Main city of Bavaria. Extreme sports. What to see in Nuremberg

Landscape

In Bavaria there are three parts of the great German landscapes: the German part of the northern Kalkalpen and the foothills of the Alps with its attractive lakes, "Schottish ebene" with the land of charming hills stretching to the river. Danube and German midlands with diverse landscapes.

There are many rivers in Bavaria, most of which are connected to the Danube. In the north-west of Bavaria, the Main River flows with tributaries, the Saale River originates from the slopes of the Franconian Forest and the Fichtelgebirge. The Rhine and Danube basins were united in 1992 by the Rhine-Main-Danube canal.

The Danube is the second largest river in Europe after the Volga. The river bed is in some places protected by dams to support navigation.

Bavaria is the land of lakes. About 1600 lakes are concentrated mainly in the foothills of the Alps. The largest are Chiemsee, Ammersee, Lake Starnberg, Tegernsee, Königssee; the deepest is Walchensee (192 m).

The duchy occupied the area between the rivers Lech and Enns, the Fichtel mountains and the Tridentine Alps. The first duke whose name is mentioned in history was Garibald I(d. 590), who had his residence in Regensburg. Having united with the Lombards against the rule of the Franks, he was defeated by the latter and forced to ask for peace. He was succeeded by his relative, Thassilon I(d. 612), who marked himself by the fact that he first opened hostilities against the Slavs and their allies, the Avars. With his son Garibalde II(d. 650), the Bavarians received from the Frankish king Dagobert the first written laws (lex Bajuwariorum, between 628-638). At his invitation, St. Eustachius and Agil and preached Christianity there. Christianity was finally introduced with Theodone(d. 717) Frankish missionaries Rupert, Emeran and Korbinian.

Bavaria in the 10th century

During the division of the state undertaken by Charlemagne, Bavaria, together with Italy, went to his second son Pepin, who died while his father was still alive. Louis the Pious, who succeeded Charlemagne, first transferred control to his eldest son Lothair with the title of king, but with the new division of 817, it passed to Louis II later called German, who called himself rex Bojoariorum and chose Regensburg as his residence. Louis continuously fought with the Slavic peoples, who caused a lot of harm with their frequent raids. Meanwhile, the temporal power of the bishops was gradually strengthened, and the power of the palatine counts, who ruled as governors, increased. After the death of Louis the German (876), his son Carloman became king of Bavaria, to which at that time also belonged Carinthia, Carniola, Istria, Friul, Pannonia, Bohemia and Moravia.

Germany in 919-1125

Carloman was succeeded (879) by his younger brother Louis III, and after his death (881) the second brother Charles III the Fat, who, having received 884 and the crown of France, thus united under his rule all the states of Charles V. After him, she passed (887) to the natural son of Carlomann Arnulf and then (899) to his son Louis the Child, during whose reign Bavaria suffered a lot from the attacks of the Hungarians. With Louis the Child, the Carolingian family ceased (911), and the Bavarians elected the son of Margrave Luitpold as their duke, Arnulf II the Evil, known for his enmity with Emperor Conrad I. His son After his death, Otto I the Great took Bavaria from Arnulf's son, Eberhard, passing it to his uncle, Berthold(d. 947), and then to his brother Henry I, appointing Eberhard's brother, Arnulf, Count Palatinate of Bavaria. This gave rise to internal strife, which made Bavaria the theater of devastating wars. Taking advantage of the uprising that broke out against the emperor and Duke Henry, Arnulf tried to recapture his hereditary duchy of Bavaria, and he called for help from the Hungarians, who invaded Byelorussia, devastated it, but were defeated by Otto on the Lechfeld. Henry I was succeeded by his son Henry II the Shrew, one of the most educated princes of that time and an implacable enemy of Otto II, who took B. from him and handed it over Otto Swabian(d. 982). After the death of Otto II, Henry again received the duchy of B., which after him (995) passed to his son Henry IV, who later became the emperor of Germany under the name of Henry II. With his death, an almost 200-year period begins in the history of Bavaria, during which the country had to endure a lot, both from the Crusades, which deprived it of a significant part of the population, and from the eternal change of dukes, either appointed or again expelled by emperors, and who, with their own mutual strife did not allow her to calm down. Finally, after the expulsion of Henry XII the Lion (founder of Munich), Bavaria passed (r.) to the palatine Otto of Wittelsbach, the ancestor of the Bavarian and Palatinate houses.

Henry the Lion's dominions

Duke Otto of Wittelsbach

Bavaria and its neighbors in 1378

The reign of his son Otto the Most Serene(1231-1253), was marked by internal strife over the secular power of the bishops, who were striving for complete independence. For his commitment to the emperor, he was excommunicated by the pope from the church. his sons, Ludwig II the Severe and Henry XIII, ruled together for two years, but in the city they divided the country among themselves, and Ludwig received Upper Bavaria with Munich, the Rhine Palatinate and the title of elector, and Henry, whose line ceased a few years later, became the ruler of Lower Bavaria with the main city of Landsgut. In addition, both brothers inherited the unfortunate Konradin of Hohenstaufen. One of the two sons of Ludwig II (d. in d.), Ludwig, was elected emperor under the name Louis IV of Bavaria. In r. he concluded a separate treaty with his brother's sons in Pavia, by which the latter were granted the Rhenish Palatinate and the Upper Palatinate; both parties lost the right to alienate their possessions and inherit in the female line, while the title of elector had to belong to both in turn. However, the last decree was canceled by the Golden Bull (g.), which presented the electoral dignity to the House of the Palatinate. Thus, two main lines of the Wittelsbach house arose: the Palatinate and the Bavarian. Upon the termination of the Lower Bavaria line, Emperor Louis, with the consent of the estates, annexed Lower Bavaria to Upper Bavaria. B. also owes him many improvements in internal management; so, he granted city law to Munich, issued a civil code for Upper Bavaria and new judicial laws for Lower Bavaria Louis (d. provinces, Tyrol, etc. But these external possessions were soon lost, and strife and civil strife began between individual lines, ending in the union of most of the ancient Bavarian lands in the hands of Albrecht IV.

