Tibet Himalaya mountains. Where are the Himalayas located? About the most impregnable mountains of the planet. Mountain peaks of the Himalayas

The name Himalaya is derived from the spirit of the Sanskrit words: hima and alaja, which means "abode of snows." Most high mountains on earth occupy 80% of the area of ​​Nepal. Average Height Himalayas - 6,000 meters above sea level. The length of these high mountains is 2,500 km. But it is on the territory of Nepal that there are eight eight-thousanders - the highest mountain, whose height is more than 8,000 meters. Therefore, all climbers in the world dream of climbing the Himalayas at least once in their lives. Neither danger to life, nor cold, nor financial costs stop them. At the same time, the financial costs are quite significant. After all, if you want to conquer the peak, then in Nepal, just for the right to climb, you will have to pay a fairly serious amount, which is more than one thousand dollars. Here, this fee is called royalty. If you want to conquer Everest, then you will also have to stand in line, maybe even two years. With such in large numbers wishing to conquer the Himalayas, there are peaks that are not popular.

For tourists eager to challenge the mountains, special routes have been laid at an altitude of 5.5 thousand meters. Those who manage to make the ascent will receive a well-deserved reward - unforgettable beauty landscapes of dangerous and deep gorges with lush vegetation and lush greenery or snow-capped rocky peaks. The most popular among ordinary tourists without special training is the route around Annapurna. During the days of the journey, those who decide to undertake such a journey can, in addition to excellent landscapes, mountainous Nepal observe life as well local residents.

The highest mountain in the Himalayas is Mount Everest (8848 meters). Every student knows about it. In Tibet, she is called Chomolungma, which means "Mother of the Gods", and in Nepal - Sagarmakhta. All climbers dream of conquering Everest, but only climbers of the highest class can conquer it.

The Himalayas arose during the period of orogeny - the Alpine tectonic cycle and, by the standards of geology, very young mountains. The Himalayas arose in the place where the Eurasian and Indian subcontinental plates collided. Mountain building continues here today. The average height of the mountains increases annually by an average of 7 mm. That is why earthquakes are so frequent here.

Aiming for the sky Himalayan mountains ah, it is quite common to find fossilized marine organisms. They are called saligrams. According to scientists, their age is about 130 million years. Saligrams are like messages from the Ice Age. They are the best proof that the Himalayas "grew" out of the water. The Nepalese consider them the earthly incarnation of their god Vishnu. For the Nepalese, saligrams are sacred. Their export from the territory of Nepal is prohibited.

Video: "Climbing the top of Tulagi in Nepal (7059 m.) in 2010."

Film: Road to the Himalayas

Also, you can watch the 1999 Nepalese film The Himalayas (dir. Eric Valli) and the 2010 film NANGA PARBAT.

In conclusion, a few more photos of the Himalayas:

The Himalayas are the highest and most powerful mountain system on the entire globe. It is assumed that tens of millions of years ago, the rocks that make up the Himalayan mountains formed the bottom of the ancient Tethys pra-ocean. The peaks began to gradually rise above the water as a result of the collision of the Indian tectonic plate with the Asian mainland. The growth process of the Himalayas took many millions of years, and not a single mountain system in the world can compare with them in terms of the number of peaks - "seven-thousanders" and "eight-thousanders".

Story

Researchers who studied the history of the origin of this in many respects unusual mountain system came to the conclusion that the formation of the Himalayas took place in several stages, according to which the regions of the Shivalik Mountains (Anti-Himalayas), the Lesser Himalayas and the Greater Himalayas are distinguished. The Great Himalayas were the first to break through the water surface, the hypothetical age of which is approximately 38 million years. After about 12 million years, the gradual formation of the Lesser Himalayas began. Finally, relatively recently, “only” seven million years ago, the “younger” mountains of Shivalik saw the sowing.

