What language do Cubans speak? Cuba - everything a tourist needs to know about Liberty Island. What is interesting about the Cuban dialect

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Country Description

If you want to soak up paradise while alive, then you will not find a better place than Cuba. Beautiful white sand beaches, clear sea water, coral reefs and shallows for fishing, rich exotic flora and fauna - this is not paradise. Temperamental as the rhythms of "cha-cha-cha", bright as the plumage of a hummingbird, elegant as an orchid flower, Cuba has always attracted thousands of tourists. But Cuba is not only magnificent nature, it is, first of all, friendly and hospitable Cubans and a deep history. Many cities still keep the traces and spirit of the Spanish conquerors, the memory of the corsair raids. The world famous resort of Varadero is located 140 km from Havana on the Atlantic coast. The surroundings of Varadero are very picturesque, and many kilometers of white sandy beaches and azure ocean waters attract thousands of tourists.

Cuba! magic island separating the Atlantic from caribbean, the bottom of which is literally covered with treasures ... A neighbor of Haiti, Jamaica and Mexico, it attracts not only with tropical exoticism, but also with the special flavor of the island's life, warmth, openness and hospitality of the locals. Every day is a carnival here. There is no heat here, the caressing breeze from the ocean pleasantly cools. There are even no animals dangerous to humans. Here the crocodiles are only in the form of a roast. And countless fish, birds, shellfish become not only a delicacy for gourmets, but also the subject of an exciting hunt. The resulting prey can always be "washed" - with the world's best fiery cane drink - rum ... Kilometers of the finest white sand and azure blue ocean waters seem to be specially created for a world-class resort. People did the rest: in tourism there is a large share of Spanish capital and therefore the service meets the highest requirements. It all starts already at the airport: from it you will be delivered to the chosen hotel in luxurious vintage cars.

Geography

Area - 110992 sq. km.
The highest point is Turquino Peak 1974 m.
The longest river is Cauto 370 km.

Cuba is located in the West Indies, at the junction of North, Central and South America. According to its configuration, the territory of Cuba, stretching from west to east for 1250 km, is often compared with a lizard, the body of which is facing the Atlantic, and the tail is located at the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico. In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. The distance from Cuba to the United States at the narrowest point of the Florida Strait is 180 km, to the island of Haiti through the Windward Strait - 77 km, to the island of Jamaica through the Strait of Colon - 140 km, to Mexico through the Yucatan Strait - 210 km.

The island is 1200 km long and 210 km wide at its widest point. The Cuban archipelago covers an area of ​​110,992 sq. km and has more than 300 natural beaches covered with white sand and surrounded by crystal clear waters. Most famous beach Cuba - Varadero. The landscapes of Cuba are very diverse. There are valleys, mountains and hills here. The main mountain ranges of the country are the Cordillera de Guaniguanico in the west, the Escambray in the center and the Sierra Maestra in the east. In the mountains of the Sierra Maestra, there is also the highest mountain in the country, Turquino Peak (1974 m above sea level). The rest of the island is a fertile plain. On the island you can admire the many caves. Most of the rivers in Cuba are small but very fast flowing. Rivers flow down from the mountains, forming beautiful waterfalls. Of particular interest are the Agabama and Salto del Carbuni waterfalls. The longest river in Cuba is Cauto (about 370 km), which flows in the eastern part of the island. There are many reservoirs and lakes in Cuba. Amateurs come here - ornithologists, because Cuba is a place of migration of resettled birds.

Time

Behind Moscow for 8 hours.

Climate

The climate of Cuba is tropical trade wind. Warm currents, observed in the waters washing the country, and constant northeast winds make the climate mild. The coldest month is January, when the daytime air temperature reaches +25..+27 degrees, and at night there is about 16..18 degrees of heat. The hottest month is August. During it, in the daytime, the air warms up to +30..+32 degrees, and at night it is quite warm - +20..+22 degrees. Relative humidity is high (70-75%) throughout the year, so the heat is especially hard to bear in summer.

The average annual rainfall in Cuba varies from 860 mm in the southeast of the island to 1700 mm in its western part. From May to November, the rainy season is established in Cuba. At this time, especially from August to November, strong tropical hurricanes arise in the Caribbean region, which then go to Florida. The rainiest months are June and October, when 180 to 200 mm of precipitation falls per month. On the coast, the water temperature in winter is about +24 degrees, in summer it warms up to +28 degrees.

Language

The official language is Spanish. However, hotel staff will answer you in English, German, Italian.

Religion

The majority of believers are Catholics (47%), Protestants (4%) and adherents of the so-called Santeria, a syncretic cult based on African pagan beliefs mixed with the cult of some Christian saints. The church is separated from the state, freedom of religion is constitutionally guaranteed.

Population

The population is about 11.4 million people. The majority of the population (about 2/3) are descendants of immigrants from Spain, the rest are blacks, mulattos, mestizos, there is also a fairly large Chinese colony on the island. The indigenous population of Cuba was completely destroyed during the years of the development of the island by the Spaniards. The Spanish colonists needed a lot of labor to work on the plantations and they began to import slaves from central Africa. Over 1 million African slaves were imported by the Spaniards in 350 years. For the same reason, between 1853 and 1874, more than 125,000 Chinese were brought into Cuba from Asia. Until now, in Havana, "China Town" has been preserved. In addition, Indian slaves were imported, but in small quantities, from the Yucatan, Central and South America. An intensive flow of emigrants was from Spain, Germany, France and Britain.

Cuba received a huge number of emigrants from neighboring islands: 250 thousand arrived from the Antilles - Haiti and Jamaica. 850 thousand immigrants arrived from Spain, but not all of them remained to live in Cuba. At the beginning of the 20th century, many Americans settled in Cuba, who created their colonies on about. Pinos. There were very strong waves of emigration to Cuba during and after the First and Second World Wars. First of all, Jews moved here. The Cuban nation thus absorbed the features of the peoples of the whole world. Today, the population of Cuba is 11 million people. According to official sources, the composition of the population of Cuba is as follows: 65% - whites, 12% - blacks, 22% - mulattoes.

Electricity

Mains voltage: 220V

Emergency Phones

National Police: 82-0116
Fire brigade: 81-1115
Ambulance: 24-2811

Connection

For telephone conversations within the city, pay phones are used, working both on coins and on cards (much less often). To call from a "coin" machine, coins of 5 and 20 centavos are required. Calling other cities or provinces is difficult. International telephone calls are carried out exclusively from Telecorreos telephone exchanges, which are available in almost all major hotels. To call, you need a special card of 10 or 25 USD (sold by the hotel administrator). Connection statistics and its cost are displayed on the phone display. One minute of an international telephone call costs about 6.5 USD. Cellular communications and Internet telephony are poorly developed.

To call Cuba, dial 8 - 10 - 53 -<код города> - <номер абонента>. Codes of some cities and provinces: Varadero - 5, Villa Clara - 42, Havana - 7, Granma - 23, Guantanamo - 21, Camaguey - 32, Las Tunas - 31, Matanzas - 52, Holguin - 24, Pinar del Rio - 82, Playa Larga - 59, Sancti Spiritus - 41, Santiago de Cuba - 226, Ciego de Avila - 33, Cienfuegos - 432, Topes de Collantes - 2, Trinidad - 419, Juventud Island - 61.

Currency exchange

In Cuba, for foreign tourists (one might say) only dollars go. No one pays attention to the dilapidation of banknotes. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that when you change, you may be given a so-called convertible peso. This type of peso is equal to the dollar 1:1. This is a new Cuban banknote that has nothing to do with the "wooden" Cuban pesos. In order not to get into a mess, the convertible peso should have “convertible” written on it. As a rule, they are given in small denominations: 1.5, 10. The exchange rate of the old Cuban peso to the US dollar is approximately 1:25. The Cuban convertible coin also circulates on par with the American cent. Often you will be hit back by both. Credit cards are also in use: VISA, EUROCARD, etc. Due to the political situation, AMERICAN EXPRESS cards are prohibited. You can exchange currency in Cuba at banks and many hotels. When exchanging dollars charged commission fee in the amount of 10% of the exchanged amount.

Visa

Citizens of the Russian Federation do not need a visa to visit Cuba for the purpose of tourism for a period not exceeding 30 days. When entering the country, a foreign passport is required, the validity of which must be at least 6 months after the end date of the trip, a return ticket, hotel booking confirmation, an immigration card in 2 copies. When leaving the country, an airport tax is charged, usually equal to 15-20 Cuban pesos. $1=0.93 CUC.

