are shown in development: from the first samples to modern models. In the museum you can see the very first steam engines, locomotives, cars. Schoolchildren are mesmerized by the model Railway, chemical reactions taking place right there, the offices of famous scientists with wax figures and ancient instruments. To see everything, you need more than one day: on a huge area - 45 thousand m² - there are 17 thousand objects! The creator of this miracle is engineer Oscar von Miller. The museum has a "Forum of Technology", dedicated mainly to space exploration, and the most modern planetarium in the world - up to 9000 stars, the solar system and much more.

m. S1 to the stop "Isartor", tram number 17, 18 to the stop "Deutsches Museum". Open: daily 9.00-17.00

BMW Museum (BMW-Museum)

The museum is located next to the "four cylinders" - the headquarters of the automobile concern "BMW" ("Bayerische Motoren Werke"). The exposition is presented on several floors. From the upper platforms you can see the exhibits located on the lower levels. Near each stand there is a connector where you can plug in the issued headphones. The exposition presents not only various brands of cars, but also motorcycles, aircraft engines, aircraft. You can see, for example, the Isetta, a car of the early 20th century that had to be entered from the front instead of the side, or the open BMW-507 Roadster, Elvis Presley's favorite car. Films about BMW are periodically shown in the cinema hall. On simulator stands, you can "ride" around Munich using the company's navigation system. For tourist groups excursions are organized both to the concern itself - to the Four Cylinders, and to the BMW factories in Munich, Regensburg and Ingolstadt.

m. U2 and U3 to the station "Olympia-Zentrum", Petuelring, 130. Open: daily 10.00-20.00

Beer Festival (Oktoberfest)

This main and most famous celebration of the city traces its history back to the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig Wittelsbach (later King Ludwig I) and Princess Teresa of Saxony-Hildburghaus, which took place in Munich on October 12-17, 1810. Drinks and food were put up for all the townspeople. 40 thousand people gathered. The merry celebration became traditional, and the meadow was named after the bride.

Nowadays, every year, on the penultimate Saturday of September, at exactly noon, the burgomaster of the city, with a huge confluence of people, with the words: "Oh" zapft is "!" ("The cork went and the beer poured!") opens a barrel of beer. The first mug is received by the Prime Minister of Bavaria. On this holiday in a meadow equal to 55 football fields, put up huge pavilions filled with tables and benches. They are filled with the audience, singing songs, swinging on the benches and even dancing on the tables. At least 5 million people come to Oktoberfest. The holiday is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest beer festival in the world. At one Oktoberfest, visitors drank 5.8 million liters of beer, ate 120 bulls, 500,000 sausages and 2 million Bavarian "bretzels" - ruddy pretzels sprinkled with salt.

Numerous attractions operate around the beer pavilions, the Ferris wheel is spinning, screams and squeals are heard from the roller coaster, music is playing.

Munich, Germany: the most detailed information about the city of Munich, the main attractions with photos and descriptions, location on the map.

City of Munich (Germany)

Munich - a city in southern Germany on the banks of the Isar River, is the capital of Bavaria and the third largest city after Berlin and Hamburg. Within a two-hour drive from it are several large lakes And ski resorts, which formed a temperate climate in the region, with a transition from maritime to continental. Winters with little snow and hot summers have contributed greatly to the fact that sightseeing vacation in Munich is relevant all year round. However, there are exceptions when the thermometer in winter can drop to ... -30 С°.

Story

The history of the city dates back to the 8th century. It was at this time that a small settlement of monks appeared here, which later acquired the status of a city. After a while, the lands passed into the possession of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which ruled Bavaria until its partition until 1255, but until 1918 the city remained their residence. Today, the Wittelsbach Palace operates as a museum and is open to tourists throughout the year.

During the First World War, Munich was badly damaged by air attacks organized by French troops. In 1918, the November Revolution brought the Social Democrats to power. King Ludwig III and his family have to flee the city. In April 1919, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed, but a month later it was liquidated by government troops.

World War II also left its mark on the city. Munich suffered more from the bombing of allied aircraft. The result of seventy raids on the city was the almost complete destruction of its historical part, and Munich itself was 50% in ruins.

