Petrovsky Razumovsky former village. Manor Petrovsky-Razumovsky

Manor Petrovsko-Razumovskoye, judging by some sources, takes its name from the names of its owners, and also, possibly, from the name of the Vysoko-Petrovsky monastery, since its lands were in close proximity.

The first mention of this place as a wasteland on the Zhabna River called Semchino, which is one of the lands of Alexander Shuisky, dates back to the end of the 16th century. In 1623, only two households and three peasants are mentioned, but in 1639, when the farm began to belong to Shuisky's nephew S.V. Prozorovsky, there were already 13 households. Boyar Naryshkin bought the village in 1678, erected the church of Peter and Paul here, and since then Semchino-Petrovskoye has rightly been officially called the village. In the second half of the 18th century, it began to actively develop under the new owner Kirill Razumovsky - he got these lands after his marriage to the maid of honor of the Empress, Ekaterina Naryshkina, as her dowry.

At this time, a palace built in the Baroque style appears here, presumably, it was the work of A.F. Kokorinov. The building material is mainly wood; a park is laid out at the palace. The estate as a whole was more like a city. There were from 50 to 80 buildings - very motley: brick, wood, painted wood. A dam was built, a whole cascade of picturesque ponds. The park was decorated with pavilions, grottoes, and graceful sculptures. In the summer, a lot of peasants were brought here to maintain the garden. Loved the park and Catherine II.

And after the death of the owner, the estate was inherited by the son of Razumovsky Kirill. The war with the French in 1812 left its mark - the cavalry of the enemy stood here, they say that even Napoleon himself was there for some time. The village, like many others, was plundered, the church was defiled. The once fruitful well-groomed gardens became gradually neglected: despite the fact that trees were cut down former owner banned, the ban was circumvented by sawing them down after the war to rebuild the burnt part of Moscow.

In 1829, the estate was acquired by the capital's pharmacist P.A. von Schultz, and in 1856 the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy was opened here. The park came to life again, another one was broken here - a dendrological one. This place has tragic story- a murder took place here in the Lily Grotto, described later in the novel "Demons", after which the grotto was dismantled.

The Academy has been named after K. A. Timiryazev since 1923. With the advent of scientists, the economy was brought into exemplary order, a dairy farm was organized, and the park itself became quite visited. A horse-drawn line appeared, on which K. G. Paustovsky worked.

In 1917 the village was incorporated into the capital. Since 1954, construction has begun here. residential area, and since 1991 a metro station has been operating. Now the park has an ecotrail and ski trails.

Manor Petrovsko-Razumovskoye This is a very ancient and beautiful place.

One version of the origin of the name "Petrovskoye" is based on the fact that Naryshkin, one of the first owners of the estate, was the grandson of Tsarevich Peter Alekseevich (Peter I). In honor of him, according to the opinion of some researchers, the village received part of its name - Petrovsky.

The second version is that the name is given by the church of the apostles Peter and Paul, which was built on the territory of the village. After the completion of the construction of the church in honor of the apostles Peter and Paul, in 1692, Semchino-Petrovskoye began to rightfully be called a village.

Part of the name “Razumovskoye” was given to the estate by the name of the owner K.G. Razumovsky.

This estate is worth Timiryazevsky park. In the 16th century, there was a wasteland and a small village of Semchino, which stood on the Zhabna River. This area belonged to the boyar Alexander Ivanovich Shuisky. Then the Petrovsky-Razumovsky estate passed to the nephew of Ivan Ivanovich Shuisky - the boyar Semyon Vasilyevich Prozorovsky. In 1676, after the death of Semyon Vasilyevich Prozorovskov, the Semchino estate was acquired by boyar Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin, who lived from 1623 to 1691.

In 1746, the village, as a dowry of Ekaterina Ivanovna Naryshkina (1729-1771), passed into the possession of Count Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky (1728-1803). Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky, the minion of fate, a simple Cossack who became a brilliant courtier thanks to his older brother, Alexei Razumovsky, the morganatic spouse of the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Beauty, liveliness, brilliant European education made him a count, president of the Academy of Sciences, hetman of Ukraine, the richest man in Russia.

