What are the stars talking about? Classifications and characteristics of hotels in the world. Booking hotel rooms. The concept of hotel industry. Hotel classification

When we move from one point to another or go on vacation to other countries, it becomes necessary to stay somewhere for a while. It was for this purpose that hotels or inns were organized.

Hotel - establishment hotel type, which provides services for the temporary accommodation of people with mandatory service.

Hotel types

All hotels are divided into several main categories.

Hotels of a secluded type

Bungalow

This type of hotel is popular in hot countries. tropical climate. If you prefer beach holiday and if you want to spend it in peace and tranquility, then a small house in a secluded picturesque place, where there is everything you need for living, is the most suitable option.

Aparthotels

This type of hotel is a villa, apartment or cottage, furnished with a kitchen and a place to store food. They are distinguished from living in an ordinary house by the presence of a service - maintenance and cleaning of the premises. You can live in such a hotel alone or in a large company, there is no difference in payment. The price is fixed, and therefore it is more profitable to relax in such a place with family or friends.

Chalet

You will find hotels with this name in ski resorts. A chalet is a house of one or two floors, located next to the slopes and ski lifts. Holidays in ski resorts, as a rule, take place in a big noisy company, and renting a chalet is the best way to do this.

Hotels for leisure and business

Resort hotels

Most of these hotels are located on beach resorts. They offer vacationers a variety of services, including spas, golf courses and tennis courts, swimming pools, fitness centers and much more.

Business hotels

This category of hotels is focused primarily on business people who come to large cities for negotiations and press conferences. Such hotels are located in large business centers and have conference rooms at their disposal.

SPA hotels

Hotels with this name immediately give out their purpose. You can not just relax in them, they are designed to improve the health of their visitors. You can take a course of wellness or rejuvenation treatments right on site. Such hotels have massage rooms, rooms with all kinds of exercise equipment, professional cosmetologists' offices. Choosing a spa-hotel as a place of rest, the traveler will receive a healthy diet, a quiet and calm daily routine, and pleasant procedures.

boutique hotels

The new type of hotels is becoming increasingly popular. In London, Paris or Barcelona, ​​you can stay in a boutique hotel. The main difference of this hotel from the rest is the availability expensive interior and incredible luxury in everything. Naturally, not everyone can afford this type of vacation, but those who are still lucky enough to stay in such a hotel will have something to remember and tell.

Budget institutions

This type of hotel is designed for short stays. Suitable for those who want to save money on housing costs or stop at such places on their way.

Motels

These hotels are located in the roadside area. The rooms have a separate entrance from the street and are equipped with everything you need to relax. The cost of living in a motel is low, it corresponds to the service and level of security.

Hostels

Hostels are suitable for holidays with a large company, or they can be chosen by couples with children during their vacation. The hotel is a large room in which there are several beds, often bunk beds. Equipped with separate lockers. The cost of living is distributed according to the number of beds - the more beds in the room, the lower the price.

Guest houses

Another option budget holiday- guest House. It provides for accommodation with the owners, in a separate room rented by them. Apart from bed V guest house You will also be offered breakfast.

Star classification

Hotels are classified by stars. The level of service, the service offered to guests, depends on their number.

One star hotels

They are located on the outskirts of cities or in places remote from resort area. They are hotels with a small number of rooms, no meals, with a minimum of things in the rooms. Showers and bathrooms can be shared throughout the hotel.

Two star hotel

Rooms in such a hotel may already have a separate shower and bathroom. It is supposed to have a TV, in some cases air conditioning (for separate fee). Services include breakfast.

Three star hotel

The most common type of hotels. Nothing extra is offered, but everything you need for good rest You'll get. Shower and toilet facilities are required in every room. There is also a refrigerator, TV, often a telephone, some rooms are equipped with a mini-bar. Vacationers can rent rooms of different sizes in such a hotel, with a variety of furnishings. Some three-star hotels can afford to have their own swimming pool on site.

Four star hotel

These hotels differ from hotels with three stars by higher service, availability parking spaces for personal transport of vacationers and many additional services, for which no fee is charged. Among them: transfers to the airport, private beaches with sun loungers, water parks and swimming pools, delivery by buses to shopping centers and so on.

Five star hotels

Hotels of this category are essentially mini towns, which have absolutely everything. Vacationers, without leaving the hotel, can get into nightclubs, restaurants, shops, beauty centers and massage parlors. The hotels of this level provide services of dry cleaning, laundries, conference rooms and much more. Guests can choose from a variety of rooms, from cozy single rooms with beautiful furnishings to chic VIP rooms with luxurious interiors.

Classification by type of food

When choosing a hotel for a holiday, it is important to know what type of food is provided in it. Mostly this Buffet when guests are offered a variety of food of their choice.

• Without power - OB,RO,NA;
• Breakfast only - BB;
• Breakfast and dinner - HB;
• Breakfast, lunch, dinner - FB;
• All inclusive - ALL, all inclusive.

Hotel, hotel(from French hôtel) - an accommodation facility consisting of a certain number of rooms, having a single management that provides a set of services (at least - making beds, cleaning the room and bathroom). Hotels are divided into different classes in accordance with the services provided and the equipment of the rooms. historical name cheap hotels in Russia - inn.