Customs regulations

In accordance with the customs legislation of Cuba, duty-free import of 200 pieces is allowed into the country. cigarettes or 250g of tobacco, 1 liter of spirits, 250ml toilet water or 50 ml of perfume. The import of narcotic and psychotropic substances, weapons and ammunition, pornographic products, auto parts is prohibited. The export of animals and birds, sea shells, valuable wood, items of historical and cultural value is prohibited. To export cigars, you must have a receipt from the store and the original packaging. Import and export of foreign currency is not limited. Amounts over 5 thousand dollars are subject to mandatory declaration. The export of national currency is allowed within 100 pesos. When leaving the country, an airport tax is charged.

Holidays and non-working days

National holidays:
January 1 - New Year and Liberation Day
May 1 - Labor Day
July 26 - Day of the start of the National Uprising
October 10 - Anniversary of the start of the Cuban War of Independence
December 25 - Christmas

Carnivals, festivals, holidays:
Carnivals in Havana, Varadero, Santiago de Cuba - February
International Jazz Festival in Havana - February
Cuban Cigar Festival in Havana - February
Varadero Electroacoustic Music Festival - April
Fair in Holguin - May
Havana International Guitar Festival - May
Feast of Saint Juan in Trinidad - June
Chariot Carnival in Havana - June-August
Celebration of Hispanic American Culture in Holguin - October
Havana Latin American Film Festival - December

Transport

Municipal transport in the country is quite dilapidated, there are few buses and they often break down, so tourists use public transport Not recommended. The main city transport is the bus ("va-va"). There are 2 types of buses - "sitting", where the number of passengers is clearly limited by the number of seats, and ordinary cars, which are often packed to capacity. There are no timetables at all, traffic routes are often not marked either. The fare is 1-2 CUP.

For transportation, it is recommended to use the so-called "tourist taxis", which are fairly modern cars with a radiotelephone and air conditioning. Payment is made only in dollars (approximately 2 USD for 1.5-2 km.). A tourist taxi can be ordered from any hotel or by phone, while the movement of the car is constantly monitored by operators, which ensures safety. Ordinary taxis, which pay in pesos, use quite old cars and there are not many of them. Many private traders earn by "carrying", especially in Varadero and other resort areas. Their prices are somewhat lower than those of state-owned companies, but there is no guarantee either.

The resort of Varadero is served by "shuttles", whose drivers are quite reliable, as well as tourist buses with a ticket for 4 CUC or EUR for the whole day. On this bus, having bought a ticket once, you can ride all day, getting off at any stop and sitting at any stop an unlimited number of times.

Tips

In restaurants, it is customary to leave a tip of 10% of the amount indicated on the bill.

The shops

As souvenirs and gifts, of course, it is better to purchase coral products and jewelry in combination with silver. Also good are the guayabera (tropical shirt), folk percussion instruments, artistic fabrics, embroidery and lace, as well as tortoiseshell products, especially bracelets and hairpins (beware of fakes!). Be sure to buy Cuban rum and real Cuban cigars, among which the most highly valued brands are Bolivar, Coiba, Montecristo, Partagas, Punch, Ramon Allones, Sancho Panza, J. Upmann "," Romeo and Juliet "and" Trinidad ". Shops are open from 9.00 to 18.00 (some until 20.00) on weekdays, on Saturdays - from 9.00 to 15.00 (some until 18.00). Supermarkets and shops in resort areas usually open from 10.00 to 20.00. Most small shops have a separate opening hours. Almost all shops close for "siesta" around noon.

National cuisine

The basis of the Cuban diet is rice and black beans, pork and chicken. Cubans are not very fond of vegetables, but they love fruits, there are a lot of them and they are always fresh. Very tasty mango and banana. Baked bananas in Cuban cuisine come from African slaves. "Fufu" is bananas mixed with other ingredients. Chatinos - a light appetizer for an aperitif, also prepared on the basis of platanos. Cuban cuisine originated from the combined influence of Spanish and African traditions. The national dish is "el ajiaco" - soup-stew with root vegetables and various vegetables, usually cooked with pork. The taste depends on the type of root vegetables and the spices used. Other typical dishes are skewers of pork, fried banana chips ("tachinos", "chatinos" or "tostones"), black beans, oriental congri (rice with red beans), moros and christianos (rice with black beans), chopped steak in Havana, tamales, bakanes or ayacas (made from tender corn). If you order fruit juices, make sure they are freshly made. If your funds are limited, in the snack bars you will be offered a set lunch at a fixed price, you will choose the dishes yourself. Ice cream is very popular. There are many small restaurants right at the home of the Cubans, where you can eat for about $4. Speaking of cuisine, one cannot ignore Cuban coffee, which Cubans drink in large quantities throughout the day. Cuban coffee is very strong and sweet. There are many cafes in the cities where you can taste various infusions, decoctions and other drinks. Cubans put in all drinks a large number of Sahara. The most popular alcoholic drink is rum. The most famous brand of rum is Havana Club. There are three varieties: Carta Oro (gold), Carta Blanca (white) and Anejo (old), which differ in aging. Cubans' favorite rum is Anejo (about $8 a bottle).

Attractions

Havana- administrative, political, cultural, scientific, as well as the main tourist center of the country, a cosmopolitan province. Havana is visited annually by more than half of all foreign tourists coming to the country. Its main charm is the city itself with its variety of architecture, wide avenues and famous boulevards, and especially its historical Center, in 1982 declared by UNESCO - Heritage of Humanity. The starting point of the tour can be El Templete- a small neoclassical chapel built in 1828 on the site where the city is supposed to have been founded; Armory Square(Plaza de Armas), Cathedral Square(Plaza de la Catedral) and Old Square(Plaza Vieja), around which magnificent old buildings and structures are grouped, which at one time were part of the walled city. Memorial to Jose Marti was opened in 1996, it houses various relics, original objects, documents and engravings related to the life and work of the apostle of the Cuban revolution. At the top of the obelisk - a concrete, marble-lined tower 138.5 meters above sea level - is the highest observation deck in the capital. More than 47 thousand exhibits are stored in the funds Palace of Fine Arts, which, after careful work on expansion, reorganization and restoration, is now considered one of the most significant among such institutions in the world. National Botanical Garden covers an area of ​​600 hectares. It is divided into 18 zones, and about a fifth of it is devoted to local plants. One of the main attractions - Japanese garden , donated by the government of this country in 1989 and created by the master of garden art Yoshikuni Arake.

Provinces Santiago de Cuba has two features that make it unique: it is its hospitable, cheerful and carefree people and rich cultural and historical heritage. The main city of the province, founded in 1514, is of great originality, and its most important feature is a magnificent bay surrounded by high mountains over which reigns fortress of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro, in 1997 proclaimed by UNESCO - Heritage of Humanity. A similar status has recently been given to the system of agro-industrial facilities and the remains of more than a hundred coffee plantations in the area of ​​​​Mount Gran Piedra, which were created by the French who fled Haiti. Cespedes Square is the busiest place in the city. The square is surrounded by buildings of great architectural and historical value: House Museum of Diego Velasquez, City Cathedral, former ayuntamiento- the city council, where the provincial government is now located, and the Casa Granda Hotel. The only stepped street in Cuba Padre Pico street, is a natural viewing platform. Here is the boundary between the upper and lower parts of the city. The street descends to the Tivoli area, where the famous Santiago carnival is held. The castle of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro is a Roman-style military building with two blind ditches and two symmetrical three-tiered bastions where cannons were installed. Its construction began in the 16th century and was completed two centuries later. Now here is Museum of Piracy.

Trinidad de Cuba- a city-museum of colonial architecture, declared by UNESCO as a heritage of mankind and a cultural monument of world importance. The city was founded in 1514 by Diego Velazquez. The main cities of the province Sancti Spiritus and Santisima Trinidad de Cuba are two of the first seven cities founded by the Spanish conquistadors on the island. Times have changed, but Trinidad itself is still the same as it was 2 centuries ago with its baroque churches, red-tiled roofs, paving stones and wrought iron railings. It is especially recommended to pay attention to Romantic Museum, Museum of Architecture, Archaeological Museum, Museum of Fighting Bandits, Museum of Natural Sciences "Alexander Humboldt" and Archaeological Museum "Guamuaya".

