What is recreational tourism. Recreational tourism

Swap cold days for sunshine. A heap of some thoughts on absolute relaxation. Permanent fatigue for exemplary well-being. I want to? Get away from here. Far. Very. Enjoy idleness ... Want to? Then you've come to the right place!

Friends, you need to learn to relax. We live in some kind of constant trouble that will never seem to disappear. Wake up, go to work, come back, lie down. Wake up again. The extended scheme includes eating, communicating with colleagues and relatives. Oh yes, in Lately still viewing the news feed on the Internet. All. And when to rest? "Succeed?" This is a mess, comrades! You must finally love yourself and let your body relax. By the way, he is very tired and also wants to go on vacation. And the resentment of the body on its owner is a terrible thing. In order for it not to come to this, today we will tell you how, where, when and with whom it is best to relax.

For a good rest, it is advisable to run somewhere far away, turn off all phones, the Internet, Wi-Fi and be alone with yourself. In the city, you can not even try to do it. And here hiking trips the very thing. There are many types of tourism. Starting from sports, extreme and ending with religious, charitable, nostalgic, cultural. But the most correct, familiar, and most importantly, suitable option for us is.

What is recreation?

What is recreation? First, let's take a look at the meaning. Translated from Latin, this word means "restoration." Recreation can be called a set of activities aimed at improving the health of the whole organism. Their main goal is to restore good health and increase the efficiency of a tired person. This can be achieved by touching real objects of nature. Contact with such objects creates a certain mood, when the keys to a successful and happy life come to us by themselves.

The whole point of recreation is to restore the personality in such aspects:

• Theological - recreating kinship with God;
• Mythological - unity with the cosmos;
• Philosophical - removing barriers to a happy life. Overcoming stereotypes that destroy consciousness;
• Psychological - freedom, creativity, communication with open people, removing behavioral blockages in your mind;
• Pedagogical / cognitive - knowledge of natural objects, the study of cultural and natural monuments.

Types of recreational tourism

Recreational tourism- this is the so-called trip to relax, unload. Conventionally, it is divided into several types:

1. Wellness.

2. Sports.

3. Cognitive.

According to doctors, all of the above types restore well and improve health, since they involve outdoor recreation, that is, away from the bustle of the city. Recreants (as tourists are called in recreational tours) are provided with many different services for a good rest. These activities include the use of natural recreational resources such as mud, mineral water, sea air, etc.

So health tourism. Its main goal is to improve the physical and moral condition of a person. In recreational tours, there is a wide range of different programs aimed at restoring well-being. For example, walking, yoga, exercises, sports exercises on the seashore, aero and hydrotherapy. This type of tourism is characterized by long trips (from 14 days) and limited visits to other places. That is, tourists on a hike a large number of time are in the same place. Most often by the sea.

The main goal of the next type of recreational tourism (sports) is to restore good physical shape. It has many subtypes. Bicycle, equestrian, ski and automobile tourism are now widespread. Excursions on the seas and rivers on yachts, kayaks, homemade rafts, as well as scuba diving are becoming more and more popular. But the most popular for many years has been hiking along pre-planned routes (trekking). These are group movements on slightly rough terrain. In sanatorium conditions, hiking exists in the form of trips designed for 1 day (“weekend trips”).

It is impossible not to recall a new kind of fitness, which is called "Nordic walking". in plain language, this is ordinary walking with a stick behind your back. This option is very well suited for lovers of useful physical education. Due to the presence of a stick, the load on the joints of the legs is reduced for tourists and balancing is stabilized.

The last type of recreational tourism (cognitive) can be conditionally divided into:

• literary;
• architectural;
• park;
• museum, etc.

These subspecies very often intersect, so the corresponding tours are carried out in a complex way. Special recreational centers, in which natural resources are combined with cultural ones, have gained immense popularity. That is, educational tours are organized in places with not only a favorable climate, but also big amount interesting monuments history and culture.