In his estate, before entering Moscow for the coronation, Catherine II stopped in 1762.

His son Lev Kirillovich made manor park available for public festivities of the "clean" public. The all-Moscow holiday was held here on Peter's Day, June 29th.

Under Kirill Razumovsky, the dispensation of the estate begins. At the same time, the second part of the name of the estate appears - Razumovsky. At the place where Timiryazevskaya street now passes, according to the project of architect A.F. Kokorinov was built the main manor house in the form of a closed square with a vast courtyard.

A dam was erected on the Zhabna River (as Zhabenka was then called), thanks to which a picturesque cascade of ponds was formed, which have survived to this day under the name Academic or Bolshoy Sadovye; the park was decorated with statues, grottoes, pavilions. A regular park was laid out in french style, created terraces that have survived to our time.

Another attraction of the park has been preserved - the grotto, which used to decorate the pavilion, from where the owner of the estate and guests admired the surroundings.

The economic complex consisted of almost 50 buildings.

During Patriotic War In 1812, Petrovsko-Razumovskoye was occupied by the French cavalry army of Marshal Ney. Napoleon was there too. The French plundered the village, cut down the park, desecrated the temple.

Then the estate changed several owners, and in 1829 it was acquired by the pharmacist P.A. von Schulz.

November 14, 1860 was followed by the highest command to acquire the entire property of Schulz to the treasury for the "establishment of an agronomic institute, a farm and other agricultural institutions." In January 1861, the estate (723 acres of land, including 483 - master's and 40 - church) was purchased for 250 thousand rubles. The peasants were evicted in October 1861, part of them to the lands of the neighboring dacha in the village of Vladykino, where a new settlement was formed: Petrovsky settlements. More than 100 acres of land were divided into 110 leaseholds for 96 years.

The dilapidated palace of the Razumovsky estate was dismantled, and in its place, according to the project of the architect Nikolai Leontievich Benois (1813-1898), the architect PS Campioni built the main educational building in the Baroque style. It is decorated clock tower and unique convex glasses from Finland that have survived to this day. At the same time, office premises of the second half of the 18th century were rebuilt - outbuildings, a greenhouse (which housed the Agricultural Museum), an arena, a farm, etc.

On December 3, 1865, the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy was opened - a higher agricultural institution Russian Empire. Among the first professors of the academy were chemist P.A. Ilyenkov (1821-1877), agricultural practitioner I.A. Strebut (1833-1923), naturalist K.A. 1832-1908), economist A.V. Chayanov (1888-1937), soil scientist V.R. Williams (1863-1939) and others. has not been preserved to date.

In 1917, Petrovsko-Razumovskoye became part of the city of Moscow.
Now the Russian State Museum is located on the estate. agricultural university- Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev.
The academy bears the name of K. A. Timiryazev since 1923. With the advent of scientists, the economy was brought into exemplary order, a dairy farm was organized, and the park itself became frequently visited.

Since 1954, the construction of a residential area has been launched here, and since 1991 a metro station has been operating. Now the park has an ecotrail and ski trails.

Today, the estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskoye is protected by the state as an object cultural heritage federal significance. The area of ​​the object is 189.9 hectares. The entire territory belongs to the Moscow Agricultural Academy. K.A. Timiryazev. Museums of various profiles operate on the territory.

Which of the living people would not be curious to see how people lived before them, how they dressed, what they did, what they loved ... Unfortunately, we cannot go back to the past, and we will not get to know the people who lived then, but at least a little -Slightly open the veil of secrecy and plunge into the world of antiquity, we are allowed by the buildings of past years that have survived to this day. Now they are objects of cultural heritage and are completely saturated with the atmosphere and spirit of past eras. One of these buildings is the estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskoye in Moscow. What is her story?