It is interesting that people climbed the Himalayas in ancient times. First of all, because these mountains have long been endowed with magical properties. According to ancient Buddhist and Hindu legends, many mythological creatures lived here. In classical Hinduism, it is generally accepted that Shiva and his wife once lived in the Himalayas. Shiva is the god of creative destruction, one of the three most revered gods in Hinduism. If Shiva is a kind of reformer, in modern terms, then Buddha - who achieved enlightenment (bodhi) - was born, according to legend, at the southern foothills of the Himalayas.
Already in the 7th century, the first trade routes appeared in the rugged Himalayas, connecting China and India. Some of these routes still play an important role in the trade of these two countries (of course, these days we are not talking about multi-day foot crossings, but about road transport). In the 30s of the XX century. the idea was to make transport connection more convenient, for which it is necessary to lay a railway through the Himalayas, but the project was never implemented.
Nevertheless, serious exploration of the Himalayan mountains began only in the period of the 18th-19th centuries. The work was extremely difficult, and the results left much to be desired: for a long time, topographers could neither determine the height of the main peaks, nor draw up accurate topographic maps. But the ordeal only fueled the interest and enthusiasm of European scientists and researchers.
In the middle of the 19th century, attempts began to conquer the highest peak in the world - (Chomolungma). But great mountain, towering above the ground at 8848 m, could give victory only to the strongest. After countless unsuccessful expeditions on May 29, 1953, a man finally managed to reach the summit of Everest: the first to overcome the most difficult route New Zealander Edmund Hillary was lucky, accompanied by Sherpa Norgay Tenzing.

The Himalayas are one of the centers of pilgrimage in the world, especially for adherents of Buddhism and Hinduism. In most cases, in the holy Himalayan places there are temples to the glory of the deities, with whose deeds this or that place is associated. So, the temple of Sri Kedarnath Mandir is dedicated to the god Shiva, and in the south of the Himalayas, at the source of the Jamuna River, in the 19th century. A temple was built in honor of the goddess Yamuna (Jamuna).

Nature

Many people are drawn to the Himalayas by their diversity and uniqueness. natural features. With the exception of the gloomy and cold northern slopes, the Himalayan mountains are covered with dense forests. The vegetation of the southern part of the Himalayas is especially rich, where the level of humidity is extremely high and the average rainfall can reach 5500 mm per year. Here, like layers of a pie, zones of swampy jungle (the so-called terai), tropical thickets, stripes of evergreen and coniferous plants replace each other.
Many sites in the Himalayan mountains are under state protection. One of the most important and at the same time the most difficult - national park Sagarmatha. Everest is located on its territory. In the western region of the Himalayas, the possessions of the Nanda Devi reserve stretch, which since 2005 has included the Valley of Flowers, which enchants with a natural palette of colors and shades. It is kept by vast meadows full of delicate alpine flowers. Among this splendor, far from human eyes, rare species of predators live, including snow leopards (in wild nature there are no more than 7,500 individuals of these animals left), Himalayan and brown bears.

Tourism

The Western Himalayas are famous for high-class Indian mountain climatic resorts (Shimla, Darjeeling, Shillong). Here, in an atmosphere of complete peace and detachment from the hustle and bustle, you can not only enjoy breathtaking mountain views and air, but also to play golf or take a ride on skiing(although most of the Himalayan routes are classified as "for experts", on western slopes There are also trails for beginners.
Not only lovers of outdoor recreation and exotics come to the Himalayas, but also seekers of real, unprogrammed adventures. Since the first ever successful ascent of Everest's slopes became known to the world, thousands of climbers of all ages and skill levels have come to the Himalayas every year to test their strength and skills here. Of course, not everyone achieves their cherished goal, some travelers pay for their courage with their lives. Even with an experienced guide and good equipment, the journey to the top of Chomolungma can be a difficult test: in some areas, the temperature drops to -60ºС, and the speed of the icy wind can reach 200 m/s. Those who ventured on such a difficult transition have to endure the vagaries of mountain weather and hardships for more than one week: the guests of Chomolungma have every chance to spend about two months in the mountains.

general information

Countries: India, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bhutan.
Largest cities: , Patan (Nepal), (Tibet), Thimphu, Punakha (Bhutan), Srinagar (India).
Major rivers: Indus, Brahmaputra, Ganges.

Major airport: international Airport Kathmandu.

Numbers

Area: about 650,000 km2.

Average height: 6000 m.

highest point: Mount Everest (Chomolungma), 8848 m.

Economy

Agriculture: tea and rice plantations, cultivation of corn, cereals; animal husbandry.

Services: tourism (mountaineering, climatic resorts).
Minerals: gold, copper, chromite, sapphires.

Climate and weather

Average summer temperature: in the east (in the valleys) +35ºС, in the west +18ºС.