Club " Uncharted World» actively works with the direction of recreational tourism. Our hikes in Turkey and the Crimea are designed to normalize the balance of mental and physical strength. We use the technology of recovery, both in the active and in the passive version of the rest. More specifically, extreme moments in hiking (diving, digging, caving) allow you to temper your character, eliminate excess weight, and improve your physical fitness. Frequent change of scenery (radial hikes in the mountains) helps to relieve nervous tension, relax, switch to something new. Close contact with nature ennobles our tourists from the inside, on an invisible spiritual level. Regular vegetarian food allows you to establish the correct mode of eating. We often arrange various psychological tests, games, seminars, yoga for our participants. It helps in the development of personal qualities.

Thus, we can say that recreational tourism is characterized by a whole range of different health-improving activities. Their impact as a whole changes a person, both externally and internally.

Come visit us soon! Most different trips in Crimea and Turkey are already waiting for you. We rest well.

Types of recreational tourism ……………………..…………………5

Features of the organization of recreational tourism ………………... 7

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….10

List of used literature……………………………………………... 12

Introduction

Rest is one of the essential conditions for maintaining and strengthening health, maintaining high working capacity and achieving active longevity. One of the most popular types of recreation is tourism. Tourism - temporary departures of people to another country or area other than the place permanent residence for a period of 24 hours to 6 months without the right to work. Tourism is the most effective means of satisfying recreational needs, as it combines various types of recreational activities - health improvement, knowledge, restoration of human productive forces. Tourism - component health care, physical culture, a means of spiritual, cultural and social development of the individual.

Recreational tourism is a type of tourism, the purposes of which are recreation, treatment or sports. Simplistically, the goal of recreational tourism can be formulated as a full-fledged recreation and improvement of a person by means of tourism. The tasks of improving the health of participants in tourist recreational activities are in fact inseparable from the tasks of their proper rest (they are solved jointly). Therefore, without fear of making a mistake, one can call recreational tourism at the same time health tourism. At the same time, if one or another technology of recovery is specially used in tourist activities (a method, means of recovery are chosen, appropriate events are planned), then we, emphasizing this orientation, will call them recreational and health-improving. In other cases, it should be understood that any recreational tourist event also has a health-improving orientation (health-improving motive), and the healing process takes place “by itself” in the context of passive or active recreation. Passive rest provides for the cessation of previous activity and complete physical rest of the body, active rest - switching the body's activity to another type of activity.

The concept of recreational tourism

Types of recreational tourism

Features of the organization of recreational tourism

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health-improving areas in the improvement of the population is a profitable and cost-effective direction. Ensuring sufficient muscle activity, eliminating the adverse effects of "muscular hunger" with the training of the main functional systems that ensure the body's performance: cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and nervous systems. Pedestrian and water tourism are one of the most effective means of developing the working capacity of the body. Stimulation of natural immunity - the body's immunity to pathogenic bacteria. Long-term, moderate in intensity muscle load provides an increase in the level of not only metabolic processes and the activity of the endocrine system, but also tissue immunity. The biostimulants formed during physical activity promote the resorption of foci of subsiding inflammation, stimulate regenerative processes in the tissues of the body. Unlike sports tourism, which is focused on expanding the ability of a person to overcome natural obstacles and adapt to new, not yet mastered conditions, recreational tourism is used mainly to increase the reliability of life in everyday conditions of an already mastered habitat.
The main objectives of recreational tourism are:
1. Harmonious physical development and promotion of all-round human development;
2. Health promotion and disease prevention;
3. Ensuring a good rest of different ages and professions;
4. Maintaining high performance;
5. Achievement of active creative longevity.
Thus, in order to organize a recreational and health-improving type of tourism, the territory must have natural healing resources, to

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which include landscape, bioclimate, hydro-mineral resources. Recreational resources are assessed on the basis of a factor-by-factor assessment of each of the components: relief, water bodies and soil and vegetation cover, bioclimate, hydro-mineral and unique natural healing resources, historical and cultural potential, etc., considered from the point of view of using it by a specific type of tourism.

Conclusion

Thus, programs for the organization of recreational tourism must have a multifunctional character:

Rest itself;
Leisure - recreational activities;
Wellness programs;
Must be able to raise the vitality of vacationers;
Satisfy their emotional and spiritual needs.

Harmonious physical development and assistance in the comprehensive development of a person;
Health promotion and disease prediction;
Ensuring a good rest for different ages and professions;
Maintaining a high level of performance;
Achievement of creative active longevity.

