Where is Bakhchisarai located, what and how to get there, what to see. Bakhchisaray - oriental fairy tale of Crimea

Bakhchisaray (Bakche-saray) - in translation - a palace in a garden, a city in a garden - the former residence of the Crimean khans of the Gireys, who ruled the khanate for the entire period of its existence, more than 350 years, from 1420 to 1783.

Several settlements have long existed on the territory of present-day Bakhchisaray. By the time the city was formed in the first half of the 16th century. among them there were three main ones: the fortress city of Kyrk-Yer on a mountain cape (now known as Chufut-Kale), the village of Salachik in the gorge at the foot of Kyrk-Yer and the village of Eski-Yurt at the exit from the valley. After Kyrk-Ora (Chufut-Kale), the city became the capital of the Crimean Khanate. In the Middle Ages, Bakhchisaray was a major trade and craft center of the Crimea.

The village of Salachik retained the status of the capital of the Crimean Khanate until 1532, when the son of Mengli Gerai, Sahib I Gerai, founded a new khan's residence 2 km from Salachik, calling it Bakhchisaray. Subsequently, the capital city grew around the new khan's residence.

In the middle of the 17th century, Bakhchisaray consisted of 2,000 houses, about a third of which belonged to the Greeks. In 1736 the city was completely burned down. Russian army under the command of Minich. The buildings of the Khan's palace that have survived to this day were built during the restoration of the city in the 1740s - 50s. In 1794 (11 years after Crimea became part of Russian Empire) in Bakhchisarai there were 5 mills, 20 bakeries, 13 leather workshops, 6 forges, tailoring, shoe and weapon workshops, numerous trading houses and shops, 17 caravanserais for visitors.

After the annexation of the Crimea to Russia - a provincial town of the Simferopol district, now the center of a large agricultural region.

Modern Bakhchisaray consists of three parts approximately equal in area: the Old City, the New City and new quarters (5th, 6th and 7th microdistricts). Old city located in a narrow valley of the Churuk-Su river, it is characterized by a traditional layout preserved from the Middle Ages (narrow crooked streets) and traditional Crimean Tatar houses. The new city is called the quarters built after the Great Patriotic War. This area, stretched along the railway and the Simferopol-Sevastopol highway, is dominated by private "resettlement" houses and block five-story buildings - "Khrushchev". The third part of the city was built in the 1990s by the Crimean Tatars who returned from the places of deportation. The large 6th microdistrict is located on a plateau on the left bank of the Churuk-Su parallel to the Old City. The 7th microdistrict is smaller, it is located at the entrance to the city from Simferopol. In these areas, the layout of the streets is regular (all streets are straight and intersect at right angles), and the development consists of private houses with small household plots. In the post-war period, the villages of Eski-Yurt, Ak-Chokrak, Aziz (part of the New City) and Salachik (Staroselie) (part of the Old City) entered the city limits of Bakhchisarai.

Bakhchisaray is a sightseeing city: almost everyone who comes to Crimea considers it necessary for himself to visit the former capital of the Crimean Khanate, about which we have heard so much since school, to visit Khan-Saray - Khan's Palace, the very one from where the “ruler of two continents and the ruler of two seas” sent his army on another evil raid and behind the high walls of which passions boiled: where, “breathing with jealousy”, proud Zarema suffered, and, “quietly fading in captivity”, yearned young Maria, where, never ceasing, “water murmurs in marble and drips with cold tears ...”

Three roads lead to Bakhchisarai. From the South Bank you can drive through the Ai-Petrinsky pass and the village of Sokolinoye along the famous Kokozskaya valley, famous as one of the most beautiful places mountainous Crimea. This is the longest (78 kilometers) and difficult road with steep ascents and descents, with many turns.

The second road - from the hero city of Sevastopol - runs along the lower part of the Belbek River valley, abundant orchards and vineyards. A variant of this path is from north side Sevastopol along the valley of the river Kacha past numerous villages.