Matanzas - the main city of the province - called Cuban Athens, as it is the land of poets, or Cuban Venice - due to the fact that the city is crossed by two rivers - Yumuri and San Juan, through which five bridges are thrown for the convenience of pedestrians and transport - and guests will it is interesting to get acquainted with the rich cultural heritage of this calm city, which has grown up on the shores of a huge bay. In the southern part of the province is Zapata Peninsula - real paradise for lovers ecological tourism, but in addition, they will undoubtedly admire the fabulously beautiful Yumuri Valley and the banks of the Kanimar River, which you can admire from bridge bacunayagua- pearls of Cuban engineering, this bridge, with a height of 110 m, is the highest in the country. Vigia Square is the place where the city was founded, from where it began its growth. The area is surrounded by architecturally interesting buildings - Theater "Sauto", Palace-Museum Junko, fire station building and others. Freedom Square(Plaza de la Libertad) - the city's second Armory Square, which overlooks the White Concert Hall, named after the famous black violinist Jose White, the Triolet Pharmaceutical Museum and Government House. On the western shore of Matanzas Bay rises Castle of San Severino. Due to its size, it is considered one of the most important Spanish fortresses in the Americas. In the vicinity of the city of Matanzas are the caves of Bellamar. About 30 halls were studied, where large cave drawings, fossils and traces of the habitation of people who lived here 1,600 years ago.

Resorts

Varadero- the main area of ​​the Cuban archipelago, attracting those who prefer holidays by the sea, enjoys well-deserved international fame. This resort on the Hicacos peninsula has more than 20 km of beaches covered with fine white sand and washed by a sea that shimmers in a variety of shades of blue; one fifth of its territory is part of the ecological reserves. In addition, there are many caves, picturesque slopes and lagoons on the peninsula; along the coast stretches a series of virgin and easily accessible islets. The features of Varadero are complemented by its cultural, historical and natural attractions, closely connected with the neighboring cities of Matanzas and Cardenas and the Ciénaga de Zapata Biosphere Reserve, as well as a number of modern comfortable hotels and a wide infrastructure of service industries.

province in the northeast of the country Holguin famous for being the region where the discovery of Cuba took place. Admiral Christopher Columbus first set foot on the land of the island in a place called Cayo Bariai, where there is now memorial Complex. It was October 27, 1492. The province's capital city of the same name is also called the City of Squares; here you can feel a strong Spanish influence, its straight streets indicate that it was built according to a strict plan. The city has an active cultural life, especially in May, when the May Fair takes place, and in October, when the Festival of Iberoamerican Culture is celebrated. With over 40 kilometers of coastline, there are 41 beaches, including foreign tourists give particular preference to the beaches of Guardalavaca, Playa Esmeralda and Playa Pesquero with exceptionally beautiful seabed. This province also contains Banes, which is considered the archaeological capital of Cuba, since more traces of aboriginal habitation have been found here than anywhere else in the archipelago. Among the 22 bays available in the province of Holguin is one of the largest in the world and in Cuba - Nipe Bay. But also on the territory of the province there are forests and hills with steep slopes and massive peaks.

Cayo Largo- a small group of islands located in the heart of the Caribbean Sea, 177 km from Havana and 170 km from Varadero. It serves as a refuge for hundreds of tropical birds: flamingos, hummingbirds, gray herons and many others. There is a direct line with both Havana and Varadero. air communication. From other tourist points of Cuba, you can also order here special tour. You can move around the island on foot, by bike or by car. The waters of the Caribbean Sea are warmer than the waters of the Atlantic Ocean off the northern coast of Cuba, which leads to a richer marine life off the coast of the island. The tourist infrastructure has everything you need to make you satisfied with your stay on this paradise island. Here you can visit a turtle farm and just a beach where sea turtles lay their eggs.

Cayo Coco- the fourth largest island of Cuba, the main tourist island of the Jardines del Rey archipelago ( royal gardens). It is connected to the main island by a 17-kilometer dam road passing through the Bay of Dogs. Before the advent of tourism infrastructure, Cayo Coco was known mainly for the beautiful pineapples that grow here. To the north, magnificent beaches stretch not even with white sand, but with snow-white. In addition to the beaches of coral origin, considered perhaps the best in the entire Caribbean, there are amazing conditions for diving, fishing and water sports. The small island is a permanent home for flamingos, white ibises, pelicans, herons, wryneck cormorants and vultures. Near the island of Cayo Coco, a little to the west is Cayo Guillermo island. This island is also connected to the "mainland" through a bulk dam.

Island Cayo Santa Maria is in Atlantic Ocean, near the islands of Cayo Coco and Cayo Guillermo and is located opposite the northern coast of the province of Villa Clara. The island is connected to the mainland by a 48.6 km long causeway. The distance to the international airport of Santa Clara is about 110 km and 386 km to Havana. The location of Santa Maria is unique. You can combine relaxing time on the beach with active culture and entertainment program. Near the island of Cayo Santa Maria are small islands Las Brujas and Ensenchos. All three islands have beautiful beaches with soft white sand and are very clean water. Their attractive surroundings are great places for fishing, diving, water sports and boat trips along the channels that separate the islets. On the island of Las Brujas there is an airport where planes of local airlines from Havana arrive. On the island of Cayo Santa Maria there is a hotel of the Spanish group SOL MELIA: SOL CAYO SANTA MARIA 4 *, ALL INCLUSIVE.

Coast Playa Esmeralda is located in the east of the island of Cuba, in the province of Holguin. The highest mountain peak of Cuba is located here and it is here that the most diverse nature is located: more than a hundred beaches, many caves, rivers, mountains, waterfalls and natural springs. It was on this coast that the historic meeting of the sailors of Columbus with the Tainos Indians took place. The province of Holguin produces the best Cuban beer, the most the best fishing, the best diving, the most Beautiful places. On the beaches of Playa Esmeralda you can do almost everything water sports. Among them are windsurfing, sailing, water biking, snorkelling. Diving is especially popular - in the Playa Esmeralda area there are about 20 dive sites.

Useful information for tourists about Cuba, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information about the population, the currency of Cuba, the cuisine, the features of visa and customs restrictions in Cuba.

Geography of Cuba

The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the northern Caribbean. Cuba occupies the territory of the island of the same name as part of the Greater Antilles, the Island of Youth and many smaller islands.

The relief of Cuba is predominantly flat. Hills and mountains occupy about a third of the territory. The highest mountain range of the Sierra Maestra stretches along southeast coast for 250 km. Its highest point is Turquino Peak (1974 m). Approximately 2/3 of the entire area of ​​Cuba is occupied by slightly hilly plains.

State

State structure

Socialist Republic. The head of state is the chairman of the State Council. The highest organ of state power and the country's legislative body is the unicameral National Assembly of People's Power. The highest executive and administrative body, which is the government of the republic, is the Council of Ministers.

Language

Official language: Spanish

English, German, Italian are widely used in resort areas.

Religion

The majority of believers are Catholics (47%), Protestants (4%) and adherents of the so-called "santeria" - a syncretic cult based on African pagan beliefs, mixed with the cult of some Christian saints.

Currency

International name: CUP

You can exchange currency at bank exchange offices, as well as in most hotels. Hotels, restaurants and shops accept credit cards of the world's leading payment systems, except for North American ones. No credit card issued by any US bank will be accepted for payment, but cards and traveler's checks in other currencies are freely accepted. Traveler's checks in US dollars and pounds sterling are accepted indefinitely on one condition - if they are not issued by an American bank.

There are two types of pesos - "non-convertible" (for internal circulation) and "convertible" (CUC or "convertible", used for settlements with tourists, pegged to the US dollar at a ratio of 1: 1.08). Often change is given to both.

All goods and services, including transport and departure tax, must be paid for in convertible pesos. The circulation of the US dollar in Cuba has been stopped. When carrying out exchange transactions with US dollars, a commission fee of 10% of the exchanged amount is charged (no fee is charged when exchanging other currencies). All credit card transactions are taxed at 11.24%.

History of Cuba

The settlement of the island of Cuba occurred quite late, about four thousand years ago. By the time the Europeans arrived, the Indians were still at the stage of the primitive communal system and did not seek to resist the small detachment of Christopher Columbus, who landed in October 1492 in one of the bays of the island. Colonized by Spain in the 16th century. The Spanish conquerors destroyed most of the indigenous population of the Indians and imported slaves from Africa to work on the plantations (slavery persisted until 1886).

In 1902, Cuba was proclaimed an independent republic, but in fact it turned into a semi-colony of the United States, which resorted to occupation more than once in 1906-1922.