Maximilian Joseph

His son and heir Maximilian Joseph, made peace with Austria in Füssen, 22 Apr. g., recognizing the Pragmatic sanction, and in return receiving back all the Bavarian lands conquered by Austria. Sincerely imbued with the desire to see his country happy, he turned all his attention to the improvement of agriculture, handicrafts, mining, justice, police, finance and public education. He established the Academy of Sciences in Munich ( ) and generously patronized the arts. Being childless, he confirmed all existing hereditary contracts with the house of the Electors of the Palatinate. Both under the treaties of the House of Wittelsbach, and according to the definitions of the Peace of Westphalia, the Elector of the Palatinate undoubtedly owned the rights of inheritance to Bavaria, when, with the death of Maximilian Joseph on 30 December. the Wittelsbach line died out. But unexpectedly for everyone, Austria made claims to Lower Bavaria and occupied several districts. Heir and successor of Miximilian Joseph, childless Carl Theodor(see this next), surrendering to the exhortations of Emperor Joseph II, he signed an agreement on January 3 and 14, in which he promised Austria the concession of Lower Bavaria, the possession of Mindelheim and the Bohemian fiefs in the Upper Palatinate. But Duke Karl of Zweibrücken, as the closest agnate and probable heir of Bavaria, declared himself against this concession, prompted to do so by the Prussian king Frederick II. This was the reason for the so-called War of the Bavarian Succession, which, however, ended without bloodshed in the Treaty of Teschen, thanks mainly to the intervention of Russia, which spoke out against Austria. The undisputed possession of Bavaria was secured for the Elector of the Palatinate-Bavarian, with the exception of the Inn Quarter with Brunau (38 sq. miles), which was ceded to Austria. At the same time, according to the decrees of the Peace of Westphalia, the eighth electorship ceased to exist.

New story

Bavaria and its neighbors in 1786

As early as March 6, 1848, Ludwig I issued a proclamation in which he promised that the Bavarian government would act for the sake of the freedom and unity of Germany. Acting in the spirit of this proclamation, Maximilian II recognized the authority of the German Parliament convened in Frankfurt, and on December 19 issued a decree on the operation in Bavaria of all laws adopted by the German Parliament. However, the primacy among the German states increasingly began to pass to Prussia, and not to Austria. Maximilian was supported by parliament when he refused to agree to a proposal to give the imperial crown to the Prussian king Frederick William IV. However, Maximilian went against the will of the people, refusing to support the draft German Constitution, when it turned out that, according to him, Austria was excluded from the German Confederation.

Reign of Maximilian II 1848-1864

After the abdication of the father of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, in 1848 his son Maximilian II took over the throne of Bavaria.

Bavaria during German unification

The Bavarian kingdom initially opposed the strengthening of the role of Prussia in Germany. In the Austro-Prussian war of 1866, Bavaria took the side of Austria. The result of participation in this war for Bavaria was the defeat; under the terms of the peace treaty, Bavaria ceded to Prussia a number of territories, namely the districts of Orb and Gersfeld, lying in the Spesart and the Rhön mountains, with 32,976 inhabitants, and had to pay 30 million florins of military indemnity. In addition, due to the collapse of the German Confederation and the formation of a new North German Confederation, in which the South German states, including Bavaria, could not be included in accordance with special Franco-Prussian agreements, the kingdom found itself in political isolation.

Since that time, the rapprochement between Bavaria and Prussia begins, which resulted in the participation of Bavaria in the Franco-Prussian war on the side of the latter. During this war, the Bavarian troops acted excellently. Their valor is attested by the battles of Weissenburg and Werth, near Sedan, Paris and Orleans. The general upsurge of national consciousness at that time was so strong that the population of Bavaria, in numerous addresses addressed to the government, petitioned for joining the North German Confederation. Nevertheless, in negotiations with the Union on this issue, the Bavarian government tried to negotiate maximum preferences for itself. Finally, on November 23, 1870, an agreement was signed on the accession of Bavaria to the Union. Under this treaty, Bavaria retained its own diplomacy, management of the army, post office, telegraph, railways, taxation system and complete independence in matters of citizenship and the right to settle. Similar treaties were signed by the rest of the South German states. The North German Confederation thus included all the member states of the former German Confederation except Austria, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein.

Bavaria in the Third Reich

Political system

The legislative body of the federal state is the Bavarian Landtag (in German. Bayerischer Landtag; unicameral since 1999, in -1999 the parliament had an upper house - the Senate (German) Russian ), which is elected by the population for a term of 5 years. The executive body is the Bavarian Government (Bayerische Staatsregierung), which is formed by the Landtag and consists of:

• Minister-President (German) Bayerischer Minister Präsident ) - Prime Minister, head of the government of Bavaria,
• Bavarian state ministers
• Bavarian state secretaries.