In the post-war period, the city quickly recovered and already in 1972 was honored to hold on its territory Olympic Games. Built specifically for this event, the Olympic Park is still a place of pilgrimage for tourists.

Useful information for tourists

Getting around the city is much more convenient by public transport than by taxi. Firstly, a taxi is expensive, and secondly, it is not so easy to find a car, only in special parking lots. Moreover, not every local resident will be able to give you the number of a taxi service, since rarely anyone uses this service. Everyone has heard about German pedantry, but the organization of public transport can be the best way to verify this.

Munich is connected by a large and well-developed network of trams, buses, metros and even city trains. All of them run according to the schedule, accurate to the minute. Rare are the cases when transport is delayed - rare enough that it becomes the event of the day.

For comfortable movement around the city, just choose the right ticket. At first glance, this may seem like a daunting task, but if you plan ahead a tourist route and a little bit to understand the German language - everything is quite simple. Munich transport system divided into 4 zones, internal, white and green (XXL) and general. The cost of tickets does not depend on the distance you need to overcome, and not even on the type of transport, but on the zone. For a tourist, the most optimal would be a day or three-day Single-Tageskarte ticket (for one person) or Partner-Tageskarte (up to 5 people).

How to get to Munich

Munich Franz Josef Strauss Airport (Flughafen München "Franz Josef Strauß") daily receives more than a hundred flights from around the world, including from Russia. From the airport to the city center can be reached by train S-Bahn, which stops at all significant stops in the city. You can buy a ticket for the train in one of the many machines, which, as a rule, are located right next to the escalators. Taxis are also available for Munich. The cost of a trip from the airport will be much more than in the city.

You can also get to Munich by train. The railroad is well developed here. However, fans of traveling by car will also be satisfied with the road infrastructure, because many autobahns of German cities are connected precisely with Munich.

Where to stay

You can stay anywhere in Munich. It all depends on the tastes and preferences of the tourist. Chic and modest hotels, inexpensive apartments, hostels - everything is at the service of guests. However, it is worth taking care of booking in advance, especially when it comes to the peak of the tourist season.

Shopping and shopping

The capital of Bavaria will enchant shoppers. In Munich, in addition to large shopping centers, where time flies unnoticed, literally on every street you can find boutiques of famous brands, souvenir shops and various shops offering to buy anything. However, it is worth noting that boutiques and small shops are open mainly until 18:00 and only from Monday to Saturday.

Seasonal markets and fairs

Antique market - you can get to it only on the first Saturday of the month. Here you can buy antique jewelry, furniture, accessories, postcards, stamps.

BRK-Flohmark is a grandiose fair taking place at the end of April. Here you can buy children's things and toys, including antiques, while their cost will be much lower than in local shops.

Riem Market is the largest Bavarian bazaar. Mostly people come here to sell old things, but it is difficult to call them old, rather new ones that have not been used in everyday life.

Viktualienmarkt is a flea market. Contrary to the prevailing stereotypes, for more than 200 years they have been selling here not unnecessary things, but all kinds of products, including delicacies. By the way, farm products are constantly brought here, and bakeries also operate on the territory of the market.

Sights of Munich

If you want to learn more about the history and culture of Munich, feel the atmosphere of the capital of Bavaria, visit its main attractions: Frauenkirche, Nymphenburg Palace, St. Peter (St. Peter "s Church), Residence, Old Town Hall. No less interesting would be a visit to the BMW Museum, Karlplatz. And, of course, do not forget to visit English garden and the Olympic Park.

Frauenkirche (Cathedral of Our Lady) is a Gothic cathedral built in the 15th century, one of the symbols of Munich. The cathedral is 109 meters long, 40 meters wide and 37 meters high and can accommodate 20,000 people. Two towers stand out in the architecture of the cathedral, almost 100 meters high with stunning views of the city. Frauenkirche is a masterpiece of late Gothic. This is an austere brick three-nave temple with a simple interior decoration. The footprint in the hallway of the church is called the Devil's footprint. According to legend, the unclean man argued with the architect of the cathedral, but lost the argument. Enraged, he turned into wind and tried to destroy the temple. That is why there is always a slight breeze here.