In the mid-1950s, a struggle began in Cuba against the regime of F. Batista. January 1, 1959 Batista was forced to flee Cuba. The Cuban leadership, headed by F. Castro, gradually began to focus on the USSR, which provided economic assistance to Cuba.

The irreconcilable position of the Cuban leadership towards the United States in the conditions of " cold war"(in 1961 the United States severed diplomatic relations with Cuba, in 1962 Cuba was expelled from the Organization of American States) led to Cuba being drawn into the so-called Caribbean crisis (October 1962), caused by the deployment in Cuba Soviet missiles.

In 1975, at the first congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, the country was proclaimed a socialist state with a one-party regime. Since the early 1990s, economic difficulties in Cuba have sharply worsened.

The settlement of the island of Cuba occurred quite late, about four thousand years ago. By the time the Europeans arrived, the Indians were still at the stage of the primitive communal system and did not seek to resist the small detachment of Christopher Columbus, who landed in October 1492 in one of the bays of the island. Colonized by Spain in the 16th century. The Spanish conquerors destroyed most of the indigenous population of the Indians and imported slaves from Africa to work on the plantations (slavery persisted until 1886)....

Popular Attractions

Cuba Tourism

Where to stay

In Cuba, there are many hotels of famous world chains, mostly Spanish. Almost all coastal hotels are on the first line of the beach.

Most of the hotels are 4 star. They are all equipped with private bathroom with hairdryer, air conditioning, mini-fridge, safe, cable TV and telephone. Along with this, vacationers are provided with a huge selection of two- and three-star hotels. There are not so many high-level hotels - five-star and five-star Deluxe in the country. Before choosing a hotel, you need to consider that the level of service here is low, below European or Asian.

Most of the hotels located in the beach resorts of Cuba operate on an all-inclusive basis, that is, the room rate includes the possibility of eating in the bars and restaurants of the hotel around the clock.

In resorts such as Varadero, Holguin, Cayo Largo and Cayo Coco, all hotels operate on an all-inclusive basis. In such hotels there are no mandatory surcharges. Meals for guests are provided, as a rule, in the form of buffet. Almost all Cuban hotels are equipped with a pool. Animation programs for adults and children are available only in the largest hotels in Cuba.

Cuban hotels are quite expensive, so it will be cheaper to stay in the private sector, the so-called casa particular. These are rooms in a private house, which are equipped with a double bed, air conditioning, toilet, bathroom with shower and hot water.

Another option for living in Cuba is campismos (camping) - neat houses, usually located by the sea. They cost a little less than the private sector.

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Tours and attractions in Cuba

Cuba is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Caribbean. Its rich history and national traditions, magnificent colonial architecture and other cultural, historical and natural attractions, wonderful climate, warm sea and excellent beaches will make your trip to Cuba unforgettable.

The capital of Cuba is Havana picturesque city, located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart and main attraction of the city is its historical part "Old Havana" with many cultural and architectural monuments. Among the most interesting places in the capital, it is worth highlighting the Prado Boulevard, the Cathedral, the oldest stone fortress of America, La Fuerza (Real Fuerza), the Santa Clara Monastery, the Cathedral of St. Cristobal, the Cathedral Immaculate Conception, National Capitol, City Hall, National Museum and the Palace of Fine Arts (National Art Museum). No less interesting are the Ernest Hemingway House Museum, the Museum of the Revolution, the Roma Museum, the Historical Museum of Guanabocoa, the Great Theater of Havana and the magnificent Botanical Garden. Havana is also famous for its many festivals and celebrations, among which the most impressive are the International Jazz Festival, the Latin American Film Festival and, of course, National holiday- Day of the revolution, which takes place on a grand scale.

The second largest city in the country, Santiago de Cuba, is famous for its magnificent fortress of San Pedro de la Roca (Castillo del Morro), which is included in the list world heritage UNESCO. On the territory of the fortress there is an interesting Museum of the history of piracy. Santiago de Cuba is located in a cozy bay surrounded by high picturesque mountains. And in its vicinity are the beautiful Gran Piedra National Park, on the territory of which the tourist center of the same name is located, and the original Baconao National Natural Park (declared by UNESCO as a Biosphere Reserve). Bakanao is famous all over the world for the Prehistoric Valley, the Sculpture Meadow and the Lagoon. Not far from Santiago de Cuba, in the small village of El Cobre, on a picturesque green hill, there is a snow-white Abode of the Blessed Virgin of Mercy. In the city itself, of particular interest are the magnificent Cathedral, the House of Diego Velasquez, the Cespedes Park, the Ethnographic and Historical museums.

While vacationing in Cuba, you should definitely visit the magnificent karst caves Bellamar and Saturn in tourist area Mantanzas, the cities of Trinidad and Camaguey with magnificent colonial architecture and the Ernesto Che Guevara Memorial in Santa Clara. No less interesting is the magnificent garden in Soroa (province of Pinar del Rio) with a unique collection of orchids and one of the main temples of Cuba - the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in the city of Cienfuegos.

Fans of beach holidays and water activities will certainly be interested in picturesque island Juventud (Pinos) with its unique natural landscapes, magnificent beaches and cozy bays. This place is also considered one of the best diving in the world. The resort town of Varadero is also popular, which is a fashionable recreation area with luxurious hotels, excellent diving centers and picturesque surroundings, and its beach is recognized by UNESCO as one of the cleanest in the world. Elgea resorts are also famous with its mineral springs, Holguin with the magnificent bay of Nipe and the picturesque island of Guam (the southernmost island Mariana archipelago).

Among the main natural attractions of Cuba, one can single out the beautiful Viñales Valley, surrounded picturesque mountains Sierra de los Organos, nature reserve Zapata with unique flora and fauna, the Topes de Collantes Park in the Sierra del Escambray and the Salto del Caburni waterfall located on its territory (one of the largest in the country) and the Alexander Humboldt National Park.

As one of the last strongholds of communism on the planet, the country is of constant interest. While the rest of the world is living in the fast pace of the digital age, Cuba is slowly going its own way, with only a minority having access to the Internet. Dinosaurs of the automotive world, mended and repainted American cars from the 1940s and 1950s, clumsily slink along the dimly lit city streets. In rural areas, ox-carts, omnibuses, Chinese bicycles and cycle rickshaws take the place of automobiles. The dwellings are furnished with furniture antiques inherited from the ancestors, and are lit with energy-saving light bulbs that allow you to save money.

Cuba is inseparable from the international politics of the second half of the 20th century. At the age of six, children become young pioneers - the builders of communism. Across the country, giant posters contain incantations from the country's leadership, such as "Socialismo o Muerte" ("Socialism or death") and "Viva la Revolution" ("Long live the revolution"). Portraits of Che Guevara, the revolutionary martyr of the 1960s, can be found everywhere on the walls of shops, institutions and residential buildings.

Under harsh communist rule, the country has always been bursting at the seams. Its economic condition is directly dependent on the global situation, and the situation is further aggravated by the US trade embargo and the damage caused by hurricanes. Many families continue to live in cramped conditions in dilapidated housing, the monthly income of many Cubans in terms of less than 25 US dollars.

The obvious weakness of the Cuban economy and the deprivation of the Cuban people cannot be overlooked. In addition, there is no real freedom of speech, press and movement outside the country on the island, although there are some indulgences under Raul Castro. However, there is not that glaring poverty here, which is striking, say, in Bangladesh, India, Latin American countries. Housing is provided by the state, and you hardly see homeless people sleeping on the streets anywhere in Cuba, and although Cubans do not get all the food they need on coupon books, no one is really starving. All residents of the country have the right to free health care and education. Life expectancy has increased from 57 years in 1958 to 77.7 years in 2011. This is the 57th indicator in the world. The infant mortality rate in Cuba is lower than in the United States and the European Union.

Dilapidation, poverty and restrictions only emphasize the unbending spirit of the Cuban people. These people are characterized by remarkable stamina, patience and love of life, which, it seems, cannot be undermined by any economic hardships. Cubans are extremely friendly and hospitable and always willingly invite guests of the island to their modest homes. Energetic schoolchildren, all in the same uniform, are everywhere: rushing through the streets, playing a stickball game in the yard, riding homemade skateboards, flying kites.

Cuba today

Modern Cuba is slowly but surely beginning to make concessions to certain capitalist benefits, which seemed completely unthinkable under Fidel. Moreover, here they are no longer so aggressive towards their eternal enemy - the United States. A few years ago, in order to somehow strengthen the shaky state economy, Cuba tried to engage in the development of tourism, which seriously changed its appearance.