Things of bygone days

Now at the place where the Petrovsky-Razumovskaya estate is located (pictured), Timiryazevskaya street lies. And earlier, back in the sixteenth century, when there was no street at all, there was the village of Semchino. At first, the princes Shuiskys were its owners, but later the village passed into the hands of the Prozorovskys, and even later, towards the end of the seventeenth century, it fell to the Naryshkins. It was under one of the Naryshkins that a stone church was erected in the village in the name of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The village itself was renamed, it became known as Petrovsky.

The second part in the name of the estate of Petrovsko-Razumovsky appeared almost a whole century later: it was then, in the middle of the eighteenth century, as a dowry for one of the daughters of the Naryshkins, this estate and the whole village together with it were taken over by one of the representatives of the counts Razumovsky, Kirill. The construction of the palace began on the estate; otherwise, it is now called the main house of the Petrovsko-Razumovskaya estate (it is clearly visible in the old photo above).

active construction

The phase of active construction on the territory of the new possession of the Razumovsky dynasty fell on the second half of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century. Stone walls of various buildings were erected near the main building, among which one can name a greenhouse, a horse yard, an arena, a room for carriages, a pavilion where Kirill Razumovsky kept his richest collection - he collected minerals and various geological rocks. Under the count, on the territory of the estate, a beautiful pond and a grotto appeared (the latter, by the way, as well as many buildings on the estate, have survived intact to our times). And with a beautiful regular park (regular, or, in other words, french park means the presence of a clear structure and a geometrically correct layout of paths and flower beds), laid out around the estate in the same years, with many trees and flowers, decorated with rich sculptures, the Petrovsko-Razumovskoye estate acquired a finished, inhabited look. However, she did not have long to be in the hands of her former owners ...

A Sound of Thunder

The next changes in the history of the estate were outlined in 1812. The war with France did not pass without a trace for the estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskaya. French invaders invaded there, shamelessly destroyed the estate and plundered it. The temple was defiled, a vast forest was cut down. The era of prosperity was replaced by an era of desolation and despondency, lasting, however, not so long: 1820 brought with it another change - the estate passed into the hands of the von Schultz brothers (to be more precise, it was one of them, a Moscow pharmacist). With them, the estate came to life, despite the fact that main house it, a beautiful example of the Baroque era, built in the form of a square, fell into disrepair. Shults rebuilt the estate for the most part for summer cottages; however, the main house of the estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskaya still remained. True, to be honest to the end, only the foundation has been preserved from the old main house. On this basis, one of the most famous metropolitan (and Russian) architects of that time (the yard was in the sixties of the nineteenth century) by the name of Benois erected a new building. It, of course, was no longer a palace, but it was it that, according to old memory, locals they named him. This building was no worse than the previous one: it was crowned with a clock with a bell, and the facade was decorated with convex glass.

In addition to the new building of the main house, more than thirty country houses appeared on the estate. And Pavel von Schultz, the new owner, in addition to being a pharmacist, was also a doctor of medical sciences. He was engaged in medicinal plants and, indulging his scientific interest, even created a kind of plantation in the estate. However, the Shults did not long own the estate with such a rich fate. Not far off was the time when the estate passed into the hands of the state ...

Agricultural Academy

Soon after the new building of the main house of the Petrovsko-Razumovskoye estate was erected, it was bought out to the treasury for two hundred and fifty thousand rubles - at that time it was very good money. The purpose of this enterprise was to create an agro-academy. It was created - the Petrovsky Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, one of the buildings of which was the former main house of the former estate. This happened in 1865. It is from this period that he leads his rich history Timiryazev Academy in the estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskaya - for more than one hundred and fifty years, though under different names, it has been opening its doors from year to year for those wishing to learn the art of agronomy. However, let's not get ahead of ourselves and return to the second half of the nineteenth century ...

