famous travelers. Trips. Modern Russian travelers
If you think that all outstanding wanderers remained in the era of the Great geographical discoveries, then we hasten to convince you: our contemporaries also make amazing trips. It is these people that will be discussed.
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If we talk about the great travelers of our time, then it is impossible to ignore the unique talent of Fyodor Filippovich Konyukhov to conquer what, at first glance, is impossible to conquer. Today Konyukhov is the first of the best travelers planets to which the Northern and south pole, highest peaks world, seas and oceans. He has more than forty expeditions to the most inaccessible places on our planet.
Descendant Northern Pomors from the Arkhangelsk province was born on the shore Sea of Azov in the fishing village of Chkalovo. His irrepressible thirst for knowledge led to the fact that already at the age of 15, Fedor crossed the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov on a fishing rowing boat. It was the first step on the way to great achievements. Over the next twenty years, Konyukhov takes part in expeditions to the North and South Poles, conquers the highest peaks, makes four trips around the world, participates in a dog sled race, crosses Atlantic Ocean. In 2002, the traveler made a solo voyage across the Atlantic in a rowboat and set a record. More recently, on May 31, 2014, Konyukhov was met in Australia with several records at once. The famous Russian became the first to cross Pacific Ocean from continent to continent. It cannot be said that Fedor Filippovich is a person fixated only on travel. In addition to the nautical school, the great traveler has the Belarusian Art School in Bobruisk and the Modern Humanitarian University in Moscow. In 1983, Fedor Konyukhov became the youngest member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. He is also the author of twelve books on own experience overcome the difficulties of travel. At the end of the legendary passage across the Pacific Ocean, Konyukhov said that he was not going to stop there. He plans new projects: flying around the world on hot-air balloon, circumnavigation for 80 days for the Jules Verne Cup on a keel yacht with a crew, diving into Mariana Trench.
Today, this young English traveler, TV presenter and writer is known to an audience of millions thanks to the highest-rated TV show on the Discovery Channel. In October 2006, the program “Survive at all costs” began to air with his participation. The goal of the TV presenter is not only to entertain the viewer, but also to give valuable advice and recommendations that may come in handy in unforeseen situations.
Born Bear in the UK in a family of hereditary diplomats, he received an excellent education at the elite Ladgrove School and the University of London. Parents did not interfere with their son's hobby sailing, rock climbing and martial arts. But the future traveler received endurance and survival skills in the army, where he mastered skydiving and mountaineering. These skills helped him subsequently achieve his cherished goal - the conquest of Everest. This event took place at the very end of the last century, in 1998. Bear Grylls has just irrepressible energy. The list of his travels is huge. From 2000 to 2007 he sailed around british isles thirty days to raise funds for Britain's Royal Water Rescue Society; crossed on an inflatable boat North Atlantic; flew over the Angel Falls on a steam-powered plane, dined in a balloon at an altitude of more than seven thousand meters; paragliding over the Himalayas... In 2008, the traveler led an expedition organized to climb one of the most remote unclimbed peaks in Antarctica. Almost all of the expeditions Grylls participates in are charitable.
If you think that long journeys are the prerogative of the strong half of humanity, then you are deeply mistaken. And this was proved by the young American Abby Sunderland, who at the age of 16 alone made a round-the-world trip on a yacht. Interestingly, Abby's parents not only allowed her to make such a risky venture, but also helped to prepare for it. It should be noted that the girl's father is a professional sailor.
January 23, 2010 the yacht left the port of Marina Del Rey, in California. Unfortunately, the first voyage was unsuccessful. The second attempt took place on 6 February. Very soon, Abby reported damage to the yacht's hull and engine failure. At that time she was between Australia and Africa, 2 thousand miles from the coast. After that, the connection with the girl was interrupted, and nothing was known about her. The search operation was unsuccessful, and Abby was declared missing. However, a month later, a distress signal was received from the yacht from the southern part of the Indian Ocean. After 11 hours of searching by Australian rescuers in a severe storm, a yacht was discovered in which, fortunately, Abby was safe and sound. A large supply of food and water helped her survive. The girl said that all the time after the last communication session she had to overcome the storm, and she physically could not get in touch and send a radiogram. Abby's example inspires the brave in spirit to test their abilities and not stop there.
One of the most original travelers of our time spent on his unusual journey around the world as much as thirteen years of life. The non-standard situation was that Jason refused the achievements of civilization in the form of any kind of technology. The former British janitor went on his world tour with a bicycle, a boat and… roller skates!
