What are the seaports in Japan. Their importance, imports and exports of the state. The nature of the Japanese sea and its economic importance

The Sea of ​​Japan belongs to the Pacific Ocean and is a marginal sea that is separated from the Pacific Ocean. Japanese islands and Sakhalin Island. The Sea of ​​Japan washes the shores of Russia and Japan.

Sea characteristic

Major port cities at sea: Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan.

Coastline The sea is slightly indented, but has several bays, the largest of which are bays: Olga, Peter the Great, Ishikari and East Korea Bay.

More than 600 species of fish live in the waters of the Sea of ​​Japan.

Economic use of the sea

Along with industrial fishing, mussels, scallops, squid and seaweed (kelp and seaweed) are harvested.
Vladivostok is final destination Trans-Siberian railway line, where the transshipment base is located, where cargo is reloaded from railway wagons to sea cargo ships.

Ecology of the Sea of ​​Japan

In ancient times, tribes of the Mongolian race lived on the western shores of the Sea of ​​Japan. At the same time, the Japanese islands were settled by the ancestors of the Japanese - the Malay and Polynesian Yamato tribes.

Archaeological research for the first time on Sakhalin Island was carried out in 1867, then during archaeological sites at the southern tip near Lake Lebyazhye, the first artifacts were found confirming the existence of ancient settlements on Sakhalin Island.

The Sea of ​​Japan is considered one of the deepest bodies of water in the world. Its waters spread between Eurasia, Sakhalin and the Japanese Islands. WITH geographic point of view, this area is considered to be a marginal oceanic sea. In Korea, it is customary to call this body of water the East or East Korea Sea.

Shores of the Sea of ​​Japan

The scale of the Sea of ​​Japan is confirmed by its indicators. Overall size reservoir exceeds 1000 km 2, and greatest depth reaches almost 4000 meters. border between the Sea of ​​Japan and Pacific Ocean are the Japanese islands, and from Sea of ​​Okhotsk the reservoir is fenced off by Sakhalin Island. The Korean Peninsula lies between the Yellow Sea and the Sea of ​​Japan.

The waters of this sea wash the borders of Japan, Korea, North Korea and Russia.

The northern half of the water area freezes during the winter season, but this does not happen in the south due to the heat brought by the Kuroshio Current. The coastline is quite simple and even, especially near Sakhalin. On the territory of the sea there are several small islands, for example, Okushiri, Rebun, Sado. Several mountain rivers also flow into the water area.

Sea of ​​Japan cities

As already mentioned, on the territory of the sea itself there are no major islands, which would have important settlements or ports. Most of the small land areas are located in eastern waters near the coast. Russian borders The Sea of ​​Japan touches Primorsky Krai, the southeastern part Khabarovsk Territory and southwestern regions of Sakhalin. The main ports of the Sea of ​​Japan are:

• Nakhodka;
• Vladivostok;
• Oriental;
• Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky;
• Niigata;
• Tsuruga;
• Wonsan;
• Hyungnam;
• Chongjin;
• Busan.

Fisheries of the Sea of ​​Japan

The waters of this area are considered one of the most saturated in terms of the diversity of fish species. A huge number of fish are caught here throughout the year. Sardines, flounder, mussels, mackerel, tuna, saury, horse mackerel are found here. As for minerals, there are not too many of them. In particular, a gas field was discovered, but no one is developing it. On the shore Sea of ​​Japan there is a wide transport network, a fishing fleet and quite a few industrial enterprises, because of which the waters are constantly polluted.

IN Lately in the Sea of ​​Japan, the production of kelp, crabs, sea ​​urchins and scallops. The tourism industry is also growing.

The Sea of ​​Japan is considered one of the largest and deep seas worldwide. It is a marginal sea of ​​the Pacific Ocean.

Origin

The first information about this sea was obtained from Chinese sources in the 2nd century BC. Historically, it is believed that this reservoir was formed as a result of the melting of the glacier and the rise in the water level in the oceans.

Historical events

In the 14th-16th centuries, pirates seized power at sea. All maritime trade was under their control. From 1603 to 1867, the Sea of ​​Japan was one of the busiest transport links and the main entry route for Dutch and Korean embassies.

Sea of ​​Japan on the map photo

The Sea of ​​Japan witnessed the Russo-Japanese War (1901-1902). Today, the Sea of ​​Japan is an important domestic and international transport artery.