Average winter temperature: up to -28ºС (above 5000-6000 m temperatures are negative all year round, can reach -60ºС).
Average rainfall: 1000-5500 mm.

Attractions

Kathmandu

Temple complexes Boudanilkantha, Boudhanath and Swayambhunath, National Museum Nepal;

Lhasa

Potala Palace, Barkor Square, Jokhang Temple, Drepung Monastery

Thimphu

Bhutan Textile Museum, Thimphu Chorten, Tashicho Dzong;

■ Temple complexes of the Himalayas(including Shri Kedarnath Mandir, Yamunotri);
■ Buddhist stupas(memorial or reliquary structures);
■ Sagarmatha National Park(Everest);
■ National parks Nanda Devi and the Valley of Flowers.

Curious facts

About five or six centuries ago, a people called Sherpas moved to the Himalayas. They know how to provide themselves with everything necessary for life in the highlands, but, in addition, they are practically monopolists in the profession of guides. Because they are really the best; the most knowledgeable and the most enduring.

Among the conquerors of Everest there are also "originals". On May 25, 2008, the oldest climber in the history of ascents, a native of Nepal, Min Bahadur Shirchan, who at that time was 76 years old, overcame the path to the top. There were times when very young travelers took part in the expeditions. The last record was broken by Jordan Romero from California, who climbed in May 2010 at the age of thirteen (before him, the fifteen-year-old Sherpa Tembu Tsheri was considered the youngest guest of Chomolungma).

The development of tourism does not benefit the nature of the Himalayas: even here there is no escape from the garbage left by people. Moreover, in the future, severe pollution of the rivers that originate here is possible. The main trouble is that it is these rivers that provide millions of people with drinking water.

Shambhala - mythical country in Tibet, about which many ancient texts tell. The followers of the Buddha believe in its existence unconditionally. It captivates the minds of not only lovers of all kinds secret knowledge but also serious scientists and philosophers. The most prominent Russian ethnologist L.N. Gumilev. However, there is still no irrefutable evidence of its existence. Or they are irretrievably lost. For the sake of objectivity, it should be said: many believe that Shambhala is not located in the Himalayas at all. But in the very interest of people in the legends about it lies the proof that we all really need faith that somewhere there is a key to the evolution of mankind, which is owned by the forces of light and wise. Even if this key is not a guide on how to become happy, but just an idea. Not yet open...

Almost the entire northeast of India is occupied by the vast mountain system of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. There are many Buddhist monasteries and communities here, many of which settled here more than one millennium ago. The Himalayas are India's most famous natural landmark, and Chomolungma Peak, or Everest, the highest peak, claims to be one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Not only climbers and other amateurs come here extreme recreation, but also pilgrims - followers of Buddhism, Hinduism, esotericism.

The Himalayas are part of five countries at once. The mountain system is located on the territory of India, Pakistan, Nepal, China and Bhutan, and the Asian rivers Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra, around which the most important world cultures were created, are fed from the Himalayan glaciers.

Despite abundance mountain slopes, there are very few ski resorts in the Himalayas, and those that exist are not very developed. This is due not so much to the reluctance of Indians to invest in sports tourism how much with the absence good places for riding. Of the available most popular Gulmarg in the Indian part of Kashmir, Auli in Uttarakhand and Manali in Himachal Pradesh.

How to get to the Himalayas

The nearest airport to the Indian Himalayas is the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi. First you need to fly here, and then domestic flights, by train or rented car already reach your destination.

There is no railway network in the mountains, but you can take the train to the foot. the only Railway in the Himalayas is more of an amusement than a convenient transportation, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is referred to here as a "toy train". It departs from Siligiri station and goes up to Gkhum, located at an altitude of 2257 m, past tea plantations, valleys and other picturesque landscapes.

The easiest way to get to the Gulmarg ski resort is by plane: the city of Srinagor, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir, has its own airport. Auli resort is close to several airports, the nearest one is in Dehradun.

The main means of transportation between cities and towns in the Himalayas are minibus jeeps (shared jeep), they run between all settlements. Indians are used to occupying a minimum of space on the road, therefore, in order to travel comfortably, it makes sense to buy 1-2 extra seats.

Search for flights to the city of Delhi (the nearest airport to the Himalayas)

Weather in the Himalayas

The weather in the Himalayas depends on the height of the mountain ranges - the higher, the colder. At an altitude of 2000-2300 m above sea level, in winter the air temperature ranges from -4 to +8 °С, in summer - an average of +18 ... +24 °С, sometimes it is hot, up to +23 ... +30 °С .