Photo: mikaelstrandberg.com
The expedition started from Greenwich in 1994. The 27-year-old Lewis chose his friend Steve Smith as his partners. In February 1995, the travelers reached the United States. After 111 days of sailing, the friends decided to cross the states separately. In 1996, rollerblading Lewis is hit by a car. He spent nine months in the hospital. After recovering, Lewis goes to Hawaii, and from there on a pedal boat sails to Australia. On Solomon Islands he hit the epicenter civil war, and off the coast of Australia he was attacked by an alligator. Upon arriving in Australia, Lewis cuts short the trip due to financial difficulties and works for a short time at a funeral home and sells T-shirts. In 2005, he moved to Singapore, from there to China, from which he moved to India. Having traveled the country on a bicycle, the Briton reaches Africa by March 2007. The remainder of the Lewis route passes through Europe. He cycled through Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Belgium, then swam across the English Channel and returned to London in October 2007, completing his unique journey around the world. James Lewis proved to the whole world and to himself that there is no limit to human capabilities.
Photo: mikaelstrandberg.com
These people sailed to the horizon, crossed oceans, unknown lakes and uncharted valleys in search of new countries, riches and adventures. Among the most famous travelers in world history who explored our planet, discovering new lands, are Roald Amundsen, Christopher Columbus and 7 other outstanding personalities.
A Norwegian explorer who undertook several expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic and, together with his team, on December 14, 1911, after an exhausting race with a competitor, Robert Falcon Scott, became the first person to reach the geographic South Pole. Previously, Roal was the first to cross the Northwest Passage (1903-1906).
He was born on July 16, 1872 in the Norwegian city of Borg and died on June 18, 1928 at the age of 55 near Bear Island in the Arctic.
An English polar traveler, a naval officer, who reached the South Pole with his escort on 01/17/1912, about a month after Amundsen's competitor. Robert's first expedition, during which he explored Victoria Land and the Ross Ice Shelf, took place in 1901-1904.
He was born on June 6, 1868 in Devonport (Plymouth, England). He passed away on March 29, 1912 (aged 43) at the base camp in Antarctica.
3. . The famous British navigator and discoverer, who first mapped Newfoundland and became the first European to discover the eastern coast of Australia and Hawaii. In three voyages, James explored the Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic coast to the Bering Strait.
Born November 7, 1728 in Marton (Middlesbrough, England). 02/14/1779 was killed at the age of 50 by the natives of Hawaii in Kileikkua (Big Island, United States).
4. . Portuguese sailor, who, on the instructions of the Spanish king in 1519, set off on a circumnavigation, following to the west. So Fernand discovered the Strait of Magellan, later named after him, located at the upper tip of South America. He was not destined to tell about the discovery at home. In 1522, only a few members of the team returned to Portugal.
He was born in 1480 in Sabroz (Vila Real). On April 27, 1521, at the age of 41, he died at the hands of aborigines on the island of Mactan in the Philippines.
5. . One of the most famous Portuguese sailors and pioneers who found a sea route to India in 1498 on behalf of Henry the Navigator. On the flagship São Gabriel, accompanied by two other ships (São Rafael und Bérrio), Vasco rounded the cape Good Hope and returned in 1499 home to Lisbon. The sailors filled the holds to the top with sacks of spices.
Vasco was born in Sines (Setubal) in 1469 and died in Kochi (India) on December 24, 1524 at the age of 55.
6. . Florentine navigator, navigator, merchant and cartographer. For the first time he suggested that the part of the world found by Christopher Columbus and later called "America" is a previously unknown continent. The name associated with the name "Amerigo" was proposed by the Freiburg im Breisgau cartographer Martin Waldseemüller.
A Florentine was born on March 9, 1451 in Florence (Republic of Florence, now Italy). He died at the age of 60 in Seville (Spain) on February 22, 1512.
7. . The most famous sea traveler from Genoa, who, on behalf of Spain, crossed the Atlantic Ocean four times in search of an easier sea route to India, eventually opening the continent America for Europeans (1492), which began the era of colonization. During the first expedition, in which the ships Pinta, Niña and Santa Maria, Christopher after 36 days accidentally discovered the island of San Salvador in the Caribbean Sea.
He was born in 1451 in Genoa (Republic of Genoa, now a province of Italy). He died on May 20, 1506 in Valladolid (Spain), when he was 55 years old.
8. . A Venetian merchant who documented his travels and often backed up what he saw with evidence. Thanks to him, Europeans learned about Central Asia and China. According to Marco, he lived at the court of the Chinese emperor Kubla Khan for 24 years, but historians doubt this. The name Polo inspired the discoverers of the following generations.
Born in 1254 in Venice (Republic of Venice, now Italy) and died there at the age of 70 on January 8, 1324.