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conditions, provides switching of the neuro-emotional sphere to new objects.
Thirdly, recreational natural resources themselves contribute to the improvement of the body. It is not even worth proving the beneficial effect on health of such natural factors as moderate exposure to the sun, clean air and water, exposure to phytoncides in a pine forest, etc. In a natural recreational environment, natural immunity is stimulated, immunity to pathogens increases. Wellness and good rest tourists are also promoted by high-quality tourist service, as well as regular (unlike the bustle of the city) diet, exercise and rest; healthy diet. In general, we come to the conclusion that recreational tourism is characterized by a whole range of healing factors that have a beneficial effect on both the physical status of a person and his neuro-emotional sphere. It is their complex effect, where moderate muscular efforts are combined with nervous “relaxation”, positive emotions, and the hardening effect of natural sources of health, that makes up the health-improving effectiveness of recreational tourism.

List of used literature

1). Senin V. S. Introduction to tourism. M., 2003.-104s.
2). Gulyaev VG Organization of tourist activity. M., Knowledge, 2006. -312s.
3). Bagrova L.A., Bagrov N.V., Preobrazhensky V.S. Recreational resources.
M., 2007
4). Kvartalnov V.A. Tourism: Textbook. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2002. - 320s.
5). Zorin I.V., Kvartalnov V.A. Encyclopedia of tourism. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2003. - 368s.

Intentionally traveling for the purpose of recreation, people began only in 1841, in fact, from that time we can talk about the appearance new form leisure - tourist and recreational. Tourism satisfies people's need for recreation through a change of scenery. People began to specially go and go to places where they can relax, unwind, escape from the usual hustle and bustle. And so a special form of recreational activity appeared, during which a person restores his resources. about her and will be discussed in the review. We will tell you what are the features of this phenomenon, what are its types and how recreational tourism is organized.

Recreation and tourism

Tourism is becoming an increasingly important sector of the economy modern states. In this regard, there is a complication of this area of ​​activity. Systems of types and subtypes of tourism are being built, new modifications are appearing. And all this is trying to comprehend theorists. Today, researchers often talk about the recreational foundations of tourism, in this regard, the question arises about the relationship between the concepts of "tourism" and "recreation".

The first term refers to the temporary movement of people to other areas in order to meet the needs for relaxation, pleasure, knowledge, health improvement, etc. The second term usually refers to the restoration of human resources spent during work. Recreation is also proposed to be understood as the activity of people in the use of their free time. Thus, the concept of recreation is broader, since tourism is only one of the ways to relax and rejuvenate a person. There is something in common between recreation and tourism: both of these activities are associated with rest, relaxation, restoration of strength and resources. But there are also differences. Recreation can take place without moving to some other place, for example, lying on the couch after a working day is also a way to recuperate. And tourism can occur not only with recreational purposes, although it is fair to say that most of The purpose of tourism is recreational.

The concept of recreational tourism

In its most general form, recreational tourism can be characterized as follows: it is the movement of people in their free time to other territories in order to restore physical and mental resources. Almost all types of tourism fall under this broad definition. But the main antipode of recreational tourism is business tourism. In general, all movements in space for the purpose of earning, performing any duties and work do not belong to recreation. And all other trips with the aim of having fun and thereby restoring their resources are recreational. Thus, the essence of tourism, by and large, comes down to the fulfillment of a recreational function in human life. Travel is necessary in order to replenish the reserves of mental and physical strength. But not every trip fully contributes to productive rest. Here appears such a feature of the place to which the traveler travels, as potential opportunities to meet the needs of the tourist. In this case, it is worth talking about tourism not only from the side of the consumer of tourist services, but also from the side of their organizer. After all, tourism is also a business. And here it is necessary to talk about the recreational resources of tourism, which include not only the natural characteristics of the place, but also artificially created by people designing a tourist product.

Recreational resources

This term is understood as a system of natural and man-made objects that can satisfy the needs of tourists for recreation. As well as a set of objects on the basis of which you can create a tourist product, i.e. a tour for sale to a tourist. It's obvious that recreational resources- the basis of recreation and tourism. If a place has nothing that would help a person to restore at least some strength after work, then no one will come here. There is a branched classification of recreational resources, these include:

Natural objects (forest, sea, mountain, water, meadow);

Artificial objects ( architectural monuments and complexes, cultural and historical complexes, cities and settlements with a complex of attractions, resorts, places of worship and religion, objects of antiquity, as well as various events, including sports).

