Hotel types. Booking hotel rooms. Turkish hotel classification system

8.2. The concept of hotel industry. Hotel classification

The hotel industry as an economic activity includes the provision of hotel services and the organization of short-term accommodation in hotels, campsites, motels, etc. for a fee.

In international practice, a standard classification of tourist accommodation facilities, developed by WTO experts, has been adopted. According to it, all funds are divided into two categories: collective and individual.

A collective accommodation facility is understood to mean "any facility that regularly or occasionally provides tourists with overnight accommodation in a room or any other accommodation, and the number of rooms that it has must exceed a certain minimum determined by each country independently (for example, in Russia - 10 numbers, in Italy - 7 numbers). All rooms in this enterprise should be subject to a single management, be grouped into classes and categories in accordance with the services provided and the equipment available.

TO collective accommodation facilities for tourists include: hotels and similar accommodation facilities, specialized establishments and other accommodation establishments. A-priory , hotel- this is a collective accommodation facility, consisting of a certain number of rooms, having a single management, providing a set of services (at least - making beds, cleaning the room and bathroom) and grouped into classes and categories in accordance with the services provided and room equipment.

Similar establishments include pensions and furnished rooms, tourist hostels, etc.

Specialized enterprises, in addition to providing accommodation services, perform some other specialized function.

This type of enterprises includes health facilities, labor and recreation camps, congress centers, etc.

TO individual accommodation facilities include own dwellings used by visitors - apartments; villas; mansions; cottages, rooms rented from individuals or agencies; premises provided free of charge by relatives and friends.

But still, the main, classic type of tourist accommodation enterprise is considered to be a hotel.

There are different classifications of hotels. In the theory and practice of the hotel industry, the division of hotels into groups is widespread, based on the amenities and range of services they provide. These classifications establish the conformity of the category of the hotel with the accepted standard of service. According to the results of certification, each hotel is assigned a certain category, which depends on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of its building, rooms, infrastructure, life support system, as well as the level of comfort, range of basic and additional services, staff qualifications, service culture.

Bit depth is reflected in prices, prestige, the composition of the clientele of the hotel. It allows the traveler to freely navigate the market of the tourist offer: compare hotels in terms of quality and cost of service and choose the right one.

The classification of hotels according to the level of amenities and range of services is accepted throughout the civilized world. There are over 30 classifications in total. These classifications differ not only in symbols, the number of categories, but also in service standards. These differences stem from the historical and cultural characteristics of states and are due to national traditions, customs and habits.

For example, good hotel in Austria and Germany, it must first of all have a wide range of wine and beer, and in Spain and Portugal - tobacco products. If in France the class of a hotel largely depends on the presence of a bidet, then in Greece and other southern European countries air conditioning is important in the room.

Numerous attempts by the WTO, the committee of the hotel and restaurant industry of the European Union, the International Hotel Association to introduce a unified classification of hotels in the world were unsuccessful.

The most common classifications are:

The system of stars used in France, Austria, Hungary, Egypt, China, Russia and a number of other countries, in international tourist exchange;
- the letter system used in Greece;
- the system of "crowns", characteristic of the UK;
- system of discharges, etc.

Consider the features of these classifications.

The most common classification of hotels is the French national classification, according to which all hotels, depending on comfort, are divided into categories, conventionally denoted by stars.

Austria is one of the recognized world leaders in receiving tourists. That is why there are more than 20 thousand hotels in the mountainous part of the country alone.

The cheapest accommodation facilities include "youth hotels", of which there are at least 100 in Austria (for comparison: in Russia - less than 10). In these inexpensive youth hostels, those who wish can buy an overnight stay, although any special facilities here are unlikely to be guaranteed.

Hotels in Austria are rated according to a five-star system, but in rural areas there are often so-called "out-of-category hotels" - small one-, two-, three-story houses, often served by a farm family.

Austrian hotels of three-five-star category, at first glance, differ little from each other. Most hotels of this class have a swimming pool, sauna, restaurants, buffets and solariums. The similarity is exacerbated by the "romantic style" widespread in Austria, in which the interiors of many hotels are sustained. It implies the presence of old household items, harmoniously combined with modern technology.