Scandinavian navigator who reached the North American continent 5 centuries before Columbus. In the 11th century, he sailed to it on his ship and became the first European to set foot on this land. Leif dubbed the found territory Vinland. The Scandinavian established trade relations between Greenland, Norway and Scotland.
Ericsson had a fiery temperament. Born in Iceland in 970, and died on the island of Greenland at the age of 50 in 1020.
(nicknamed Red). Norwegian-Icelandic navigator and discoverer. For the murder in 982 he was expelled from Iceland for 3 years and, making a sea voyage, came across west coast Greenland, where he founded the first Viking settlement in 985. Eirik called the discovered territory "green land".
Although in Russian the nickname of the Norman is translated as "red", historians believe that in fact it means "bloody". Thorvaldson was born in 950 in Jären (Norway). He died in 1003 at the age of 53 in Brattalida (Greenland).
These people made important discoveries, influencing the course of history. They explored the Arctic and Antarctic, "gave" the Europeans North America, Greenland and other lands. Travelers paved new sea and land routes that facilitated trade between countries.
Without the Russian pioneers, the map of the world would be completely different. Our compatriots - travelers and navigators - have made discoveries that have enriched world science. About the eight most notable - in our material.
Bellingshausen's first Antarctic expedition
In 1819, the navigator, captain of the 2nd rank, Thaddeus Bellingshausen led the first Antarctic expedition around the world. The purpose of the voyage was to explore the waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, as well as to prove or disprove the existence of the sixth continent - Antarctica. Having equipped two sloops - "Mirny" and "Vostok" (under the command), Bellingshausen's detachment went to sea.
The expedition lasted 751 days and wrote many bright pages in the history of geographical discoveries. The main one - - was made on January 28, 1820.
By the way, attempts to open white mainland undertaken earlier, but did not bring the desired success: there was not enough luck, or maybe Russian perseverance.
So, the navigator James Cook, summing up his second circumnavigation, wrote: “I went around the ocean of the southern hemisphere in high latitudes and rejected the possibility of the existence of the mainland, which, if it can be found, is only near the pole in places inaccessible to navigation.”
During Antarctic expedition More than 20 islands were discovered and mapped by Bellingshausen, sketches were made of the views of Antarctica and the animals living on it, and the navigator himself went down in history as a great discoverer.
“The name of Bellingshausen can be directly put on a par with the names of Columbus and Magellan, with the names of those people who did not retreat before the difficulties and imaginary impossibilities created by their predecessors, with the names of people who went their own way, and therefore were the destroyers of barriers to discoveries, by which epochs are designated, ”wrote the German geographer August Petermann.
Discoveries of Semenov Tien-Shansky
Central Asia at the beginning of the 19th century was one of the least studied areas the globe. An undeniable contribution to the study of the "unknown land" - as they called Central Asia geographers - introduced by Peter Semenov.
In 1856, the main dream of the researcher came true - he went on an expedition to the Tien Shan.
“My work on Asian geography led me to a thorough acquaintance with everything that was known about inner Asia. In particular, the most central of the Asian mountain ranges, the Tien Shan, beckoned me to itself, on which the foot of a European traveler had not yet set foot and which was known only from scarce Chinese sources.
Semenov's research in Central Asia lasted two years. During this time, the sources of the Chu, Syrdarya and Sary-Jaz rivers, the peaks of Khan-Tengri and others were put on the map.
The traveler established the location of the Tien Shan ranges, the height of the snow line in this area and discovered the huge Tien Shan glaciers.
In 1906, by decree of the emperor, for the merits of the discoverer, they began to add a prefix to his surname - Tien Shan.
Asia Przewalski
In the 70s-80s. XIX century Nikolai Przhevalsky led four expeditions to Central Asia. This little explored area has always attracted the researcher, and traveling to Central Asia was his old dream.
Over the years of research have been studied mountain systems Kun-Lun , the ranges of Northern Tibet, the sources of the Yellow River and the Yangtze, basins Kuku-burrow and Lob-burrow.
Przhevalsky was the second person after Marco Polo to reach lakes-bogs Lob-burrow!
In addition, the traveler discovered dozens of species of plants and animals that are named after him.
“Happy fate made it possible to make a feasible study of the least known and most inaccessible countries of inner Asia,” Nikolai Przhevalsky wrote in his diary.
Around the world Krusenstern
The names of Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky became known after the first Russian round-the-world expedition.
For three years, from 1803 to 1806. - this is how long the first circumnavigation of the world lasted - the ships "Nadezhda" and "Neva", having passed through the Atlantic Ocean, rounded Cape Horn, and then reached Kamchatka by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. The expedition refined the map of the Pacific Ocean, collected information about the nature and inhabitants of Kamchatka and the Kuriles.