Thus, recreational resources include many different objects with different potential. There is also the practice of dividing resources according to movable/real estate, renewability/non-renewability.

Recreational resources are characterized by such features as heterogeneity of quality, exhaustibility and renewability, limited simultaneous use.

Natural and recreational resources

TO natural objects that can satisfy people's need for rest include:

• coasts of seas, rivers, various reservoirs;
• forest and meadow massifs;
• mountains and foothills;
• jungle and desert.

Based on them, National parks, reserves, resort areas, the necessary infrastructure is being formed.

Cultural and historical recreational resources

Artificially created objects include:

• museums;
• architectural complexes;
• capitals of the world;
• religious complexes and structures;
• sport events;
• festivals, holidays, competitions, ceremonies.

Tours are also being developed to deliver people to these facilities, and the necessary infrastructure is being created.

Classification of recreational tourism

There are several approaches to the allocation of types of recreational tourism. In the most conservative approach, only two types are distinguished: health-improving and cognitive. However, the ever-increasing complexity of the tourism system required a more thorough approach to identifying the types of recreational tourism. These include:

• wellness;
• informative;
• ethnographic;
• sports;
• religious;
• rural;
• ecological;
• gastronomic;
• cultural types of tourism.

There is even an attempt to substantiate the development of tourist and recreational tourism, which is aimed at achieving several goals at the same time: recreation, knowledge, and health improvement. An example in this case are vacationers who come to the resort with the main goal - to pass healing procedures. But they also make excursions around the resort, go in for sports: trekking, swimming, fitness, and also visit entertainment venues: casinos, bowling alleys, discos. It would be more appropriate to call this species mixed or actually recreational.

Another classification is related to the area in which it is carried out, in this case, they distinguish:

• mountain;
• nautical;
• forest,
• rural,
• industrial,
• jailoo,
• speleotourism.

According to the method of movement, hiking, automobile, air tourism, railway, bicycle, water, mountain, ski and other types of recreational tourism are distinguished. There are other classifications, but those listed fully characterize the concept of recreational tourism.

Health tourism

One of the most widespread in the world is recreational and health tourism. In order to improve their health, people go to resorts where they receive special treatment, and also improve their health due to the characteristics of the area: air, water, mud, etc. The features of this type of tourism are that the duration of the tour cannot be less than 3 weeks. Staying at a resort is always an impressive financial cost, since the tour includes not only treatment, but also accommodation and fare. Spa treatment predominantly consumed by tourists of the older age group, when health begins to suffer greatly.

appears today the new kind health-improving recreational tourism is preventive and sanatorium tours. Their goal may be to prevent any diseases, as well as to receive a course of procedures aimed at rejuvenating the body, relieving stress, and relaxing. There is also such a variety of this type of tourism as cosmetic tourism. As part of the tour, people receive a set of procedures aimed at improving the condition of the skin and body.

Cultural tourism

Cognitive recreational tourism is a huge variety of various subspecies. The fact is that cultural needs can be met with the help of a variety of objects: museums, attractions, events. According to the subject, educational tourism is also divided into many varieties: artistic, historical, literary, ethnographic, natural history and others. The development of a tourism product that satisfies such needs of the traveler should arouse his curiosity. Satisfying it, a person experiences pleasure, in addition, a person replenishes his spiritual strength.

Sports tourism

This type of travel is also called active tourism. As part of such tours, people cover long distances on foot, on skis, on horseback, in kayaks or catamarans. The purpose of such tourism is to enjoy physical activity, as well as the fight against stress, replenish mental strength. Sports tourism is associated with overcoming various obstacles, including overcoming oneself, one's fears. Sports recreational tourism should not be confused with simply sports tourism in which people compete in overcoming various obstacles. In this perspective, tourism ceases to be a means of replenishing resources, it becomes close to professional tourism.

Recreational tourism system

Since recreational tourism faces many tasks, its organization is also associated with a whole range of different activities. The organization of recreational tourism includes the following stages:

• selection of a recreational direction and assessment of its potential and resources;
• route development;
• compiling a list of necessary and their suppliers;
• compiling a list of possible additional products and services on the tour.