Sometimes the equipment in a three-star hotel may be better (thanks, for example, to a swimming pool) than a four-star one. In general, hotels in the top two categories justify their star rating due to more spacious rooms and a wide range of services provided.

Five-star hotels differ from four-star hotels in additional "little things" and a higher level of service.

When classifying hotels in Egypt, stars are also used, but it must be borne in mind that, compared to the European system, they are overestimated by about 1/2 stars.

In China, at the beginning of 1996, there were about four thousand accommodation facilities, for which the widespread five-star system is used, although, in addition to it, the country also has its own specific scale, according to which “guest houses” are among the most primitive reception bases ( zhaodaisuo). These inns, or hostels, can be compared to student residences.

More comfortable are "guest houses" (binguan). In essence, these are hotels of a two- or three-star level.

The most prestigious accommodation facilities that meet the requirements for hotels of a three- to four-star category include tourist hotels, and to hotels of a four- to five-star category - “wine houses” (jindian).

At the same time, Chinese standards are in no way inferior to European ones.

In Greece, the "letter system" of classification is popular, although the usual stars can be seen on the facades of hotels.

All Greek hotels are divided into four categories: A, B, C, D.

Hotels of category "A" correspond to a four-star level, "B" - three-star, "C" - two-star. Top-class hotels are often awarded the "de luxe" category. But, despite the above classification, accommodation facilities in Greece, which has the same category, differ significantly from each other.

The least pretentious means of accommodation include apartments (modest apartments in small houses).

Hotels claiming the highest level usually meet international requirements.

Classification English hotels quite complicated. Some catalogs offer a quite traditional star category, but, as a rule, not stars, but crowns are depicted on the facade of hotels. To transfer the category of a hotel from the "language of the crowns" to the star one, it is necessary from total number take away one crown. So, the London Royal Norfork Hotel can be presented as either a three-star or a four-crown.

But the classification proposed by the association of British travel agencies - the British Travel Authority (BTA) is considered the most correct:

- budget hotels(*). Located in the central part of the city and have a minimum of amenities;
- tourist class hotels(**). The hotels have a restaurant and a bar;
- middle class hotels(***). The level of service is quite high;
- first class hotels(***). Very high quality of accommodation and excellent level of service;
- luxury hotels(*****). The level of service and accommodation is top class.

Compared to other countries, English hotels have a number of features. It must be borne in mind that some London ones are completely privately owned, some are owned by a joint-stock company, companies, etc. Other things being equal, preference is given to hotels that are in the hands of one owner.

Despite the fact that a significant part of the English hotels are managed by local managers, many of them are part of large international chains. Moreover, interest in British property on the part of chain representatives is increasing year by year.

The hotel base of Italy is represented by 40 thousand hotels scattered throughout the country.

Classification Italian hotels quite confusing, although travelers can often see familiar stars above hotel doors. There is no official "star" scale in the country.

According to the norms adopted in Italy, hotels are differentiated into three categories. At the same time, it can be assumed that the first category conditionally corresponds to the level ****, the second - ***, the third - **. In addition, within each category there is an arbitrary gradation.

To the most notable distinctive features Italian hotels should be attributed to their small size (50-80 rooms). As a rule, small hotels rarely claim a high category and correspond to a two-star level, although there are small hotels in the Alpine resorts, the equipment and level of service of which meet the highest requirements.

Four-star hotels are more comfortable than three-star hotels.

Some disadvantages of Italian hotels are fully compensated by certain advantages, which include the presence of a large number of well-equipped conference rooms.

It has a high-class resort and hotel complex on the shores of the Mediterranean and Red Seas.

The number of hotels is increasing, and the star classification that existed there 7-8 years ago has been cancelled. In its place, there was a differentiation of hotels in three categories. Nevertheless, for the convenience of customers, travel agency employees continue to evaluate hotels in Israel on a star scale.

In Israel's three-star hotels, despite their well-known modesty, clients have the opportunity to receive the minimum set of services necessary for a good rest.

Four-star hotels differ from three-star hotels not only in greater comfort, but also in a better location and a higher level of service.