Hotel related professions:

• hotelier- general management of the hotel;
• porter- meeting at the reception and management of the resettlement of arrivals;
• housemaid- cleaning hotel rooms;
• porter- carrying luggage of guests to / from the room.

Story

Initially, hotels arose as inns in settlements(or at forks in the road) along the route of the most important transport routes. Inns in major cities existed in the countries of the ancient world. The very word "hotel" originally meant an inn. The word "hotel" is ultimately French hotel, derived from hôte- "master". In the old days, this was the name of an ordinary city house ( hotel particulier), in which noble people often stayed during their travels.

The increase in the number of travelers in the New Age (development of trade relations, colonization) contributed to the expansion of the hotel industry. The modern type of large hotels developed in the 19th century, with the beginning of the industrial revolution.

In the 17th century, living rooms, guesthouses and inns were built in the Moscow state, designed for many merchants moving around the country. In connection with the growth of industrial production and the expansion of trade relations in the XVIII-XIX centuries, the population of cities grew, new hotels were opened. In 1910, there were 4,685 hotels in Russia, not counting inns and taverns with rooms. Rooming houses and furnished rooms served the poor. They were all privately owned and were commercial enterprises.

IN THE USSR

Under Soviet rule, all hotels were nationalized and transferred to the jurisdiction of local Soviets. The communal enterprises had dual subordination: the local Soviets of People's Deputies decided on the development of the hotel base and the planning of operational and financial activities, and the Ministries of Housing and Communal Services of the Union republics developed and implemented rules, regulations, instructions in hotels and supervised the work of local communal authorities.

To develop tourism in 1933 State joint-stock company for foreign tourism in the USSR "Intourist" was merged with All-Union Joint Stock Company "Hotel" and received at its disposal a network of hotels, restaurants and vehicles.

By 1990, Intourist was formed as an independent branch of the country's economy. It had 107 tourist enterprises for 54 thousand places.

In Russia

In 1997, Russia had (% of the total):

By 2000, the hotel and tourist complex of the capital of Russia united 154 hotels (without hostels and hotels at the markets), more than 4000 travel companies, 14 insurance companies and 16 motor transport companies.

Hotel chains (chains)

• hotel corporations that own numerous enterprises;
• chains of independent hotel companies that come together to use a common booking system, the concept of marketing, advertising;
• companies providing management services.

The chains themselves are often integral part larger organizations - hotel groups, among which the first place is occupied by the American group Cendant .

The process of growing importance of hotel chains in the world hotel business characterized by a significant contradiction: on the one hand, international hotel corporations are strengthening their positions, on the other hand, in many countries their own national hotel chains are being created and successfully operate, which compete with international giants. The creation of national hotel chains can give the hospitality industry the necessary impetus to improve management efficiency and further development, since the emergence of hotel chain operators allows the application, dissemination of high standards and technologies for the operation of hotels at the corporate level and, thereby, to improve the quality of service and the efficiency of their activities .

There is another classification of hotel chains, according to which they are divided into two main types:

• integrated chains, which consist of homogeneous units;
• hotel consortiums that bring together independent hotels.

Hotels can chain together in a variety of ways. With vertical integration, hotel corporations seek to own property in each of the market segments - luxury, first class and economy. An example is the Choice Hotels chain, where in the luxury class they are known as Clarion Inn, among the middle class hotels are Quality Inn, Quality Suites, the budget class is Comfort Inn, Friendship Inn, Rodeway, and the economy class hotel is the Sleep Inn .

Horizontal integration - the entry of hotel chains into corporations of related industries. Since Pan American opened the first of its Inter-Continental hotels in the late 1940s, several other airlines have also begun to gain horizontal integration by buying and operating hotels. Such a development of airlines, previously engaged only in the transportation of passengers, often over long distances, and now taking on the arrangements between flights, seems quite natural. What they then do with their new property depends on the strategic interests of the company. For example, Nikko Hotels has long been the property of Japan Airlines, and she is not going to give them up. And American Airlines and United Airlines have sold their stakes in the hotel business, apparently as a result of financial difficulties they are experiencing in last years.

There is also a division of hotel chains into corporate and associative. Corporate hotel chains are joint hotel enterprises that are under a single subordination, observing a single system of standards, material and technical base and services. While associative hotel chains are temporary associations of independent independent hotel enterprises on a contractual basis.

The world's largest hotel chains are Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, Hilton Hotels & Resorts, Global Hyatt Corporation, Swissôtel Hotels & Resorts, InterContinental, Le Meridien, Ritz-Carlton.

Classification

Several small brands can be combined into a common system in order to expand the prospects for bookings and generalize marketing (for example, association Choice Hotels).

In Russia

Until 1995, Russia did not have a classification system for accommodation facilities harmonized with international ones. Each department developed its own standards for enterprises subordinate to it. The Moscow city association of hotels determined the category of the hotel according to the price list K-05, developed by the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR. In 1994 GOST "Hotels" was adopted. The standards valid as of the 2010s on the territory of the Russian Federation were introduced in 1995 simultaneously with the procedure for certification of tourist services and hotel services. The system was extended to hotels and motels, which are classified into categories from 1 to 5 stars. The classification of hotels in Russia at that time was voluntary.

On January 1, 1999, the GOST standard was put into effect, which established the gradation of accommodation facilities in many respects similar to the standard classification developed by WTO experts.