All these stages should find expression in the tourist service program. In addition, the organization of tourism includes providing the tourist with the necessary infrastructure: transport, accommodation and food. Staffing is also required. Recreational tourism is a specific area of ​​human activity. To meet the needs of tourists, qualified personnel are needed: doctors and other medically competent employees for health tourism, trained guides for educational tourism, instructors and trainers for sports tourism.

The concept of recreational activities

This concept was formed in psychology, where it is understood as the activity of a person in his free time, accompanied by positive emotions and having socially-approved characteristics. Like any activity, it must have a goal, structure, duration, tools. The main types of recreational activities are health and educational tourism and recreation. Under mass recreation imply the most different types activities, for example, fishing, hunting, walking in the park, etc. And recreational activities in tourism involve the organization of health resort treatment and cultural educational tourism, development of tours, routes, creation of transport infrastructure, formation of a network of accommodation and food places.

World experience

Tourism as a type of recreational activity appears in Europe in the middle of the 19th century. But it becomes widespread in the second half of the 20th century. At this time, the development of recreational tourism is gaining momentum: a lot of accommodation places are being created different levels, the catering network is expanding, and the transport infrastructure is improving. And tourism in one form or another becomes available to most of the population. All the developed countries start fighting for tourist flows. The capitals of states are becoming real tourist Meccas, with many attractions, museums, and entertainment enterprises. At the end of the 20th century, many states of the developing world are also joining this struggle. There are opportunities to travel in Africa, Asia, South America. Today you can see how countries are trying to win back their part of the recreational tourism market. of Eastern Europe- Romania, Croatia, Montenegro. They begin to develop infrastructure, study the recreational potential of their countries.

Russian practice of recreational tourism

Tourism in Russia has been developing with varying intensity since the beginning of the 20th century. Today it is recognized as one of the most promising areas of the economy, almost all regions of the country have begun to develop tourist attractiveness. Assessing the recreational tourism resources of Russia, experts note the huge potential of the country. and it's not just that. The richest cultural and historical heritage and wide geography allow the development of all types of recreational tourism. Not only suitable for educational tourism big cities, in which there are many attractions, but also small settlements. What is successfully proved, for example, by Myshkin, Ples, Suzdal and other small Russian cities. Territories are ideal for the development of recreational tourism Black Sea coast, Caucasus, Gorny Altai. In Russia, there are many conditions for the functioning of balneological resorts, sanatoriums and dispensaries.

The concept of tourism. Tourism and recreation

The concept of tourism. In modern scientific literature, many approaches to the definition of the concept of "tourism" are described. All these approaches are considered in most detail in their works by I. V. Zorin and V. A. Kvartalnov. One can only say that there are geographic, economic, marketing, industrial and other approaches.

In Russia, this concept is enshrined in law. The Federal Law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation”” defines tourism as "temporary departures (travel) of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons with permanent place residence for health-improving, recreational, educational, physical culture and sports, professional and business, religious and other purposes without engaging in activities related to receiving income from sources in the country (place) of temporary residence.

1. Temporary departure of people from their permanent place of residence for vacation, recreational, educational or professional business purposes without engaging in paid activities at the place of temporary residence (Recommendatory legislative act"On the basic principles of cooperation between the CIS member states in the field of tourism", 1994).

2. Activities of persons who travel and stay in places outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding one year for leisure, business and other purposes (United Nations Statistical Commission, 1993).

3. A special form of movement of people along the route in order to visit specific objects or satisfy a specialized interest.

4. The type of travel undertaken for recreational, educational, business, recreational or specialized purposes.

5. Movement (movement), being outside the permanent place of residence and the aspect of temporary stay in the object of interest. The Manila Declaration on World Tourism proclaimed: “Tourism is understood as an activity that has importance in the life of peoples due to the direct impact on the social, cultural, educational and economic spheres of the life of states and their international relations.

6. A form of mental and physical education, implemented through the social and humanitarian functions of tourism: educational, educational, health and sports.

7. A popular form of organization of recreation, leisure activities.

8. Branch of the economy for servicing people who are temporarily out of place permanent residence, as well as a market segment in which enterprises of traditional industries converge to offer their products and services to tour operators.