The new educational institution in its status turned out to be “cooler” than the most noble of the universities and institutes that existed at that time - the agricultural institute, which in our time is called the Moscow Agricultural Academy. And consequently, there were plenty of students who wanted to study here. Yes, and no wonder: after all, among the teachers of the new House of Science there were so many eminent people of that time - P. Ilyenkov, and K. Timiryazev (it was after him that the academy was named later), and I. Strebut, and many other outstanding minds of the nineteenth century .

The new academy gained fame in the capital and nearby cities, however, she gained even greater fame after a murder was committed in one of the grottoes that survived from the former estate. And the notorious Sergei Nechaev put his hand to him ...

Grotto of the estate Petrovsko-Razumovskoye: the murder of a student

Under Kirill Razumovsky, several grottoes were located on the estate. One of them has survived to this day, others have long been destroyed and / or dilapidated. In one of these grottoes, Sergei Nechaev, a nihilist and revolutionary, a radical, and several representatives of his group, known as the "Nechaevites", late autumn In 1869, a student of the Petrovsky Academy, Ivan Ivanov, was killed. Nechaev was famous for his desire to subjugate people, to enslave them with his will. Ivanov had the imprudence not only not to submit to Nechaev, but also to object to him. Fearing that such an example would have a bad effect on his comrades from the circle, Nechaev decided to kill two birds with one stone: rally the team - once, eliminate the rebel - two.

Ivanov was first stunned with a blow to the head, and then Nechaev finished him off with a revolver, shooting him directly in the head. The guy's body was thrown under the ice into a nearby pond, believing that no one would find him until spring. However, the student was discovered a few days later, and in hot pursuit, the killers were able to be detained. Everyone except Nechaev - he fled to Switzerland. However, three years later the Swiss nevertheless extradited him to the Russian authorities, and a few years later Nechaev died in prison. Since then, the former estate has gained its notoriety, however, this tragedy did not diminish those wishing to study in it, and the grotto was soon dismantled.

Buildings on the territory of the academy

Separately, it must be said about other (besides the former main house) buildings of the former estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskaya (the entrance to them is closed, but more on that later). Some of the existing buildings were erected specifically for the needs of the Academy, some were rebuilt from those that existed earlier. For example, under the previous owners, a horse yard and an arena were located on the territory of the estate. With the advent of the Petrovsky Academy, these buildings turned into a dairy farm and a forest library, respectively.

And besides the new buildings, which were intended both for study and for living (both houses for the teaching staff, and original student dormitories), many different sculptural structures and monuments were erected on the estate, including, by the way, Kliment Timiryazev. It also has its own arboretum.

Changing of the Guard

Or rather, the names. Until 1894, the educational institution was called the academy. In the year mentioned, it was closed, and instead of it a similar institute arose with botanical garden. However, a little more than twenty years later, the “academy” was returned to the name of the institution. This happened exactly in 1917.

twentieth century

In the year of the Great October Revolution, another event occurred that affected the life of the former estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskaya: it began to refer to Moscow and received the prefix "Moskovskaya". And six years later, the fact that it was once named after the great emperor was forgotten, and the educational institution was named after no less great, but not the emperor, but the scientist - Kliment Timiryazev. The whole area where the former estate was located and the park on its territory received the same name. The area has been actively developed residential buildings, and the agricultural, or Timiryazev, Academy was at its center.

However, we will be insincere if we say that in the thirties of the last century, only construction was carried out on the square of the former estate. Demolition also took place: objectionable buildings were demolished, and Peter-Pavel's Fortress near the former estate. A liquor store was opened in its place, however, it did not last too long.

Currently

Starting from the current century, the agricultural Timiryazev Academy in the official name has an additive: "Russian State Agrarian University". It consists of four institutes and seven faculties, as well as thirty-one additional units, including a zoo station, a field experimental station, an apiary, an incubator, a plant protection laboratory, and so on.