The third road - from Simferopol - allows us to trace the gradual transition from the steppe to the uplands of the Outer and Inner ridges of the Crimean mountains. It is the shortest (30 kilometers), most tourists travel along it. We will give preference to her.

chief historical monument And tourist attraction Bakhchisaray is the palace of the Crimean khans - Khansaray. The fountain of tears in the Khan's palace is glorified in A. S. Pushkin's romantic poem "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai" (1822). There are many mosques in the city, among them Tahtali-Jami can be distinguished.

One day the son of Khan Mengli Giray went hunting. He descended from the fortress into the valley. Immediately behind the fortress walls, dense forests full of game began to appear. It was a good day for hunting, many foxes, hares and even three wild goats were hunted by hounds and greyhounds. The khan's son wanted to be alone. He sent his servants with booty to the fortress, he himself climbed into the thicket, jumped off his horse and sat on a stump near the river Churuk-Su. The tops of the trees, gilded by the setting Sun, were reflected in the jets of water. Only the sound of the river running over the stones broke the silence.

Suddenly, a rustle was heard on the other side of the Churuk-Su. A snake quickly crawled out of the coastal bush. She was pursued by another. Started death match. Wrapping around one another, the snakes tore pieces of each other's bodies with sharp teeth. The fight went on for a long time. One snake, all bitten, exhausted, stopped resisting and lowered its head lifelessly. And from the thicket, through the thick grass, a third snake hurried to the battlefield. She attacked the winner - and a new bloody battle began. Rings of snake bodies flickered in the grass, illuminated by the sun, it was impossible to keep track of where one was, where the other. In the heat of the fight, the snakes crawled away from the shore and hid behind a wall of bushes. From there came an angry hiss and crackling of branches.

The Khan's son did not take his eyes off the defeated snake. He thought about his father, about his kind. They are now like this half-dead snake. Here are the same bitten ones who ran away to the fortress, sit in it, trembling for life. Somewhere there is a battle, and who will win in it: the Golden Horde - the Turks or the Turks - the Golden Horde? And he and his father, Mengli Giray, can no longer rise like this snake ...

Some time has passed. The young khan noticed that the snake began to move, trying to raise its head. With difficulty, she succeeded. She slowly crawled towards the water. Having strained the rest of her strength, she approached the river and plunged into it. Wriggling faster and faster, the half-dead became flexible in her movements. When she crawled ashore, there were not even traces of wounds left on her. Then the snake again plunged into the water, quickly swam across the river and, not far from the astonished man, disappeared into the bushes.

The son of Mengli Giray rejoiced. This is a lucky sign! They are destined to rise! They still live like this snake...

He jumped on his horse and rushed to the fortress. He told his father what he saw by the river. They began to wait for news from the battlefield. And the long-awaited news came: the Ottoman Porte defeated the Horde Khan Ahmed, who once exterminated all the soldiers of Giray, and drove himself into a fortress on a steep rock.

At the place where two snakes fought in a deadly battle, old khan ordered to build a palace. This is how Bakhchisaray arose. The khan ordered to carve two snakes that had intertwined in the battle on the palace coat of arms.

The climate of Bakhchisarai is mild and healthy. Cool air entering the gorge softens the summer heat. Evenings and nights are cooler here than on the southern coast of Crimea. Air currents in the gorge where the city is located determine its microclimate. The left bank of the Churuk-Su River, more gentle, is cooler than the right one, with steep cliffs that do not let northeast winds through. Bakhchisarai, like the rest mountain Crimea, free from sea fogs. The average annual temperature is +10°.

Most cold month- February ( average temperature+0.8°), the hottest is July (+21.7°).

The amount of precipitation in the Bakhchisaray region is 400-500 millimeters per year (in the mountains - up to 700, and on the peaks high mountains and in wooded hollows - up to 1000 millimeters). This largely determines the nature of the vegetation: the flora here is predominantly drought-resistant - xerophilous (especially in the steppe part and on open plateaus).

The ancient city of the peninsula, which was the capital of the Crimean Khanate, is located in the very central part of Crimea.

This is the center of the district of the same name, where the Inner Range of Mountains passes.