In Russia, the official hotel classification system until July 19, 2013 was regulated by the order of the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of Russia.

Since July 1, 2011, obtaining a star category in accredited organizations that classify objects of the tourism industry, including hotels and other accommodation facilities, ski slopes, beaches, has become mandatory for all hotels located in the city of Sochi, since from July 1, 2011, the implementation of activities to provide hotel services without a certificate of category assignment entails the imposition of an administrative fine. Since July 19, 2013, the classification system has been regulated by the order of the Ministry of Culture.

Since August 7, 2007, the Russian International Hotel Classification NGO has been conducting classifications according to the official hotel classification system in Russia. The classification committee consists of 79 officially certified experts.

Hotel star system

The cost and quality of hotel services depends on the type of hotel. Thanks to the tourism boom of the last decades of the 20th century, service quality standards have risen significantly everywhere. In order to make it easier to determine the level of the hotel, a star system classification (from one to five stars). IN in general terms such a classification is as follows:

1. one star (Cat D) - a cheap hotel with a minimum of services (daily housekeeping is not always included in them). All rooms are of the same type.
2. Two stars (Cat C) - a low-budget hotel, also with a minimum of services, but with a mandatory daily cleaning of the rooms. One or two types of rooms.
3. Three Stars (Cat B) - a middle-class hotel with a standard set of services: daily housekeeping, bathroom, TV, mini-bar or refrigerator in each room; on the territory of the hotel there is a laundry for guests, a swimming pool, a gym, a business center, a place for breakfast provided by the hotel. Some of these services may not be available, while others may be available. The presence of various types of rooms (single, two-room, for smokers, non-smokers, and so on), as well as the presence of its own electrical substation in case of an unscheduled blackout in the city.
4. four stars (Cat A) - a high-class hotel that provides all of the above services, as well as special ones (such as spas, massages, the presence of several bars and restaurants, conference rooms). Prices for rooms in such hotels are much higher than average.
5. Five Stars (cat deluxe) is a luxury hotel. They are distinguished by an extensive range of services, especially exclusive ones (for example, the presence of a private golf club, a helipad, multi-room apartments with maids). The guest is given personal attention, contributing to the consideration of all his wishes. Prices for accommodation, as well as for additional services, in rooms in such hotels are very high. As a rule, all well-known world hotel brands strive to fall into this category. resort hotels. Despite the difference in systems, a “five-star hotel” is always understood as a hotel of the highest service.

Type classification

Pension

Half board

Motel

Hostel

In many countries there are also so-called gay friendly- hotels providing services for the recreation of sexual minorities, where customers gay can rest easy without fear of homophobic reactions from other customers or staff.

In Russia there are also so-called departmental hotels, which are attached to various government and municipal structures, as well as to large enterprises and companies, for the resettlement of business travelers.

exotic hotels

Aparthotels

Created on the principle of apartments (apartments), but there is no need to conclude an agreement with the owner for a certain period, and the guest can check out at almost any time. The booking system is standard, as in other hotels. In terms of comfort, apart-hotels can be compared with home conditions, and prices are much lower than traditional hotels. World famous apart-hotel brands: MaMasion, Staybridge Suites, Adagio.

Scattered hotel

The hotel, which is not a single block, but consists of various historical buildings located in a small community.

Hotel without staff

A hotel operating with the help of automatic devices, without direct contact between the guest and the staff.

Furnishings and services

Accommodation

• Standard - standard room
• Studio, studio - one room, larger than standard
• Single- Single Room
• DBL- Double Room
  • Double - one double bed
  • Twin - two single beds
• business- two-room suite, consists of a living room and a bedroom
• TRPL- Triple room
• EXB- an extra bed
• CH- with a child (for example, 0-6 years / up to 12 / up to 14)
• Superior- superior room
• Villa - bungalow accommodation
• Family room - family room (2- or 3-room)
• Main Building - a room located in the main building
• Duplex - duplex room
• Junior Suite - superior room (Junior Suite)
• Suite, suite - room of improved layout and category (Suite)
• De Luxe - superior rooms

Furnishings and amenities

Standard room furnishings usually include a bed , wardrobe , a small table and a private bathroom with a shower and often a Jacuzzi . Also, in a typical case, sets of bedding, toiletries and towels are provided for each guest. Most middle-class hotel rooms are equipped with air conditioning, telephone, TV, alarm clock, iron, ironing board, hair dryer, coffee maker, mini-fridge or mini-bar. It is becoming more and more common to have access to a wireless high-speed Internet line (free of charge or for a fee). Some rooms include small kitchens with stovetops and crockery.

Services

Nutrition

Kitchen interior in a small hotel

Types of catering in hotels:

• OB(Only Bed, Only Bed) RO (Room Only) - only hotel accommodation, no meals.
• BB(Bed-n-Breakfast, Bed-and-Breakfast) - a meal plan that includes breakfast at the hotel of residence. It can be a buffet or a continental breakfast.
• HB(Half-Board, Half board) - 2 meals a day at the hotel. This is usually breakfast and dinner, but some hotels may have breakfast and lunch. Drinks at lunch and dinner are usually not included in the price.
• Facebook(Full-Board, Full board) - breakfast, lunch, dinner.
• Al (All inclusive, All inclusive) - a mode that includes not only 3 meals a day, but also additional services, such as a light breakfast, snacks, a light dinner. Drinks are included in the price (sometimes it can only be local drinks, and foreign ones are sold for an additional fee).
• UAI(Ultra All inclusive, Ultra all inclusive) - Three meals a day+ alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks of local and imported production in unlimited quantities throughout the day.