Most right time for a trip - from May to July and September-October. At this time, the weather is dry, sunny, warm enough and comfortable for walking. It is also warm in July and August, but at this time rains and fogs come here, high clouds, so it is unlikely that you will be able to admire the mountain landscapes. In winter, it is cold and windy in the Himalayas, all roads are covered with snow, and travel becomes problematic.

Himalayas Hotels

There are hotels of different price categories in the Himalayas. There is a large selection of hotels from 2 * to 5 * in Darjeeling and in popular ski resorts. A small house without amenities, with a fan instead of air conditioning, will cost from 1100 INR per day for two. "Treshka" will cost about 3500-4200 INR per day for a double room, and 5 * hotels - from 7000 INR per day. Prices on the page are for March 2019.

In the Himalayas, especially in its religious quarters, ashrams are popular. These are shelters for pilgrims, similar to very ascetic hostels. The conditions there are quite spartan, often in a room for several people there is only beds and one shower for everyone (if you're lucky, there will be a fan). Accommodation is very cheap, and sometimes you can live in the ashram for free for help with the housework or a voluntary donation.

Skiing

There are several ski resorts in the Himalayas. In terms of service level, they cannot be compared with European ones, but the most important thing is necessary minimum services and chic mountain scenery- there is. There are equipment rental points almost everywhere, a complete set will cost about 1400-1750 INR per day.

The most popular ski resort in the Himalayas - Gulmarg. He is the most consistent European standards, and outwardly similar to the Swiss village of the middle of the last century. There are equipment rentals, several ski lifts, about 15 km of slopes and excellent forest freeride.

Auli- Another popular Himalayan ski resort. Local trails are considered the best in the region (only about 10 km). There are snow cannons, ski schools for beginners and gentle slopes for them. The resort as a whole is more focused on beginner athletes, experienced ones will be quite bored here.

Solang- a ski resort 22 km from the city of Manali. There are trails for both beginners and extreme sports (one "black trail"), tourists note the high professionalism of instructors.

Narkanda- a very picturesque resort surrounded by coniferous forest, located near Shimla, the only drawback is very little space.

Kufri- the oldest ski resort in India. Center in winter skiing, in summer - trekking and hiking, as there are two national parks not far from Kufri: the Himalayan Nature Park and tourist park Indira.

Cuisine and restaurants of the Himalayas

Tibetan cuisine is widespread in the Himalayas. It is much less spicy than in southern India, and has more meat, although vegetarian options are also present. The most popular dishes that can be found in almost every cafe and restaurant are chowman (pasta with vegetables and meat), momo (steamed dumplings with various meat and vegetable fillings) and tukhpa (lamb broth soup with pasta, vegetables and meat). Here, a lot is cooked in the tandoor - an earthen oven without a lid. Basically, this is a simple peasant food: meat or poultry is fried on a spit, and then baked in a tandoor in special bread cakes, which are lined inside the tandoor.

The season matters. In the Himalayas, this seasonality is special and is associated with religion and other ancient traditions. In the rainy season, you can not find dishes with nuts here, after a hearty meal you need to eat mangoes, and in the summer they do not eat meat and fish. However, the latter is easily explained: refrigerators are still far from being in every home, and meat spoils very quickly in the heat.

In the Himalayas, the cult of wholesome food. For example, it is believed that mango soup not only improves blood circulation, but also increases sexual desire, halva is almost a blessing of the gods, and a drink from rhodo flowers (Himalayan rhododendrons) brings harmony to the body and soul.

The best photos of the Himalayas

Entertainment and attractions

In the Himalayas, ancient temples and natural attractions are of particular interest. The most famous are Ladakh, the city of ashrams Rishikesh and Haridwar, one of the seven sacred cities. The high-mountain temples of Shiva and Vishnu in Kedarnath and Badrinath, the Kashmir Valley and, of course, Shambhala with Tibetan monasteries are worth attention.

Also popular are excursions to the Golden Temple in Amritsar, surrounded by the "pond of immortality", trips to the state of Sikkim to the foot of the sacred Annapurna and other Buddhist shrines.