During the voyage, Russian sailors crossed the equator for the first time. This event was celebrated, according to tradition, with the participation of Neptune.
A sailor dressed as the ruler of the seas asked Kruzenshtern why he had come here with his ships, because the Russian flag had not been seen in these places before. To which the expedition commander replied: "For the glory of science and our fatherland!"
Expedition of Nevelskoy
Admiral Gennady Nevelskoy is rightfully considered one of the outstanding navigators of the 19th century. In 1849, on the transport ship "Baikal", he went on an expedition to Far East.
The Amur expedition continued until 1855, during which time Nevelskoy made several major discoveries in the area downstream Cupid and northern shores Sea of Japan, annexed vast expanses of the Amur and Primorye to Russia.
Thanks to the navigator, it became known that Sakhalin is an island that is separated by the navigable Tatar Strait, and the mouth of the Amur is accessible for ships to enter from the sea.
In 1850, the Nikolaevsky post was founded by the Nevelsky detachment, which today is known as Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.
“The discoveries made by Nevelsky are invaluable for Russia,” wrote Count Nikolai Muravyov-Amursky , - many previous expeditions to these lands could achieve European fame, but not one of them achieved domestic benefit, at least to the extent that Nevelskoy did it.
North Vilkitsky
The purpose of the hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Ocean in 1910-1915. was the development of the Northern Sea Route. By chance, the captain of the 2nd rank Boris Vilkitsky assumed the duties of the head of navigation. The icebreaking ships Taimyr and Vaygach put to sea.
Vilkitsky moved along the northern waters from east to west, and during the voyage he managed to draw up a true description north coast Eastern Siberia and many islands, received the most important information about currents and climate, and also became the first who made a through voyage from Vladivostok to Arkhangelsk.
Members of the expedition discovered the Land of Emperor Nicholas I. I., known today as New Earth- this discovery is considered the last of the significant on the globe.
In addition, thanks to Vilkitsky, the islands of Maly Taimyr, Starokadomsky and Zhokhov were put on the map.
At the end of the expedition, the First World War began. Traveler Roald Amundsen, having learned about the success of Vilkitsky's voyage, could not resist exclaiming to him:
“In peacetime, this expedition would stir up the whole world!”
Kamchatka campaign of Bering and Chirikov
The second quarter of the 18th century was rich in geographical discoveries. All of them were made during the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions, which immortalized the names of Vitus Bering and Alexei Chirikov.
During the First Kamchatka campaign, Bering, the expedition leader and his assistant Chirikov, explored and mapped pacific coast Kamchatka and Northeast Asia. They discovered two peninsulas - Kamchatsky and Ozerny, Kamchatsky Bay, Karaginsky Bay, Cross Bay, Providence Bay and St. Lawrence Island, as well as the strait, which today bears the name of Vitus Bering.
Companions - Bering and Chirikov - also led the Second Kamchatka Expedition. The goal of the campaign was to find a route to North America and explore the islands of the Pacific.
IN Avacha Bay The members of the expedition founded the Petropavlovsk prison - in honor of the ships of the voyage "Saint Peter" and "Saint Pavel" - which was later renamed Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
When the ships set sail for the shores of America, by the will of evil fate, Bering and Chirikov began to act alone - because of the fog, their ships lost each other.
"Saint Peter" under the leadership of Bering reached west coast America.
And on the way back, the expedition members, who had many difficulties, were thrown by a storm onto small island. Here the life of Vitus Bering ended, and the island on which the expedition members stopped to spend the winter was named after Bering.
"Saint Pavel" Chirikov also reached the shores of America, but for him the voyage ended more safely - on the way back he discovered a number of islands of the Aleutian ridge and safely returned to the Peter and Paul prison.
"Non-Yasak Lands" by Ivan Moskvitin
Little is known about the life of Ivan Moskvitin, but this man nevertheless went down in history, and the reason for this was the new lands he discovered.
In 1639, Moskvitin, leading a detachment of Cossacks, set sail for the Far East. The main goal of the travelers was to "find new unclaimed lands", to collect furs and fish. The Cossacks crossed the rivers Aldan, Maya and Yudoma, discovered the Dzhugdzhur ridge, which separates the rivers of the Lena basin from the rivers flowing into the sea, and along the Ulya river they entered the Lamskoye, or Sea of Okhotsk. Having explored the coast, the Cossacks opened the Taui Bay and entered the Sakhalin Bay, rounding the Shantar Islands.
One of the Cossacks said that the rivers in the open lands “are sable, there are a lot of animals, and fish, and the fish is big, there is no such thing in Siberia ... there are so many of them - just run a net and you can’t drag it out with fish ... ".