In Spain, there is also a gradation of accommodation facilities by category:

Hotels (hotels) of five categories from * to ***** stars;
- hotel-type houses, bungalows, etc. (hoteles-apartamentes) four categories from * to **** stars;
- inns (hostales) of three categories from * to *** stars;
- boarding houses (pensiones) of three categories.

In addition, there are state tourist reception enterprises (paradores), which are subordinate to the State Ministry of Tourism. They are located for the most part in the most picturesque areas, where there are almost no other opportunities for accommodating visitors. These include old fortresses, castles and palaces, which are equipped as luxury hotels.

Thus, each country has its own classification of hotels, and even hotels belonging to the same category, but located in different states, have their own differences.

The categorization of the hotel where the tourist will be accommodated must be indicated in the tourist voucher. The type of accommodation is also indicated there: single room ODN (SGL); double room - DVM (DBL); triple room - TRM (TRP).

The activities of accommodation enterprises are characterized by the following indicators: the number of rooms, class, load factor, range of services and their cost. Distinguish between large and small hotels. The WTO recommends that under a small hotel - a hotel with up to 30 rooms. Another point of view is that a small hotel is one that is serviced and managed by members of the same family.

In addition, hotels are divided into types and types.

Aquatel- a stationary ship withdrawn from service as a vehicle and used as a hotel.

Aparthotel- a hotel consisting of apartments, the price of which does not depend on the number of guests living in it. It is designed for self-service, including self-cooking, so kitchens with the necessary equipment are required in the rooms.

Business hotel- a specialized hotel for businessmen.

Botel- a small hotel on the water.

Bungalow- a small structure made of light materials used to accommodate tourists. Widely distributed in international youth tourist centers.

Motel- a hotel for autotourists, located near the highway. These roadside hotels, in addition to comfortable rooms, provide parking lots, gas stations and service stations.

Hotel- a traditional type of hotel enterprise, located, as a rule, in a large city or resort. It has a large staff of attendants, provides a wide range of additional services and a high level of comfort.

tourist shelter- a place to rest on the route with an active mode of movement or for a short stay of tourists. Usually located in mountainous areas, etc.

Rotel- a mobile hotel, which is a carriage with single or double rooms, there is also a shared kitchen and toilet.

Flotel- floating hotel big hotel on the water.

When we move from one point to another or go on vacation to other countries, it becomes necessary to stay somewhere for a while. It was for this purpose that hotels or inns were organized.

Hotel - a hotel-type establishment that provides services for the temporary accommodation of people with mandatory service.

Hotel types

All hotels are divided into several main categories.

Hotels of a secluded type

Bungalow

This type of hotel is popular in countries with a hot tropical climate. If you prefer beach holiday and if you want to spend it in peace and tranquility, then a small house in a secluded picturesque place, where there is everything you need for living, is the most suitable option.

Aparthotels

This type of hotel is a villa, apartment or cottage, furnished with a kitchen and a place to store food. They are distinguished from living in an ordinary house by the presence of a service - maintenance and cleaning of the premises. You can live in such a hotel alone or in a large company, there is no difference in payment. The price is fixed, and therefore it is more profitable to relax in such a place with family or friends.

Chalet

You will find hotels with this name in ski resorts. A chalet is a house of one or two floors, located next to the slopes and ski lifts. Holidays in ski resorts, as a rule, take place in a big noisy company, and renting a chalet is the best way to do this.

Hotels for leisure and business

Resort hotels

For the most part, such hotels are located in beach resorts. They offer vacationers a variety of services, including spas, golf courses and tennis courts, swimming pools, fitness centers and much more.

Business hotels

This category of hotels is focused primarily on business people who come to large cities for negotiations and press conferences. Such hotels are located in large business centers and have conference rooms at their disposal.

SPA hotels

Hotels with this name immediately give out their purpose. You can not just relax in them, they are designed to improve the health of their visitors. You can take a course of wellness or rejuvenation treatments right on site. Such hotels have massage rooms, rooms with all kinds of exercise equipment, professional cosmetologists' offices. Choosing a spa-hotel as a place of rest, the traveler will receive a healthy diet, a quiet and calm daily routine, and pleasant procedures.

boutique hotels

The new type of hotels is becoming increasingly popular. In London, Paris or Barcelona, ​​you can stay in a boutique hotel. The main difference of this hotel from the rest is the availability expensive interior and incredible luxury in everything. Naturally, not everyone can afford this type of vacation, but those who are still lucky enough to stay in such a hotel will have something to remember and tell.