Acquaintance with the Himalayas often begins with the capital of Himchal Pradesh - the town shimla. It is called "the most fashionable village in the Himalayas": it is worth visiting the palace of the Viceroy of Britain (today there is a museum), the central square with the Cathedral of Christ and the main shopping street where you can buy scarves and shawls made of fine wool, saris and other national clothes and sequins to decorate the forehead.

One of the most mysterious places in the Himalayas Srinagar. All its secrets are connected with the tomb of Rozbal - according to historical research ( for the most part doubtful), the body of Jesus lies there, and many locals sincerely believe in it. In addition, the city is known for doiks - boats on Dal Lake, proximity ski resort Gulmarg and very high quality woolen products in local shops and markets.

The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is one of the most interesting rides in the Himalayas. It is better known here under the name "Toy Train". The road was built in 1881, and since then a small train has been running along a narrow 60 cm gauge to an altitude of 2000 m above sea level. The final station is Gkhum (altitude 2257 m), the path runs past tea plantations and other local beauties. From the railway ring of the end station opens gorgeous view to the neighborhood.

Road to the Himalayas

natural attractions

In the Himalayas, there are very interesting national parks - Nanda Devi and the Valley of Flowers in the Western Himalayas, which are under the protection of UNESCO. These two parks are located side by side and are considered one of the most picturesque in the Himalayas. The landscapes here are really impressive: glaciers on mountain peaks, alpine meadows, the source of the Ganges River, which flows through the entire Nanda Devi reserve, and a variety of plant and animal world. Rare animals live here, for example, the snow leopard and the blue sheep.

The most famous attraction of the national park is Rooklund Lake, also known as Skeleton Lake. It got its ominous name after many human skeletons were found at the bottom of the lake. It is believed that these people were killed by hail while climbing to the top.

Himalayas and Roerich

The Himalayas have inspired and continue to inspire artists, directors, musicians and just creative people. The great Russian artist and mystic Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich in his expedition in the 30s of the 20th century. not only visited Indian Himalayas and depicted what he saw in the pictures, but even founded the Institute of Himalayan Research in America. Moreover, last years The artist's life was spent in the Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh. Now there, in Nagar (a suburb of the city of Manali), there is a house-museum of the painter. The atmosphere in which the Roerich family lived for 20 years, the personal car of Nicholas Konstantinovich and some of his paintings have been preserved there.

The Kullu Valley is known not only for the Roerich estate. This region is called Indian Switzerland: here grow coniferous forests, and in Manali there is a Tibetan Medicine Center where you can get diagnosed by the best local doctors and improve your health.

Description of Everest

Everest, or Chomolungma, or Sagarmatha is the highest peak the globe 8844 m high, located in the Himalayas and is part of the highest mountain range in the world. It is located on the border of Nepal and China (Tibet Autonomous Region), but the peak itself lies on the territory of China.

Divine Mount Chomolnugma

Chomolungma - translated from Tibetan means "Divine". Nepalese name Chomolungma - Sagarmatha means "Mother of the Gods". The English name Everest (Everest) was given in honor of Sir George Everest, the head of the Survey of British India in 1830-1843. This name was proposed in 1856 by J. Everest's successor Andrew Waugh, when it turned out that this peak is the highest in the region and in the whole world. Goraya is partly part of national park Sagarmatha in Nepal.

Conquest of Sagarmatha

Everest was first seen in the 30s of the last century, and conquered since 1921. But all attempts ended either in failure or even tragically. The first ascent of the mountain was made on May 29, 1953 by travelers Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary.

How to get to Everest?

For all the time after the opening of the peak, more than 4,000 people climbed Chomolungma along the easier southern slope, located in Nepal, or along the northern one, starting in Tibet.

Everest trip starts in the Nepalese capital Kathmandu. From here climbers go to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, and from there they go on foot to the camp at the foot of Everest. It is worth remembering that due to the difficult political situation between China and Tibet, visiting the Tibetan autonomous region allowed only with special permission from the Chinese authorities, and from time to time it may be completely prohibited. The cost of climbing Everest is from $10,000 to $65,000 and is charged by the country from which the ascent is made. The cost of climbing from Tibet is cheaper.

At the top of Everest, the wind blows from 200 kilometers per hour or up to 55 meters per second, and the temperature at night drops to -60 Celsius. At the top of the mountain there is practically no air suitable for breathing, so the ascent is made with special oxygen equipment. Every year about 200-500 people try to conquer Everest, and the number of those who visit the mountain is several thousand a year. Climbing to the top of Everest takes about two months - with acclimatization and setting up camps. Weight loss after climbing - an average of 10-15 kg, but sometimes more.