The geographical data collected by Ivan Moskvitin formed the basis of the first map of the Far East.
Would you like to travel around the world at least once? Almost everyone will answer this almost rhetorical question in the affirmative. There are happy people in our world who do not set the goal of their whole life to earn capital in a stuffy office, do not stick around all day on the Internet, do not watch TV shows season after season at night, but admire the various corners of our planet, the diversity of its peoples and beauties.
If you think that with the departure of the Age of Discovery, outstanding travelers have sunk into oblivion, then you are mistaken! Our contemporaries also made and are making the most amazing journeys. Among them are scientists who went in search of confirmation of their theories, explorers of the deep sea, and just adventurers who ventured to travel around the world alone or with like-minded people. Much has been written about their travels. documentaries, and thanks to them, we can see the whole world through their eyes, real, alive, full of dangers and adventures.
1. Jim Shekdar
A native Englishman, he began to travel and get acquainted with the culture of other countries since childhood, at the age of 7 he moved to live in India. Cheerful and desperate Englishman, inspired by the transatlantic passage on the boat of two more noble English gentlemen, Sir Charles Blyth and John Ridgway, decided to do it himself.
After several attempts, he nevertheless accomplishes his plan with his friend Jason Jackson in 65 days, having passed the entire Atlantic Ocean on a rowboat. It becomes not enough for Shekdar and he decides to conquer the Pacific Ocean, and moreover, alone, in a way that no one has done.
Having loaded his boat with provisions for 8 months, he sails from Peru, and after numerous encounters with sharks, collisions with a tanker and a 9-month journey on the remnants of provisions, the courageous Jim with arthritis of the hip joint reaches the "opposite shore", and with a breaking wave on the island of the point of arrival , his boat covers, and the last meters to the land, which he had not seen for 270 days, the traveler overcame by swimming.
2. Palkiewicz Jacek
A stern and strong-willed Italian-Polish traveler, an Italian journalist and writer, all his life he made the most desperate and extreme transitions, such as: on camels through the Gobi and Sahara desert, on deer - to the North Pole, on an Indian pie and lifeboat- Across the Atlantic Ocean.
This great man with the rank of a member of the Russian Geographical Society in 1996 makes the last major discovery of the twentieth century - he lengthens the Amazon River by 700 km, further investigating its sources, thus dropping the Nile from the first place in length.
Being an honorary member, an honorary citizen, a friend of peoples, tribes, peoples, ethnic groups and communities in various parts of the Earth, in 2010 Palkevich receives a golden cross for his merits from the hands of the Pope himself.
3. Carlo Mauri
Another Italian and iron-willed man first tried himself in mountaineering, having made his first ascent at the age of 15. Then, having tasted the charm of travel, he began to conquer Mont Blanc, the mountains of Tierra del Fuego and others. impregnable mountains in Chile.
Later, in the Karakorum mountains, he will overcome the summit at 7925 m. Then, after numerous injuries, foot fractures, rupture internal organs, Mauri still gains new strength and participates in the expeditions of Thor Heyerdahl on his famous papyrus boats.
Already further there will be outstanding historical expeditions with poor health, at the limit of human capabilities: in the footsteps of Marco Polo, through the lands of Patagonia and the Amazon. Almost lying on a hospital bed, this man does not calm down and writes a book about his adventures, having passed away, alas, too early - at 52, in 1982.
4. Yuri Senkevich
A record-breaking TV presenter, with his program “Travellers Club”, he really got into history, enlightening the Soviet and Russian people about the corners of the diverse and inaccessible to them. beautiful world. After a number of outstanding and dangerous expeditions, including the Antarctic one, he was invited by Thor Heyerdahl to join the team for an expedition to papyrus boat"Ra-2".
Later, together in Heyerdahl, they will conquer and Indian Ocean on a reed boat, and then there will be climbing Everest, polar expeditions. Unlike others, he was always in a hurry to share his discoveries with others, doing a tremendous job of processing the accumulated material into a television broadcast format upon his return from travel.
Until his death, in 2003, Sienkiewicz worked and traveled, despite his age, and did a lot to increase the number of travelers in the world.
5. Thor Heyerdahl
The Norwegian traveler-record holder, as a child was very afraid of water until the age of 22, when he fell into the water, he still managed to swim out on his own. Having eliminated the main problem, Tour begins his career as a professional traveler in Polynesia, getting acquainted with the local life of the indigenous people.
There he finds the Second World War and Heyerdahl volunteers for the front. Having finished fighting, the Tour organizes expeditions to conquer the Pacific Ocean and a grandiose trip to Easter Island, and even later travels on the Ra and Ra-2 boats that went down in history.