Policy

Elections

The well-developed areas of Bavaria are: the Munich metropolitan area with a developed auto industry ( bmw, Audi, MAN, Knorr-Bremse), information sector ( Siemens, Infineon Technologies, Microsoft), mass media and publishing houses ( ProSiebenSat1, sky deutschland, cable deutschland, publishing house Burda), military industry ( EADS, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann); district of Augsburg ( EADS, KUKA, UPM-Kymmene), Ingolstadt ( Audi, Media Saturn Holding) and the "Bavarian chemical triangle" between Lake Chiemsee and the rivers Inn and Salzach. Tourism is developed (historical sights, museums, beer gardens, Oktoberfest, fairs).

Tourism

Tourism is one of Bavaria's sources of income. Bavaria is considered a land of relaxation. Due to the beauty of its landscapes and well-developed infrastructure, as well as the Alpine foothills and the Bavarian Alps themselves, it has been and is a favorite destination for tourists, at any time of the year.

Bavaria is the largest land area in Germany. Some Bavarian cities were built by the Romans.

The capital is Munich (first mentioned in 1158), about 1.35 million people live in it. residents (February 2009). The center of the city is the Marienplatz square, beloved by tourists, with the new town hall building. On the east side of Marienplatz is the old town hall, whose building today houses the toy museum. A little south of Marienplatz is the 11th-century St. Peter's Church. To the southwest of the church, on St. Jacob's Square is the Munich City Museum. Its exhibits cover the cultural history of Munich, there is also a photo and film museum, a museum of puppets, musical instruments and much more. State National Galleries in Munich: Alte Pinakothek (old masters), Neue Pinakothek (art of the modern period), Pinakothek der Moderne (contemporary art); Bavarian National Museum with a collection of sculpture, decorative art, folk art; state collection of exhibits of natural history; German Museum.

Bavaria is home to a large number of different festivals, among which the Oktoberfest and the Landshut Wedding are the most famous.

Population of Bavaria

The Bavarians are the descendants of three ancient Germanic allied tribes - Bavarians, Franks and Swabians (Alemanni) - they differ in the nature of speech, customs, way of thinking and attitude. Later, already in 1945, more than two million refugees and deportees from the former German territories, who brought their own traditions and culture, were added to their number.

Filled with gratitude for their newfound homeland, the "new Bavarians" put a lot of effort into its restoration after the Second World War.

Administrative districts

The Republic of Bavaria is made up of several administrative districts. List of districts:

Cities with more than 50 thousand inhabitants

Additional: The Bavarian State Office provided these statistics and processed data

Religion

* Including Palatinate

Bavarian figures

Administrative unit

The federal state of Bavaria consists of 71 districts (in German. Landkreis) and 25 cities of land subordination (in German. Kreisfreie Stadte) (in brackets index of districts and cities on license plates).

Districts

District centers

Bavaria is the largest region of modern Germany and perhaps the most famous. For many, the image of a real German merges with that of a Bavarian: leather shorts, a hat and a misted mug of beer in their hands. It is in Bavaria that the famous beer is brewed, the famous Oktoberfest is held, the famous BMWs are created.

But Bavaria is not only modern Munich bubbling with energy, but also cozy Nuremberg, and fabulous Neuschwanstein, and snowy Mountain peaks, and wild forests, and clear lakes. All this is connected by the famous German ideal autobahns and kilometers of traveled railways.

Bavarians rarely leave their homeland, because they believe that everything necessary for life is in their region. They call strangers “Prussians,” even if they are tenth generation living in neighboring Hamburg or Stuttgart.

In Bavaria, it is customary to enjoy life to the fullest: eat to satiety, drink only the best beer (that is, any Bavarian) and have fun for any reason. Anyone who has seen Bavaria knows the real Germany.

Flights to Bavaria

Departure city
 Specify departure city

Arrival city
 Enter city of arrival

There
!

Back
!



adults

 1 

Children

Up to 2 years

 0 

Up to 12 years old

 0 

Find a ticket

Airfare low price calendar

How to get to Bavaria

Bavaria's main airport is located in Munich. The second in terms of the number of passengers served after the harbor in Frankfurt am Main. And a recognized leader in the field of domestic transportation. At the airport, you can see the "behind the scenes" of the work of the transport hub and visit the local brewery.

The small airport in Augsburg mainly serves business aviation, but is also ready to accept international flights. It is located 60 kilometers from Munich, towards Nuremberg.

The country actively uses the railway network. It is most advantageous to buy tickets online on the website of the national carrier.

Hotels in Bavaria

City
 Enter the name of the city

arrival date
!

date of departure
!



adults

 1 

Children

 0 

Find a hotel

The Bavarian state offers a wide range of accommodation for travelers. Hotels of all levels of stardom and non-stardom, hostels, campsites, sanatoriums - for every taste and budget.

The most original way of placing on the highest peak Germany. At a level of 2600 meters, on the Zuespitze mountain, in the territory of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen ski resort, there is a whole village consisting of igloos of ice houses. A night will cost from 110 €.

Look for 5-star hotels in Munich. These are Hotel München Palace, Vier Jahreszeiten Kempinski München, Hotel Königshof, Hilton hotels, Bayerischer Hof and others.

The spa resort in Bad Kissingen offers accommodation in private pensions, small hotels at a price of 30 € per day. In Bad Wörishofen, a room in the 5* Steigenberger Hotel Der Sonnenhof costs from 200 €.

Shopping in Bavaria

Bavaria is sure to appeal to shoppers, as there is no other region in Germany with such a huge number of colorful markets and shopping centers. Munich has the most interesting shopping facilities, with the attractive Maximilianstrasse shopping street and the chic Viktualienmarkt food market, which has a history of more than 200 years.