The number of people wishing to visit the poor but proud island of socialism is only growing every year, which, of course, affects state reforms. Gradually, the country acquires the notorious "elements of the sweet life", contrasting with the picturesque ruins that have been preserved since the time of the revolution. So, for example, the ban on the import of foreign cars into the country was recently lifted, thanks to which you can now see quite modern taxis at the Havana airport. Coast of Cuba last years actively built up by fashionable hotel complexes and spa hotels. And even though the level of service in most of these establishments still gives off a “Soviet flavor”, rest here can be called quite civilized and comfortable.

Paradise Island

For many arriving on the island for the first time, Cuba is striking in its dissimilarity to the rest of the Caribbean. The best Cuban poet Nicolas Guillén compared the island to "a long green alligator". What is long, that's for sure - the distance from the "nose" to the "tail" is 1250 km. Comparable in area to England, Cuba is divided into 14 provinces and has about 450 islands and islets called "cayos", which means "reefs" and "keys".

Given its size, it would take at least a month to get to know the whole country. Most start in the capital, Havana, and then travel to the famous tobacco plantations to the west, after which they visit the sugar cane valleys and the most beautiful colonial cities in the central part of the island. Most eastern region, called Oriente, is known for its high mountains and the second largest and most musical city.

Along true Caribbean beaches, mainly on the northern coast, a lot of resort hotels have grown. Although many organized tourists still stay closer to the sea, each region of the island has its own charming towns that make people take trips inland.

Cuba's white-sand beaches are delightful, and the long stretches of Varadero coastline in the north are best known. Other beach tourism centers include Guardalavaca, Playa Esmeralda and Coco and Largo Islands. Sailing enthusiasts pay tribute to countless natural harbors, anglers hunt for marlin off the coast, divers explore coral reefs and shipwrecks.

Most tourists prefer a full-service holiday, but the variety of Cuba's attractions also attracts a large number of independent travelers who find a lot of interesting things besides the sea and beaches. At the eastern end of the island rises its highest mountain range, the Sierra Maestro (until 1974 m), the birthplace of many uprisings; in the west, in the province of Pinar del Rio, the green valley of Viña Forest stretches with huge mogotes, steep hills up to 400 m high made of limestone; in the central part of the island are the lush mountains of the Sierra del Escambray and the old sugarcane plantations of the De los Ingenios Valley.

But there are also large and small cities. Havana combines beautiful Spanish colonial architecture with vibrant street life and a range of cultural events and attractions; Trinidad, a shining pearl of the colonial era, draws in beautiful apartment buildings, churches and other buildings on winding cobbled streets; - a colorful cocktail that has absorbed elements of Spanish, French and African cultures.

Climate

Cuba belongs to the zone of tropical trade wind climate. As for the seasons, only two weather seasons can be distinguished in this part of the Caribbean: dry (from October to April) and rainy, accompanied by quite strong hurricanes(from May to September).

Cold is a concept that no Cuban is familiar with. Even in January, the temperature on the island rarely drops below +22 °C. The apotheosis of the heat falls on August, when the thermometer freezes at +28 ° C in the shade. An additional bonus to the ocean winds and tropical stuffiness is high humidity, which often overshadows the first days of travel. But you should not worry about a specific reason: it usually takes no more than a couple of days to get used to the local climatic realities.

Main tourist destinations

What Cuba is really conducive to is a lazy beach holiday: in fact, the entire coastline of the main island is a continuous Bounty beach with starch-white sand and azure shallow waters. If your plans are not only regal reclining on a deck chair and getting a chocolate tan, try to stay longer in the main city of Cuba - Havana. Firstly, you still do not deprive yourself of a pleasant beach relaxation, because the city has snatched off a 20-kilometer piece of the sea coast, equipping it in accordance with the tastes of tourists. And secondly, you can fully enjoy the old architecture that the Cuban capital is famous for.

It is worth stopping by to plunge into the typical Caribbean flavor, gain impressions from exploring the historical part of the city (after all, it was from here that the Spanish colonization of the island began) and dance to the incendiary melodies of street musicians. The cradle of the Cuban revolution, Santa Clara, is mostly visited by those who are constantly haunted by the romanticized image of the ex-commandant Che Guevara. For your information, the remains of the Argentine rebel to this day rest in the local mausoleum. The cigar capital of Cuba, Pinar del Rio, is ready to offer its guests not only excursions to tobacco plantations, but also walks through the most picturesque valleys surrounding the city. You can rewind time and return to the colonial era in Trinidad. Some of the local mansions built by the "sugar kings" are even included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Of all the islands of the Cuban archipelago, Cayo Largo, Cayo Caco and Cayo Guillermo are recognized as the most tourist-oriented. The first piece of land is notable for its coral reef and iguanas roaming freely along the coast. There is practically no local population on Cayo Largo, but there are plenty of hotels and bars with visiting staff, as well as clean municipal beaches. It is best to escape from the blues and relieve stress on Cayo Coco. The main feature of the island is a cave disco organized for tourists on Tuesdays. From Cayo Coco, you can cross the sandy dam to the neighboring island - Cayo Guillermo, whose main bait is considered to be living here pink flamingos. It’s a paradox, but the Cubans themselves are really not allowed here, unless they work in one of the island hotels, so only overseas guests can enjoy fantastic sunsets and all the benefits of the all inclusive system on Cayo Guillermo.

Attractions and entertainment in Cuba

The main historical sights of Cuba are concentrated in Havana and several other large cities. In the capital, first of all, it is worth paying attention to the Old Havana area with its Cathedral of St. Christopher, Prado Boulevard and the Colon Cemetery, dotted with pretentious marble monuments. Contemplation of the Havana Capitol (a recognizable copy of the Washington one) will also give a pleasant experience. It is also interesting to wander around the old city squares, bordered by old mansions in colonial style. Plaza de Armas, Plaza Vieja, Plaza de la Catedral, Plaza de San Francisco - all these paved spots are included in the mandatory minimum tourist program.

The tiny town of Remedios is well worth a visit for its Carnival Museum, the Alejandro Garcia Cuturla Music Museum, and the Church of St. John the Baptist. People go to Pinar del Rio to see the Guash Palace, go to a performance at the Milanes Theater and watch the production process of real Cuban cigars at the Francisco Donatien tobacco factory. In Matanzas, Vigia Square, San Severino Castle and Montserrat Chapel are considered must-sees.

Cuba is not Cuba without a mention of old Hemingway. Here the writer is loved, honored, but not missing the opportunity to earn a little on his fame. If you are also not indifferent to the work of old Ham, look at the Finca Vigia estate in the vicinity of San Francisco de Paula (Havana district), to which the genius gave 20 years of his life.

For ecotourists in a country with 14 national parks and more than two dozen biosphere reserves, the possibilities are almost limitless. The most famous and most visited protected natural areas are the Bacanao, Desembarco del Granma, Sierra del Rosario and Topes de Collantes parks.

It is difficult to ignore the Cuban resorts, the most major of which is Holguin. Rest here, though expensive, but fun and prestigious. In addition, the most beautiful beach in the country, Playa Esmeralda, is assigned to the resort. Cheaper and less pretentious Varadero has made a reputation for being active nightlife. Regulars of this paradise- party fans, sex tourists and just lovers of all-inclusive holidays. Well, travelers who do not belong to any of the above categories can be advised to look into Varadero for an excursion to the Jose Smith sugar factory, where the production of the rum legend, Havana Club, was first launched.

All sights of Cuba

Divers in Cuba live freely without exaggeration. If you wish, you can go in search of underwater adventures directly from the beaches of Havana, Varadero and Santiago de Cuba. The transparency of sea water is high almost everywhere, and the bottom is replete with coral thickets and interesting finds. But it is better, of course, to choose less crowded places, tested by experts. These include the islands of Cayo Coco, Cayo Largo, Juventud and Jardines del Rey. You can also chase exotic fish near the coral reef in the province of Cienfuegos.

There is no shortage of experienced instructors on Liberty Island, but most of them speak only Spanish and a little less English. Russian-speaking diving gurus are found only in Varadero and Jardines del Rey. It is also possible to get training in primary diving skills in Cuba, but it is unlikely that you will be able to acquire a certificate of a more advanced level (PADI).