The food itself can be carried out:

• on the principle of "buffet" - a large number of dishes to choose from. Self-service.
• A la carte (meal "on the menu") - it is possible to choose 2-3 dishes from the proposed menu. As a rule, a choice of appetizer, main menu and dessert is offered.
• Continental breakfast - a light breakfast consisting of coffee (tea), juice, buns, butter and jam. It is offered, as a rule, in European city hotels.
• An English breakfast is a full breakfast that usually includes fruit juice, ham and eggs, toast, butter, jam, and coffee or tea.

Booking hotel rooms

Prices

The cost of living in hotels depends on many factors: its level, its location, season, day of the week, occupancy of the hotel, type of room, floor, view from the window, etc. In addition, you need to pay attention to what services included in the price of the room, and which ones are provided for additional fee(e.g. breakfast, use of the Internet, minibar, etc.). As a consequence, hotel prices are subject to constant, daily and even hourly changes.

Hotels, as a rule, participate in the generally accepted system of discounts in each country (discounts for large tour groups, pensioners, businessmen, members of various associations), but are not always tied to it in without fail. small hotels publish their own discount coupons in newspapers and various catalogs. In most cases, there is no public price list for rooms. However, approximate prices can be found on hotel websites and travel portals, which also indicates the list of services and given detailed descriptions numbers.

Payment Methods

In addition to cash, credit cards are the accepted means of payment in most countries. It should be borne in mind that some hotels, even accepting cash payments, also require a card, trying to insure themselves against losses in case of possible damage to the room by guests or theft.

Booking methods

You can book an individual room directly at the hotel by phone or through a website - its own, owned by the brand of this hotel or connected to one of the online booking systems. Rates on general tourist sites-portals are often lower, or the same - if such portals have an agreement with the hotel.

Price level offered travel agency-intermediary usually below the price level set by the hotel itself. This is possible because travel agency-intermediary provides a large load of the hotel, which in turn receives a lot of ready orders and significantly saves on its advertising. It is also possible if travel agency-intermediary, being a major player in the market, preliminarily (several months) redeems a quota of hotel rooms for a certain period, - the hotel makes a significant discount for the guaranteed sale of its rooms during this period and reduces the risks of managing its room capacity, and travel agency-intermediary, in order to sell already purchased rooms, it tries to set prices lower than the prices at which the hotel itself sells the same type of rooms in the same period. However, it should be borne in mind that the booking made through intermediaries is more strictly regulated by its existing system of fines: for example, in case of late cancellation of a reservation, hotels or intermediary firms are forced to require mandatory payment of the full cost of the room or a certain percentage. Without a reservation, it is often difficult to get a hotel room on the go, especially if the hotel is located in a busy area, or the day falls on some important local event that causes an unusually high influx of tourists.

When booking, it is important to indicate certain features, such as availability pets(some hotels categorically do not accept guests with animals, some - for a fee), preference for smoking / non-smoking rooms ( modern trend large brands leads to the complete elimination of smoking rooms). Otherwise, there may be difficulties when registering at the hotel, or significant fines (for example, for smoking, for an undeclared pet).

Typical problems of the hotel business

• seasonality- the economy of many hotels depends significantly on the corresponding natural or tourist season. Beach hotels and ski resorts are sensitive to them.
• Service is a key aspect of any hotel. For a tourist, the hotel temporarily replaces his house, so he is more picky and demanding about the service. The larger the hotel, the more complex its service structure (in large hotels there are departments for booking, registration, catering, technical support, cleaning, security, chauffeurs, etc.). Strict working discipline, unconditional adherence to practical rules, as well as constant control by managers allow maintaining an appropriate level in everyday mode. Therefore, it is important for hotel management to have a professional staff, to provide its constant support and stimulation in order to prevent the dulling of the quality of duties performed, the possibility of theft and other illegal actions. In the face of huge competition, hotels where service is not given enough attention quickly lose clientele and move into a lower class category, from which it is then difficult to rise. Accordingly, the minimum

In settlements (or at forks in the road) on the route of the most important transport routes. The first hotels, in large cities, existed in the countries of the ancient world.

The increase in the number of travelers in the New Age (development of trade relations, colonization) contributed to the expansion of the hotel industry. The modern type of large hotels developed in the 19th century, with the beginning of the industrial revolution.

Classification

Hotels can be divided by type of property, range of services, tourist attraction and additional activities (hotels-casinos).

Several small brands can be combined into a common system in order to expand the prospects for bookings and generalize marketing (for example, association Choice Hotels).