Bakhchisarai is comfortably located at the foothills on the one hand, on the other - it is a forest-steppe zone, the valley of the tributary of the Kacha.

Simferopol is located not far from Bakhchisarai - thirty kilometers away.

Where is Bakhchisaray

The city is located on different height above sea level. The minimum height is 150 meters, and the maximum is 340 meters, although walks around the outskirts of Bakhchisarai allow you to find beaches on higher altitude- from 500 to 600 meters.

In order to understand where the beach is located in Bakhchisaray, you need to look at a map or guide. To the nearest of them to go 15-20 km.

The city consists of three parts:

Old city;

New town;

New city blocks.

The territory of Bakhchisaray is constantly increasing, due to the fact that many villages are included in the city. They can be located very close to the center, and located at a remote distance.

How to get there

You can get to Bakhchisarai by three roads, the location of which can be viewed on the map, determining the exact distance of where it is.

The first road passes through the southern coast of Crimea and the Ai-Petrinsky pass. Further the road goes in the village of Sokolinoe, located in the Kokozskaya Valley.

This is one of the most difficult road routes of the peninsula with a length of 78 km. The distance to Bakhchisaray along this road is associated with overcoming steep ascents, descents and turns.

On the second road, you can get there faster if the traveler is in Sevastopol. It passes through a picturesque area - the lower part of the valley of the Belbek River or along the tributary of the Kacha.

The third way leads from Simferopol. To understand where the road to Bakhchisaray is located, you need to look at the External and Internal mountain ranges on the map. The distance between the current capital of the peninsula and the former Khan's kingdom is 30 kilometers, so this route is most often used by tourists and motorists.

A bit of history

Bakhchisaray arose on the site of the most ancient settlements that existed here in different historical eras. In the 16th century there was the Kyrk-Er (Chufut-Kale) fortress, the villages of Salanchik (not far from the gorge) and Eski-Yurt, as soon as they left the river valley.

It was Kyrk-Er that became the capital of the khanate, which contributed to the development of the fortress in the Middle Ages. It was one of the most major centers trade and crafts on the Black Sea coast.

Related materials:

Entertainment for children in Alushta

Who said kids need to be entertained? They entertain, entertain, and then suffer that they do not want to work. But when a child is small, his biggest ...

Osovino - a nook near Kerch

Cape Lantern - the most eastern point Crimea, Osovina very close, around the corner from Kerch Strait to the Sea of ​​Azov. Osoviny - on a deserted Azov coast. ...

Circum-Baikal Railway

From the point of view of engineers and architects, the Baikal Railway is a masterpiece. From the passenger's point of view, it's breathtaking scenery passing through the window. From the point...

In the valley of the river Churuk-Su, is located Bakhchisaray - resort town, inherited "inherited" from the Crimean Khanate.
Bakhchisaray attracts primarily mild climate. The winds blowing from the mountains "cool" the heat, so even high temperatures are easily tolerated here. The peak of cold weather falls on February - +0.8 °С, and July is considered the hottest month - +21.7 °С.

History of Bakhchisaray.

The name of the city is associated with its "heart" -. Translated from Crimean Tatar, it means "Garden Palace", which fully corresponds to the description of Khan-Saray. The future capital was formed at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries, when Khan Mengli I Giray began building the city in small village Salachik, which later became the "support" of the Crimean Khanate. Later, in 1532, the son of the Khan, Sahib I Giray began the construction of Khan-Saray, from which Bakhchisaray. With the completion of construction, the city becomes the new capital of the Crimean Khanate.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, the Tatar nobility and most of population emigrated to Istanbul. Bakhchisarai quickly became empty and turned into an average county town.
The city is experiencing a “second birth” already under Soviet rule: industrial enterprises are opening, destroyed monuments are being restored.
Today to rest in Bakhchisaray come specially to admire the quaint architecture, feel the oriental flavor and touch the centuries-old history.

Sights of Bakhchisarai.

"Crimean Istanbul" - this is how Bakhchisarai is called. His unique architectural monuments are famous far beyond the borders of Russia, attracting tourists from all over the world like a magnet.