Budget institutions

This type of hotel is designed for short stays. Suitable for those who want to save money on housing costs or stop at such places on their way.

Motels

These hotels are located in the roadside area. The rooms have a separate entrance from the street and are equipped with everything you need to relax. The cost of living in a motel is low, it corresponds to the service and level of security.

Hostels

Hostels are suitable for holidays with a large company, or they can be chosen by couples with children during their vacation. The hotel is a large room in which there are several beds, often bunk beds. Equipped with separate lockers. The cost of living is distributed according to the number of beds - the more beds in the room, the lower the price.

Guest houses

Another option for a budget holiday is a guest house. It provides for accommodation with the owners, in a separate room rented by them. Apart from bed In the guest house you will also be offered breakfast.

Star classification

Hotels are classified by stars. The level of service, the service offered to guests, depends on their number.

One star hotels

They are located on the outskirts of cities or in places remote from resort area. They are hotels with a small number of rooms, no meals, with a minimum of things in the rooms. Showers and bathrooms can be shared throughout the hotel.

Two star hotel

Rooms in such a hotel may already have a separate shower and bathroom. It is supposed to have a TV, in some cases air conditioning (for separate fee). Services include breakfast.

Three star hotel

The most common type of hotels. Nothing extra is offered, but everything you need for good rest You'll get. Shower and toilet facilities are required in every room. There is also a refrigerator, TV, often a telephone, some rooms are equipped with a mini-bar. Vacationers can rent rooms of different sizes in such a hotel, with a variety of furnishings. Some three-star hotels can afford to have their own swimming pool on site.

Four star hotel

These hotels differ from hotels with three stars by higher service, availability parking spaces for personal transport of vacationers and many additional services, for which no fee is charged. Among them: transfers to the airport, private beaches with sun loungers, water parks and swimming pools, delivery by buses to shopping centers and so on.

Five star hotels

Hotels of this category are essentially mini towns, which have absolutely everything. Vacationers, without leaving the hotel, can get into nightclubs, restaurants, shops, beauty centers and massage parlors. The hotels of this level provide services of dry cleaning, laundries, conference rooms and much more. Guests can choose from a variety of rooms, from cozy single rooms with beautiful furnishings to chic VIP rooms with luxurious interiors.

Classification by type of food

When choosing a hotel for a holiday, it is important to know what type of food is provided in it. Mostly this Buffet when guests are offered a variety of food of their choice.

• Without power - OB,RO,NA;
• Breakfast only - BB;
• Breakfast and dinner - HB;
• Breakfast, lunch, dinner - FB;
• All inclusive - ALL, all inclusive.

Classification of hotels by star rating the concept is rather arbitrary, and varies greatly from country to country. Now in the world there are about 30 different classifications of hotels. There is no single international classification of hotels. In 1989 WTO (World tourism organization) adopted hotel standards. But these standards are only advisory in nature. Therefore, it is difficult to consider the exact set of services for each category. It is more logical to show the principles by which this or that category is given to the hotel.

Let's start with the best category

Hotel 5*

Hotel 5 * (slang - five). There are already 6 and 7 stars in the United Arab Emirates, but we will not consider them.

The motto of the 5 * hotel is luxury.
You don't just have to feel comfortable in a hotel, you have to feel like you're living in luxury. How more expensive rooms in a 5 * hotel, the more luxury should be in it.

You should have the feeling that they try to think about your desires at the same time when they arose in you, or even before they arose (this is typical for very good "fives").

A 5* hotel starts when you get off the bus or taxi. Porters should take your things and bring them to the reseption. There should not be a long queue at the reception, and you should be quickly checked in and given keys with a story about where the breakfast is, where the pool is, where the fitness club is, etc.
The reception area itself should be beautiful, large and luxurious.
After registration, your things are delivered to your room without your accompaniment, where you give a tip to the porter, and he shows you the number.