Nymphenburg Palace is one of the main attractions of Munich, luxury palace with a picturesque garden and canal. built like summer residence kings, the palace strikes with luxury and severity of forms. The construction of Nymphenburg dates back to the 17th century. The architect was the Italian Barelli. Inside you can appreciate the life of the monarchs, see art and history. No less famous is the palace park - 229 hectares of park landscape in the English style. You can ride a gondola along the palace canal.

Marienplatz

Munich's Marienplatz with New and Old Town Halls - worldwide famous center the Bavarian capital. This is a real attraction for guests and residents of the city, a venue for major cultural events and fairs.

In the architecture of the square, the New Town Hall stands out - a grandiose neo-Gothic building built at the beginning of the 20th century. Now the city council of Munich sits here. The tower of the New Town Hall provides a beautiful view of the old town. You can climb it by elevator.

In the center of the square there is an 11-meter Marian column of the late 16th century with a sculpture of the Virgin Mary with Christ.

In the eastern part of Marienplatz, you can look at two interesting buildings. The Old Town Hall is an old building of the 14th century in the Gothic style, restored after the destruction of the Second World War. The tower houses a toy museum.

Next to the Old Town Hall is the Cathedral of St. Petra is Munich's oldest parish church with a history spanning over 8 centuries. The building combines the features of many architectural styles, and inside built a beautiful baroque altar. The architecture of the cathedral stands out with a 91-meter tower, which can offer one of the most beautiful views of Munich. To do this, you need to overcome more than 300 steps.

Allianz Arena is the home stadium of the Bayern football club, one of the most famous and comfortable stadiums in the world.

Karlplatz (Karlplatz) is one of the main squares of the historic center with beautiful architecture. The square is named after Charles IV Theodore, although the people of Munich themselves simply call the square Stachus. In honor of the old beer tavern, which was before its formation. The main architectural attraction is the Charles Gate - an ancient Gothic gate from the early 14th century, which used to be part of the city's fortifications. Opposite is the neo-Baroque Palace of Justice and the building of the Kaufhof Gallery shopping complex. The main pedestrian street connects Karlsplatz with another central square Marienplatz.

Odeonplatz is an Italian-style square in the northern part of the historic center of Munich near Ludwigstraße. Here you can admire the beautiful church of the 17th century in the late Baroque style with two powerful towers and a dome, a loggia similar to the building in Piazza della Signoria in Florence, royal residence and the Hofgarten garden.

The residence is one of the largest palace complexes in Germany, located near Odeonplatz on Max-Joseph-Platz. This impressive building with an area of ​​​​more than 23,000 square meters. meters with luxurious halls in the style of classicism, baroque and rococo, decorated with objects of culture and art. The history of the Residence is over 600 years. More than 40 original bronze sculptures from the 16th and 17th centuries are exhibited in the bronze halls of the palace, and royal regalia and other valuable items are in the treasury.

The Olympic Park is one of the most beautiful and popular places in Munich. Built on the occasion of the 1972 Olympic Games. Here are several famous places Bavaria: Olympic stadium, Olympic hall and Olympic towers. In addition, there is the largest amusement park in Bavaria, concerts, entertainment and cultural events, festivals and various sporting events are held here.

Other attractions in Munich

BMW Welt is a museum of the world-famous BMW brand. There are exhibitions and promotions, tours of the museum and the plant.

Pinakothek - art Gallery in Munich. IN old pinakothek objects of European painting of the 14th-18th centuries are exhibited, about 400 works of art of the 18th-20th centuries are exhibited in the new and modern Pinakothek.

The Bavarian State Opera is one of the largest operas in the world with 450 performances annually.

Hofbräuhaus is an old beer house. Here you can touch the secrets and traditions of Bavarian brewing, enjoy regional cuisine, beer, music and folk dances that convey the historical atmosphere of Munich.

The Old Court is an old imperial residence located on the road from Marienplatz. This is the Munich Kaiserburg, which houses the museum.

Oktoberfest is the legendary beer festival in Germany, which is held annually in Munich in autumn from mid-September to early October. It is the largest beer festival in the world with over 6 million tourists. During this time, millions of liters of beer are drunk here. Oktoberfest is an important part of Bavarian culture and its roots go back to the Middle Ages.