9. The totality of all types of scientific and practical activities for the organization and implementation of tourist and excursion, resort and hotel business.

One of the first and most accurate definitions of tourism was given by the professors of the University of Bern, W. Hunzicker and K. Krapf, and was later adopted by the International Association of Scientific Experts on Tourism. These scholars define tourism as a series of phenomena and relationships that arise as a result of the journey of people as long as it does not lead to a permanent stay and is not associated with the receipt of any benefit.

According to one of the first official definitions adopted by the UN in 1954, tourism there is active recreation that affects the promotion of health, the physical development of a person, associated with movement outside the permanent place of residence. A broader description of this concept was presented by the Academy of Tourism in Monte Carlo: tourism- a general concept for all forms of temporary departure of people from their place of permanent residence for recreational purposes, to meet educational interests in their free time or for professional and business purposes without engaging in paid activities at the place of temporary residence.

At the World Tourism Conference (Madrid, 1981) tourism is defined as one of the types of active recreation, which is travel made with the aim of learning certain areas, new countries and combined in a number of countries with elements of sports. At the same time, it should be noted that tourist trips will only be subject to the temporal (more than a day) and spatial (moving to another place) criteria.

In The Hague Declaration on Tourism (1989) tourism is defined as the free movement of people from their place of residence and work, as well as the service sector created to meet the needs resulting from these movements. From a legal point of view tourism represents the totality of relationships and services associated with a temporary and voluntary change of residence by a traveler for non-commercial or non-professional reasons.

From the standpoint of economic science tourism is considered as a large economic system with various connections between individual elements within the framework of both National economy individual country, and the links of the national economy with the world economy as a whole; as a sphere of economic activity, including the production and sale of tourist services and goods by various organizations that have tourism resources.

In the socio-cultural sphere tourism It appears as a special kind of interpersonal activity, which, under the conditions of the internationalization of life, has become a form of using free time, a means of interpersonal relations in the process of political, economic and cultural contacts, one of the factors determining the quality of life.

As a leisure activity tourism- this is the temporary movement of people from their place of permanent residence to another country or locality within their country in their free time from their main work in order to meet the needs for recreation, entertainment, knowledge, health improvement, as well as to solve professional or any other problems, but without paid work in the visited place.

In 1993, the UN Statistical Commission adopted a definition approved by the WTO and widely used in international practice: “ tourism covers the activities of persons who travel and stay in places outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. In this definition, there are three main criteria for tourism: a) travel outside the usual environment; b) the temporary nature of the movement; c) the purpose of the trip.

All existing definitions of tourism can be divided into two groups: 1) highly specialized (industry) definitions designed to perform private tasks, that is, used in legal regulation, statistical accounting, social policy, etc.; 2) conceptual definitions that serve as the basis for the first group and reflect the internal content of tourism.

An example of a conceptual definition of tourism can be considered the following definition: tourism is a set of relationships and phenomena arising from the movement and stay of people outside their permanent place of residence for reasons not related to work, but in order to meet cultural, health, relaxation, entertainment needs and for the sake of getting pleasure, as well as for other reasons, if they are not related to making a profit.

Let us now give the classical definition of tourism. Tourism- temporary movement of people from their place of permanent residence to another country or another area within their country in their free time for the purpose of obtaining pleasure and recreation, health and medical, guest, educational, religious or professional business purposes, but without employment in a place of temporary stay with a job paid from a local financial source.

In the process of tourism development, various interpretations of this concept appeared. However, the following criteria are of particular importance in determining this phenomenon:

Change of location. Trips will be considered tourist trips if they are made to a place outside the normal environment. However, people who make daily trips between home and place of work or study cannot be considered tourists, as these trips do not go beyond their usual environment.

Stay elsewhere. The main condition here is that the place of stay should not be a place of permanent or long-term residence. In addition, it should not be related to labor activity (wage). Another condition is that travelers must not stay in the place they visit for more than 12 months. A person who stays for 12 months or more in a certain place is considered a migrant.

Remuneration from a source in the visited place.The main purpose of the trip should not be to carry out activities paid from a source in the place visited. Any person entering a country for work paid from a source in that country is considered a migrant and not a tourist to that country. This applies to both international tourism and domestic tourism.