Star system

The cost and quality of hotel services depends on the type of hotel. Thanks to the tourism boom of the last decades of the 20th century, service quality standards have risen significantly everywhere. In order to make it easier to determine the level of the hotel, a star system classification (from one to five stars). In general terms, such a classification is as follows:

1. one star (Cat D) - a cheap hotel with a minimum of services (daily housekeeping is not always included in them). All rooms are of the same type.
2. Two stars (Cat C) - a low-budget hotel, also with a minimum of services, but with a mandatory daily cleaning of the rooms. One or two types of rooms.
3. Three Stars (Cat B) - a middle-class hotel with a standard set of services: daily housekeeping, bathroom, TV, mini-bar or refrigerator in each room; on the territory of the hotel there is a laundry for guests, a swimming pool, a gym, a business center, a place for breakfast provided by the hotel. Some of these services may not be available, while others may be available. The presence of various types of rooms (single, double, smoking, non-smoking, etc.), as well as the presence of its own electrical substation in case of an unscheduled blackout in the city.
4. four stars (Cat A) - a high-class hotel that provides all of the above services, as well as special ones (such as spas, massages, the presence of several bars and restaurants, conference rooms). Prices for rooms in such hotels are much higher than average.
5. Five Stars (cat deluxe) is a luxury hotel. They are distinguished by an extensive range of services, especially exclusive ones (for example, the presence of a private golf club, multi-room apartments with a maid). The guest is given personal attention, contributing to the consideration of all his wishes. Prices for accommodation, as well as for additional services, in rooms in such hotels are very high. As a rule, all well-known world hotel brands and resort hotels strive to fall into this category. Despite the difference in systems, a “five-star hotel” is always understood as a hotel of the highest service.

Some hotels [ which?] claim to be 6 or even 7 stars, but so far this has not become a widespread hotel practice and is more of a marketing ploy.

There are also other classification systems (in particular, the classification system American Automobile Association, AAA). Many hotels, where the service can be equal to five stars, cannot reach this level only due to some architectural features (lack of an elevator, for example, in old castle hotels).

In addition to ordinary hotel hotels, there are other types of inns:

• HV- club hotel
• HV2- club hotel 3-4 stars
• HV1- club hotel 4-5 stars

Half board

Motel

Hostel

exotic hotels

Aparthotels

Created on the principle of apartments (apartments), but there is no need to conclude an agreement with the owner for a certain period, and the guest can check out at almost any time. The booking system is standard, as in other hotels. In terms of comfort, apart-hotels can be compared with home conditions, and prices are much lower than traditional hotels. World famous apart-hotel brands: MaMasion, Staybridge Suites, Adagio.

Furnishings and services

Accommodation

• Standart - standard room
• Studio- single room, larger than standard

• Single- Single Room

• DBL- Double Room
  • Double - one double bed
  • Twin - two single beds
• business- two-room suite, consists of a living room and a bedroom

• TRPL- Triple room

• EXB- an extra bed
• CH- with a child (for example, 0-6 years old / up to 12 / up to 14)
• Superior- superior room

• Villa - bungalow accommodation
• Family room - family room (2 or 3 rooms)

• Main Building - room bigger size than standard
• Duplex - duplex room
• Junior Suite - superior room (Junior Suite)
• Suite - room of improved layout and category (Suite)
• De Luxe - superior rooms

Apartments, as a rule, consist of two or more room departments. The apartments also include one large room, divided into a bedroom and a living room.

Presidential suites, penthouses and other similar suites are provided with the maximum range of services, including a full bar, personal servants, individually prepared meals, etc.

Furnishings and amenities

Standard room furnishings usually include a bed, a wardrobe, a small table and a separate toilet room with a shower and often a Jacuzzi. Most middle-class hotel rooms are equipped with air conditioning, telephone, TV, alarm clock, iron, ironing board, hair dryer, coffee maker. It is becoming more and more common to have access to a wireless high-speed Internet line (free of charge or for a fee). Some rooms include small kitchens with stovetops.

Services

Nutrition

Types of catering in hotels:

• OB(Only Bed, Only Bed) RO(Room Only) - only hotel accommodation, no meals.
• BB(Bed-n-Breakfast, Bed-and-Breakfast) - a meal plan that includes breakfast at the hotel of residence. It can be a buffet or a continental breakfast.
• HB(Half-Board, Half board) - 2 meals a day at the hotel. This is usually breakfast and dinner, but some hotels may have breakfast and lunch. Drinks at lunch and dinner are usually not included in the price.
• Facebook(Full-Board, Full board) - breakfast, lunch, dinner.
• Al(All inclusive, All inclusive) - a mode that includes not only 3 meals a day, but also additional services, such as a light breakfast, snacks, a light dinner. Drinks are included in the price (sometimes it can only be local drinks, and foreign ones are sold for an additional fee).
• UAI(Ultra All inclusive, Ultra all inclusive) - three meals a day + alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks of local and imported production in unlimited quantities throughout the day.

The food itself can be carried out:

• on the principle of "buffet" - a large number of dishes to choose from. Self-service.
• A la carte (meal "on the menu") - it is possible to choose 2-3 dishes from the proposed menu. As a rule, a choice of appetizer, main menu and dessert is offered.
• Continental breakfast - a light breakfast consisting of coffee (tea), juice, buns, butter and jam. It is offered, as a rule, in European city hotels.
• An English breakfast is a full breakfast that usually includes fruit juice, ham and eggs, toast, butter, jam, and coffee or tea.

Booking hotel rooms

Prices

The cost of living in hotels depends on many factors: its level, its location, season, day of the week, occupancy of the hotel, type of room, floor, view from the window, etc. In addition, you need to pay attention to what services included in the price of the room, and which ones are provided for additional fee(e.g. breakfast, use of the Internet, minibar, etc.). As a consequence, hotel prices are subject to constant, daily and even hourly changes.