Video - Munich

If you happen to travel around Germany, then by all means one of the points of travel will certainly be the capital of Bavaria, the city of Munich. One of the ancient cities in Europe. Located on the Isar River in southern Germany.

Munich, photo mirlos25

Munich has been leading its history since 1158, when the city was first mentioned in historical documents. This date became the starting point for the people of Munich. From it the city conducts its chronology. Although Munich received the status of a city only in 1175. The history of Munich is so rich that more than one work has been written on it. Even listing the main historical events would take more than one hour. Munich then became a duchy, then a federal state.

Even the whole of Bavaria was divided into two states. And Munich itself has always been and remains one of the main cultural, economic and historical cities in Europe. And there were plenty of sad pages in his history. Recall that the King of Bavaria was overthrown in Munich Ludwig III and the creation of the Bavarian Republic was announced (in 1918). After that, a new uprising led to the creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic. Although it did not last long. And the saddest thing for all Bavarians is that German fascism has reared its head here. It was from the Munich pub that Hitler began his bloody procession. Munich residents consider this the blackest old woman in the history of the city.

How to get to Munich

Going from Berlin to Munich, I would prefer to go high-speed train. But in order to enjoy the trip to the fullest, you need to take a ticket for the train going through Nuremberg. And that's why. From Nuremberg towards Munich, almost half way, you will fly at a speed of under 300 km/h. It will ride at the speed of a propeller-driven aircraft on the ground, this is not even a trip, but an attraction. On the rest of the way, the speed will be in the range of 160-250 km/h. Only in small areas, the speed of the train drops below 160 km/h.

Sights of Munich

New Town Hall (Neues Rathaus), photo by Suvad Sulic

Arriving in Munich, first of all, tourists usually go to the Old Town, in the very center of which there is a square Marienplatz. The square got its name from the marble figure of the Virgin Mary, who is considered the patroness of the city. Here, your eyes will open the central spectacle of the city - this town hall. Stretching along the square for more than a hundred meters, the building of the town hall, in full length, is decorated with figures of dukes, kings, saints. And like a crown main tower 85 meters high. Here you need to know what time it is desirable to be on the square, near the town hall. There is a city clock on the tower. At eleven in the morning, at noon and at five in the evening, a whole performance unfolds. When the clock strikes, the mechanical figures begin to move, arranging a whole spectacle. By the way, they look small only due to the height at which the chimes are located. In general, the height of the figures, in the growth of an adult. So, when you come to Munich, try not to miss this spectacle.

Having admired, you can head south, towards the cathedral St. Peter's. We will not dwell on the description of the cathedrals. Just seeing these historical monuments one can judge them personally. It is worth adding that the cathedral is the most old church cities. It was erected in the XIV century. Not far from it is Church of the Holy Spirit, built around the same time. But it acquired its present appearance after it was rebuilt four centuries later, in the Baroque style.

On the other side of the square are the old Isar Gate, with two towers. Moving along the streets around the square, you will see all the most wonderful buildings of the Old City. You can't get past beautiful cathedral Asamkirche. Then you should head to the square Frauenplatz. There is a two tower church Holy Mother of God . It should be noted that this monumental structure, with its dimensions, was built very quickly. In just 26 years. For the Middle Ages, a very good indicator.

You cannot describe all the sights of Munich. But the palace should be added to the list of priority places. Erzbischofliches Palais, castle Praising, Cathedral Frauenkirche. An amazing legend is connected with the latter. Allegedly, Satan himself decided to destroy the cathedral. Yet the Frauenkirche survived. All the saints came to his defense. You will even be shown the trace left by Satan, from his claws and tail. And to believe or not, in the veracity of the legend, it's up to you.

Munich walk map

Of course, you can not get around such a world-famous attraction as the great Bavarian beer. The most famous beer Hofbräuhaus was founded in the sixteenth century.