Further tireless traveler explored the most different corners of the globe - Oceania, Iceland, North Arctic Ocean, forever writing his name in history as a name the greatest traveler all times and peoples.
6. Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Captain Cousteau is a famous French explorer of the World Ocean, author of books and films, inventor. The oceans revealed many of its secrets, showed the beauty of its depths still inaccessible to people for a huge number of diving enthusiasts. We can say that Captain Cousteau is the father of modern diving, because it was he who created the main apparatus for diving. Being engaged in research of the underwater world of our planet, Cousteau created the famous floating laboratory "Callisto" and the first apparatus for diving "Denise". Jacques-Yves Cousteau captivated millions of people by showing them on movie screens how beautiful undersea world, giving the opportunity to see what was still inaccessible to man.
7. Nikolai Drozdov
More than 40 years ago, Nikolai Nikolaevich Drozdov became the host of the popular TV show "In the Animal World". An avid traveler, a "gallant know-it-all", who spends hours talking about animals as the most wonderful and beautiful creatures in the world - be it an elephant, a bug, or even a poisonous snake. An amazing and wonderful person, the idol of millions of viewers of our country, listening to stories about interesting facts from the life of birds, reptiles, domestic and wild animals, about the beauty of our nature - and an incomparable pleasure, because only a person in love with life can talk like that. Interesting fact about Nikolai Nikolayevich himself - his great-great-great-grandfather was Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow, and his maternal great-great-grandfather Ivan Romanovich von Dreiling was an orderly of Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov.
Nikolai Drozdov traveled the whole world, all zoological and National parks, studying the habitats and habits of animals in natural conditions, climbed Elbrus, participated in a long expedition on the research vessel Callisto and in the first Soviet expedition to Everest, twice went to the North Pole, passed along the Northern Sea Route on an icebreaker " Yamal, sailed along the coasts of Alaska and Canada on the Discoverer.
8. Fedor Konyukhov
A lone traveler who conquered what seemed impossible to conquer, more than once overcame a path that could not be walked alone - the great contemporary Fyodor Konyukhov. The first among travelers who conquered the North and South Poles, seas, oceans and the highest peaks of the world, which is proved by more than 40 expeditions made by him to the most inaccessible places on our planet. Among them are five round-the-world trips, a solo voyage across the Atlantic (which, by the way, he crossed more than once) on a rowboat. Konyukhov was the first to cross the Pacific Ocean from continent to continent. But the life of our famous compatriot is not filled with travel alone - Fedor Konyukhov became the youngest member of the Union of Artists of the USSR and the author of twelve travel books. There were also new plans ahead: flying around the world in a balloon and circumnavigating the world in 80 days for the Jules Verne Cup, as well as diving into the Mariana Trench. However, having accepted the priesthood in 2010, Fedor Konyukhov decided not to travel anymore, but ... the ways of the Lord are inscrutable and famous traveler again at the helm. In the spring of this year, he “beat” the Russian record and stayed in the air on a balloon for 19 hours and 10 minutes.
9. Bear Grylls
Fame came to the young English traveler thanks to the highest-rated television show on the Discovery channel, Survive at Any Cost, which first aired in October 2006. TV presenter and traveler not just "entertains" the audience great views most amazing places planet, its goal is to bring to the audience life recommendations that may come in handy in unforeseen situations.
His list of travels is respected: he sailed around the British Isles in thirty days, crossed the North Atlantic in an inflatable boat, flew a steam-powered plane over Angel Falls, paraglided over the Himalayas, led an expedition to one of the furthest unclimbed peaks in Antarctica and arranged ... a gala dinner in a balloon at an altitude of more than seven thousand meters! Most of Grylls' expeditions are for charitable purposes.
10. Abby Sunderland
Not only men can boast of friendship with the wind of wanderings - Abby Sunderland, a young traveler who at the age of 16 alone made a trip around the world on a yacht, will give odds to many men. The determination of Abby's parents is surprising, because they not only allowed her to participate in such a dangerous enterprise, but also helped to prepare for it. Alas, the first start on January 23, 2010 was unsuccessful and Abby made a second attempt on February 6. The journey turned out to be more dangerous than expected: between Australia and Africa, 2 thousand miles from the coast, the yacht's hull was damaged and the engine failed. After this message, communication was interrupted, the search for Abby's yacht was unsuccessful, and she was declared missing. A whole month later, Australian rescuers in the zone of the most severe storm found the lost yacht and Abby alive and unharmed. Who then will say that a woman has no place on a ship?