These three criteria, underlying the definition of tourism, are basic. But there is special categories tourists for whom these criteria are not enough - these are refugees, nomads, prisoners, transit passengers who do not formally enter the country, and persons accompanying or escorting these groups.

Many domestic and especially foreign experts consider tourism from the point of view of a systematic approach. According to the Swiss scientist K. Kaspar, the tourism system is based on two subsystems: subject of tourism(tourist as a consumer of tourist services) and tourism object, consisting of three elements - tourist region, tourist enterprises and tourist organizations.

Analyzing the concept of "tourism" using a systematic approach, we single out N. Leiper's concept(Professor at the Meissen University of Auckland). He considers tourism to be a system consisting of the following main elements: geographical component, tourists and tourism industry. The geographical component includes three main components: the region that generates tourists; transit region and region of tourist destination.

Destination a territory is called a territory that offers a certain set of services that meet the needs of a tourist, satisfy his demand for transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, etc., and which is the purpose of his trip. Therefore, a destination, in order to be such, must have: a) a certain set of services; b) sights; c) information systems.

So, there are five clearly identified important signs separating tourism from travel and other activities and processes:

ü temporary movement and visit to the destination and indispensable return back;

ü the presence of a destination as another locality (country), different from the place of permanent residence of a person;

ü tourism goals that differ in humanistic content and orientation;

committing tourist travel in free time from work or study;

ü Prohibition of the tourist to engage in activities in the destination, paid from a local financial source.

Tourism and recreation: general and special. Currently, there is a very complex terminological problem - the problem of the relationship between the concepts of "tourism" and "recreation". For several decades, scientists have been trying to separate these concepts. However, the problem remains unresolved. Within the framework of this paragraph, we will try to determine the general and special features of recreation and tourism, which are identified and recognized by the majority of specialists.

recreation is usually defined as "rest, restoration of a person's strength expended in the labor process." At the same time, the concept of recreation is less well-known and emotionally colored compared to rest, and therefore more accurate. It is better suited to the tasks of empirical and applied research, while rest is more convenient to use as a fundamental concept along with the category "work".

The boundaries of recreation are very wide. It covers short-term recreational activity (from micropauses in muscle work to smoke breaks at work and other routine forms of recreation) and long-term recreational activities during the period of annual labor holidays and vacations, as well as weekly rest. In the first case, recreation does not go beyond the scope of everyday life, human production activities, in the second case, it involves a long-term change in the usual way of life. Both the first and second types of recreation are necessary for the normal life of a person, regardless of his social status.

In contrast to recreation, the concept of tourism, in terms of content, socio-economic content, initially gravitated towards the category of leisure. Tourism is a multifaceted concept that reflects the complexity of the phenomenon itself. This is a kind of migration of the population, and the business sector of the world economy and the national economy, and the sphere of intercultural interaction. The presented list does not exhaust the whole variety of interpretations of tourism.

In domestic and foreign specialized literature, tourism often appears as a kind of "conceptual framework". Its internal space is filled with specific activities of a person during his stay outside his usual environment - health improvement, knowledge of the surrounding reality, entertainment, visiting relatives and friends, participation in business and professional events, worship of religious shrines (pilgrimage), treatment, etc.

As tourism emerged from the “shadow” of recreation and tourism problems received their own, independent sound, the understanding of the need for a clearer conceptual distinction between tourism and recreation and the elimination of strong scientific discrepancies in correlating these terms grew. The differences between them relate, first of all, to the scope of concepts and content. The main difference between tourism and recreation is the different ratio of social (socio-economic) and biological components.

Tourism and recreation also differ in the volume of concepts. Recreation includes short-term recreational activities within the framework of everyday life. Tourism, on the contrary, denies any manifestations of everyday life, routine, routine. Its indispensable condition is a relatively long change of environment, the usual way of life of a person. On this basis, short-term recreational, cultural, educational, entertainment and other activities that are motivationally similar to tourism activities, but are carried out within the usual environment for people, are outside the "conceptual framework" of tourism.

The scope of the concepts under consideration also differs in that travel for official purposes (without receiving income at the place of business trip) is an integral part of tourism, while recreation does not include professional human activities. Thus, tourist activity is not always recreational, and recreational is not always touristic.