Hotels, as a rule, participate in the generally accepted system of discounts in each country (discounts for large tour groups, pensioners, businessmen, members of various associations), but are not always tied to it without fail. Small hotels publish their own discount coupons in newspapers and various catalogs. In most cases, there is no public price list for rooms. However, prices can be roughly consulted on the websites of hotels and travel portals, which also list services and provide detailed room descriptions.

Payment Methods

The process of growth in the importance of hotel chains in the global hotel business is characterized by a significant contradiction: on the one hand, international hotel corporations are strengthening their positions, on the other hand, many countries create and successfully operate their own national hotel chains that compete with international giants. The creation of national hotel chains can give the hospitality industry the necessary impetus to improve management efficiency and further development, since the emergence of hotel chain operators allows the application, dissemination of high standards and technologies for the operation of hotels at the corporate level and, thereby, to improve the quality of service and the efficiency of their activities . There is another classification of hotel chains. Two main types are distinguished here: integrated chains, which consist of homogeneous units, and a hotel consortium, which unites independent hotels.

Hotels can chain together in different ways, below are two ways of integration: 1) Vertical integration The trend towards integration within the industry has been observed recently in the hotel industry. In recent years, hotel companies have realized that the needs of their guests are not at all uniform, but on the contrary, they can differ significantly in terms of price and amenities. Now almost all the major hotel corporations own property in every segment of the market - luxury, luxury and economy. An example is the Choice Hotels chain of hotels, where in the luxury class they are known as Clarion Inn, among the middle class hotels are Quality Inn, Quality Suites, the budget class is Comfort Inn, Friendship Inn, Rodeway, and the economy class hotel is Sleep Inn .

2) Horizontal Integration Ever since Pan American opened the first of its Inter-Continental hotels in the late 1940s, several other airlines have also begun to gain experience in horizontal integration by buying and operating hotels. Such a development of airlines, previously engaged only in the transportation of passengers, often over long distances, and now taking on the arrangements between flights, seems quite natural. What they then do with their new property depends on the strategic interests of the company. For example, Nikko Hotels has long been the property of Japan airlines, and she is not going to refuse them. But American Airlines and United Airlines have sold their stakes in the hotel business, apparently as a result of the financial difficulties they've been experiencing in recent years.

There is also a division of hotel chains into corporate and associative. Corporate hotel chains are joint hotel enterprises that are under a single subordination, observing a single system of standards, material and technical base and services. While associative hotel chains are temporary associations of independent independent hotel enterprises on a contractual basis.

Among the most famous world hotel chains: Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, Global Hyatt Corporation, Swissôtel Hotels & Resorts, InterContinental, Le Meridien, Ritz-Carlton, etc. Among Russian ones are AZIMUT Hotels, Heliopark Hotels & Resorts, etc.

The largest Russian hotel chain AZIMUT Hotels was founded by Alexander Klyachin in 2004. Today it includes business class hotels in 23 cities of Austria, Germany and Russia with a total number of more than 5500 rooms.

Below are the largest hotel chain operators (by the total number of rooms in hotels under management).

see also

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

Links

Notes

Hotel, hotel(from French hôtel) - an accommodation facility consisting of a certain number of rooms, having a single management that provides a set of services (at least - making beds, cleaning the room and bathroom). Hotels are divided into different classes in accordance with the services provided and the equipment of the rooms. The historical name of an inexpensive hotel in Russia - inn.

Hotel related professions:

Story [ | ]

Initially, hotels arose as inns in settlements (or at forks in the road) on the route of the most important transport routes. Inns in large cities existed in the countries of the ancient world. The very word "hotel" originally meant an inn. The word "hotel" is ultimately French hotel, derived from hôte- "master". In the old days, this was the name of an ordinary city house ( hotel particulier), in which noble people often stayed during their travels.

The increase in the number of travelers in the New Age (development of trade relations, colonization) contributed to the expansion of the hotel industry. The modern type of large hotels developed in the 19th century, with the beginning of the industrial revolution.

In the 17th century, living rooms, guesthouses and inns were built in the Moscow state, designed for many merchants moving around the country. In connection with the growth of industrial production and the expansion of trade relations in the XVIII-XIX centuries, the population of cities grew, new hotels were opened. In 1910, there were 4,685 hotels in Russia, not counting inns and taverns with rooms. Rooming houses and furnished rooms served the poor. They were all privately owned and were commercial enterprises.

IN THE USSR [ | ]

Under Soviet rule, all hotels were nationalized and transferred to the jurisdiction of local Soviets. The communal enterprises had dual subordination: the local Soviets of People's Deputies decided on the development of the hotel base and the planning of operational and financial activities, and the Ministries of Housing and Communal Services of the Union republics developed and implemented rules, regulations, instructions in hotels and supervised the work of local communal authorities.

To develop tourism in 1933 State joint-stock company for foreign tourism in the USSR "Intourist" was merged with All-Union Joint Stock Company "Hotel" and received at its disposal a network of hotels, restaurants and vehicles.

By 1990, Intourist was formed as an independent branch of the country's economy. It had 107 tourist enterprises for 54 thousand places.