11. Jason Lewis
And, finally, the most original of modern travelers, who spent 13 years on a round-the-world trip! Why so long? The simple fact is that Jason refused any kind of technology and all sorts of achievements of civilization. The former janitor, along with his friend Steve Smith, went around the world on a bicycle, boat and rollerblades! The expedition started from Greenwich in 1994, in February 1995 the travelers reached the shores of the United States and after 111 days of sailing decided to cross America separately on roller skates. Lewis had to interrupt the journey for 9 months after an accident. After recovering, Lewis goes to Hawaii, from where he sails on a pedal boat to Australia, where he had to spend some time earning money for onward travel… selling T-shirts. In 2005, he reaches Singapore, then crosses China and India on a bicycle. By March 2007, he reached Africa and also crossed all of Europe on a bicycle: Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Belgium. Having crossed the English Channel, in October 2007, Jason Lewis returned to London.
Travel has always attracted people, but before they were not only interesting, but also extremely difficult. The territories were not explored, and, setting off on a journey, everyone became an explorer. Which travelers are the most famous and what exactly did each of them discover?
James Cook
The famous Englishman was one of the best cartographers of the eighteenth century. He was born in the north of England and by the age of thirteen he began to work with his father. But the boy was unable to trade, so he decided to take up navigation. At that time everything famous travelers of the world went to distant countries on ships. James became interested in maritime affairs and moved up the career ladder so quickly that he was offered to become a captain. He refused and went to the Royal Navy. Already in 1757, the talented Cook began to manage the ship himself. His first achievement was the drawing up of the fairway of the St. Lawrence River. He discovered in himself the talent of a navigator and cartographer. In the 1760s he explored Newfoundland, which attracted the attention of the Royal Society and the Admiralty. He was assigned to travel across the Pacific Ocean, where he reached the shores of New Zealand. In 1770, he did something that other famous travelers had not achieved before - he discovered new mainland. In 1771, Cook returned to England as the famous pioneer of Australia. His last journey was an expedition in search of a passage connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Today, even schoolchildren know the sad fate of Cook, who was killed by cannibal natives.
Christopher Columbus
Famous travelers and their discoveries have always had a significant impact on the course of history, but few have been as famous as this man. Columbus became a national hero of Spain, decisively expanding the map of the country. Christopher was born in 1451. The boy quickly achieved success because he was diligent and studied well. Already at the age of 14 he went to sea. In 1479, he met his love and began life in Portugal, but after the tragic death of his wife, he went with his son to Spain. Having received the support of the Spanish king, he went on an expedition, the purpose of which was to find a way to Asia. Three ships sailed from the coast of Spain to the west. In October 1492 they reached Bahamas. This is how America was discovered. Christopher mistakenly decided to call the locals Indians, believing that he had reached India. His report changed history: two new continents and many islands, discovered by Columbus, became the main travel destination of the colonialists in the next few centuries.
Vasco da Gama
Portugal's most famous traveler was born in Sines on September 29, 1460. From a young age, he worked in the Navy and became famous as a confident and fearless captain. In 1495, King Manuel came to power in Portugal, who dreamed of developing trade with India. For this, a sea route was needed, in search of which Vasco da Gama had to go. The country had more famous sailors and travelers, but for some reason the king chose him. In 1497, four ships sailed south, rounded and sailed to Mozambique. I had to stay there for a month - half of the team had scurvy by that time. After a break, Vasco da Gama reached Calcutta. In India, he established trade relations for three months, and a year later he returned to Portugal, where he became a national hero. The opening of the sea route, which made it possible to get to Calcutta past the east coast of Africa, was his main achievement.
Nikolay Miklukho-Maclay
Famous Russian travelers also made a lot of important discoveries. For example, the same Nikolai Mikhlukho-Maclay, who was born in 1864 in the Novgorod province. He could not graduate from St. Petersburg University, as he was expelled for participating in student demonstrations. To continue his education, Nikolai went to Germany, where he met Haeckel, a naturalist who invited Miklouho-Maclay to his scientific expedition. So the world of wanderings opened up for him. His whole life was devoted to travel and scientific work. Nicholas lived in Sicily, Australia, studied New Guinea, embodying the project of the Russian Geographical Society, visited Indonesia, the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula and Oceania. In 1886, the naturalist returned to Russia and proposed to the emperor to establish a Russian colony across the ocean. But the project with New Guinea did not receive royal support, and Miklouho-Maclay fell seriously ill and soon died, without completing his work on a travel book.