Manor Petrovsko-Razumovskoye: how to get inside

Many lovers of antiquity, and not only, would like to take a walk on the territory of the former estate. And maybe go inside it. However, everyone who wonders how to get to the Petrovsko-Razumovskoye estate will be severely disappointed - because the entrance there, as mentioned above, is closed. The entire vast park, the entire once luxurious territory of the estate belongs exclusively to the students of the Timiryazev Academy. "Mere mortals" can only admire appearance buildings due to the high fence that surrounds the area.

However, inquisitive minds still managed to figure out how to get into the Petrovsko-Razumovskaya estate: through a hole in the fence. It is not too wide, and you will have to sweat before you can get into the territory. However, this does not stop Muscovites, and even mothers with strollers manage to crawl into the cherished place. It is worth recognizing that the park of the Timiryazev Academy is really very beautiful, and walking there is a pleasure. However, inside the buildings, whatever one may say, it will still not be possible to go through.

Where is the homestead

As it was already possible to conclude, the former estate of the Counts Razumovsky is located in the Timiryazevsky district. The full address of the estate, and now the academy, is as follows: Timiryazevskaya street, house 49.

How to get there

To get to the Timiryazev Academy, you need to get to the bus stop land transport with the same name. Many buses go there, including routes numbered 22, 87, 801 and so on. You can also get there by metro: in this case, you should get off at the Petrovsko-Razumovskaya stop and walk along the Upper Alley.

1. One of the owners of the estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskaya is the grandfather of Emperor Peter the Great, a representative of the Naryshkin family. It was under him that the village of Semchino became Petrovsky.
2. Under Lev Naryshkin, all kinds of mass celebrations were held on the estate, at which all of Moscow gathered. One of them is Peter's day.
3. The pharmacist von Schultz was the initiator of the appearance of a boat and rescue station at the estate.
4. Among the students of the Petrovsky Academy, she was simply called Petrovka.
5. Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel "Demons" is based on the events connected with the murder of student Ivanov.
6. There were no exams at the Petrovsky Academy, and the subjects could be chosen by the students themselves.

In every city of our country, a huge number of ancient architectural structures that surround us with the breath of ancient times. And acquaintance - at least superficially - with the history of these buildings gives us the opportunity to feel involved in the life of past years, gives us the opportunity to remember what happened once, and carry this memory into the future.

In the 16th century, on the site of the future Petrovsky-Razumovsky, there was the village of Semchino, which belonged to the Shuisky princes, which later passed to the Prozorovskys. In 1676, the village was bought by the boyar Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin, the grandfather of Peter I. At the end of the 17th century, a stone church in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul was erected here - a magnificent example of Moscow baroque. Both the village and the estate were named Petrovskoye.

The first stone civil buildings were erected no earlier than the 1730s under Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin. And in 1746, the estate as a dowry of Ekaterina Ivanovna Naryshkina passed into the possession of Count Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky, the younger brother, favorite and, as many suggest, the possible husband of the Empress. The estate received the second part of its name and became Petrovsky-Razumovsky. At the same time, the construction of the palace began according to the project of the architect A.F. Kokorinov.

In addition to the main house, in the second half of the 18th - early 19th centuries, a number of stone buildings, some of which have survived to this day. The complex of the Horse Yard in the form of a closed square with towers at the corners, possibly erected according to the design of the architect Valen de la Mothe, the Manezh building, a carriage house, greenhouses. As well as the pavilion, located to the left of the main house, and called the "Temple of the Goddess of the Underworld Proserpina" (later - "Red Dacha"), which housed a rich collection of minerals and geological rocks of Count Razumovsky (now within these walls is the Museum of the Timiryazev Academy). A vast regular park was laid out with a park terrace decorated with busts of Roman emperors.

In 1812, the estate housed the headquarters of the Napoleonic marshal, "Prince Moskvoretsky", Michel Ney. The estate was looted, part of the park was cut down.

In the 1820s, the von Schultz brothers became the new owners of Petrovsky-Razumovsky. In the 1830s and 1840s, most of the buildings were rebuilt as summer cottages. In total, about 30 country houses were erected. Baron Pavel von Schultz, doctor of medicine, pharmacist, was mainly involved in the estate. Under him, a plantation of medicinal plants, Boat and Rescue Stations appeared here.