An interesting view on the relationship between work, tourism, recreation and leisure is the point of view of the English geographers S. Hall and S. Page. They presented their model in the form of a drawing (Fig. 1.1.). The dotted lines in the figure show that the boundaries between the concepts under consideration are blurred. Work is opposed to leisure, but two areas of their interpenetration and integration are distinguished - business tourism and “serious” leisure (training, social activities, creative and intellectual activities, etc.).

Rice. 1.1. Correlation between the concepts of "work", "leisure", "recreation" and "tourism"

In the development of this idea in Western science stand out "pure" tourism (business, educational); “pure” recreation (short-term recreational activity within the framework of everyday life); transitional form - recreational or medical tourism and border types of tourism. Some of them - cultural, educational, sports, religious - occupy an intermediate position between "pure" and recreational tourism, others (trips to the country) are located on the border between recreational tourism and "pure" recreation.

In domestic practice, quite often there is a model showing the essential foundations of recreation and tourism. According to this model, the internal essential forces of a person include: the need for physiological rest (recreation); the need for movement (spatial activity). With stimulation from the side of knowledge, recreation in the broadest sense and tourism as a form of travel are formed; when stimulated by labor activity - migration.

The social component of people's activities can be attributed primarily to recreation, travel and tourism, to a lesser extent, can be defined as social phenomena. Tourism is economic in nature, while recreation is social. And the question of their volume correlation is not entirely correct due to the fact that tourism includes activities that are outside the boundaries of recreation. At the same time, recreation includes a number of activities that are not tourism in nature.

Alekseeva Victoria Igorevna
Materials of the international scientific conference
"Problems modern economy"(Chelyabinsk, December 2011)
Chelyabinsk: Two Komsomol members, 2011. - 190 p. - P.176.

The concept of recreational tourism

Tourism is one of the largest and most dynamic sectors of the economy, an important part of the foreign economic activity of many developed and developing countries of the world. The high rates of its development, large volumes of foreign exchange earnings actively influence various sectors of the economy, which contributes to the formation of the tourism industry. According to the tourism sector, it accounts for about 6% of the world's gross national product, 7% of world investment, every 10th workplace, 11% of global consumer spending, 5% of all tax revenue. By 2020, the number of international tourist trips will increase to 1.6 billion, that is, almost 3 times, and revenues will amount to about 2 trillion. dollars per year.

The Osaka Millennium Declaration, adopted at the Conference of the leading countries in the field of tourism (September 2001), noted that the economic impact of the tourism industry, as well as its impact on the social and natural environment, necessitates deepening research on the state and prospects of tourism development, taking into account the principles sustainable development, which allow balancing and comprehensively solving the problems of the survival of local communities, as well as tasks related to the protection natural resources and cultural objects. Sustainable tourism contributes to the resolution of contradictions that are caused, on the one hand, by the need to protect the natural environment, and on the other hand, by the need to ensure the development of the economy of local peoples. These goals are best met by such type of tourism as (ecotourism). The importance of tourism as a factor in achieving sustainable development was reaffirmed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg (South Africa, September 2002). At the same time, “sustainable development” is understood as “supported and improved satisfaction of the needs of the population without negative impacts on the natural environment”. At the First World Summit on Nature Tourism (Quebec, 2002), it was characterized as "responsible travel to natural sites while preserving the natural environment and improving the well-being of the local population."

The forecast for the development of tourism destinations made by the WTO and presented in the Tourism 2020 Vision study identifies the most promising destinations and types of tourism in the 21st century. One of the most popular types of tourism by 2020 will be recreational tourism.

Recreational tourism is an innovative direction of the tourist business in Russia. The relevance of this problem is determined Firstly, an extensive and unique in many respects basis for the implementation of tourism development programs in our country. Secondly, the region intended to be used as a recreational tourism zone has, as a rule, a poorly developed own socio-economic structure. This determines the importance and prospects of a special analysis of the processes that arise when objects of the tourist service sphere are included in this structure. It is, first of all, about the establishment of quantitative estimates of the conditions of ecological balance and the development of economic and mathematical models that take into account the socio-economic structure of the region with the inclusion of processes that ensure the development of tourism in recreational areas.

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