Lost on Everest

For fifty years, more than two hundred people have died on the slopes, and the total mortality of all those who died during the ascent is 11%. In May 1996, due to a storm that began on the southern slope of the Chomolungma, 5 people died at once. On April 18, 2014, an avalanche killed 13 people and 3 people went missing.

Cellular and Internet

At the top of the Chomolungma works cellular from ChinaMobile and Nepalese operator Ncell, there is high-speed Internet access.

The highest mountains in the world

Most of the highest mountains in the world are located in the mountain ranges of the Himalayas, in Asia in the region of Nepal and Tibet.

Everest or Chomolungma (8848 meters)

Chogori (K2) - the second height of Chomolungma (8614 meters)

Kangchenjunga (8586 meters)

Lhotse (8516 meters)

Makalu (8516 meters)

Cho Oyu (8201 meters)

Dhaulagiri (8167 meters)

Manaslu (8156 meters)

Nanga (8126 meters)

Annapurna (8091 meters)

The tallest mountains in the world, over 8 kilometers high, are peaks that are impressive. Flying at this height passenger aircraft(8-12 kilometers). In fact, there are many more such mountains than fourteen. But only those that are separated from each other by a considerable distance are taken into account. All major eight-thousanders are located in Central Asia. Nepal, China, Pakistan, India. I wonder if this is the will of the gods or is it connected with something?

It is not given to everyone to conquer at least one peak from the “14 gods”, but there are those on our planet who seek to conquer all fourteen! On this moment there were only 41 of them, out of more than 9 billion inhabitants of the planet. It is difficult to say what height attracts them, perhaps only one: "... height, height, height ...".

It should be added that there is such a thing as “pure ascent”, that is, climbers made the ascent without using oxygen masks. For reference, even commercial airliners often fly regularly at lower altitudes.
More than 10 thousand ascents were made to the great 8th thousanders.

About 7 percent of all ascents ended tragically. The bodies of many dead climbers remained at the heights they had not conquered, due to the difficulty of their evacuation. Some of them serve as landmarks for modern conquerors of certain heights. For example, the height of 8500 meters on Everest for 17 years met climbers with the body of Tsevang Palzhor, who died on it in 1996. She even received an unofficial name - "Green Boots", this is the color of the shoes that was on the deceased climber. Why are we so attracted by unconquered heights? Everyone has their own answer to this question.

Other famous name- Chomolungma (from Tibetan " Chomolangma" means "Divine" or "Mother". The highest point in the world and the most "prestigious" peak on our "blue" planet. Its height is 8848 meters above sea level. Own English name"Everest" was awarded in honor of the head of the surveying service of British India, Sir George Everest.

Where is Everest

Everest is located on several hundred square kilometers, on the territory of mainly two states - Nepal and China. Chomolungma is part of the Himalayan mountain system, the Mahalangur-Himal range (in the part called Khumbu-Himal). Perhaps no other peak on our planet attracts to its conquest, like Chomolungma.

Climbing Everest

The mountain was first climbed on May 29, 1953 by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary.

About three hundred people have already died since the "ascending travelers" were counted. Even the most modern equipment and equipment do not allow all the thirsty inhabitants of our planet to conquer this height.
Every year, about five thousand people try to conquer Everest. By 2018, more than 8,400 climbers have reached the summit, nearly 3,500 of them have climbed Everest more than once.

Climbing Everest takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and setting up camps. Climbers lose an average of 10-15 kilograms of their weight during this time.

by the most dangerous area ascents are considered the last 300 meters to the summit. Not all climbers can overcome this part. Strong winds up to 200 km/h often blow at the top. And the temperature varies throughout the year from 0°C to -60°C.

The second highest mountain in the world, Chogori (K2)

Chogori (the second name of K2) is the second highest peak on the planet, but climbing it is considered much more difficult. Moreover, in winter time in general, no one managed to conquer it, and the mortality rate when climbing this peak is the highest and amounts to 25%. Only a few hundred climbers managed to conquer this height.
In 2007, it was Russian climbers who managed to climb the most difficult section of the summit - the Western Face, and they did it without the use of oxygen equipment. The most massive conquest of Chogori took place in the summer of 2018. Of the group, which consisted of 63 people, one died. At the same time, Andrzej Bargiel became the first climber to ski down from the top of this mountain.