• . The legendary monument of architecture, from which the birth of Bakhchisarai began. This is a whole complex of individual structures, completed and rebuilt over the years. Only here you can get into the enchanting atmosphere of the East and get acquainted with its unique architecture. Entrance is paid, the ticket price depends on the number of buildings visited - you will have to pay for a visit in almost every building of the complex.
• . Included in palace complex Khan-Saray. Tourists are familiar with the work of A. S. Pushkin "The Fountain of Bakhchisaray". Built in honor of the early deceased wife of the Khan.
• . Founded by Byzantine monks, during the period of the Crimean Khanate it was the central stronghold of Christianity throughout the peninsula. Located 3 km from the city, in the town of Staroselye. You can get there either by car or by bus. The monastery takes enough large area so it's best to set aside a full day to visit.
• . A cave city-fortress founded in the 5th-6th centuries. All buildings are made of stone, organically fitting into the mountain landscape. Located on a mountain plateau, above the Assumption Monastery. In order to get here, you have to walk about 1.5 km along mountain road. It can be very hot on the plateau, so it is better to stock up on hats and drinking water.
• Mausoleum of Dzhanyke-Khanym. One of the attractions cave city-fortress. It was built in honor of the daughter of Khan Toktamysh. Today it is a unique example of the architecture of Asia Minor. It is a small structure made of stone blocks with a massive portal.
• . Many Crimean sights will appear before visitors in all their glory. On the territory of the park you can see all the most famous villas, palaces, estates and other architectural monuments of Crimea. For kids, the park has a "Multipark" and a mini-zoo, where you can feed and stroke the fluffy inhabitants.

Where to live in Bakhchisarai? mass walks scheduled buses. In addition to buses, Simferopol and Sevastopol are connected by an electric train that stops at Bakhchisaray. If you get from, then the only option is own car, bus routes from Yalta to Bakhchisaray no.

This is the heart of Crimea. In world history it is known, first of all, as a city in which the capital of the Crimean Khanate was located for two and a half centuries. Arriving in Bakhchisaray, you will plunge into history in reality, as there is a unique opportunity to contemplate the Crimean peninsula as it was many years ago. At every step you can get acquainted with great history, which was created on the territory of the city of Bakhchisarai. As a result, a large number of tourists come here every year. Bakhchisaray is filled with a peculiar color: mosques, winding streets, historical monuments.

Bakhchisaray translated from the Crimean Tatar means "palace-garden". Bakhchisaray is beautiful not only for its antiquity, but also for its picturesqueness, as it is located at the foot of the Inner Ridge of the Crimean Mountains at an altitude of 140-350 meters above sea level. Here you can find variety flora forest-steppe area. Bakhchisarai is located in the valley of the Churuk-Su river.

The city is unique with a variety of aromas: steppe air, Mountain air along with notes of forest aroma and sea air. The cool air that enters the gorge makes the summer heat more accommodating. For those to whom the climate is impossibly hot, Bakhchisaray is completely suitable for relaxation. Climatic conditions in Bakhchisarai favorable for human health: warm, with mild winters. The average air temperature in winter is from 0.8°С to 1°С warm, in summer - from 20°С to 22°С warm. Average annual temperature is 10°C. The advantage of the Bakhchisarai climate is that sea fog never falls on the city, as it is stopped by mountain ranges.

The variety of flora is determined by the amount of precipitation. The average annual precipitation is 450–500 mm in the Bakhchisaray area. In the mountains - no more than 700 mm, at high mountain peaks- no more than 1000 mm. This area is dominated by oak and pine forests, a variety of steppe grasses, as well as shrubs. All of them are resistant to arid climatic conditions.

Population of Bakhchisaray is 26 thousand people, which is divided into Tatars, Russians, Greeks, Ukrainians and Jews.