What is a 5* hotel room. This room is over 16 m2. It has new, unworn furniture.
Beds with good high mattresses.
Minibar or refrigerator, TV. Large comfortable wardrobes with wooden hangers.
Individual air conditioning.

The spacious bathroom has a bathtub and maybe also a shower, toilet, maybe a bidet.
Telephone in the bathroom, hairdryer, magnifying mirror.
Full set of gels, shampoos, shower cap, soap.
In Asian hotels, there are often kits for brushing teeth and shaving.

If the hotel is a 5 * urban, business-oriented hotel, then it has all the possibilities for working on the Internet, conference rooms, a fitness center,

If the hotel is a beach hotel, then it has a good, beautiful, well-groomed territory. Swimming pool, animation, fitness center, often SPA complex.
Services - hairdresser, laundry, several restaurants, bar, sale of souvenirs, newspapers, currency exchange, etc.

Food service 24 hours. You call by phone and they will bring food to your room at any time of the day.

Hotel 4*

Hotel 4 * - the most fuzzy category. It can have everything like in five stars, only something is missing. For example, usugi-service 24 hours.
In a 4 * hotel, you can already see not the newest furniture, you may no longer take your luggage when you arrive, there can only be soap in the bathroom.
The motto of a 4 * hotel is that there is no luxury, but everything is worthy and comfortable.

Hotel 3*

The motto of the hotel is 3*- Required minimum comfort for little money.
In a 3 * hotel, there must be a toilet and a shower in the room. Most often, 3 * hotels have a bar-cafeteria,

and in 4-5 * hotels there must be a restaurant.

Hotels 1* and 2*

The motto of hotels 1 * and 2 * - only the most necessary to spend the night.

In a 2 * hotel room there is a bed, a chair, a wardrobe - no more frills. The toilet may be in the room, but most often on the floor.

1 * is quite rare and means a hotel on the outskirts, a small one, no more than 10 rooms, there is a bed, a bedside table, a chair in the room.

Hotel room sizes

The size of the rooms in the hotels of the WTO prescribed the following

A 2* hotel room must be at least 10 m2, a 3* hotel room must be at least 12 m2,

Hotel, boat, flotel, chalets, B&B, apartments, hostels... It's no wonder that any normal person, far from the world of tourism, can get confused in these concepts. It's time to sort them out.

Inn or hotel

This term, as a rule, refers to those hotels that are located in the city center or city limits, offer a wide range of services and do not differ in high cost. They stop either during excursion tour(in particular bus), or during short-term business trips. The standard classification applies to them, and if the hotel has 3 * - you should not expect additional "stars from the sky" from it. This is the most popular type of hotel that can be easily booked online even at the very last moment before departure (which cannot be said about exotic species placements, more on which below).

Business hotels

In addition, there are specialized business hotels that have their own distinct clientele. In them you can find everything you need for negotiating, arranging conferences, comfortable work "at a distance" from the office. Business hotels are most often located in places of business activity - large economic centers: Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, New York, Moscow, Frankfurt and so on.

Resort hotels or resort hotels

Every Russian person who has rested at least once in Turkey or Egypt will perfectly understand what a resort hotel means (from the English resort - a resort). On the territory of such hotels there is almost everything you need for recreation: fitness centers, tennis courts, spas, swimming pools, several restaurants and cafes. The disadvantages are "isolation", the inability to get acquainted with the country, its people and culture.

boutique hotels

Boutique hotels are chic 5 * hotels that primarily care about style and design. The term "boutique hotel" appeared in the United States in the 1980s, at the same time the first hotels of this level were opened - in New York, San Francisco. Today, boutique hotels can be found in Barcelona, ​​London, and Paris. The cost of living in such hotels is very high, but they are located for the most part in the very center of the resort-city.

Apartments and apart-hotels

Motels

Motel - roadside hotel, appearance which can be expressed in eight words: a one or two-story building located near a major highway. The entrance to the rooms, as a rule, is carried out from the street or directly from the parking place. The cost of spending the night in such establishments is low, as is the level of security.