Kanchenjunga

Kanchenjaga is the third highest eight-thousander of the planet. Located in the Himalayas. Until the middle of the 19th century, it was considered the highest mountain peak, but at present, after calculations, it ranks third in height. At the moment, more than ten routes have been laid to climb this peak. Translated from Tibetan, the name of the mountain means "treasury of the five great snows."

Due to its location, Kanchenjaga is partly part of the national park of the same name in India. If you look at the mountain from the side of India, you can see that there are five peaks in this mountain range. Moreover, four out of five peaks rise to a height of more than eight thousand meters. They form a very colorful landscape with their combination, so this mountain is considered the most picturesque among its kind. One of the favorite places of creation of Nicholas Roerich.

The first conquest of this peak belongs to the English climbers Joe Brown and George Bendu. It was committed on May 25, 1955. In Nepal, for a long period of time, there was a legend about Kanchenjaga - a mountain woman who does not allow the fair sex to conquer her peak. Only in 1998 did the British Ginette Harrison manage to do this. The general downward trend in the death rate during the conquest of the mountain peaks, unfortunately, did not affect Kanchenjaga and is 22 percent.

Lhotse

Lhotse, a mountain peak on the border of China and Nepal, has a height of 8516 meters. The mountain is located in close proximity to Chomolungma, the distance between them does not exceed 3 kilometers. They are separated by the South Col Pass, the highest point of which almost reaches eight thousand. Such proximity of two great peaks creates a very majestic picture. From a certain angle, you can see that Lhotse is like a three-sided pyramid. Moreover, at the moment there is the smallest number of climbing routes for each of these three faces. This is largely due to the fact that the slopes of the peaks are very steep, and the likelihood of avalanches is extremely high.

Unlike Chogori, this peak was still conquered in winter. It is worth noting that so far none of the individual climbers or groups have been able to pass along the traverse of all three peaks of this eight-thousander. The East Face of Lhotse also remains unconquered.

Makalu

Makalu is an unusually beautiful peak, but extremely difficult to climb. Less than 30% organized expeditions ended in success. The mountain is located on the border of China and Nepal, just over 20 km southeast of Everest.

The mountain has not attracted special attention, after being marked on the maps. This is largely due to the desires of previous expeditions to conquer more high peaks located in close proximity to it. For the first time the summit was conquered only in 1955.

In certain circles, the mountain is known as the "black giant". This name was assigned to it due to the fact that the extremely sharp edges of the peak do not allow snow to be fixed on them, and it often appears before its contemplators as black granite rocks. Since the mountain is on the border of two Eastern countries, its conquest refers to mystical factors, supposedly the mountain itself decides which of the expeditions to allow the ascent, and who is not worthy of this fact.

Cho Oyu

The height of Cho Oyu is a little over 8200 meters. Near the top lies the Nangpa-La pass, through which the main " trade route» Sherpas from Nepal to Tibet. Thanks to this route, many climbers consider this peak the most accessible of all the eight-thousanders, although this is not entirely true. Just from the side of Nepal there is a very sheer and difficult wall, so most of the ascents are carried out from the side of Tibet.
The weather in the Cho Oyu region is almost always favorable for climbing, and its “accessibility” makes this peak a kind of springboard before climbing Everest.

Dhaulagiri I

The number one fully reflects the essence of the name of the mountain, it consists of many ridges, the highest of which reaches a height of 8167 meters. It is believed that the mountain has 11 peaks, of which only one is higher than 8000 meters, the rest lie in the range from 7 to 8 kilometers. Dhaulagiri is located in the central part of Nepal and belongs to the Main Himalayan range.

Despite the complexity in the name, it is translated very simply "white mountain". The history of its conquest is interesting. Until the 30s of the 19th century, it was considered the most high mountain on the planet. And the conquest of the peak was taken up only in the middle of the last century. For a long time it was impregnable, only the eighth expedition managed to reach the top. Like other brethren, this peak has both simpler routes and very impregnable slopes.