Bakhchisaray today is divided into 3 parts. All of them are approximately equal in area. The first part is the Old Town, which is characterized by its narrow, winding old-style streets. The second part is the New City, which was built after the war. The main buildings are standard Soviet five-story houses. The third part is the new quarters, which are characterized by the intersection of streets at right angles. This part of the city is dominated by private houses with small plots of land. The Bakhchisaray district is divided into: the city of Bakhchisaray, three settlements, 79 villages and two urban-type settlements.

Bakhchisarai can be reached in three different ways. The first path is over the mountain south coast peninsulas. It will be the longest and hardest, but at the same time the most beautiful and picturesque way. The second way is through the Belbek river valley from. This path will allow you to enjoy the beauty of the river, the variety of vineyards and orchards. The third way is through the steppe zone to the mountain heights from. This road is the shortest, but no less picturesque. You can trace the smooth transition from the steppe to the mountains.

Bakhchisaray has some calming effect. All the inhabitants in it are calm and balanced. One gets the impression that it is simply impossible to scream there, except perhaps from happiness.

Bakhchisaray- a city in the style of "ethno".
Bakhchisaray- a small town, an old town, a colorful town. By some miracle, it survived amid the total standardization and unification of the Soviet period, preserving the elusive aura of the past in the intricate pattern of old streets.

Story
The very first buildings of Bakhchisaray appeared at the end of the 14th century in the area called Eski-Yurt or Azis (the area of ​​the modern railway station). It was a small settlement that arose on caravan route from Chersonese to Perekop. The Tatars from the Yashlav family who settled here were active in trade and levied a duty on merchants.

But history of Bakhchisaray, as the capital of the Crimean Khanate, begins later, from the 15th century, when the khan's residence was transferred from Solkhat to the vicinity of Kyrk-Ora (Chufut-Kale). Under the cliffs of the Burunchak plateau, in a cozy valley, the first Khan's palace - Ashlama-Saray, which has not survived to this day, is being built, and the settlement of Salachik is gradually growing around. Now it is the far outskirts of Bakhchisarai.

Over time, the small valley became cramped for the growing Khan's court, and the ruler's residence moved to the valley of the Churuk-Su River. On the left bank of the river, a new palace is growing, surrounded by the khan's gardens. Hence the name of the city. Funny, at first glance, sounding, it translates as "palace in the garden." The right bank of the valley is occupied by urban areas.
Bakhchisarai was typical eastern city. with narrow winding streets. The houses closely adjoined each other, hanging over the street with picturesque balconies. Shops and workshops were located on the first floors. Coffee houses were an indispensable attribute of the old Bakhchisarai. They differed from the lively European ones in a quiet, calm atmosphere. There was no noise, no loud talking. Sometimes, in the evenings, musicians would come. Traditionally, coffee was served without sugar.
The small town fascinated with its exotic appearance. All travelers described it in a positive way. Griboedov, who visited the Crimea in 1821, described the summer night in Bakhchisarai in 6 words: “Music, coffee, murmur of fountains, mosques, poplars.”

Old Bakhchisaray was also famous for its artisans. Their products were sold far beyond the Crimea. Leather products were especially good, merchants from the Caucasus came every year to buy Bakhchisarai saddles. Gunsmiths were famous. Melee weapons made in Bakhchisarai were distinguished by good steel, exquisite finishes and significantly surpassed Turkish ones in quality. The Turks even tried to establish the production of fakes, putting Bakhchisarai stamps on their products.

The oriental flavor of Bakhchisaray was preserved even after joining Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century, out of a population of 13,000, 11,000 were Crimean Tatars. During this period there were 32 mosques, 2 madrasahs. 3 Christian temples, a kenasa and a synagogue.

In Soviet times, Bakhchisaray turned into an ordinary town, specialized in the production of building materials and the processing of agricultural raw materials. Here was a cement plant that worked on local marls. Bakhchisaray juice extract plant produced raw materials for the production of fruit waters and fruit and berry puree for candy filling. Many factories were his customers former Union, including such famous ones as the Moscow "Udarnitsa" and "Red October". Before the war, it was one of three such factories in the Soviet Union. Since 1932, the Bakhchisaray essential oil enterprise has been operating, processing lavender, sage, and rose. At the end of the 60s, it produced annually more than 20 tons of essential oils - more than all the other essential oil enterprises of Crimea together produced.