It is not necessary to bring diving equipment with you. Almost all Cuban diving centers have their own material and technical base: sometimes thoroughly shabby, but quite functional. On average, dive rates range from 30 (daylight hours) to 40 (at night) CUC.

Holidays to celebrate with Cubans

Communist holidays are still in trend on Liberty Island. Here, the First of May and the Day of the Cuban Revolution (January 2) are still celebrated with great pomp. On July 26, a wave of parades and demonstrations in honor of the Day of the National Uprising covers the country. On October 10, all Cuban patriots do not go to work, but gather at the monument to Carlos Manuel Cespedes to lay flowers and express their deep gratitude to the “father of the motherland”.

Despite the fact that the vast majority of local residents are zealous Catholics, Christmas in Cuba is celebrated quietly, modestly and without traditional gifts. But on New Year's Eve in large cities unimaginable festive chaos reigns, accompanied by intoxicating parties and concerts.

Features of the national mentality

The indigenous population of Cuba lives mostly in poverty, but carefree and cheerful. All these tales about dancing in the middle of the street, amazing talkativeness of locals, prehistoric Cadillacs and Buicks, carefully inherited, as well as generous compliments towards white European women have a very real basis. The average Cuban behaves like a typical careless dreamer who dreams all his life about how one day he will get rich, but at the same time he will not agree to leave his usual comfort zone for any treasure. But there is a sacred meaning in such a way of life: to strain yourself in a country where there is a general leveling and revolutions break out from time to time, it is more expensive for yourself. Although scolding their regime in front of the Cubans is a kind of mauvais ton. Despite the fact that local residents have a meager salary, receive food on coupons and pay exorbitant prices for white sugar, which they themselves produce, outwardly they look quite content with such an existence.

As for the attitude towards tourists, then, of course, for most Cubans they are just fat wallets, from which, if possible, you need to shake out the maximum. If not everyone, then very many are engaged in a divorce for money on Liberty Island: starting from the state that put into circulation a special tourist currency, ending with petty scammers who deliberately provoke accidents in order to defraud a naive traveler of material compensation. Recently, such an unprecedented phenomenon as the financial stratification of society has begun to be observed in the country: Cubans, involved in the tourism sector and having the opportunity to receive tips in addition to their main income, have become a real elite.

Religion

Catholicism in Cuba is closely intertwined with Afro-Cuban religions, in particular with such as Santeria. Tourists have the opportunity to experience many aspects of these religious practices. In the early 1960s, the government removed catholic church much of its power and influence, but masses are still held in temples throughout the island, and since the pope's visit to Cuba in 1998, Catholic services and ceremonies have become more widespread.

Language

The entire population of Cuba speaks Spanish. Recently, in connection with the development of the tourism industry, various courses of study have begun to gain popularity among the islanders. foreign languages, mostly European. In particular, the staff of luxury hotels and taxi drivers overwhelmingly speak good English. But since there is still a long way to go before mass mastering the language of Shakespeare, it is better to get a paper or electronic Russian-Spanish phrase book before the trip.

Food in Cuba

Spanish, Creole and African motifs are closely intertwined in Cuban cuisine. A favorite side dish here is rice, which often includes black beans or beans. It is served most often with pork or chicken, since beef in Cuba is a pleasure available only to the elite. It is worth trying the Creole ajiaco, which is a meat stew with vegetables and spices. By the way, it is better to look for the most peppery and spicy dishes in the vicinity of Santiago de Cuba.

In some establishments, you can also taste exotic meats (crocodiles, turtles). Quite popular types of dishes include huevos habaneros (a local variety of omelet with spicy sauce), chicharrones (crispy pork skin chips), pulpet meatloaf and the invariable lobsters, which are inaccessible to a simple Cuban, but are in great demand among the tourist fraternity. For dessert, you should take maduros (fried bananas), caramel cream dulce de leche (an analogue of domestic boiled condensed milk) and churros cookies, which are fried right on the street. In addition, Cuba has an abundance of fruits, so you can meet them not only in the form of desserts, but also as a side dish for meat dishes.

Of the drinks, it is worth appreciating Cuban rum and, of course, the legendary daiquiri, the favorite cocktail of John F. Kennedy and Papa Ham. Tourists drink guarapo cane juice more out of curiosity than pleasure. But local beer enjoys a good reputation. Coffee in Cuba is brewed the strongest, generously flavored with sugar, and sometimes splashing a couple of drops of rum into a cup.

In most hotels where breakfast or three meals a day is provided, the cuisine is more Europeanized. Usually the morning starts with a buffet with all the consequences. If you are looking for a typical Cuban tavern, welcome to the pubs in private houses (paladares), which have recently been actively replaced by classic restaurants.

Money

In theory monetary unit country is the Cuban peso. In fact, there are two types of money in circulation: for the indigenous population, this is the same Cuban peso (CUP), and for tourists, it is a convertible peso or cookie (CUC). 1 cookie is 57.43 rubles, exactly 1 US dollar or 1.18 euros (for 2017).

It is most profitable to exchange euros (no commission) or Canadian dollars in local banks. The worst thing is to convert American currency, since the commission for its exchange can reach up to 20% of the amount. Money exchange is made at the airport, hotels and banks. The latter are open from Monday to Friday from 8:30 to 15:00, and from 12:00 to 13:30 establishments are closed for a traditional siesta.

The resort areas of the island accept credit cards. Not so long ago, Cuba lifted the ban on the "plastic" of American banks, but failures in the conduct of payment transactions with Mastercard still occur. Protection from such awkward situations will be a supply of cash, which will be gladly accepted in any institution.

It is customary to give tips on Liberty Island. In restaurants, this can be the traditional 10% of the bill. There will be enough change in the bars (in cookies). Porters, maids and street musicians are given no more than 1 cookie.

On a note: before leaving, try to lower all cookies in stores, or have time to exchange them at Havana airport. Otherwise, you risk returning home with a pile of useless pieces of paper - convertible pesos are not changed anywhere else.

Travel budget

Compared to the rest Latin America and other developing countries, Cuba can be unpleasantly expensive, but staying on the island will cost you no more than holidays on other islands in the Caribbean.

Road

Air tickets can become the main item of expenditure, especially for residents of Europe and Asia. It is cheaper to travel during the off-season, from mid-December to mid-April, and with a full service fee.

Accommodation

Car rent

You can rent a car in Cuba in any major city, but keep in mind that gasoline here is expensive: about 1.20-1.40 CUC / l. To rent a car, you must be 21 years old and have at least one year of driving experience. To conclude a lease agreement, a passport and driving license international standard.

The rental price is from 45 to 150 cookies per day with no mileage limit. Usually the tourist pays the rent, as well as a mandatory deposit of 150-300 CUC (can be in cash). You will need to buy insurance on the spot, even if you pre-paid for the rental before arriving in the country. If you take the car in one place and want to return it to another, you will have to pay the cost of the return trip. If your vehicle is damaged, you must pay the first few hundred dollars needed to repair it, unless you can prove that the damage was not your fault. Before you accept the car, inspect it for dents and scratches.

Useful information: even while driving a rented car, it is unlikely that you will be able to disguise yourself as a real amigo on Cuban roads. Cars in the country are identified by the color of the numbers: yellow ones belong to private owners, blue ones belong to government agencies, and red ones are given out to tourists.

Liberty Island Cuba is a legendary country, about which, for all its color, we know not so much. Meanwhile, this island is rich in its history, culture and incredible life experience. Time stopped in Cuba about three decades ago. And you still have the opportunity to see the world of the past.

What is it, Cuba on the map

In the north of the Caribbean Sea there is a very interesting, original and uniquely memorable country, the Republic of Cuba. It covers not only the central island, but also several smaller ones. It is divided into 16 provinces, also includes the municipality of the Youventud Islands. No matter how large the area of ​​​​Cuba may seem, its population is about 11,300,000 people.

The state is a member of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization. The dominant Communist Party directs politics. The flag of Cuba is white, blue and red. The three blue stripes represent the Spanish parts of Cuba, the two white stripes represent independence, the red triangle represents equality, and the star represents freedom.

Cuba covers a total area of ​​110,860 square kilometers and is 1,250 kilometers long. The state borders on the United States, Mexico, Jamaica and the island of Haiti. The climate here is tropical, the temperature ranges from 22 to 30 degrees Celsius.

Where the name of the Island of Freedom came from is not fully known. It is assumed that the word "Cuba" came from the Taino Indians, who called the island a "beautiful place." And some historians say that the island of Cuba was named by Columbus in honor of the village of the same name in Portugal.