The “purchasing mile” of Munich is considered Kaufingerstrasse or Neuhauserstrasse parallel to it. These are the busiest shopping streets in Germany, where you can also find international brands budget prices, and youth fashion boutiques, and German footwear and clothing stores.

In the shopping village of Ingolstadt, several dozen boutiques and 110 brands from all over the world are concentrated.

There are also large outlets in Augsburg, Regensburg, Würzburg and Bayrot. In all cities and towns, look for Hussel pastry shops.

Bayrische Tracht, the national dress of the Bavarians, can be bought, for example, for Oktoberfest. good quality kits are sold in some shopping malls like Galeria Kaufhof.

Things to Do in Bavaria

In Munich, there is the Alpamare water park, where travelers can relax with children and large companies all year round. Traditional slides, a 200-meter tube with sound and light effects, artificial waves, almost sheer slides with overcoming rapids - this is an incomplete list of attractions that you can get for an amount of 23 €.

Nearby is one of the most famous amusement parks in Germany - Legoland. The territory is divided into thematic zones - Pirates, Pharaohs, Knights, Asia, Fantasy, etc. Enchanting shows are held for visitors every day. A ticket for a family of 4 when bought at the box office will cost almost 40 €. Online the same ticket will cost about 28€.

With children, you can also visit the famous Krone Circus, founded in Munich in 1905, or the Augsburg Zoo, where exotic animals are collected.

Look for a relaxing holiday in the resort of Bad Reichenhall. It was founded around the thermal springs several centuries ago, gained worldwide fame and popularity in the middle of the 19th century. Now people drink water saturated with salts, bathe in it, and use it as a remedy.

Fans of extreme sports have chosen the Bavarian Alps. There are about 30 ski resorts. In this region, the highest mountain in all of Germany is the Zugspitze (2962 meters), and picturesque lake Walchensee, located in the center of the ridge and reaching 192 meters in depth. In the Berchtesgaden valley, a preserved and restored tea house " Eagle Nest”, carved among the rocks as a gift from the NSDAP to Adolf Hitler on his 50th birthday.

In the south, in the Bavarian Alps, there are many small karst caves and vertical karst mines. The deepest - up to 700 m, the largest - 7800 m.

In Bavaria with comfort and taste

The most convenient transport for traveling around Bavaria is trains. The most economical option is to travel with a single Bayern-Ticket. You can buy it at the railway station. The travel card is valid for 24 hours and gives the right to travel on any train in Bavaria. A ticket for one person will cost 20 €, and for a group of up to 5 people about 30 €.

In Bavaria you can arrange beach holiday. There are a huge number of lakes in the region, in which the water warms up to plus 25 °C. Best time to visit in this case - July or August.

Bavaria - federal state in southeastern Germany. natural beauty, National holidays, religious relics and architectural monuments annually attract thousands of tourists. Nowhere else in the world can you find so many castles, palaces and picturesque parks.

Modern civilization has not deprived Bavaria of the charm of antiquity, but provides the population with a high standard of living. Traveling along a romantic path, it is easy to imagine how Roman legionnaires passed along the same road, medieval knights rushed galloping, gilded carriages drawn by eight thoroughbred horses passed.

Only here is it possible to fully immerse yourself in history with maximum comfort. A wide choice of hotels of different price categories, convenient public transport, thoughtfulness tourist routes, single tickets to visit museums will help the guests of Bavaria to make a fabulous and unforgettable trip.

This German land enchants tourists at any time of the year. In spring - the gentle greenery of the hills and lawns. In summer - the coolness of the fountains. In winter - pastoral Christmas pictures. In autumn - huge parks with golden fallen leaves.

Munich - Bavaria in miniature

The history of the emergence of Munich began with a small monastic monastery. Ordinary people began to build their houses near the monks' shelter, hoping to find protection and protection here. permanent job. Gradually, the monastery and the surrounding buildings grew, and the new city was named Munich, which means “monk” in Old German.

During the Second World War, Munich was subjected to numerous bombings. Majority historical buildings the capital was seriously damaged, so many of the architectural monuments that today are the pride of the Bavarians are a skillful "remake".

Marienplatz - main square Munich. This iconic place where the tourist routes originate. The square got its name in honor of the Virgin Mary. A gilded statue of the saint crowns a column located in the center of Marienplatz. Here are the New and Old Town Halls, built in gothic style.

At a certain time, the clock located on the tower New Town Hall, start moving, and the performance begins. Dolls, made in natural human growth, play out historical scenes from the life of the Bavarians. The tower of the Old Town Hall houses the Toy Museum, the exposition of which will undoubtedly interest both children and adults.

Location: Marienplatz - 1, 80331 Munich.

Not far from the main square of Munich is the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary - Frauenkirche. The cathedral, built in the Gothic style, was built in the 15th century. This majestic building is tall 100 meters accommodates 4 thousand parishioners.

In 1944, when the city was bombed, the cathedral was practically not damaged. It was not possible to save only patterned stained-glass windows. On the road slab near the entrance to the church, you can see the so-called devil's footprint - the imprint of a man's foot of size 44. The tomb of the Wittelsbachs is located in the Cathedral, where the members of this ancient family found their last shelter.

Location: Frauenplatz - 12, 80331 Munich.

This is the summer residence of the Wittelsbachs, which is considered the largest palace and park complex in Europe. The palace was erected in honor of the birth of a descendant of the royal dynasty - Maximilian Immanuel. In one of the exhibition halls of Nymphenburg is the world famous Gallery of Beauties.