Nowadays, a cement plant, a winery operate in Bakhchisarai, and numerous attractions attract tourists during the season. a large number of tourists.

Geographical position and natural features.
Bakhchisaray is located in the southwestern part Crimean peninsula, 38 km from the capital of Crimea, 45 km from Sevastopol and 76 from Yalta. From sea ​​coast removed by 15-20 km.

The nature of Bakhchisaray surroundings is unique and picturesque. These are the so-called Crimean foothills with a characteristic cuesta relief: the southern slopes of the mountains are steep, the northern slopes are gentle. The tops have a flat table-like surface.

Buildings of Bakhchisaray placed on a wide depression separating the outer and inner ridges Crimean mountains, at an altitude of 150-300 m above sea level. The old quarters "creep" into the narrow valleys of the inner ridge. The height of the surrounding mountains is 400-550m.

Climate of Bakhchisaray cooler than climate South Coast, but softer than Simferopol. The average annual temperature is +10, the average temperature in February is +0.8, the average temperature in July is +21.7.
The average annual precipitation is 400-500mm.

Vegetation predominantly xerophytic, drought-resistant. The northern slopes are covered with oak-hornbeam forests. You should not imagine them in the form of dense forests of thick centuries-old oaks. Something similar can be seen only in one place - at the Karaite cemetery near Chufut-Kale. There, indeed, there are thick old oaks. This is the sacred grove of the Karaites, where cutting trees was considered sacrilege. In all other places the forests are overgrown. The oak trees are thin, the stems are 10 centimeters in diameter, and between them there are dense thickets of hornbeam (eastern hornbeam), through which it is very difficult to get through. There are a lot of dogwood, hawthorn, and hazel in such forests.

The southern slopes are covered with juniper light forests, and on open places herbaceous vegetation predominates with patches of Dubrovnik, thyme, Iberian, Tatar-tea (Crimean ironwort), etc.

The animal world is not rich. You can meet a fox, a hare, a squirrel. Possible (but extremely rare) encounters with wild boar.

The nature of the Bakhchisarai environs is especially beautiful in May-June. Until the grass burnt out. During this period, many hikers come here - romantics with backpacks and cameras.

How to get there
You can get to Bakhchisarai from Sevastopol and Simferopol without any problems. Transport links with these cities are excellent.

From Sevastopol

• buses to Bakhchisaray leave every hour from the city bus station. On the way 40-50 minutes
• train 4 times a day. Travel time is 1 hour 20 minutes.

From Simferopol

• train 4 times a day. On the way 1 hour
• bus from the bus station Zapadnaya or bus station Kurortnaya at the railway station (from the latter you can take a bus going to Sevastopol). On the way 40 minutes

Bakhchisaray minimum program, sights

Khan's Palace
Travel by minibus number 2. When landing, be sure to ask if it goes to the Old or New City. Of course, the Khan's Palace and everything else is in the old one.
The Khan's Palace is a complex of buildings of the 16th-18th century, repeatedly rebuilt and restored. The Sultan's Topkapi Palace in Istanbul served as a model for its construction.

Access to the outer courtyard is free. A tour of the palace itself is paid and only accompanied by a guide. Despite high cost tickets, I recommend visiting to everyone. Traditional Muslim architecture is very distinctive. The palace has many cozy courtyards, light wooden balconies and stairs, colorful carpets and stained-glass windows. All this merges into one multi-colored mosaic, constantly changing, like the glass of a kaleidoscope. And also fountains, including the famous fountain of tears, familiar to everyone who read Pushkin ..