History of Cuba

Cuba has gone through a difficult path in the period of its formation. These lands have seen many revolutionary actions. The first civil uprising took place as early as 1823, when the locals decided to fight for an independent Spain. From 1868 to 1878, battles were fought here during the Ten Years' War for the independence of the Cuban people. This was followed by a number of revolutionary leaders, bringing to Cuba their orders and principles of government.

The well-known Fidel Castro came here in 1953. It was with his activities that the Cuban Revolution began, which opposed the ruling dictator Batista. When he fled the island, the "left" revolutionaries took the lead. But the optimistic trend did not last long, as repression soon began in Cuba. Castro was afraid of the dangerous influence of the United States, and actively began to cooperate with the Soviet Union.

It was this, the largest state at that time, that supported Cuba materially and financially. But when Perestroika began in the Union, the relationship changed. And Cuba itself has lost its former power. There was little money, there were not enough jobs. Stability was achieved only by 1994.

The church in Cuba operates according to its own rules, because everyone here has the right to their own religion. Mostly they profess Catholicism. But sometimes there are examples of Protestantism and African cult, which are built on the sacrifice and worship of various pagan gods.

They speak mainly in Spanish, but you can also hear English and Italian. In some regions, Dutch, German and various local dialects are spoken.

Cuba and its cities

The capital of Cuba, the city of Havana, is tourist center and one of the largest in the country. Its total area is almost 727 square kilometers, on which 15 municipalities are located. Havana received the status of the capital in 1902, and at the moment there is a cultural, economic and political center countries.

A lot of museums have been built in the city, in particular the Colonial, the National, the José Marti House Museum and the Museum of the Revolution. Also here you can see many old restored houses of the XVI-XVIII centuries. Also opened is the house-museum of the great writer Ernesto Hemingway, who was utterly in love with Cuba.

The second largest city in Cuba is Santiago de Cuba. It was built and inhabited at the beginning of the 16th century, and until 1556 it served as the capital of the state. Here, as in the capital, a lot of museums have been opened: ethnographic, municipal, natural history and others.

Tourists come to the south of Cuba to try their hand at recreational diving and see the fortress of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro. By the way, it is in this city that the grave of dictator Fidel Castro is located.

In the center of Cuba in 1514 the city of Camagüey was built. Local residents suffered from pirate attacks for several decades, but over time the area has changed. Surrounded by picturesque nature, the city is famous for its numerous attractions - the Ignacio Argamonte Museum, Trabajadores and Soledad squares, and, of course, Campestre Casino Park.

How to organize an unforgettable vacation in Cuba

Despite the fact that Cuba is not the richest country, there will definitely be something for a tourist to see here.

The bell tower rises in the capital Cathedral St. Christoph, the building is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was built from 1767 until the end of the 19th century, the frescoes of Giuseppe Perovani became the crowning achievement of architectural creation. The bells are made of bronze with an admixture of silver and gold.

Be sure to walk along the Prado Boulevard in the capital, this promenade separates the two regions of Havana. Noisy and colorful Cuban weddings take place here, since the Wedding Palace is located on the boulevard. A large hotel "Seville" was built for tourists, and the old Capitol towers nearby. Walking along the boulevard in the evening, you will certainly see the Bolshoi Theater and Central Park. Walk a little more - and you are on the Malecon.

The picturesque and one of the largest parks, Sierra del Rosario, can be seen if you get to the Rosario ridge. big park represents protected area with a length of 250 kilometers. Grows on this land a tropical forest with over 800 plant species. At the moment, the park is of particular natural value for UNESCO.

And, of course, you can't come to Cuba and not look into Hemingway's house. It was here that the writer lived almost until the end of his life. He was inspired by the unique seascape and fresh brackish air. Hemingway arrived in Cuba in 1940, but the house in which he settled was built at the end of the 19th century. Gorgeous views, rum and national flavor inspired the author to write the legendary novel The Old Man and the Sea.

In 1961, the writer passed away, and a year later, in tribute to his work, the Cuban authorities made a museum in his house. Everything here is preserved in the form that Ernest used to see. Even in the bedroom, on the desktop, they installed an exact copy of the typewriter on which brilliant works were created.

Cuba is something unique

You will definitely not find such another country anywhere in the world. And there are plenty of quirks on Liberty Island. Accustomed to bans, repressions and restrictions, Cubans have some other permissiveness. Surprisingly, the activities of Masonic lodges are still legal here. To this day, there is an organization of Masons, including a little less than 300,000 local residents.

But there are more restrictions. For example, one of the strangest rules is the ban on catching and eating lobsters by locals. This product is considered exclusively for tourism and is grown or caught by state monopolists. Local residents do not have the right to this product. We are talking not only about lobsters, but also about lobsters. To tell the truth, this rule, of course, is violated. But it still remains within the law and implies imprisonment for several years.

Photography in Cuba is a separate art form. But before you take the coveted picture, make sure it's legal. It is strictly forbidden to photograph administrative and military buildings, cars and any other places. There are a lot of KGB officers in all cities, but it’s better not to risk taking photos or videos with them. If you are photographing locals or taking selfies with them, then, first of all, ask permission. You are unlikely to hear a refusal, but if this happens, it is better to immediately erase the photo.

And the most popular entertainment in Havana is the Tropicana show. It is presented by a traditional cabaret with bright Cuban costumes. Ticket price - 95 Cuban pesos, this amount includes a pass to the event, a glass of champagne, a can of Coca-Cola and a bottle of rum. Cabaret tells the rich history of Cuba from the time of the Indians to the dictators of Castro.

Cuba and tourism

What does a tourist do when he gets tired of the sights or when there is a little less than a couple of hours left before the plane? Of course, go shopping!

The Caribbean coast is rich in its ocean sights and beauties. In local souvenir shops you can buy bracelets and figurines made of tortoise shell. It will be interesting for musicians to bring bongos, for fashionistas - a guayabera shirt. Well, where without traditional portraits of Che Guevara, who look at tourists from T-shirts, cups, key rings and other things.

You are unlikely to have to buy products, but you will not be able to do this very well either. In Cuba, everything is issued on coupons, and supermarkets work for tourists. To tell the truth, there are only two large shopping centers in Cuba, and then in the capital.

What to try in Cuba?

Of course, drink a glass of rum and, if tastes permit, smoke a fragrant cigar and feel like Al Capone. Buying Rum in any city in Cuba is easier than finding a store without a queue. Rum prices are minimal, but the quality matches the price. If you want to try a good cigar, then check out the Cigar Museum. This way you will learn more about this iconic item and buy a quality product for a relatively small price.

When it comes to restaurants, things are not going well. There are no large five-star restaurants with arches and waiters in butterflies in Cuba. And even small cafes for three tables with a thatched roof are called a restaurant here. But they cook in all establishments quite tasty. Sea food is widespread. The same lobsters and lobsters that are relatively inexpensive here.

All about Cuba for tourists

To visit Cuba you will need. The Embassy of the Island of Freedom warmly welcomes Ukrainian tourists, so the documents will be processed quickly. With such a visa, you can stay in the country for up to 30 days, and if the atmosphere of the island drags on for some more time, then the documents can be easily extended at the Ukrainian embassy.

Will cost you about 500-700 dollars. to Cuba ranges from 25 to 50 thousand hryvnia. The hotel will cost tourist city about 1500 - 2600 hryvnia per day. In smaller towns, hotels cost about
1000 - 1500 hryvnia per day. You can give yourself a truly heavenly pleasure and rent a house, villa or cottage on the coast. This luxury will cost 800 - 2200 hryvnia per day.

Regarding the currency, it is worth knowing one fact. There are two types of pesos in Cuba. The first is designated as CUP, this currency is less colorfully printed and is intended for local residents. For tourists, the peso is designated, which is designated as CUC. This is the so-called convertible peso, which corresponds to the usual one as 1:25, respectively. Interestingly, in any city in Cuba, both currencies are accepted. And the magic still exists.

Video - 13 interesting facts about Cuba

On the account of money, it is also important to know that there are no terminals in the local stores. So you should always carry cash with you. It is better to immediately withdraw a large amount from ATMs, because the commissions there are literally extortionate. Part of the amount should be kept close to you, and part should be left in the safe of the hotel or villa. And in general, all valuable things should be kept with you. Cuba has a fairly high rate of theft.

When taking photos, do not forget that posting pictures on Instagram will not be very easy. There is no Internet in Cuba on a large scale. You can use it only with the help of a map in certain places. Or in the central districts of the city at the main post office. Or in a hotel, of course.