Guesthouses or guest houses

The term "guesthouse" appeared not so long ago and is currently mostly applicable to the countries of Southeast Asia. Guesthouses are budget Bed & Breakfast hotels for tourists who want to spend their holidays as economically as possible. For the most part, they are scattered around the main beach resorts Asia - Bali, Goa, the islands of Thailand.

Guesthouses are two-three-story buildings with 20-30 rooms, a homely atmosphere and a small number of staff. As a rule, in addition to tourists, the whole family of the owner of the hotel lives in the house. This type of accommodation is not subject to any classification and rarely complies with all the rules of sanitary and epidemiological standards. But tourists coming to Goa beaches for a month or two, this fact is not particularly upsetting.

Lodges

Lodges are the premier safari accommodation in Africa (South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania). Such hotels are located either on the territory national parks or next to them. Their distinctive feature is that outwardly they resemble traditional dwellings. local residents, organically fit into the surrounding landscape, built from environmentally friendly materials and at the same time meet all the rules of comfort and safety.

Lodges are usually detached bungalows (stone or wooden houses with a thatched roof) that house reception, rooms, restaurants, etc. The rooms usually have one double or two single beds, a bathroom with a toilet , sink and shower with hot and cold water and all toiletries. The cost of living in lodges is usually included in the cost of the safari itself, and this pleasure cannot be called cheap.

Campsites, Botels, Condominiums and other types of hotels

• Campsites - campsites for car, motorcycle and bicycle tourists, which, as a rule, are located in the countryside or near the sea (for example, campsites along the entire coast of Croatia are popular). They offer places to stay overnight, often in tents or summer houses, equipped with kitchens and some basic amenities.
• Flotel - a floating hotel, a kind of "resort on the water", which operates seasonally on a floating base (landing stage, barge, motor ship, etc.)
• Botel - a small hotel on the water, which is used as a suitably equipped vessel.
• Fleitel - air hotel or "flying hotel". This very expensive type of accommodation is equipped with a landing pad and is located far from civilized places that can only be reached by air.
• Alcazar and Pousada (Spanish: Alkazar - castle) are ancient medieval castles (or monasteries, in Moorish or other styles), which have recently been used as upscale hotels. Found in Spain and Portugal.
• Condominium (from lat. condominium - joint ownership) - joint ownership, possession of a single object. In tourism, condominiums are most often understood as houses on the coast, the use of which is regulated by an agreement between participants in the common property.
• Timeshare (from the English. timeshere - time sharing) - joint ownership of real estate with the ability to use it for a certain time, which is proportional to the monetary contribution. Usage time is measured in weeks.
• In China, there are such types of hotels as hostels or inns such as student dormitories - zhaodaisuo, guest houses - binguan and, considered the most comfortable and prestigious, "wine houses" - jindian.
• Found in Japan capsule hotel, the area of ​​\u200b\u200b"rooms" in which does not exceed several square meters.
• In addition, “ice hotels” can be found in the Arctic regions, and even underwater hotels in the UAE and the USA.

IN settlements(or at forks in the road) along the route of the most important transport routes. The first hotels, in large cities, existed in the countries of the ancient world.

The increase in the number of travelers in the New Age (development of trade relations, colonization) contributed to the expansion of the hotel industry. The modern type of large hotels developed in the 19th century, with the beginning of the industrial revolution.

Classification

Hotels can be divided by type of property, range of services, tourist attraction and additional activities (hotels-casinos).

Several small brands can be combined into a common system in order to expand the prospects for bookings and generalize marketing (for example, association Choice Hotels).

Star system

The cost and quality of hotel services depends on the type of hotel. Thanks to the tourism boom of the last decades of the 20th century, service quality standards have risen significantly everywhere. In order to make it easier to determine the level of the hotel, a star system classification (from one to five stars). IN in general terms such a classification is as follows:

1. one star (Cat D) - cheap hotel with a minimum of services (daily housekeeping is not always included in them). All rooms are of the same type.
2. Two stars (Cat C) - a low-budget hotel, also with a minimum of services, but with a mandatory daily cleaning of the rooms. One or two types of rooms.
3. Three Stars (Cat B) - a middle-class hotel with a standard set of services: daily housekeeping, bathroom, TV, mini-bar or refrigerator in each room; on the territory of the hotel there is a laundry for guests, a swimming pool, a gym, a business center, a place for breakfast provided by the hotel. Some of these services may not be available, while others may be available. The presence of various types of rooms (single, double, smoking, non-smoking, etc.), as well as the presence of its own electrical substation in case of an unscheduled blackout in the city.
4. four stars (Cat A) - a high-class hotel that provides all of the above services, as well as special ones (such as spas, massages, the presence of several bars and restaurants, conference rooms). Prices for rooms in such hotels are much higher than average.
5. Five Stars (cat deluxe) is a luxury hotel. They are distinguished by an extensive range of services, especially exclusive ones (for example, the presence of a private golf club, multi-room apartments with a maid). The guest is given personal attention, contributing to the consideration of all his wishes. Prices for accommodation, as well as for additional services, in rooms in such hotels are very high. As a rule, all well-known world hotel brands and resort hotels strive to fall into this category. Despite the difference in systems, a “five-star hotel” is always understood as a hotel of the highest service.

Some hotels [ which?] claim to be 6 or even 7 stars, but so far this has not become a widespread hotel practice and is more of a marketing ploy.

There are also other classification systems (in particular, the classification system American Automobile Association, AAA). Many hotels, where the service can be equal to five stars, cannot reach this level only due to some architectural features(lack of an elevator, for example, in old castle hotels).

In addition to ordinary hotel hotels, there are other types of inns:

• HV- club hotel
• HV2- club hotel 3-4 stars
• HV1- club hotel 4-5 stars

Half board

Motel

Hostel

exotic hotels

Aparthotels

Created on the principle of apartments (apartments), but there is no need to conclude an agreement with the owner for a certain period, and the guest can check out at almost any time. The booking system is standard, as in other hotels. In terms of comfort, apart-hotels can be compared with home conditions, and prices are much lower than traditional hotels. World famous apart-hotel brands: MaMasion, Staybridge Suites, Adagio.

Furnishings and services

Accommodation

• Standart - standard room
• Studio- single room, larger than standard

• Single- Single Room

• DBL- Double Room
  • Double - one double bed
  • Twin - two single beds
• business- two-room suite, consists of a living room and a bedroom

• TRPL- Triple room

• EXB- an extra bed
• CH- with a child (for example, 0-6 years old / up to 12 / up to 14)
• Superior- superior room

• Villa - bungalow accommodation
• Family room - family room (2 or 3 rooms)

• Main Building - room bigger size than standard
• Duplex - duplex room
• Junior Suite - superior room (Junior Suite)
• Suite - room of improved layout and category (Suite)
• De Luxe - superior rooms

Apartments, as a rule, consist of two or more room departments. The apartments also include one large room, divided into a bedroom and a living room.

Presidential suites, penthouses and other similar suites are provided with the maximum range of services, including a full bar, personal servants, individually prepared meals, etc.

Furnishings and amenities

Standard room furnishings usually include a bed, a wardrobe, a small table and a separate toilet room with a shower and often a Jacuzzi. Most middle-class hotel rooms are equipped with air conditioning, telephone, TV, alarm clock, iron, ironing board, hair dryer, coffee maker. It is becoming more and more common to have access to a wireless high-speed Internet line (free of charge or for a fee). Some rooms include small kitchens with stovetops.

Services

Nutrition

Types of catering in hotels:

• OB(Only Bed, Only Bed) RO (Room Only) - only hotel accommodation, no meals.
• BB(Bed-n-Breakfast, Bed-and-Breakfast) - a meal plan that includes breakfast at the hotel of residence. It can be a buffet or a continental breakfast.
• HB(Half-Board, Half board) - 2 meals a day at the hotel. This is usually breakfast and dinner, but some hotels may have breakfast and lunch. Drinks at lunch and dinner are usually not included in the price.
• Facebook(Full-Board, Full board) - breakfast, lunch, dinner.
• Al(All inclusive, All inclusive) - a mode that includes not only 3 meals a day, but also additional services, such as a light breakfast, snacks, a light dinner. Drinks are included in the price (sometimes it can only be local drinks, and foreign ones are sold for an additional fee).
• UAI(Ultra All inclusive, Ultra all inclusive) - three meals a day + alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks of local and imported production in unlimited quantities throughout the day.