Assumption Monastery
The Assumption Monastery is probably the only one that is accessible to people with any level of physical fitness. Everyone can overcome a slight rise, even on asphalt, even pensioners and preschoolers.
The Assumption Monastery was founded at the beginning of the 15th century, and by its end it became the residence of the metropolitan, the center of Orthodoxy in the Crimea. Unlike most other Christian monasteries, it did not cease to exist at the time when Islam became the dominant religion in the Crimea. Moreover, the Crimean khans themselves revered him and even provided material assistance!
The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin is carved into the limestone monolith of the mountain. A staircase leads to it, first attached, then rocky. The restoration of the monument was carried out at a high artistic level. All buildings fit into the landscape, do not dissonate with it, do not argue with nature. The staircase of the temple is crowned with a beautiful belfry. Rising to the temple, you can take a break and admire the surroundings from the balconies without disturbing other visitors.
In summer it is very crowded. Small medieval temple was not designed for such a large number of pilgrims. Therefore, it is better to visit it in the off-season.
You can get there by the same minibus number 2. Exit at the end. It is 2 stops further than the Khan's Palace.
An asphalt road leads from the stop to the monastery.

Complex of monuments of Muslim architecture
Before starting the ascent to the Assumption Monastery, it is worth visiting the complex of Muslim buildings: the Mausoleum of Mengli Giray (1501). and Zinjirli-madrasah (1500). Madrasah is a Muslim religious school. "Zindzhir" - translated into Tatar - "chain". An iron chain hangs over the doorway. To get inside and not bang your head on it, you have to bend down. In this way, medieval students were taught to bow when they entered the temple of knowledge. Near the mausoleum and madrasah, another monument was recently excavated - a bathhouse, of about the same time of construction.

Chufut-Kale
A well-maintained asphalt path leads to Chufut-Kale from the Assumption Monastery. Just before the gate itself, you will have to climb a little along the path.
Scientists have not come to a consensus about the time of the emergence of this settlement. They give dates from 6 to 10-11 AD. Historians believe that at first there was a temporary shelter here, and only from the 14th century did permanent buildings appear. The heyday of Chufut-Kale, or, as it was called earlier - Kyrk-Ora, falls on the 15th century. It is believed that the Alans were the first inhabitants of the settlement. Then, in the 14th century, they were replaced by the Tatars. At the end of the 15th-early 16th century, the Tatars left the fortress and only Karaites and Armenians remained in it, and after the eviction of Christians from Crimea by Catherine 2, only Karaites. Since then, the name Chufut-Kale appeared - a Jewish fortress (the Karaites, being a Turkic people, professed Judaism). The last inhabitants left the settlement not so long ago - in the 19th century, therefore it has been preserved incomparably better than others. cave cities. Here you can see not only cave structures, but also ground structures, such as Karaite kenas and, dating back to the Tatar period, Dzhanike-Khanym durbe.

Tik-Kuyu well
It is located in front of the entrance to Chufut-Kale. This is what I recommend to everyone! You won't regret the money spent! A true masterpiece of "digging" art. Deep into the rocky base there is an inclined 86-meter gallery, at the end turning into a vertical screw well, piercing the earth's firmament to a depth of 45 m. I will not describe. You need to see with your own eyes.

Karaite cemetery and sacred grove of Karaites
If after visiting all of the above you still have the strength, then you can see this monument. The cemetery has existed since the 13th century. The last burials took place in the 20th century. Karaites believe that you can live anywhere, but you need to be buried on native land. There are several thousand stone tombstones piled up on the slopes. Their shape is unusual for our eyes, the symbolism is incomprehensible. Each headstone has an epitaph in Hebrew. Many are carved with a cypress, symbolizing death, and a rose, symbolizing Sunday. The cemetery is surrounded by the sacred grove of Balta-teimez (“the ax will not touch”) with old thick oaks.
The trail, crossing the cemetery, continues on and if you make a little effort, you can reach a plateau with good observation decks. A dirt road runs along the plateau. Turning left, you can go back to the walls of Chufut-Kale along it. I recommend returning in this way.

Mausoleums of Azis
A complex of monuments of Muslim architecture, represented by several mausoleums-tombs (durbe).
In 14-15 a cemetery appeared here, where noble beys and their relatives were buried. Over some graves, monumental tombs were erected, which have survived to this day.
You can walk here from the railway station.