In Cuba, it is a separate world that cannot be compared with anything. Temperamental, emotional and to this day not discouraged Cubans will gladly share their experience with you from the old memory. Ukrainians are habitual guests in Cuba. Once upon a time, a tour to Cuba was organized for the children of Chernobyl. Now everything is getting better, and Cuba is still waiting for our countrymen. The point is small - to clarify where Cuba is located, order a visa, book a hotel and fly to a meeting for a sunny vacation.

Liberty Island was discovered by Christopher Columbus on October 27, 1492. After that, the Spaniards tried to colonize it for four centuries and turn it into their overseas province. The British and Americans also wanted to succeed in this later. However, none of them managed to establish their own rules there. Therefore, even now they say about Cuba that it is the “Island of Freedom”. Cuba is famous all over the world for its carnivals, dances, songs, boxing, volleyball, Cuban cigars and Cuban rum, beautiful sea and magnificent beaches.

The island nation of Cuba is located in the Caribbean Sea. It consists of the islands of Cuba, Youthud and several other archipelagos. 180 kilometers north of Cuba is the United States, and to the south and southeast are Jamaica, Haiti and Dominican Republic. The total area of ​​the country is 110,860 sq. km.

Cuba is the largest island in the entire Caribbean. Most of its territory is plains. Mountain systems can be found only in the west, in the center and in the southeast. The highest peak is Turquino peak in the Sierra Maestra mountain range, whose height reaches 1,974 meters.

The coast of the island of Cuba is indented with picturesque bays and bays, and near the coast there are beautiful coral reefs. In general, there are about 4,000 thousand islands and reefs near Cuba.

Havana is the capital of the state of Cuba. More than 2.3 million people now live in this city. Havana was founded by the Spaniards in 1515 on the site of an ancient Indian settlement.

The official language is Spanish.

More than 60% of the population identify themselves as Catholics, but only about 5% of them attend church regularly.

According to the 1992 Constitution, Cuba is a socialist republic in which the "leading force of society and state" is the Communist Party. The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba also acts as the President of this state.

The local parliament is called the National Assembly, it consists of 609 deputies elected for a 5-year term. Executive power is vested in the Council of State and the Council of Ministers, which consists of 31 ministers.

Administratively, the country is divided into 15 provinces, which in turn are divided into 168 municipalities, and one special municipality (Khuventud).

The climate is subtropical, mean annual temperature air - about + 27С. The hurricane season lasts from July to mid-November. Most often, hurricanes and tropical storms occur in September and October.

You can relax in Cuba almost all year round, but best time the winter months when there is no rain.

Average air temperature in Cuba:

1. January - +26C
2. February - +27C
3. March - +28С
4. April - +29C
5. May - +31C
6. June - +30C
7. July - +30С
8. August - +32С
9. september - +31C
10. october - +29C
11. November - +27C
12. december - +26C

The island of Cuba is surrounded on all sides by the Caribbean Sea. Off the coast there are beautiful coral reefs.

The average temperature of the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Cuba:

1. January - +25C
2. February - +24С
3. March - +24C
4. April - +26C
5. May - +27C
6. June - +27С
7. July - +28C
8. August - +28C
9. september - +28C
10. october - +28С
11. November - +27C
12. december - +27C

Several rivers flow through Cuba. The largest of them is the Cauto River, which begins in the Sierra Maestra mountains in the province of Santiago (its length is 370 km). The Almendares River flows through Havana, supplying the capital drinking water. In general, there are several hundred rivers and small streams on this island.

On October 27, 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in Cuba, and since then the modern history of this island, and then the state, begins. At the beginning of the 17th century, Diego Velasquez founded the first seven settlement cities on the island - Baracoa, Bayamo, Santiago de Cuba, Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus, Camaguey and Havana. In the process of colonization, the Spaniards almost completely destroyed indigenous people. During the 4 centuries of Spanish domination, tens of thousands of slaves from Africa were imported to Cuba.

The Spanish occupation of Cuba ended only at the end of the 19th century, but the country became politically dependent on the United States.

On January 1, 1959, the Revolution won in Cuba, and the country embarked on the path of building socialism. One of the leaders of the Revolution, along with Camilo Cienfuegos and Ernesto Che Guevara, was Fidel Castro.

In April 1961, the Americans attempted to overthrow the Cuban government led by Fidel Castro, but their mercenaries were defeated in the Bay of Pigs.

Some capitalist countries, including the United States, have not yet lifted economic sanctions against Cuba, which hinders the development of this amazing country.

Cuban culture has been shaped by Spanish, African, French and Asian influences and is therefore known for its diversity. This country has become the birthplace of many musical styles and dances, among them the most popular are mambo and cha-cha-cha.

However, Cuba is known in the world not only for music and dancing, but also for sports achievements in boxing and volleyball. Sports can also be considered a reflection of cultural traditions.

Cuba cannot be imagined without festivals. For example, every summer Havana hosts the famous Chariot Carnival, during which special stages with music and dance groups drive through the streets of the Cuban capital for three days, and street processions of musicians are also held. In general, the Carnival in Havana lasts, as a rule, 12 days, and the legendary cabaret Tropicana, founded in 1939, takes part in it.

Also in Havana, fairs of folk crafts are regularly held in the summer, in which various musical, dance and theater groups participate.

Every September, the festival of traditional Cuban music Festival del Son takes place in Santiago de Cuba. This holiday lasts for four days.

Cuban cuisine has been heavily influenced by the Spanish culinary traditions. Many Cuban dishes are very similar to those served in Andalusia ( southern Spain). However, African, Portuguese, French, Arabic and even Chinese culinary traditions have also influenced Cuban cuisine.

The main food products are potatoes, malanga, yucca, wheat, fish and seafood (especially lobster), meat (chicken and pork), rice, bananas, vegetables, beans. Hot spices are rarely used.

Tourists are advised to try "Moros y Cristianos" (black beans with rice), "Arroz con Pollo" (yellow rice with chicken), "Ropa Vieja" (beef fillet pieces), "Ajiaco" (vegetable stew with meat and garlic), " Fufú" (mashed boiled green bananas, often served with meat), "Piccadillo" (spiced beef with tomatoes and onions). Popular desserts are Helado (ice cream) and Galletas (sweet biscuits).

The traditional soft drink is coffee. The best Cuban coffee comes from the Sierra Maestra.

Traditional alcoholic drinks are rum and rum cocktails. Every self-respecting Cuban bartender should know at least 100 cocktail recipes with rum or other alcoholic drinks.

Most of the monuments of Cuban culture belong to the colonial era. Several monuments are considered UNESCO World Heritage Sites:

1. Historic Center of Havana Vieja and Fort (Havana)
2. Old City of Trinidad (Sancti Spiritus)
3. Sugar mills around Trinidad (Sancti Spiritus)
4. Fortifications of San Pedro de la Roca del Morro (Santiago de Cuba)
5. Ruins of the French coffee plantation La Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba)
6. Desembarco del Granma National Park

Of great interest to tourists are the national parks "Alexander Humboldt", Almendares and Sierra Maestra, Los Indios and marine park Punta Frances.

The largest cities are Santiago de Cuba, Camaguey, Santa Clara, Holguin, Bayamo, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Holguin, and, of course, Havana.

Cuba is world famous for its beach resorts, to rest on which residents of Europe come and North America. The most popular of them are Varadero, Cayo Guillermo, Cayo Coco, Cayo Largo and Holguin. Every year in Varadero, for example, more than 1 million tourists rest (about 45% of them are foreigners).

Most of the local resorts offer tourists well developed infrastructure recreation, with restaurants, discos, nightclubs and entertainment shows in hotels. All resorts have excellent opportunities for a beach holiday, including diving, boat trips and yacht trips.

The most popular souvenirs from Cuba are any items depicting Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, folk art, ceramics, Cuban coffee, coffee cups, Cuban cigars and rum.

Banks:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-15:00

The shops:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-17:00
Sat: 10:00-14:00

Museums:
Tue-Sat: 09:00-17:00
Sun: 08:00-13:00

Ukrainians need a visa to visit Cuba.

There are two currencies in circulation in Cuba - the Cuban peso (CUP) and the convertible peso (CUC). Tourists must exchange dollars for convertible pesos. $100 = 87 CUC. In turn, 1 dollar = approximately 24 Cuban pesos. Credit cards not widely distributed.