Manaslu

The mountain is located in the northern part of Nepal and reaches a height of 8163 meters. Due to its relative seclusion, this peak looks extremely majestic against the backdrop of the surrounding splendor. Maybe this explains its name, which means “mountain of spirits”. For a long time, climbing the mountain was difficult due to hostile local residents (the name of the mountain speaks of this). Avalanches often hit local settlements, and only after long offerings to the highest gods of the Japanese expedition did they finally manage to conquer this peak. Mortality among climbers conquering Manaslu almost reaches 18 percent.

The mountain itself and its surroundings are part of the National Park of Nepal with the same name. The indescribable beauty of the park prompted the country's authorities to create a hiking route for mountain lovers.

Nanga Parbat (Nanga Parbat)

One of the few eight-thousanders located not in China or Nepal, but on the territory controlled by Pakistan. There are four main peaks on the mountain, the highest of which is 8125 meters. The top of the mountain is in the top three in terms of the number of deaths of people during its conquest.

According to the history of climbing, it is interesting that it was on this mountain that the first attempt was made to climb the eight-thousander. It was back in 1895. It is with this mountain that the first conquest of the peak alone, and not as part of a prepared expedition, is connected. It is believed that it was here that the symbols of Nazi Germany were first seen, the representatives of which, as you know, were close to the occult sciences.

Certain difficulties in planning expeditions to this peak are brought about by internal political disagreements on the territory of Pakistan.

Annapurna I - the most dangerous peak among the eight-thousanders

Annapurna I is the first of the eight-thousander peaks, whose height is already below 8100 meters (officially 8091 meters). However, for all the years of ascents taken into account, she has the highest mortality rate among the conquerors, almost one in three (32%). Although it is currently steadily declining from year to year. Annapurna is located in central Nepal and is completely mountain range extends over 50 kilometers. It consists of many ridges of different heights. From the upper points of Annapurna, you can observe another giant - Jaulaguri, between them about 30 kilometers.

If you fly near these mountains on an airplane, a majestic view of the nine main ranges of this massif opens up. It is part of the national park of the same name, located in Nepal. Several hiking trails, along which indescribable views of the Annapurna peaks open.

Gasherbrum I

The summit of Gasherbrum I is part of the Baltoro Muztag mountain range. Its height is 8080 meters and it is the eleventh eight-thousander of the planet. It is located in Pakistan-controlled territory near the border with China. Translated means " beautiful mountain". She also has another name - Hidden Peak, which means hidden peak in English. Generally in mountain system The Karakorum, to which Gasherbrum belongs, has seven peaks, and three of them exceed 8 thousand meters, although not by much.

The first ascent of the peak dates back to 1958, and in 1984 the famous climber Reinhold Messner makes a traverse between Gasherbrum I and Gasherbrum II.

Broad Peak

The second highest peak in the Karakurum, the middle brother between the two sisters Gasherbrum I and Gasherbrum II. In addition, literally 8 kilometers from Broad Peak there is another high relative - Mount Chogori. The first ascent of Broad Peak took place a year earlier than neighboring Gasherbrum I, in 1957.

By itself, it consists of two peaks - the Presummit and the Main (8047 meters). The South-Western slopes are much lighter than the opposite ones, the North-Eastern ones, and it is on them that the classic climbing routes to the Main Peak are laid.

Gasherbrum II

Just below Broad Peak is another peak among the eight-thousanders - Gasherbrum II (height 8035 meters). Either its relative baseness affected, or for another reason, but the first ascent to this peak dates back a year earlier than Broad Peak, to 1956. The main routes of the conquerors of peaks pass along its southwestern slope. It is the least prone to mountain collapses and avalanches. It is he who is used by many climbers who begin to conquer everything above 8 kilometers.

This mountain lives up to its name. good weather the boundaries between gray and black limestone rocks are clearly visible, corresponding to different age boundaries, which, combined with crystal clear snow, creates unique landscapes.

Shishabangma

The majestic iceberg with a height of 8027 meters is the lowest of all known eight-thousanders. Located in the Himalayas, in China. It consists of three peaks, two of which - Main and Central (8008 meters) exceed 8 kilometers. Translated from the Tibetan language means "harsh climate".

The first conquest of this peak was made by a Chinese expedition in May 1964. It is considered one of the least difficult peaks, although more than 20 climbers have died on its slopes over the past years.

The highest mountains in the world on the world map

This is what it looks like short review all 14 eight-thousanders of the planet. Each mountain is unique in its own way, and the saying is true for each of them - “ better than mountains there can only be mountains.”