It presents portraits of attractive women who were considered the ideals of beauty of that time. The court painter Josef Stieler captured the features of not only noble ladies, but also simple Bavarians. Among others, the portrait of Baroness Amalia von Krudener stands out - the subject of passion of the poet Fyodor Tyutchev.

The complex houses the Crew Museum and the Porcelain Museum. In the Museum of the Crew, you can admire the luxuriously decorated carriages and sleighs in which the royals traveled. Above the carriage museum is an exhibition of porcelain, which contains thousands of exhibits. Tourists will be amazed by the huge well-groomed park with an artificial lake, on the surface of which beautiful white swans glide smoothly.

Location: Schloß Nymphenburg - 1, 80638 Munich.

Old and New Pinakothek

The Pinakothek is literally translated from Greek as a repository, and today this term is called art galleries. The Alte Pinakothek is an art museum that displays a collection of paintings by famous European artists from the 14th to the 18th century. The exposition is based on the personal collection of the Wittelsbachs.

The interiors of the museum, at first glance, seem extremely simple and even ascetic. But soon the idea of ​​the organizers of the exhibition becomes clear, because nothing distracts visitors from contemplating the majestic paintings in luxurious frames. In the halls of the Neue Pinakothek exhibited over 550 paintings and about 50 sculptures. Here are works of art dating from the late 18th and early 20th centuries.

Location: Old - Barer Straße - 27, new - Barer Str - 29.

An attraction in Munich that will attract fans of the German automotive industry is the BMW Museum. The complex of buildings belonging to the Bavarian Motor Works stands out in the midst of the ancient luxury of palaces, churches and castles modern design, stylized as car details. The exposition of the museum will acquaint the guests of the city with the history of the creation of the BMW company.

Location: Am Olympiapark - 2.

Mandatory item in the plan tourist trip should be a visit to the most famous German pub - "Hofbräuhaus". Famous people such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Vladimir Lenin and Adolf Hitler sat here with a mug of beer.

The institution was created as a court brewery, the contingent of which was exclusively close to the king. And only in 1828, by decree of Ludwig I, the Hofbräuhaus opened its doors to ordinary people. The beer restaurant consists of several huge themed halls. The restaurant's menu includes local beers and traditional Bavarian dishes.

Location: Platzl - 9, 80331 Munich.

This festival of good humor and the art of brewers takes place from mid-September to the first Sunday in October. Tourists who are lucky enough to be in the capital of Bavaria at this time will be swirled by the whirlpool of the beer carnival. During these weeks, locals allow themselves to dress up in colorful national clothes.

Eyewitnesses say that at Oktoberfest the amount of beer drunk exceeds 7 million liters. The popular drink is served with traditional German treats: pork knuckle with sauerkraut and potato dumplings, Bavarian sausages, salty pretzels. When planning a trip to Oktoberfest, keep in mind that hotel rooms must be booked in advance.

Among ordinary houses on a Munich street is one of the most beautiful baroque churches - Azamkirche. The church in honor of St. John of Nepomuk was built by the Azam brothers in 1733. Azamkirche was conceived as a private chapel, but according to the demands of the townspeople, access to it was opened to everyone.

Location: Sendlinger Street - 32.

Royal castles of Bavaria

Representatives of the ancient Wittelsbach family ruled Bavaria from 1180 to 1918. Under them, the architectural appearance of this part of the country dramatically changed, about 15 castles and palaces were built, which most of the guests of Bavaria aspire to visit.

Near the town of Füssen high rock Neuschwanstein Castle seems to be floating among the clouds. It was built by order of the most mysterious Bavarian king Ludwig II. The name of the castle literally means "new swan cliff".

The romantic descendant of a noble family, impressed by the tales of medieval knights, wanted to recreate the atmosphere of those times around him.

Unrelenting interest in the ambiguous and mystical personality of Ludwig II and his fairytale castles still attracts crowds of tourists to this part of Bavaria. Unfortunately, Ludwig of Bavaria died before the castle was completed. In the vicinity of the castle is Swan Lake- Schwansee, which inspired Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to write music for the famous ballet.

Location: Neuschwansteinstraße - 20, 87645 .

The architectural brainchild of Ludwig II, which was built during the life of the king - Linderhof. For construction Royal Manor the Bavarian dreamer was inspired by a visit to the French Versailles. Linderhof is translated from German as "Linden Yard".
In the new palace, Ludwig of Bavaria's desire for privacy reached its climax. So that the servants would not annoy the king, a special dining table was designed. With the help of a special mechanism, this piece of furniture was lowered down to the floor and raised already served.

Linderhof Palace strikes with the luxury and elegance of the interiors, a mixture of baroque and rococo styles, but the Hall of Mirrors makes the strongest impression on visitors. In this room, huge mirrors are located on both sides of the room, creating the illusion of infinity and refraction of space. Around the palace there is a park - a miniature copy of Versailles. The Grotto of Venus was built on the territory of the park, in which the King of Bavaria enjoyed the music of Wagner in the twilight.

Location: Linderhof-12, 82488 Ettal.

Opposite the Swan Castle is Hohenschwangau, where the fairy-tale king spent his childhood. The main entrance to the castle can be reached by bus or horse-drawn carriage. For the daredevils there alternative way: through suspension bridge, named after the mother of Ludwig II - Mary. Marienbrücke is located at an altitude of 92 meters, a mountain river flows below.

The bridge offers stunning views of Norschwanstein Castle. The father of Ludwig of Bavaria, Maximilian II, built Hohenschwangau on the site of the ruins of the medieval fortress Schwanstein. The interior of the castle, built of yellow sandstone, is decorated with colorful frescoes praising the fearless heroes and beautiful ladies of the Middle Ages.