Characteristic

The main characteristics of the Sea of ​​Japan:

• Area 1062,000 square km
• Average depth sea: 1536 m.
• Maximum depth: 3742 m.
• Salinity: 34-35‰.
• Length: from north to south 2,255 km, from west to east about 1,070 km.
• IN winter time part of the Sea of ​​Japan freezes - Russian coastal side, but the ice may break periodically;
• Average annual temperature: in the north 0-12C, in the south 17-26C.

shore of the Sea of ​​Japan photo

currents

The main course of the Sea of ​​Japan is the Tsushima, which is approximately 200 km wide. This current contains surface and intermediate water masses. In addition, the following cold currents are observed in the Sea of ​​Japan:

• Limanskoye, moving at low speed to the southwest;
• North Korean, going south;
• Seaside, or cold current, going to the central part.

Japanese Sea. Primorsky Krai photo

These cold currents form a cycle counterclockwise. The warm Kuroshio current prevails in the southern part of the sea.

What rivers flow

Few rivers flow into the Sea of ​​Japan, although they are all mountainous. Let's take a look at the biggest ones:

• Partisan;
• Tumnin;
• Samarga;
• Rudnaya.

Where does the Sea of ​​Japan flow into?

Through the straits, the waters of the sea enter:

• through the Nevelsky Strait to the Sea of ​​Okhotsk;
• through the Sangar Strait to the Pacific Ocean;
• through the Korea Strait to the East China Sea.

Japanese Sea. storm photo

Climate

The climate of the sea is monsoonal, temperate. The western and northern parts of the sea are much colder than the southern and eastern parts. The temperature difference reaches +27 C. Hurricanes and typhoons often pass over the sea surface.

Despite the fact that the sea is separated from the ocean by the Japanese Islands and Sakhalin, storms and hurricanes often rage in the northern part of the sea, especially in autumn. Such a polo can last up to three days, and the waves reach 12 meters in height. The Siberian anticyclone brings such weather. For this reason, the Sea of ​​Japan is not very calm for navigation.

Japanese Sea. port of Vladivostok photo

In November Northern part the sea is covered with ice, in March-April the ice opens. In summer, the weather is cloudy, weak monsoon winds from the southeast prevail.

Relief

The bottom relief of the Sea of ​​Japan is divided into:

• the northern part (a wide trough that narrows and rises to the north);
• the central part (deep closed basin, elongated in a northeasterly direction);
• the southern part (the relief is complex, shallow water alternates with gutters).

coast this sea mostly mountainous. Low-lying coasts are extremely rare. The coastline is fairly flat on Sakhalin. The shores of Primorye are more indented.

underwater world of the Sea of ​​Japan photo

Cities and ports

We note the more significant Russian port cities located in the Sea of ​​Japan:

• Vladivostok;
• Nakhodka;
• Oriental;
• Sovetskaya Gavan;
• Vanino;
• Shakhtersk.

Flora and fauna

Brown algae and kelp grow abundantly along the seashores. The Sea of ​​Japan is very rich in fish fauna due to the abundance of oxygen and food. Approximately 610 species of fish live here. The main types of fish fauna are:

• In the southern part of the sea - anchovy, sardine, horse mackerel, mackerel.
• In the northern regions - flounder, herring, salmon, greenling, mussels, saury, hammerhead fish, tuna.

Fishing in the Sea of ​​Japan lasts all year round. IN this region There are 6 species of seals, 12 species of sharks that are not dangerous to humans, squids and octopuses.

Few people know the following Interesting Facts about the Sea of ​​Japan:

• Inhabitants North Korea this sea is called the Korean East Sea;
• Inhabitants South Korea- East Sea.
• Here you can meet representatives of 31 orders of fish from 34 orders that exist in the world;
• The Sea of ​​Japan leads in the diversity of fish among all the seas of the Russian Federation;
• A small jellyfish lives in the algae of the sea, capable of infecting the central nervous system, and upon repeated contact, its poison can be fatal. famous resorts not here, but the Sea of ​​Japan is very important for the trade and economy of several countries, including Russia.

Hello friends, I continue the story about the magical land of the samurai. If the state is located on the islands, then one of the most important means of transporting goods is what?? Right! Sea routes and, accordingly, sea transport. Today I will tell you what seaports in Japan, what is interesting and curious about them.