In Russia [ | ]

In 1997, Russia had (% of the total):

By 2000, the hotel and tourist complex of the capital of Russia united 154 hotels (without hostels and hotels at the markets), more than 4,000 travel companies, 14 insurance companies and 16 motor transport enterprises.

Hotel chains (chains)[ | ]

The chains themselves are often an integral part of larger organizations - hotel groups, among which the American group occupies the first place. .

The process of growth in the importance of hotel chains in the global hotel business is characterized by a significant contradiction: on the one hand, international hotel corporations are strengthening their positions, on the other hand, many countries create and successfully operate their own national hotel chains that compete with international giants. The creation of national hotel chains can give the hospitality industry the necessary impetus to improve management efficiency and further development, since the emergence of hotel chain operators allows the application, dissemination of high standards and technologies for the operation of hotels at the corporate level and, thereby, to improve the quality of service and the efficiency of their activities .

There is another classification of hotel chains, according to which they are divided into two main types:

• integrated chains, which consist of homogeneous units;
• hotel consortiums that bring together independent hotels.

Hotels can chain together in a variety of ways. With vertical integration, hotel corporations seek to own property in each of the market segments - luxury, first class and economy. An example is the Choice Hotels chain, where in the luxury class they are known as Clarion Inn, among the middle class hotels are Quality Inn, Quality Suites, the budget class is Comfort Inn, Friendship Inn, Rodeway, and the economy class hotel is the Sleep Inn .

Horizontal integration - the entry of hotel chains into corporations of related industries. Since Pan American opened the first of its Inter-Continental hotels in the late 1940s, several other airlines have also begun to gain horizontal integration by buying and operating hotels. Such a development of airlines, previously engaged only in the transportation of passengers, often over long distances, and now taking on the arrangements between flights, seems quite natural. What they then do with their new property depends on the strategic interests of the company. For example, Nikko Hotels has long been the property of Japan Airlines, and she is not going to give them up. And American Airlines and United Airlines have sold their stakes in the hotel business, apparently as a result of the financial difficulties they've been experiencing in recent years.

There is also a division of hotel chains into corporate and associative. Corporate hotel chains are joint hotel enterprises that are under a single subordination, observing a single system of standards, material and technical base and services. While associative hotel chains are temporary associations of independent independent hotel enterprises on a contractual basis.

The world's largest hotel chains are Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, Hilton Hotels & Resorts, Global Hyatt Corporation, Swissôtel Hotels & Resorts, InterContinental, Le Meridien, Ritz-Carlton.

Classification [ | ]

Several small brands can be combined into a common system in order to expand the prospects for bookings and generalize marketing (for example, association Choice Hotels).

In Russia [ | ]

Until 1995, Russia did not have a classification system for accommodation facilities harmonized with international ones. Each department developed its own standards for enterprises subordinate to it. determined the category of the hotel according to the price list K-05, developed. In 1994 GOST "Hotels" was adopted. The standards valid as of the 2010s on the territory of the Russian Federation were introduced in 1995 simultaneously with the procedure for certification of tourist services and hotel services. The system was extended to hotels and motels, which are classified into categories from 1 to 5 stars. The classification of hotels in Russia at that time was voluntary.

On January 1, 1999, the GOST standard was put into effect, which established the gradation of accommodation facilities in many respects similar to the standard classification developed by WTO experts.

In Russia, the official hotel classification system until July 19, 2013 was regulated by the order of the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of Russia.

Since July 1, 2011, obtaining a star category in accredited organizations that classify objects of the tourism industry, including hotels and other accommodation facilities, ski slopes, beaches, has become mandatory for all hotels located in the city of Sochi, since from July 1, 2011 the implementation activities for the provision of hotel services without a certificate of category assignment entails the imposition of an administrative fine. Since July 19, 2013, the classification system has been regulated by the order of the Ministry of Culture.

Since August 7, 2007, the Russian International Hotel Classification NGO has been conducting classifications according to the official hotel classification system in Russia. The classification committee consists of 79 officially certified experts.

Hotel star system[ | ]

The cost and quality of hotel services depends on the type of hotel. Thanks to the tourism boom of the last decades of the 20th century, service quality standards have risen significantly everywhere. In order to make it easier to determine the level of the hotel, a star system classification (from one to five stars). In general terms, such a classification is as follows:

Type classification[ | ]

Pension [ | ]

Half board [ | ]

Motel [ | ]

Hostel [ | ]

In many countries there are also so-called gay friendly- hotels providing services for the recreation of sexual minorities, where gay clients can relax in peace, without fear of homophobic reactions from other clients or staff.

In Russia there are also so-called departmental hotels, which are attached to various government and municipal structures, as well as to large enterprises and companies, for the resettlement of business travelers.

exotic hotels[ | ]

Aparthotels [ | ]

Created on the principle of apartments (apartments), but there is no need to conclude an agreement with the owner for a certain period, and the guest can check out at almost any time. The booking system is standard, as in other hotels. In terms of comfort, apart-hotels can be compared with home conditions, and prices are much lower than traditional hotels. World famous apart-hotel brands: MaMasion, , .

Scattered hotel[ | ]

The hotel, which is not a single block, but consists of various historical buildings located in a small community.

Hotel without staff[ | ]

A hotel operating with the help of automatic devices, without direct contact between the guest and the staff.