In 1861, Petrovskoye-Razumovskoye was bought out to the treasury by "highest order" for 250 thousand rubles, "in order to establish an agronomic institute, a farm and other agricultural institutions."

The main house of the estate, seriously dilapidated by that time, was dismantled. And according to the project of the architect N. L. Benois, the architect P. S. Campioni built the main educational building in the “Rastrelli” Baroque style. New house they put it not in the same place, but with some indentation deep into the park (Timiryazevskaya street, 49). Above the place where the Razumovsky Palace stood, now the asphalt of Timiryazevskaya Street.

In 1865, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry was opened, which was named Petrovskaya "in memory of Sovereign Peter Alekseevich the Great." The students called their "alma mater" "Petrovka".

For the needs of the Academy a number of buildings old manor was rebuilt. The horse yard was turned into a dairy farm (Timiryazevskaya street, 48), the Manege was built on the second floor and the Forest Library was located here (Priyanishnikova street, 17), in the former carriage shed - the fire station of Petrovka (Timiryazevskaya street, 56). Opposite the main house, circumferences were arranged, designed for student dormitories (Timiryazevskaya street, houses Nos. 52 and 54). On the territory of the Petrovsky Academy, a number of new buildings were erected according to the designs of architects G. A. Kaiser, S. I. Tikhomirov, N. N. Chernetsov. As well as wooden houses for professors of the Academy. The most interesting is the house of Schroeder-Williams, which has survived to this day (Timiryazevskaya street, 53). The design of this house was brought from London by K. A. Timiryazev. The chief gardener of the Academy, R. I. Schroeder, lived in it. Somewhat later, Professor V. R. Williams settled on the ground floor, whose descendants still live here. On Pryanishnikov Street (house number 21), a wooden house of priests, cut down in 1806, has been preserved. The childhood years of the famous artist A. Ya. Golovin, whose father was a professor of theology at the Academy, passed here. Currently, this monument is in an extremely deplorable state.

Since 1879, the Meteorological Observatory named after A.I. V. A. Michelson.

In 1912, at the corner of modern Timiryazevskaya and Pryanishnikov streets, a monument was unveiled to the famous forester Professor M. K. Tursky by sculptor P. V. Dzyubanov.

After the revolution, the Petrovsky Academy received the name of the famous scientist K. A. Timiryazev. In the pre-war years, a number of new buildings were built according to the designs of architects B. M. Iofan, E. V. Shervinsky and others. Construction was carried out in subsequent years.

Unfortunately, in the 1930s, the Peter and Paul Church was completely senselessly destroyed.

Today, on the territory of the old estate there is the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev" (FGBOU VPO RGAU-MSHA named after K. A. Timiryazev). And also a number of other educational institutions. There are several small but very interesting museums.

The estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskoye is a very ancient and beautiful place.
One version of the origin of the name "Petrovskoye" is based on the fact that Naryshkin, one of the first owners of the estate, was the grandson of Tsarevich Peter Alekseevich (Peter I). In honor of him, according to the opinion of some researchers, the village received part of its name - Petrovsky.
The second version is that the name is given by the church of the apostles Peter and Paul, which was built on the territory of the village. After the completion of the construction of the church in honor of the apostles Peter and Paul, in 1692, Semchino-Petrovskoye began to rightfully be called a village.
Part of the name “Razumovskoye” was given to the estate by the name of the owner K.G. Razumovsky.
This estate stands in the Timiryazevsky park. In the 16th century, there was a wasteland and a small village of Semchino, which stood on the Zhabna River. This area belonged to the boyar Alexander Ivanovich Shuisky. Then the Petrovsky-Razumovsky estate passed to the nephew of Ivan Ivanovich Shuisky - the boyar Semyon Vasilyevich Prozorovsky. In 1676, after the death of Semyon Vasilyevich Prozorovskov, the Semchino estate was acquired by boyar Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin, who lived from 1623 to 1691.
In 1746, the village, as a dowry of Ekaterina Ivanovna Naryshkina (1729-1771), passed into the possession of Count Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky (1728-1803). Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky, the minion of fate, a simple Cossack who became a brilliant courtier thanks to his older brother, Alexei Razumovsky, the morganatic spouse of the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Beauty, liveliness, brilliant European education made him a count, president of the Academy of Sciences, hetman of Ukraine, the richest man in Russia.
In his estate, before entering Moscow for the coronation, Catherine II stopped in 1762.
His son Lev Kirillovich made the manor park accessible for public festivities of the “clean” public. The all-Moscow holiday was held here on Peter's Day, June 29th.
Under Kirill Razumovsky, the dispensation of the estate begins. At the same time, the second part of the name of the estate appears - Razumovsky. At the place where Timiryazevskaya street now passes, according to the project of architect A.F. Kokorinov, the main manor house was built in the form of a closed square with a vast courtyard.
A dam was erected on the Zhabna River (as Zhabenka was then called), thanks to which a picturesque cascade of ponds was formed, which have survived to this day under the name Academic or Bolshoy Sadovye; the park was decorated with statues, grottoes, pavilions. A regular park in the French style was laid out, terraces were created that have come down to our time.
Another attraction of the park has been preserved - the grotto, which used to decorate the pavilion, from where the owner of the estate and guests admired the surroundings.
The economic complex consisted of almost 50 buildings.
During the Patriotic War of 1812, Petrovsko-Razumovskoye was occupied by the French cavalry army of Marshal Ney. Napoleon was there too. The French plundered the village, cut down the park, desecrated the temple.
Then the estate changed several owners, and in 1829 it was acquired by the pharmacist P.A. von Schulz.
November 14, 1860 was followed by the highest command to acquire the entire property of Schulz to the treasury for the "establishment of an agronomic institute, a farm and other agricultural institutions." In January 1861, the estate (723 acres of land, including 483 - master's and 40 - church) was purchased for 250 thousand rubles. The peasants were evicted in October 1861, part of them to the lands of the neighboring dacha in the village of Vladykino, where a new settlement was formed: Petrovsky settlements. More than 100 acres of land were divided into 110 leaseholds for 96 years.
The dilapidated palace of the Razumovsky estate was dismantled, and in its place, according to the project of the architect Nikolai Leontievich Benois (1813-1898), the architect PS Campioni built the main educational building in the Baroque style. It is decorated with a clock tower and unique convex glass from Finland, which have survived to this day. At the same time, office premises of the second half of the 18th century were rebuilt - outbuildings, a greenhouse (which housed the Agricultural Museum), an arena, a farm, etc.
On December 3, 1865, the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy was opened - the highest agrarian institution of the Russian Empire. Among the first professors of the academy were chemist P.A. Ilyenkov (1821-1877), agricultural practitioner I.A. Strebut (1833-1923), naturalist K.A. 1832-1908), economist A.V. Chayanov (1888-1937), soil scientist V.R. Williams (1863-1939) and others. has not been preserved to date.
In 1917, Petrovsko-Razumovskoye became part of the city of Moscow.
Nowadays, the Russian State Agrarian University - the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev is located on the estate.
The academy bears the name of K. A. Timiryazev since 1923. With the advent of scientists, the economy was brought into exemplary order, a dairy farm was organized, and the park itself became frequently visited.
Since 1954, the construction of a residential area has been launched here, and since 1991 a metro station has been operating. Now the park has an ecotrail and ski trails.
Today, the estate of Petrovsko-Razumovskoye is protected by the state as an object of cultural heritage of federal significance. The area of ​​the object is 189.9 hectares. The entire territory belongs to the Moscow Agricultural Academy. K.A. Timiryazev. Museums of various profiles operate on the territory.