Location: Alpseestraße - 30, 87645 Schwangau.

Natural monuments of Bavaria

In this part of Germany, it is worth admiring not only architectural monuments, but also natural beauties. Contemplation of high snow-capped mountains, lakes with a mirror-like surface of water, dense forests and green meadows invariably fills tourists with a sense of delight.

If you take a train in Munich and get to the ancient town of Füssen, you can find yourself at the foot of the Bavarian Alps. Here are majestic castles, deep lakes, picturesque villages, ski resorts, and peace and tranquility are poured in the purest air.

Bavarian part of the European Alps, length 300 kilometers, is located between the rivers Leh and Zalah. The highest mountain of the Bavarian Alps - Zugspitze rises to 2962 meters above sea level.

In the Bavarian Alps you will see one of the most beautiful reservoirs countries - Royal Lake Königssee. Tourists are given the opportunity to ride on a pretty boat on the sparkling surface of the lake. Water transport here is equipped exclusively with electric motors. Boats and boats with internal combustion engines are prohibited from moving around Königssee, so as not to pollute it, because the water of the lake is rightfully considered the cleanest in Germany.

The lake was formed by ancient glaciers, so the water temperature in it, even in the heat, does not rise above 17 degrees. There are restaurants on the banks of the Königssee, where guests are offered to enjoy smoked and fried trout, local beer.

In the south of Germany there is a huge tract of natural forest - national park"Bavarian forest". All conditions have been created here for the conservation of endangered species of animals: deer, lynx, wolves and otters. Tourists can observe the behavior of animals in the wild. For a better view, a wooden path is suspended at a height of 25 meters, supported by the trunks of centuries-old pines.

Location: Böhmstraße - 43, 94556 Neuschönau.

Traveling with children. What sights in Bavaria are worth visiting?

Many consider the presence of children a good reason to postpone foreign trips on the back burner. As a result right time travel may never come.

In every public building in Bavaria you will find a place for feeding and changing, so traveling even with very young children will not be burdensome. Undoubtedly, the children will be interested in visiting Bavarian castles and museums, but if you plan your path in such a way as to visit amusement parks, your kids will be delighted.

Not far from Munich is the largest water park in Europe - Erding. On its territory there is a swimming pool with sea water. The atmosphere of the tropics is recreated here, the artificial reservoir is surrounded by luxurious palm trees and visitors have the opportunity to swing on real waves.

The pool is open to tourists all year round. In bad weather, this area is covered with a transparent dome. While the children enjoy the dizzying descent from water slides, parents can relax in the sauna or salt cave.

Location: Thermenallee 1-5, 85435 Erding.

You can get a sea of ​​​​positive emotions and plunge into childhood in amusement park Legoland, which is located near the town of Gunsburg. On an area of ​​140 hectares, exciting rides and huge figures made of thousands of Lego pieces are collected.

Feel like a brave pirate, noble knight, discoverer wild jungle- every child will find entertainment to their liking in Legoland. If you can't get around the park in a day, stay for the night in a village located 10 minutes' walk, where you can stay in comfortable cottages for a small fee.

Location: Legoland-Allee - 1, 89312 Günzburg.

Bavaria is the most beautiful and largest state in Germany. Her natural landscapes, lakes, rivers and mountains cannot leave indifferent even the most seasoned travelers. Here you have the slopes of the Alps, and the plateau, and the lowlands, every corner of Bavaria is saturated with its flavor.
Land of Bavaria. City of Bamberg

Bavaria Germany, State of Bavaria

Weather in Bavaria

Bavaria has several different climate zones. In the northwest, where there are no mountains, it is more favorable, the temperature fluctuation is not so significant. In the southeast, the opposite is observed, here is located mountain range, which means that the temperature fluctuation is already more significant. In the lowlands, summer is quite hot, the temperature in July reaches +30 degrees. Winters here are warm and rainy, the average temperature is about +5 degrees. In the mountains, summer is quite cool, the temperature rarely rises above +25 degrees. Winters are cold here, the average temperature is around 0 degrees. If you come to Bavaria not for ski holidays, then the best period to visit it is from July to September.
Land of Bavaria. Neuschwanstein Castle

Holidays in Bavaria

Tourism in this land is one of the main sources of income. Bavaria is beautiful at any time of the year. It has a well-developed infrastructure and excellent natural resources. Tourists love to visit the Bavarian Alps and the Alpine foothills. In addition, Bavaria holds quite a few festivals throughout the year, one of the most popular is this.

Cities of Bavaria

The most popular city in Bavaria is Munich, its capital. There are quite a lot of interesting places, attractions, as well as for lovers of foamy drink, the most famous breweries. The largest cities are also considered: Nuremberg, a population of over 500 thousand people; Augsburg, population 270 thousand people; Würzburg, population over 135 thousand people; Regensburg, population over 132 thousand people; Ingolstadt, population over 120 thousand people; Furth, population 114 thousand people; Erlangen, population over 100 thousand people.
Land of Bavaria. Füssen resort

Resorts of Bavaria

This land is just real paradise for health lovers. Bavaria has more than 60 balneological, thermal and climatic resorts. Bavaria can be safely called a single resort, which is divided into zones. Here you will be offered mud, thermal, mineral and salt springs. A variety of wellness programs that combine naturopathy and modern medical technology will help to carry out treatment, prevention, rehabilitation or just a wellness holiday. The most fashionable among the Bavarian resorts is, and the most popular mud resort is this.