Furnishings and services[ | ]

Accommodation [ | ]

Furnishings and amenities[ | ]

Standard room furnishings usually include a bed , wardrobe , a small table and a private bathroom with a shower and often a Jacuzzi . Also, in a typical case, sets of bedding, toiletries and towels are provided for each guest. Most middle-class hotel rooms are equipped with air conditioning, telephone, TV, alarm clock, iron, ironing board, hair dryer, coffee maker, mini-fridge or mini-bar. It is becoming more and more common to have access to a wireless high-speed Internet line (free of charge or for a fee). Some rooms include small kitchens with stovetops and crockery.

Services [ | ]

A standard service is usually considered daily cleaning of the room.

Middle-class hotels, as a rule, have swimming pools, business centers, conference rooms, guest laundries, and gyms. In addition, a number of external services are provided: providing transport from and to the station or airport for guests arriving by plane or train (so-called).

Nutrition [ | ]

Kitchen interior in a small hotel

Types of catering in hotels:

The food itself can be carried out:

Booking hotel rooms[ | ]

Prices [ | ]

The cost of living in hotels depends on many factors: its level, its location, season, day of the week, occupancy of the hotel, type of room, floor, view from the window, etc. In addition, you need to pay attention to what services included in the price of the room, and which ones are provided for additional fee(e.g. breakfast, use of the Internet, minibar, etc.). As a consequence, hotel prices are subject to constant, daily and even hourly changes.

Hotels, as a rule, participate in the generally accepted system of discounts in each country (discounts for large tour groups, pensioners, businessmen, members of various associations), but are not always tied to it without fail. Small hotels publish their own discount coupons in newspapers and various catalogs. In most cases, there is no public price list for rooms. However, prices can be approximated on the websites of hotels and travel portals, which also list services and provide detailed room descriptions.

Payment Methods [ | ]

In addition to cash, credit cards are the accepted means of payment in most countries. It should be borne in mind that some hotels, even accepting cash payments, also require a card, trying to insure themselves against losses in case of possible damage to the room by guests or theft.

Classification of hotels by star rating the concept is rather arbitrary, and varies greatly from country to country. Now in the world there are about 30 different classifications of hotels. There is no single international classification of hotels. In 1989 WTO (World tourism organization) adopted hotel standards. But these standards are only advisory in nature. Therefore, it is difficult to consider the exact set of services for each category. It is more logical to show the principles by which this or that category is given to the hotel.

Let's start with the best category

Hotel 5*

Hotel 5 * (slang - five). There are already 6 and 7 stars in the United Arab Emirates, but we will not consider them.

The motto of the 5 * hotel is luxury.
You don't just have to feel comfortable in a hotel, you have to feel like you're living in luxury. How more expensive rooms in a 5 * hotel, the more luxury should be in it.

You should have the feeling that they try to think about your desires at the same time when they arose in you, or even before they arose (this is typical for very good "fives").

A 5* hotel starts when you get off the bus or taxi. Porters should take your things and bring them to the reseption. There should not be a long queue at the reception, and you should be quickly checked in and given keys with a story about where the breakfast is, where the pool is, where the fitness club is, etc.
The reception area itself should be beautiful, large and luxurious.
After registration, your things are delivered to your room without your accompaniment, where you give a tip to the porter, and he shows you the room.

What is a 5* hotel room. This room is over 16 m2. It has new, unworn furniture.
Beds with good high mattresses.
Minibar or refrigerator, TV. Large comfortable wardrobes with wooden hangers.
Individual air conditioning.

The spacious bathroom has a bathtub and maybe also a shower, toilet, maybe a bidet.
Telephone in the bathroom, hairdryer, magnifying mirror.
Full set of gels, shampoos, shower cap, soap.
In Asian hotels, there are often kits for brushing teeth and shaving.

If the hotel is a 5 * urban, business-oriented hotel, then it has all the possibilities for working on the Internet, conference rooms, a fitness center,

If the hotel is a beach hotel, then it has a good, beautiful, well-groomed territory. Swimming pool, animation, fitness center, often SPA complex.
Services - hairdresser, laundry, several restaurants, bar, sale of souvenirs, newspapers, currency exchange, etc.

Food service 24 hours. You call by phone and they will bring food to your room at any time of the day.

Hotel 4*

Hotel 4 * - the most fuzzy category. It can have everything like in five stars, only something is missing. For example, usugi-service 24 hours.
In a 4 * hotel, you can already see not the newest furniture, you may no longer take your luggage when you arrive, there can only be soap in the bathroom.
The motto of a 4 * hotel is that there is no luxury, but everything is worthy and comfortable.

Hotel 3*

The motto of the hotel is 3*- Required minimum comfort for little money.
In a 3 * hotel, there must be a toilet and a shower in the room. Most often, 3 * hotels have a bar-cafeteria,

and in 4-5 * hotels there must be a restaurant.

Hotels 1* and 2*

The motto of hotels 1 * and 2 * - only the most necessary to spend the night.

In a 2 * hotel room there is a bed, a chair, a wardrobe - no more frills. The toilet may be in the room, but most often on the floor.

1 * is quite rare and means a hotel on the outskirts, a small one, no more than 10 rooms, there is a bed, a bedside table, a chair in the room.

Hotel room sizes

The size of the rooms in the hotels of the WTO prescribed the following

A 2* hotel room must be at least 10 m2, a 3* hotel room must be at least 12 m2,