And do not try beer in Munich Paulaner, Hacker-Pschorr, Spaten, Lowenbrau, Hofbrau and Augustiner is to commit a crime and offend the inhabitants of the city. But be careful. If you set a goal to try all sorts of beer in one day, then this will end in a loss of orientation in space. There are so many of them here that any most sophisticated lover of a foamy drink can confidently say: "I have tried so few beers in my life." But the most expanse comes at the time Oktoberfest, the biggest beer festival. If you are a big fan of it, you should go to Munich, if only for the sake of it. It's like making a pilgrimage to beer heaven.

Beer map of Munich

Munich transport

Let's add a few more words about public transport in Munich. Arriving in the city. You need to clearly define the route of your trip around the city.

The whole range of public transport is at your service:

• metro,
• S-Bahn city trains
• tram,
• bus.

Payment for transport in Munich differs significantly from ours. There are single tickets, day tickets with which you can travel all day, as well as a ticket for tourists München CityTourCard. Plus, the city is divided into four zones. For example, by purchasing a single ticket, you can go there and back. The price depends on how many zones you pass. In general, upon arrival in Munich, try to immediately think about where you want to go and what to see. This will help you avoid unnecessary expenses.

After running around the sights of Munich, tired of the traffic and the city, visit English park . It starts from the city center and stretches to the outskirts of the city. Considered the largest urban park in the world. Here you can relax, look at tame swans, just admire the beauty of the landscape.

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Munich — Munich

In this article you will learn:

Munich is one of the largest cities in southern Germany, founded in 1158 and is the capital. It is a large fast growing industrial center. Electrical, engineering, printing, sewing and chemical enterprises are located here.

The scientific sphere is widely developed in Munich. It is home to many universities, as well as one of the largest European public libraries.

Munich is known for its large brewing production and drinking tradition. Munich breweries serve - festivities, beer festival, famous throughout the world. It is celebrated on a grand scale in September-October of each year on Terezin Meadow.

Story

The status of the city of Munich was given by the Bavarian ruler Heinrich the Lion. Soon city walls were erected around the settlement, and a long and rich story Munich. After the unification of all the duchies of Bavaria, which occurred in 1507, it becomes its full capital. During the course of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Maximilian, who at that time was the Duke of Bavaria, took an active part in it. At one time, Napoleon visited Munich on a friendly visit. In 1818, the Constitution of Bavaria was adopted for the first time.

The First World War is memorable for Munich because it was heavily bombed. And the post-war period was a difficult period for the city. The beer putsch marked the year 1923. Then Hitler carried out the first unsuccessful attempt at a coup d'état, during which he was arrested. But, this did not prevent the city from remaining the main city of the National Socialists.

During World War II, the city was heavily damaged. During the post-war reconstruction, it was decided to follow the original layout as accurately as possible. Today in Munich there is a fairly high standard of living - high-quality and comfortable. It is a city characterized by a thriving economy and a wide variety of cultural life.

Attractions

Munich is a museum city, a place of accumulation of masterpiece architectural monuments, a venue for Oktoberfest and just a city worthy of the attention of a tourist. There are so many attractions in Munich and its environs that it is simply impossible to list everything. But the places that every tourist must see will be described below.

Marienplatz and New Town Hall

The center of Munich crowns main square the city of Marienplatz with a Gothic palace called the New Town Hall. According to historical data, the town hall was built in the late 19th - early 20th century, although looking at it one gets the impression that it is much older and has been standing on this site for more than one hundred years.

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Frauenkirche)

Most high building Munich. The authorities are forbidden to erect buildings higher than the Cathedral of the Blessed Mary.

The cathedral, in fact, is the crypt of the Wittelsbach family, who ruled in Bavaria for over 700 years.

The cathedral was built in the Gothic style and looks majestic, but for some reason it is not very welcomed by the locals, who speak contemptuously about this landmark of Munich.

Outwardly, the impressive and solid temple does not make the proper impression when visiting it, inside, according to the reviews of numerous visitors, it is uncomfortable, cold and miserable. Perhaps the attitude of local residents is influenced by the political background of the temple ministers and their arrogance towards their parishioners, although this is another story.

old town hall

This building is much more laconic, does not have such a grace of decoration as the New Town Hall, and dates back more early years the buildings.