The food itself can be carried out:

• on the principle of "buffet" - a large number of dishes to choose from. Self-service.
• A la carte (meal "on the menu") - it is possible to choose 2-3 dishes from the proposed menu. As a rule, a choice of appetizer, main menu and dessert is offered.
• Continental breakfast - a light breakfast consisting of coffee (tea), juice, buns, butter and jam. It is offered, as a rule, in European city hotels.
• An English breakfast is a full breakfast that usually includes fruit juice, ham and eggs, toast, butter, jam, and coffee or tea.

Booking hotel rooms

Prices

The cost of living in hotels depends on many factors: its level, its location, season, day of the week, occupancy of the hotel, type of room, floor, view from the window, etc. In addition, you need to pay attention to what services included in the price of the room, and which ones are provided for additional fee(e.g. breakfast, use of the Internet, minibar, etc.). As a consequence, hotel prices are subject to constant, daily and even hourly changes.

Hotels, as a rule, participate in the generally accepted system of discounts in each country (discounts for large tour groups, pensioners, businessmen, members of various associations), but are not always tied to it in without fail. small hotels publish their own discount coupons in newspapers and various catalogs. In most cases, there is no public price list for rooms. However, prices can be roughly consulted on hotel websites and travel portals, which also indicates the list of services and given detailed descriptions numbers.

Payment Methods

The process of growth in the importance of hotel chains in the global hotel business is characterized by a significant contradiction: on the one hand, international hotel corporations are strengthening their positions, on the other hand, many countries create and successfully operate their own national hotel chains that compete with international giants. The creation of national hotel chains can give the hospitality industry the necessary impetus to improve management efficiency and further development, since the emergence of hotel chain operators allows the application, dissemination of high standards and technologies for the operation of hotels at the corporate level and, thereby, to improve the quality of service and the efficiency of their activities . There is another classification of hotel chains. Two main types are distinguished here: integrated chains, which consist of homogeneous units, and a hotel consortium, which unites independent hotels.

Hotels can chain together in different ways, below are two ways of integration: 1) Vertical integration The trend towards integration within the industry has been observed recently in the hotel industry. Behind last years hotel companies have realized that the needs of their guests are not at all uniform, but on the contrary, they can differ significantly in terms of price and amenities. Now almost all the major hotel corporations own property in every segment of the market - luxury, luxury and economy. An example is the Choice Hotels chain of hotels, where in the luxury class they are known as Clarion Inn, among the middle class hotels are Quality Inn, Quality Suites, the budget class is Comfort Inn, Friendship Inn, Rodeway, and the economy class hotel is Sleep Inn .

2) Horizontal Integration Ever since Pan American opened the first of its Inter-Continental hotels in the late 1940s, several other airlines have also begun to gain experience in horizontal integration by buying and operating hotels. This development of airlines, previously engaged only in the transportation of passengers, often on long distance, and now taking over and arranging between flights, seems quite natural. What they then do with their new property depends on the strategic interests of the company. For example, Nikko Hotels has long been the property of Japan airlines, and she is not going to refuse them. But American Airlines and United Airlines have sold their stakes in the hotel business, apparently as a result of the financial difficulties they've been experiencing in recent years.

There is also a division of hotel chains into corporate and associative. Corporate hotel chains are joint hotel enterprises that are under a single subordination, observing a single system of standards, material and technical base and services. While associative hotel chains are temporary associations of independent independent hotel enterprises on a contractual basis.

Among the most famous world hotel chains: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, Global Hyatt Corporation, Swissôtel Hotels & Resorts, InterContinental, Le Meridien, Ritz-Carlton, etc. Among Russian ones are AZIMUT Hotels, Heliopark Hotels & Resorts, etc.

The largest Russian hotel chain AZIMUT Hotels was founded by Alexander Klyachin in 2004. Today it includes business class hotels in 23 cities of Austria, Germany and Russia with a total number of more than 5500 rooms.

Below are the largest hotel chain operators (by the total number of rooms in hotels under management).

see also

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

Links

Notes