Prices in Bavaria

Prices here are not particularly different from the rest of Germany. It is not difficult to choose a place for lunch, you will be fed deliciously and inexpensively everywhere, traditional Bavarian dishes, for example, Nuremberg fried sausages, cost about 1.5 - 2 euros per serving. And lunch in a decent cafe will cost about 10-15 euros per person. If you are traveling on your own, then you should use public transport, for which many people love Germany, everything is very clear here and there are no difficulties, but very cheap way movement.
Land of Bavaria. Linderhof Castle

Castles of Bavaria

No wonder Bavaria is called the country of castles, there are a great many of them, and by the way, one of the most famous not only throughout Germany, but also in the world. What is worth two nearby locks and. In addition, it is worth visiting the snow-white Linderhof castle, the Herenchiemsee castle, which is located on the Chiemsee lake, the Blutenburg hunting castle and others.

Lakes of Bavaria

Bavaria is famous for its crystal clear lakes. clean water and surrounded by incredible scenery. Most famous lake-, translated as "Royal Lake". Another well-known lake is the Chiemsee, it is so large that the locals call it the "Bavarian Sea". No less famous is Lake Constance, which is located in the south of Bavaria near the resort of Bodensee. And there are still a lot of similar lakes here.

Sights of Bavaria

This land has a huge number of natural and architectural attractions. Munich is the capital of Bavaria, there are a lot of interesting and fun things to do here. Not far from Munich, there is a town already known for its “not fun” history, namely the most cruel concentration camp of the Second World War. The city of Nuremberg is famous for its longest city walls in Europe, and one of the longest big museums toys in Europe.

One of the oldest settlements in Bavaria is the city of Augsburg, which was founded in the 1st century BC. Historical architectural structures have been preserved here. On the river Main is the city of Würzburg, which is known for its medieval fortress Marienberg. City of Bamberg, for its 800 summer story didn't change his historical appearance, for which he was included in the List world heritage UNESCO.
Land of Bavaria. The village of Hohenschwangau and the castle of the same name

Undoubtedly, the first thing that comes to mind about the sights of Bavaria is luxury architecture medieval castles as well as beer and cars.

All these advantages are located in a relatively small area, which allows you not to miss anything.

In contact with

The main attractions of Bavaria - a photo with a description

Nature lovers should definitely visit the Bavarian Forest - the oldest large forest in Central Europe a nature reserve with an area of ​​at least 2,000 square kilometers.

It was opened back in 1969, and allows you to see the wild nature in its original untouched form. To this end, several hiking trails, and there is also a special suspension road located at a height of 25 meters. Its length is 1300 meters.

Munich is home to one of the largest royal palaces in Europe. – Nymphenburg .

It was originally built in the Baroque style in 1675, and the duration of this process was 11 years.

In addition to luxurious interiors decorated with Zimmermann frescoes, the castle is surrounded by a beautiful palace park. Address: Schloss Nymphenburg 1.

The capital of Bavaria is also famous for its luxurious collection of paintings by famous artists, which today is stored in three galleries - the Old and New Pinakothek, as well as the Pinakothek of Modernity.

All works were divided in chronological order: the first gallery presents canvases from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment; in the second - pictorial masterpieces of the 19th and early 20th centuries; and in the Pinakothek der Moderne - the latest exhibits of the second half of the 20th and 21st centuries. All of them are located nearby: on Barer Strasse 27,29 and 40.

The water park Erding, which is only 30 kilometers from Munich, is a must-see for the whole family. Moreover, this is not only a water park with slides and other water activities, but also a thermal complex. It is covered and suitable for visiting in winter.

In summer, part of the dome that forms the ceiling opens. On this moment it is the largest in Europe and is located in Erding, Thermenallee 1-5.

What you should definitely see and visit in Bavaria

Particularly noteworthy is the main square of the capital - Marienplatz, or St. Mary's Square.

It is considered the heart of all this land, and back in 1315, Duke Ludwig of Bavaria ordered never to build up this area.

Here, in 1638, a gilded figure of the Virgin Mary was installed, which is now the hallmark of the city.

Not far away is the highest building in Munich - the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary or Frauenkirche. Max Height reaches 100 meters, but in the city it is forbidden to erect buildings higher than this, according to the last referendum.

The construction of this symbol of the city lasted from 1469 to 1526, and many rumors and legends are associated with it. For example, one says that the architect of the cathedral made a deal with the devil.

Also, there is a symbol of the entire free state - this is a bronze statue of Bavaria. The attraction was established in 1850, under Ludwig I.

Its height is 18 meters, which made it possible to install a ladder inside and climb to the observation deck located in the head of the statue. From there opens beautiful view, and at its foot the famous Oktoberfest is held annually.

Now Oktoberfest is one of the most popular holidays in Europe, which annually gathers up to 7 million beer lovers. The history of this "beer" tradition goes back to 1810, on the day of the marriage of Ludwig I with his wife. Wanting to share this event not only with noble persons, he organized large-scale folk festivals in one of the meadows.

Since then, this glorious tradition has remained, and that meadow is called Teresa's Meadow - in honor of the bride of the future king. It is worth noting that initially mass festivities were limited for the most part to horse races and fairs.

Another "beer" attraction of this city is the "Court Brewery" or Hofbräuhaus, on Platzl. It was opened back in 1607 for the Bavarian dukes, and already in 1828 it became available for visits by ordinary residents.

At the end of the 18th century, it was converted into a restaurant. Since then it remarkable place many famous people, as well as some political figures of the USSR. This place is also closely connected with Adolf Hitler, because it was here that the first meetings of the German Workers' Party began. During the Second World War, the building was very badly damaged, and it was restored by 1958.