How many ports are there in Japan

Basic - 106

Special purpose - 22

Local - 892

The largest

The export-oriented economy of Japan sends the bulk of the goods, namely by water, through major ports. Yokohama (Yokohama) and Kobe used to play the main role in transportation. They accounted for the maximum load on the export and import of goods.

• Yokohama

largest Japanese port, through which the export of a fifth of the goods produced by this country passes. It is located near. The port of Yokohama is huge - the territory was almost 100 km. Trade cargo passes here, incredible quantities. Millions of tons of timber, coal, cement, oil products, grain, cotton, seafood, cars are transported annually with its help. Yokohama impresses with the number of covered warehouses and the quality of modern equipment for loading and unloading ships.

• Nagoya

Pass through it mainly international shipping. Located on the island of Honshu. because part large area modified for entertainment. Now an amusement park, a large aquarium, shopping complex, worth a real icebreaker.

A unique aquarium, located in two buildings, having come there on an excursion, you can see almost all the creatures that live in the seas surrounding the islands.
Ships bring oil, timber, wool, cotton to Honshu, and take cars and equipment for industry from here.

• Tokyo

major port on the coast of Tokyo Bay. On its territory, there are enterprises that build and repair ships. For a year, almost 100 million tons of various cargoes are transported through Tokyo. Basically, gas, metal, coal, oil, cement, paper and just cellulose are transported here. And so are the passengers.

• Chiba

The port city is also located in Tokyo Bay, in the northeastern part. Chiba has an area of ​​almost 250 kilometers, consists of five districts and many piers. Through this maritime hub, more imports move than exports.

• kawasaki

This is a large port, located in Tokyo Bay, on its west bank. 40 people can enter here at once cargo ships, at the same time. Created here artificial island, for the approach of tankers. Oil and its products, chemicals, grain and machinery are transported through Kawasaki.

• Kitakyushu

It is located in the north of the island of Kyushu, connecting it with waterways from Honshu. Principal port through which Asian ships pass sea ​​route. Ships follow to Shanghai, Dalian, Seoul and other cities.

• Yokkaichi

Another port on the island of Honshu is located very close to Nagoya. Adjacent to it is a large industrial zone, where various factories producing cars, electronics, cement, and ceramics operate. Yokkaichi is quite large and significant, has 60 berths suitable for ships of various sizes. Japan plans a large-scale expansion of Yokkaichi. What are its main cargoes? These are oil, oil products, petrochemicals, cars, wool and cotton.

• Fushiki

ancient seaport on Honshu, more precisely, on his west coast. Previously, ships did not sail across the oceans, but used the Sea of ​​Japan as a safe route. Ships sailed from Honshu to Hokkaido, and then back whole year, stopping at a variety of ports. Fushiki was also part of this water trade route, and rice was taken from it. Now it is international, Russian ships carry cars and other equipment from here.

• Kiire

Located on the coast of Kagoshima Bay. The largest oil crossing in Japan, has huge storage tanks for crude oil. It is used as a transshipment base, from where oil is transported in smaller batches.

• Kobe

A major Japanese port city, is considered one of the world's largest port cities. Almost one and a half million people live in it. Located in the southwestern part of Honshu, Kobe used to be the center of foreign trade. But it was badly damaged by the 1995 earthquake and rebuilt. Kobe a beautiful city, as they say, the most beautiful “white heron” castle in Japan is located here and very good Botanical Garden where you can take great photos.

This port produces the most significant container loads, ships from it are 120 different countries. Kobe can accept 250 at a time large ships.
Initially, Kobe bore the name Owadano-Tomari, ships from Indochina, Korea, and China gathered in it. The name was later changed to Hyogo and only in 1989 was it given its current name, Kobe.

• Osaka

More Passenger Port, people are transported through it, ferries go. There are also container shipments, but not very many. Osaka was one of the seven ports where foreign ships were allowed to arrive.

The role of maritime transport and ports in the economy

For Japanese economy availability of maritime transport is of great importance. There are few minerals here, they need to be imported in large quantities. Well, how can all these "weights" be delivered to? Only on water. Between the islands, freight traffic is also required. Again rescue ships and ferries. Thus, the presence of a large number of various ports is very convenient and reasonable for Japan.

This is just a small part of the information about what ports are in Japan, and what is their importance for this state. I hope you are like this virtual tour turned out to be interesting and informative. Thank you for being with me! If you like it, then share it with your friends on social networks and subscribe to updates. All the best!