Glyptothek

Place of accumulation of works of ancient sculptors ancient rome and ancient Greece. The museum was founded under King Charles I. Statues of various mythical characters can be seen in the Munich Glyptothek.

Monument Museum Dachau

This is probably one of the scariest museums of our time. A museum saturated with heavy energy, filled with the memory of the thousands of deaths of children, women and men during the Second World War. The museum is based on the site of a former Nazi concentration camp. Only the sculpture erected at the entrance to the museum conveys the whole tragedy of those times.

St. Peter's Church

The oldest landmark in Munich ancient history, the church survived many fires and reconstructions, after which it successfully combines various styles of architecture.

Church of St. John Nepomuk

This temple is better known as the Azamkirche church. This name originated among the people due to the fact that it was the Azam brothers who erected this temple on a small piece of land, they managed to erect a truly fundamental work of architectural art. The interior of the church is stunning with splendor.

Olympic Park

The Munich Olympic Park was built to host the 1972 Summer Olympics. This is a favorite place for recreation among the residents of Munich, various cultural events are held here. The Olympic complexes serve as training and sports bases for the training of athletes and for ordinary citizens to go in for sports.

BMW Museum

The sanctuary of fans of the German car brand is the BMW Museum. The whole history of the creation of one of the favorite brands of the German car industry. More than 120 car models, from the very first to the latest developments of the corporation. Huge selection of motorcycles. Men will definitely appreciate this museum, but girls will also be interested there.

The museum's opening hours are from 10 am to 6 pm daily, except Mondays. Ticket price from 6 (children) to 12 (adult) euros. Discounts for families and groups.

The museum is located 15 minutes from Munich.

Oktoberfest

The main influx of tourists in Munich coincides with the main event of Bavaria -. Hundreds and thousands of tourists from all over the world come to this grand celebration dedicated to the favorite drink of the Bavarians. Beer flows like water, tons of sausages are eaten, a joyful mood reigns everywhere. Many connoisseurs of a foamy drink dream of a vacation in Munich at Oktoberfest.

One of the largest museums is located in the city scientific and technological achievements. The Toy Museum is one of the unusual museums.

A trip to Munich and acquaintance with its main attractions will surely be remembered by every traveler. The capital of Bavaria warmly and cordially welcomes visitors!

Sport

The variety of varieties presented in Munich allows everyone to find something to their liking. Close proximity to Alpine mountains gave impetus to the rapid development skiing and tourism.

Seasonal mass roller skating through the streets of the city on Monday evening of every week has become traditional. Also, the tradition included marathon races, which are organized twice a year.

IN summer season beach volleyball is very popular, tournaments are held on large beaches.

Of particular note is football. - the most famous German football club, which has a huge number of titles. The famous Allianz Arena is the home stadium of the grandiose club. Also in Munich, hockey and basketball are well developed. At one time, the city hosted the Olympic Games and the world championships in football and ice hockey.

Transport

The main urban transport can be called trains and metro. Munich has a well-developed bus and tram network. Munich's main railway station has a huge passenger flow and serves more than three hundred thousand passengers a day. In addition, they function Eastern Station and Munich-Pasing in the west. Regional and international high-speed trains pass through them.

Munich Airport is one of the largest airports in Germany, handling up to fifty million passengers a year.

The cheapest tickets from Moscow to Munich and back

Munich is an important part of the highways of the southern part of Germany. From it originates movement to various parts of the country. From it you can go to Austria and Italy.

There are several transport rings in the city: the old city, the autobahn and the middle one. Traffic on cars is greatly complicated by constant traffic jams.

Taxi

A taxi in the city is not cheap, the landing costs 3.5 euros, plus you pay 1.5 -1.8 euros for each kilometer. Also, if you have large luggage, the taxi driver will charge you 1.2 euros.

Bicycles

Munich is a city where cycling is well developed. It will cost you 3 euros per hour to rent a bike. Gathered to ride all day - 15 euros. (As elsewhere, you will be charged a deposit - 50 euros).

Excursions

If you are going to visit Munich, the Tripster service will help you choose an excursion to your liking. Excellent guides or ordinary people living in Munich are ready to show you the city, its sights and beauties.

Where to stay in Munich

We suggest you take a look at the hotels that are located near the city center.