Ferdinand Magellan
Many famous navigators and travelers lived in the era of the Great Magellan is no exception. In 1480 he was born in Portugal, in the city of Sabrosa. Having gone to serve at court (at that time he was only 12 years old), he learned about the confrontation between his native country and Spain, about traveling to the East Indies and trade routes. So he first became interested in the sea. In 1505, Fernand got on a ship. Seven years after that he furrowed sea spaces, participated in expeditions to India and Africa. In 1513, Magellan went to Morocco, where he was wounded in battle. But this did not curb the craving for travel - he planned an expedition for spices. The king rejected his request, and Magellan went to Spain, where he received all the necessary support. Thus began his world tour. Fernand thought that from the west the route to India might be shorter. He crossed the Atlantic Ocean, reached South America and discovered the strait, which would later be named after him. became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. On it, he got to the Philippines and almost reached the goal - Moluccas, but died in battle with local tribes, wounded by a poisonous arrow. However, his journey opened Europe new ocean and understanding that the planet is much larger than scientists previously thought.
Roald Amundsen
The Norwegian was born at the very end of an era in which many famous travelers became famous. Amundsen was the last of the navigators who tried to find undiscovered lands. From childhood, he was distinguished by perseverance and self-confidence, which allowed him to conquer the South Geographic Pole. The beginning of the journey is connected with 1893, when the boy left the university and got a job as a sailor. In 1896 he became a navigator, and the following year he went on his first expedition to Antarctica. The ship was lost in the ice, the crew suffered from scurvy, but Amundsen did not give up. He took command, cured the people, remembering his medical background, and brought the ship back to Europe. Becoming a captain, in 1903 he went in search of Northwest Passage at Canada. Famous travelers before him had never done anything like this - in two years the team covered the path from the east of the American mainland to its west. Amundsen became known to the whole world. The next expedition was a two-month trip to the South Plus, and the last venture was the search for Nobile, during which he went missing.
David Livingston
Many famous travelers are connected with seafaring. he became a land explorer, namely the African continent. The famous Scot was born in March 1813. At the age of 20, he decided to become a missionary, met Robert Moffett and wished to go to African villages. In 1841 he came to Kuruman, where he taught local residents agriculture, served as a doctor and taught literacy. There he learned the Bechuan language, which helped him in his travels in Africa. Livingston studied in detail the life and customs of the locals, wrote several books about them and went on an expedition in search of the sources of the Nile, in which he fell ill and died of a fever.
Amerigo Vespucci
The most famous travelers in the world were most often from Spain or Portugal. Amerigo Vespucci was born in Italy and became one of the famous Florentines. He received a good education and trained to be a financier. From 1490 he worked in Seville, in the Medici trade mission. His life was associated with sea voyages for example, he sponsored the second expedition of Columbus. Christopher inspired him with the idea of trying himself as a traveler, and already in 1499 Vespucci went to Suriname. The purpose of the voyage was to study coastline. There he opened a settlement called Venezuela - little Venice. In 1500 he returned home with 200 slaves. In 1501 and 1503 Amerigo repeated his travels, acting not only as a navigator, but also as a cartographer. He discovered the bay of Rio de Janeiro, the name of which he gave himself. Since 1505, he served the king of Castile and did not participate in campaigns, only equipped other people's expeditions.
Francis Drake
Many famous travelers and their discoveries have benefited humanity. But among them there are those who left behind a bad memory, since their names were associated with rather cruel events. An English Protestant, who had sailed on a ship from the age of twelve, was no exception. He captured local residents in the Caribbean, selling them into slavery to the Spaniards, attacked ships and fought with Catholics. Perhaps no one could equal Drake in terms of the number of captured foreign ships. His campaigns were sponsored by the Queen of England. In 1577 he went to South America to defeat the Spanish settlements. During the journey, he found Tierra del Fuego and the strait, which was later named after him. Rounding Argentina, Drake plundered the port of Valparaiso and two Spanish ships. When he reached California, he met the natives, who presented the British with gifts of tobacco and bird feathers. Drake crossed the Indian Ocean and returned to Plymouth, becoming the first British citizen to visit world tour. He was admitted to the House of Commons and awarded the title of Sir. In 1595 he died in the last campaign in the Caribbean.
Afanasy Nikitin
Few famous travelers in Russia have achieved the same heights as this native of Tver. Afanasy Nikitin became the first European to visit India. He made a trip to the Portuguese colonizers and wrote "Journey Beyond the Three Seas" - the most valuable literary and historical monument. The success of the expedition was ensured by the merchant's career: Athanasius knew several languages and knew how to negotiate with people. On his journey, he visited Baku, lived in Persia for about two years and reached India by ship. Visiting several cities exotic country, he went to Parvat, where he stayed for a year and a half. After the province of Raichur, he headed to Russia, paving the route through the Arabian and Somali Peninsulas. However, Afanasy Nikitin never made it home, because he fell ill and died near Smolensk, but his notes survived and provided the merchant with world fame.