What to see in Bavaria in winter

Lake Königssee is beautiful in any weather, including looks great in winter. In Germany, it is considered the cleanest, so the Germans carefully monitor environmental situation Around him.

That is why, for more than 100 years, it has been possible to move here exclusively on types that are “safe” for the environment. water transport- rowing or pedal boats, as well as electric motors. You can find it at 83471 Schönau am Königssee.

Popular, especially among fans of winter sports and climbers, are the Bavarian Alps , which are the most high point throughout Bavaria.

There are many hiking trails that offer breathtaking views and several mountain attractions.

Initially, since its founding in 1913, its main field of activity was aircraft engines. The owner of the enterprise K.F. Rapp specifically chose this place, since there was an aircraft manufacturing company very close by. But they did not deal with aircraft for long, already in 1919, in accordance with a peace treaty, the production of aviation equipment was banned in the country.

The museum was first opened to the public in 1972, and the exposition covers all areas in which the company was engaged: from aircraft propellers to modern motorcycles. In addition to the actual exhibits, there are also modern unusual installations, of course, on the automotive theme. You can find it in Munich, at Am Olimpiapark, 2.

The most beautiful places in Bavaria

In southwestern Bavaria, there are several very popular and beautiful sights at once. One of them is what translates as "new swan cliff". Its construction was personally supervised by King Ludwig II, which significantly influenced the work of the architect E. Riedel.

The luxurious building was begun in 1869 and had not yet been completed at the time of the king's death. But still in 1886 he moved to an unfinished residence, where he soon died. The castle is located in Schwangau near the town of Füssen, at Neuschwansteinstrasse 20.

The construction exceeded all the previously pledged amounts, as a result, the unfinished castle was opened for paid visits in order to pay off creditors. And only in 1899 this issue was finally settled. But the influx from this type of income was so great that the Germans decided not to give it up to this day.

The castle makes an indelible impression with its beauty and luxury of decoration. Situated on the top of a cliff, it is especially beautiful from afar, from the nearest Marienbrücke bridge.

Now there is a museum that you can visit. Its only permanent occupant is the watchman.

Another beautiful “example” of architecture located in this area is the Hohenschwangau or Hohenschwangau castle. It is located very close to the former castle in Schwangau, at Alpseestrasse 30. In addition, it is also associated with proud birds - its name translates as "high swan land".

The first fortress on this site was built in the 12th century. But already in the 16th century, the family of the founders - the knights of Schwangau, stopped, and the building was no longer used, which led to its destruction. In addition, during the war with Napoleon in the XIX century, he suffered greatly. Soon these lands began to belong to Maximilian II, who built a beautiful castle on the site of the former ruins in 1832-1836. In it he spent most life of Ludwig II, founder of Neuschwanstein. Now this castle belongs to the Wittelsbach Foundation, and it is also open to the public and guided tours are held here.

Another creation of Ludwig II, which, unlike the others, was nevertheless completed during his lifetime - Linderhof Castle. It is also very close to the two previous castles - only 20 kilometers away.

This palace is located on the lands of the Ammergebirge nature reserve, in the very center of the broken park. Construction work lasted quite a long time - from 1869 to 1886. The style of interior decoration reflects the dreamy and romantic soul of Ludwig II, combining baroque and rococo style.

A very interesting and unusual element of this residence is the Grotto of Venus. . It is an artificial cave. It is located in the park and was intended for various productions, mainly operas.

In its center is an artificial lake with a shell-shaped boat on which the actors moved. The exact address of this attraction: Linderhof 12, 82488 Ettal.

Note: You can feel the medieval spirit not only by seeing the castles, but also by visiting the jousting tournament in Kaltenberg Castle, held according to all the rules.

This colorful tournament is organized in the summer and has been going on for more than a year. Unlike the first performances, the modern costume show is no longer limited to the battle of knights in armor. Fairs, stands, special medieval houses, wandering artists and even real living creatures in peasant yards are added to it. And all this splendor against the backdrop of a real castle, which was built in the XIII century. This place is located in the village of the same name Kaltenberg, 40 kilometers from Munich.

Cities in Bavaria worth seeing

Undoubtedly, the capital of Bavaria - Munich is a must-see. There are many attractions here, without which a visit to this land would not be complete.

In Munich, for example, there is the Azamkirche church, which is not quite familiar to the eye, at Sendlingerstrasse 32. And its peculiarity lies in the fact that this is not a separate building - its facade is a single row with other buildings on the street.

The area of ​​​​its base is only 22 * ​​8 meters. This happened because it was the private property of its creators, the Azam brothers, who built it in 1733-1746. But due to the protests of the population, they still had to open it to the public. It is now a fine example of the late Baroque in southern Germany.

Noteworthy, especially for children, will be a visit to the town of Günsburg, where amusement park Legoland . The area of ​​this park is as much as 140 hectares.

There are many rides and huge figures made from elements of a giant lego. Nearby, for convenience, there is a zone of cottages intended for tourists, since it is unlikely that it will be possible to bypass the entire territory in one day.

There are other cities on the map of Bavaria that will be interesting to visit. For example, with its unusual sights, which is the second most populous after Munich, as well as Augsburg - the most Old city in Germany after Trier.

Conclusion

Bavaria has rightly earned popularity among tourists traveling to Germany or Europe. The sights collected in this article constitute a useful guide for travelers.

Fairy-tale castles perched on top of cliffs, surrounded by fogs and lakes, ancient historical monuments and modern entertainment - all of these have made this region one of the most attractive.

We bring to your attention an interesting video about the sights of Bavaria: