What is the name of the highest peak in the world. The highest and largest peaks of the planet earth

The process of formation of mountains on Earth takes millions of years. They arise from the collision of huge tectonic plates that make up the earth's crust.

Today we will get acquainted with the highest mountains on 6 continents and see how they look against the backdrop of the highest mountain peaks in the world - the "eight-thousanders", whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters.

How many continents are on Earth? It is sometimes believed that Europe and Asia are 2 different continents, although they are one mainland:

Before we start talking about the highest mountains on 6 continents, let's take a look at the general diagram of the highest peaks on Earth.

"Eight-thousanders" is the common name for the 14 highest mountain peaks in the world, whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters. They are all in Asia. The conquest of all 14 "eight-thousanders" of the planet - the conquest of the "Crown of the Earth" - is a great achievement in high-altitude mountaineering. As of July 2012, only 30 climbers have managed to do this.

North America - Mount McKinley, 6,194 m

This highest double-headed mountain North America, named after the 25th President of the United States. Located in Alaska.

Indigenous peoples called this peak "Denali", which means "great", and during the period of Russian colonization of Alaska, it was simply called Big Mountain.

Mount McKinley, view from national park Denali:

The first ascent of the main summit of McKinley took place on June 7, 1913. There are 5 large glaciers on the slopes of the mountain.

South America - Mount Aconcagua, 6,962 m

This is the highest point American continent, South America as well as the western and southern hemispheres. They belong to the longest mountain range in the world - the Andes.

The mountain is located in Argentina and in the Quechua language means "Stone Guardian". Aconcagua is the largest dormant volcano on our planet.

In mountaineering, Aconcagua is considered technically an easy mountain if you climb the northern slope.

The first recorded ascent of the mountain was in 1897.

Europe - Mount Elbrus, 5,642 m

This stratovolcano in the Caucasus is the highest peak in Russia. Given that the border between Europe and Asia is ambiguous, Elbrus is often also called the highest European mountain peak.

Elbrus is a two-headed volcano with a saddle. The western peak has a height of 5642 m, the Eastern one - 5621 m. Last eruption dated 50 AD…

At that time, the eruptions of Elbrus probably resembled the eruptions of modern Vesuvius, but differed greater strength. From the craters of the volcano at the beginning of the eruption, powerful clouds of vapors and gases, saturated with black ash, rose many kilometers up, covering the entire sky, turning day into night. The earth shook from powerful tremors.

Today, both peaks of Elbrus are covered with eternal snow and ice. On the slopes of Elbrus, 23 glaciers diverge in different directions. average speed The movement of glaciers is about 0.5 meters per day.

The first successful ascent to one of the peaks of Elbrus was made in 1829. The average annual number of deaths while climbing Elbrus is 15-30 people.

Asia - Mount Everest, 8,848 m

Everest (Chomolungma) is the top of our world! The first eight-thousander in height and the highest mountain on Earth.

The mountain is located in the Himalayas in the Mahalangur-Himal range, and the southern peak (8760 m) lies on the border of Nepal, and the northern (main) peak (8848 m) is located in China.

Everest has the shape of a trihedral pyramid. At the top of the Chomolungma, there are strong winds blowing at speeds of up to 200 km / h, and the air temperature at night drops to -60 Celsius.

The first ascent to the summit of Everest took place in 1953. Since the first ascent to the summit until 2011, more than 200 people have died on the slopes of Everest. Now the climb to the top takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and setting up camps.

View from space:

Climbing Everest is not only extremely dangerous, but also expensive: the cost of climbing in specialized groups is up to 65 thousand US dollars, and the climbing permit issued by the government of Nepal alone costs 10 thousand dollars

Australia and Oceania - Mount Punchak Jaya, 4884 m

The highest peak in Australia and Oceania, which is located on the island of New Guinea. It is located on the Australian Plate and is the most high mountain in a world located on an island.

The mountain was discovered in 1623 by the Dutch explorer Jan Carstens, who saw from afar into the glacier at the top. Therefore, sometimes the mountain is called the Pyramid of Carstens.

The first ascent of Puncak Jaya took place only in 1962. The name of the mountain from the Indonesian language is translated approximately as "Victory Peak".

Antarctica - Windson Massif, 4,892 m

These are the highest mountains in Antarctica. About existence mountain range became known only in 1957. Since the mountains have been discovered American planes, subsequently they were named the Vinson Massif, in honor of the famous American politician Carl Vinson.

View of the Vinson Massif from space:

Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro, 5,895 m

This is the highest point in Africa, a huge dormant volcano with two well-defined peaks in the northeast of Tanzania. The mountain has had no documented eruptions, but local legends speak of volcanic activity 150-200 years ago.

The higher one is the peak of Kibo, an almost regular cone with powerful glaciation.

The name comes from the Swahili language and supposedly means "mountain that sparkles".

The snow cap that covered the top of the mountain for 11,000 years since the last ice age melts quickly. Over the past 100 years, the volume of snow and ice has decreased by more than 80%. It is believed that this is not caused by a change in temperature, but by a reduction in the amount of snowfall.

The highest peak in Africa was first conquered by the German traveler Hans Meyer in 1889.

All cat sleeping positions

What is the name of:Everest (Chomolungma) | Height above sea level: 8848 meters.

Location:between Nepal and China (Tibet) | Highest point: In China.

Everest - has earned worldwide fame as the highest mountain in the world, formed about 60 million years ago. Many have conquered its highest peak, each time marveling at the beauty and grandeur of Chomolungma. At the top, the mountain is covered with snow, and glaciers flow down from the slopes at a distance of 5 thousand meters.

The beauty of this mysterious mountain, despite numerous ascents, is also due to its shape. The pyramid proudly rises above sea level and beckons researchers with some kind of mystery ... The conquerors of its peaks continue to climb, despite the dangers that may lie in wait on the way - frostbite, an avalanche, lack of oxygen, and so on. About 500 people go to Everest every year hoping to conquer the impregnable cold top of the world.

"Names" of the mountain

At majestic mountain There are many names in the Himalayas, so the first and most famous is Everest. So the mountain was named after the English explorer, geographer George Everest, who in 1830-1843 led the geodetic service in India. This name is more recent and new, as it appeared in the 19th century. But before mysterious mountain had its own names, which still inspire a mixture of fear and adrenaline to fans of extreme sports. For example, the mountain received the name "Chomolungma" from the Tibetan population, in their language it means - "Divine". The divine mountain was also named by the Nepalese people as "Sagarmatha" - Mother of the Gods. There is another "name" - "Chomo-Kankar", which in translation from Tibetan means - "Mother and Queen of snowy whiteness."

We would like to note that the now generally accepted name was given at the initiative of the successor George Everest, and George himself avoided his fame and popularity in every possible way. He just wanted to finish what he started. And when he conquered the highest peak of the mountain in the world, his happiness knew no bounds. But Britain at that time needed popularity, and the mountain, along with Everest, gave her the necessary fame.

Unfortunately, the geographer did not have time to bathe in the rays of this glory, but in general he did not want to, his health was undermined too early. The top, which he registered at that time, was measured several times after him, and it did not coincide with his indicators (8840). Now, with the help of modern equipment, it is possible to accurately determine the peak. It is known that every year the mountain grows by 3-5 mm, or as a result of earthquakes, sinks by several centimeters. At the moment, the data of 2010 are officially used - 8 km 848 m from sea ​​level and 8 km 844 m - from the solid surface of the earth.

Conquest of the summit

The first ascent, when Chomolungma was officially recognized as the highest peak on the planet, was made by Sir Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay in May 1953. But still, George Everest with his expedition laid the foundation for research to find out which is the highest mountain in the world, on such an unusual trihedral pyramidal mountain. Then the peak was called "Peak 15", and its estimated height was measured by Radhanata Sikdara, an expedition member.

First soviet expedition conquered Everest in 1982, according to sources, 11 people climbed to the top. They accomplished this feat, moving along western slope, which is very dangerous, but it happened, and the Soviet expedition became the 25th in the world to climb. The first woman to conquer the top of the Chomolungma is the Japanese Junko Tabei, she did it in 1975.

And 1996 marked a case of mass death of climbers due to an unforeseen snowstorm. As a result of such weather conditions visibility decreased, it was difficult for the participants of the two expeditions to find each other, and in general to find at least some clue about where they were. 8 people died - they froze to death, among them the leaders - Fisher and Hall. The Kazakhstani member of the expedition, not finding support, brought out several people and saved their lives. Anatoly Bukreev was the very brave man with a capital letter, who later received worldwide fame. Based on these events, the film "Everest" was filmed in 2015.

Climbing brings many dead, and no matter what years and centuries the ascents are carried out, a large expanse of the mountain is covered with corpses. Therefore, people often compare Everest with the largest cemetery in the world. high mountain. There are daredevils who dare to climb to the top without oxygen masks, the first conquerors are Reinhold Messner and the German Peter Habeler. What drives such people is unknown, vanity or stupidity, if it is known that the air is rarefied on the peaks and it is almost impossible to breathe. Risking your life for a moment of glory...?

Climatic conditions

The highest mountain in the world is in the Himalayas (Eurasia). The climate on the slopes and peaks of the mountain is slightly different. So, on the southern slopes the temperature is more moderate, on northern sections much colder. The temperature in winter is kept within -60 degrees Celsius, cold winds blow from the northwest. It is very cold, so the best period for climbers is the beginning of May. It is in the spring that you should start climbing, which on average will last about 2 months. Just in time for July-August, you can arrive at the top of the mountain, and the climate at this time of the year is the most optimal so as not to freeze.

True, even during this period, climbers are in danger - snow storms and hurricanes, but the wind subsides compared to winter snow storms. In July, you can even spend several hours at the top, enjoying beautiful view, because the temperature will be kept within -20 degrees. Such a record (for the duration of stay at the top) was set by a resident of Nepal and spiritual teacher Bhakta Kumar Rai, who spent 32 hours on Chomolungma, 27 of them he meditated and prayed to God.

And two more mountains worthy of attention

1. Mauna Kea mountain It is considered the highest mountain, since part of it rests under the waters of the ocean. It is located on the island of Hawaii. Thus - this is the highest mountain in the world, the height of which in total is about 10200 meters, this is truly a big figure! Due to the fact that the height from ground level is much less - about 4000 meters, climbing it is not so difficult for researchers and for all climbers. Now the largest telescope in the world is being built there and astronomical research is being carried out.
2. The highest mountain in the world from the center of the Earth is the extinct volcano Chimborasso and is located in Ecuador. IN last time this volcano erupted in 400-700 AD. Its height is 6267 meters, which is 2.5 thousand meters lower than Everest, but this is the most distant point on the surface from the center of the earth. The first to conquer the peak of Chimborazo was the Englishman Edward Wimper in 1880. residents highlands the glacier located on the mountain is highly valued, glacial water is used quite often, it can be said as the only source of liquid in hot countries.

Climbing Everest is a challenge to yourself and a challenge to the world, often bordering on difficult conditions and dangers. Perhaps, in part, that is why the cherished highest peak of the mountain in the world attracts people from all over the planet. They say - if you have not conquered Everest, then you are not a climber. Here are some interesting facts about Chomolungma:

• The fauna of the mountain is quite scarce. Apart from some bird species, only insects can be seen there. Spiders, which are called Himalayan, feel quite normal at an altitude of 6000 meters above ground level and feed on insects that have been blown up by the wind. Their appearance is quite formidable, they are practically the only inhabitants who live so high on the entire planet.
• The top of Mount Everest was once part of the ocean (about 450 million years ago), the remains of fossilized sea creatures were found at the peak.
• Climbing to the top was not always calm in terms of the community of peoples. So in 2013 there was a “clash” between Sherpas and Nepalese on the mountain slope. The Sherpas expelled the "aliens" with stones and accused them of causing an avalanche. The climbers had to retreat and go down.
• To date, according to the measurements of a special device on the peak, a new peak of 8850 meters has been established. Thus, the situation is traced that the mountain rises up and "grows" as a result of the movement of continental plates.
• Mount Chomolungma is increasingly becoming a challenge for climbers, rather than an object of research. So on this moment its slopes and peaks are compared with the highest landfill in the world, because people do not worry about the environment, leaving piles of garbage, broken equipment and oxygen tanks. In Nepal, there is a law that says that every climber who descends from the top must take 8 kilos of garbage with him, otherwise he will incur a fine.
• Mount Everest is the highest relative to sea level, but if we take other parameters for comparison, it lags far behind the extinct volcano Mauna Kea. Its height above the water level is about 4000 meters, and under water is most of mountain education. The height from the bottom of the sea is more than 6000 meters, therefore, overall height“At over 10,000 meters, Chimborasso is the tallest mountain measured from the center of the earth.
• At an altitude of 5 thousand meters from the top of Chomolungma, wireless Internet was installed, now climbers can share information and call up relatives, as well as send interesting photos.
• The most interesting fact is that not only sighted people conquered the peak. The first and only blind man was Erik Weihenmeier, who climbed the peak in 2001.
• But such a date will remain in the memory of the newlyweds forever, and not only with them - this is 2004. It was then that young people from Nepal played a wedding, reaching the top of Everest.

It is not by chance that the Himalayas received the name “Roof of the World” from the local population, because it is this mountain system that hides its most grandiose peaks in the clouds, reaching more than 8000 meters in height. The Himalayan mountain system was born due to the collision of the Hindustan subcontinent and Eurasia, the meeting of tectonic plates, which led to the formation of the Himalayan mountains, occurred more than one hundred and twenty years ago.
To date, the steepest Himalayan peaks are the dream of climbers and lovers. extreme recreation. The top of the world stretches high above sea level and proudly looks at the lowlands because of the clouds, but the eight-thousanders are considered the most grandiose parts of it, as the most powerful peaks. We will give examples of the ten highest points in the world, which amaze with their overall dimensions and inaccessibility.

10. Annapurna. 8091 meters

Annapurna or, as the Nepalese often call her the "Goddess of Fertility", the height of the mountain is 8091 meters, she was the first of the Himalayan peaks conquered by man. Mount Annapurna is rich in nine peaks, one of which is still unconquered, not a single climber has set foot on Machapuchara, because locals they are sure that God Shiva himself lives on the top and strictly forbid anyone to disturb his peace. Despite the beliefs of people regarding the peak of Machapuchare, Mount Annapurna itself is considered the most deadly for its conquerors, because it claimed the lives of so many climbers.

9. Annapurna. 8125 meters

Nanga Parbat, a mountain that the Pakistanis call Diamir or the Mountain of the Gods, reaches a height of 8125 and is considered one of the most dangerous Himalayan peaks. Mankind managed to conquer Nanga Parbat only on the sixth attempt, the first five expeditions were ruined by the formidable peak. The first conqueror of Diamir was in 1953 the Austrian G. Buhl, a member of the German-Austrian expedition, who climbed the summit alone and without oxygen equipment, which, perhaps, won the favor of the Mountain of the Gods.

8. Annapurna. 8156 meters

Nepal's Mount Manaslu, located on one of the mountain ranges, deservedly ranks eighth in the ranking of the highest mountains in the world, while its height reaches 8156 meters. Manaslu is often called a two-faced beauty, because its picturesque landscapes attract tourists and climbers with their beauty, and danger threatens to be a high price for conquering this beauty. The first human foot set foot on the summit in 1956.

7. Dhaulagiri. 8167 meters

Dhaulagiri is a Himalayan peak located in Nepal, its height reaches 8167 m. The local population knows the peak as the White Mountain, since Dhaulagiri is always covered with ice and snow, which gives it a white color and an unusual magical charm. The mountain first welcomed guests in 1960 and, despite being considered one of the most impregnable and difficult to climb, remains a vivid dream of many climbers and travelers.

6. Cho Oyu. 8201 meters

Cho Oyu is the border between China and Nepal, the height of the mountain is 8201 meters. Despite the solid height of Cho Oyu, it is considered one of the most inviting peaks, to date, fifteen climbing routes have been laid to the peak of the mountain. Although even with the relative simplicity of the ascent, the peak managed to kill thirty-nine climbers.

5. Makalu. 8485 meters

Makalu is a mountain adjacent to the Great Everest itself, which is only nineteen kilometers away. The local population knows Makalu better as the Black Giant, which got its name due to its formidable appearance and height of 8485 meters. This peak does not like guests very much, its slopes are very steep and difficult to climb, for this reason only a third of those who tried to conquer Makalu managed to reach its peak.

4. Lhotse. 8516 meters

Mount Lhotse, rising proudly between Nepal and China, reaches a height of 8516 meters and is considered one of the most difficult and dangerous in the world. Only three kilometers separate it from the sky-high Everest, a person managed to conquer Lhotse only in 1956, and even now, despite the beauty, it will not be possible to name a frequently visited peak.

3. Kanchenjunga. 8585 meters

Kangchenjunga, a Himalayan mountain rising between India and Nepal, has a height of 8585, has as many as five peaks and boasts the most colorful landscapes. The beautiful Kanchenjunga received her first guests in 1954, but she never had a special disposition towards visitors, which is probably why she adorned herself with steep slopes and impenetrable cliffs. Its conquest cost humanity forty lives, but despite this, many climbers dream of climbing this peak.

2. Chogori. 8614 meters

Mount Chogori rightfully occupies its second place in the world in height, showing off between Pakistan and China. The height of the mountain is 8614 meters, the degree of difficulty of the climb is not inferior to the height, for the first time it was possible to conquer the impregnable Chogori in 1954, but the number of people who want to visit the second highest mountain in the world is only 249 people, for 60 of them this ascent was the last. Today, not many, even the most experienced, climbers show a special desire to conquer the peak, which itself is not happy with visitors.

1. Everest. 8848 meters

The leader in altitude in the world is Everest or Chomolungma, as some people call it. The height of this mountain giant is as much as 8848 meters, but its main feature is considered not only its height, but also its shape, which resembles a pyramid. Mankind was able to conquer Everest only in 1953, and although today the main relatively safe route already exists, at one time the peak killed 210 climbers. For many years, Everest has been very popular among climbers and tourists, due to its grandeur and extraordinary magnetic beauty, but the strongest heavy winds, temperatures that often drop below 60 degrees and lack of oxygen spoil all the charm of conquering the peak. The cost of the equipment necessary for lifting is also very high, although for connoisseurs of mountain luxury, no deprivation and waste can be compared with happiness - to conquer the proud Everest.

There are 14 mountain peaks in the world with a height of more than 8,000 meters. Climbing mountains like this is not for cowards. Currently, only 30 experienced climbers have managed to climb all 14 peaks. Why do people dream of conquering these mountains, if such an ascent can turn into a fatal outcome? Probably, in order to prove something to oneself ... No one will argue with the fact that these giants cannot but bewitch. And today we have prepared for you a selection of the most incredible mountains in the world.

Located in Nepal

Height: 8848 meters

It has 2 peaks: southern (8760 meters) and northern (8848 meters).

The mountain is very beautiful, has the shape of a trihedral pyramid.

Everest is the highest mountain peak in the world, part of the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range.

More than 250 people have died during attempts to climb Mount Everest. Most of the deaths were related to falls from heights, avalanches, ice falls, and various health problems due to being in a high altitude environment. Today, climbing the main route is no longer such a problem as it was in the last century. However, on high altitude climbers expect a lack of oxygen, heavy wind and low temperature(below 60 degrees). In order to conquer Everest, you need to be not only brave, hardy, but also a wealthy person. You need to spend at least $ 8,000 on this business.

Located in the Himalayas, on the border of China and Pakistan

Height: 8614 meters

The second highest mountain in the world. Chogori is considered one of the most difficult mountain peaks to climb; it was first conquered in 1954. The mortality rate is 25%.

Located in the Himalayas, on the border between China and Nepal, 3 km from Everest

Height: 8516 meters

This mountain was conquered in 1956.

Lhotse has 3 peaks, each of them reaches a height of over 8 kilometers.

Located in the Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and China, 12 kilometers from Everest

Height: 8485 meters

The second name is the Black Giant.

This mountain is very difficult to climb, its slopes are too steep. Only a third of the expeditions were usually successful. Several dozen people died.

Located on the border of Nepal and China

Height: 8201 meters

It is considered not the most difficult to climb, but, nevertheless, 39 climbers died.

Located in the Nepalese Himalayas

Height: 8167 meters

From the local language "dhaulagiri" is translated as " white mountain».

Almost its entire area is covered with glaciers and snow. It is considered one of the most difficult mountain peaks to climb.

They were able to conquer it for the first time in 1960. More than 60 climbers died on it.

Located in Nepal, part of the Mansiri-Himal mountain range

Height: 8156 meters

It was first conquered by a Japanese expedition in 1956.

Located in Pakistan

Height: 8125 meters

Second name: Nanga Parbata - Diamir (in translation - "Mountain of the Gods").

It was first conquered in 1953.

In terms of mortality among climbers, it ranks third after Everest and K-2. This mountain is also called the "killer".

Located in Nepal

Height: 8091 meters

The first Himalayan eight-thousander, which was conquered in 1950.

The mountain has 9 peaks, one of which is Machapuchare. No one has been able to climb it yet.

Locals consider this peak to be the abode of Lord Shiva. Therefore, climbing it is prohibited.

The highest of the 9 peaks is called "Annapurna". About 40% of climbers who tried to climb it remain lying on its slopes.

Height: 8080 meters

First ascent: 1958

The highest peak of the Gasherbrum massif, the second highest in the Karakorum and the eleventh highest among the world's eight-thousanders.

On July 5, 1958, members of the American expedition Peter Schoening and Andrew Kaufman made the first ascent to the summit along the southeast ridge.

Located in Kashmir, Pakistan controlled northern territories on the border with China, Baltoro Muztag, Karakoram, 8 km from Mount Chogori

Height: 8051 meters

The peak belongs to the Baltoro Muztag mountain range and the multi-peak Gasherbrum mountain range. It includes 2 peaks, the height of which exceeds 8 km.

In 1957 an Austrian expedition made its first ascent.

Located in the Pakistani-controlled Northern Territories on the border with China, Baltoro Muztag, Karakorum

Height: 8035 meters

The gracefully outlined peak, with sheer cliffs and eternal snow, belongs to the Baltoro Muztag mountain range. Included in the mountainous multi-peaked massif Gasherbrum. The first ascent was made by Australians in 1956.

Located in China, Langtang, Himalayas

Height: 8027 meters

Included in mountain range Langtang. It consists of three peaks, two of which are more than 8 km. The first ascent took place in 1964. For 50 years, 21 people have died while trying to climb, although among the eight-thousanders it is considered the easiest.

On Earth, there are fourteen mountain peaks with a height of more than eight thousand meters. All these peaks are in Central Asia. But most of the highest mountain peaks are in the Himalayas.
They are also called the "roof of the world." Climbing such mountains is a very dangerous occupation. Until the middle of the last century, it was believed that mountains above eight thousand meters were inaccessible to humans.
We have compiled a rating of ten, which includes the highest mountains in the world.

It is also customary to single out the 7 highest mountain peaks in the world, one for each part of the world. Climbers who have conquered all these mountains are included in the honorary Seven Summits Club.
There are 2 main lists of the seven peaks of the world. More difficult to climb is the list compiled by the Italian climber Reinhold Messner. In this list, in addition to Asia, Europe, South and North America, Africa, Antarctica, not Australia appears as part of the world, but Australasia, i.e. region including Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and adjacent islands Pacific Ocean. Accordingly, instead of the highest peak in Australia - Mount Kosciuszko, whose height is only 2228 meters and which is very easy to conquer, the list includes Mount Jaya in New Guinea, whose height is 4884 meters and which was first conquered only in 1962. The list, compiled by the American climber Richard Bass, is more traditional in terms of Russian geography, it lists Australia as part of the world, not Australasia.
Thus, the highest peaks of the world become not seven, but eight. In some interpretations, there are even nine of them, because. between geographers there are still disagreements about the border between Europe and Asia, so the highest peak in Europe is either Elbrus in the Russian Caucasus, or Mont Blanc in the Alps.

TOP 10 HIGHEST MOUNTAINS IN THE WORLD:
Annapurna - 8091 m

This peak opens the top ten highest mountains of our planet. Annapurna is very famous and famous, it is the first Himalayan eight-thousander that was conquered by people. For the first time, people climbed its summit back in 1950. Annapurna is located in Nepal, the height of its peak is 8091 meters.
The mountain has as many as nine peaks, on one of which (Machapuchare), a human foot has not yet set foot. The locals consider this peak to be the sacred abode of Lord Shiva. Therefore, climbing it is prohibited. The highest of the nine peaks is called Annapurna 1. Annapurna is very dangerous, climbing to its peak took the lives of many experienced climbers.

Nanga Parbat - 8125 m
This mountain is the ninth highest on our planet. It is located in Pakistan and has a height of 8125 meters. The second name of Nanga Parbat is Diamir, which translates as "Mountain of the Gods". For the first time they were able to conquer it only in 1953. There were six unsuccessful attempts to climb the summit. A lot of climbers died while trying to climb this mountain peak.
In terms of mortality among climbers, it ranks a mournful third after K-2 and Everest. This mountain is also called the "killer".

Manaslu - 8156 m

This eight-thousander ranks eighth on our list of the highest mountains in the world. It is also located in Nepal and is part of the Mansiri-Himal mountain range.
The height of the peak is 8156 meters.
The top of the mountain and the surrounding countryside are very picturesque. It was first conquered in 1956 by a Japanese expedition. Tourists love to visit here. But to conquer the summit, you need a lot of experience and excellent preparation. When trying to climb Manaslu, 53 climbers died.

Dhaulagiri - 8167 m
Mountain peak, which is located in the Nepalese part of the Himalayas. Its height is 8167 meters. The name of the mountain is translated from the local language as "white mountain". Almost all of it is covered with snow and glaciers. Dhaulagiri is very difficult to climb. She was able to conquer in 1960. Climbing this peak took the lives of 58 experienced (others do not go to the Himalayas) climbers.

Cho Oyu - 8201 m
Another Himalayan eight-thousander, which is located on the border of Nepal and China. The height of this peak is 8201 meters. It is considered not too difficult to climb, but despite this, it has already taken the lives of 39 climbers and ranks sixth on our list of the highest mountains on our planet.

Makalu - -8485 m

The fifth highest mountain in the world is Makalu, the second name of this peak is the Black Giant. It is also located in the Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and China and has a height of 8485 meters. It is located nineteen kilometers from Everest. This mountain is incredibly difficult to climb, its slopes are very steep.
Only a third of the expeditions that have the goal of reaching its summit are successful. During the ascents to this peak, 26 climbers died.

Lhotse - 8516 m
Another mountain located in the Himalayas and having a height of more than eight kilometers. Lhotse is located on the border between China and Nepal. Its height is 8516 meters. It is located at a distance of three kilometers from Everest. For the first time, they were able to conquer this mountain only in 1956.
Lhotse has three peaks, each of which is over eight kilometers high. This mountain is considered one of the highest, most dangerous and difficult peaks to climb.

Kanchenjunga - 8585 m
This mountain peak is also located in the Himalayas, between India and Nepal. This is the third highest mountain peak in the world: the height of the peak is 8585 meters. The mountain is very beautiful, it consists of five peaks. The first ascent to it took place in 1954.
The conquest of this peak cost the lives of forty climbers.

Chogori (K-2) - 8614 m

Chogori is the second highest mountain in the world. Its height is 8614 meters. K-2 is located in the Himalayas, on the border of China and Pakistan. Chogori is considered one of the most difficult mountain peaks to climb; it was only possible to conquer it in 1954.
Of the 249 climbers who climbed its summit, 60 people died. This mountain peak is very picturesque.

Everest (Chomolungma) - 8848 m

This mountain peak is located in Nepal. Its height is 8848 meters. Everest is the highest mountain peak in the Himalayas and our entire planet. Everest is part of the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range.
This mountain has two peaks: northern (8848 meters) and southern (8760 meters). The mountain is stunningly beautiful: it has the shape of an almost perfect trihedral pyramid. It was possible to conquer Chomolungma only in 1953. During attempts to climb Everest, 210 climbers died.
Nowadays, climbing the main route is no longer a problem, however, at high altitude, the daredevils will face a lack of oxygen (there is almost no fire), heavy wind and low temperatures (below sixty degrees). To conquer Everest, you need to spend at least $8,000.

As a rule, the highest peaks of the Sikhote-Alin have a sharply defined contour and are covered with large stone placers in vast areas. The relief forms resemble badly destroyed circuses and mountain glaciation karts.

They are composed of sandy-shale deposits with numerous breakthroughs of intrusions, which led to the presence of deposits of gold, tin and polymetals. IN tectonic depressions within the Sikhote-Alin deposits of black and brown coal.

In the foothills, basalt plateaus are common, of which the largest plateau in terms of area is west of Sovetskaya Gavan. Plateau areas are also found on the main watershed. The largest is the Zevinsky plateau, on the watershed of the upper reaches of the Bikin and the rivers flowing into the Tatar Strait. In the south and east, the Sikhote-Alin is represented by steeply sloping mid-mountain ranges, in the west by numerous longitudinal valleys and basins, and at altitudes of more than 900 m - bald mountains. In general, the Sikhote-Alin has an asymmetric transverse profile. The western macroslope is more gentle than the eastern one. Accordingly, the rivers flowing to the west are longer. This feature is reflected in the very name of the ridge. Translated from the Manchu language - the ridge of large western rivers.

№ Mountain Altitude (m)
1 Tordoki Yani 2090 Khabarovsk region, Nanai district
2 Ko 2003 Khabarovsk Territory, district named after Lazo
3 Yako-Yani 1955 Khabarovsk Territory
4 Anik 1933 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
5 Durhe 1903 Khabarovsk Territory, district named after. Lazo
6 Cloudy 1855 Primorsky Krai, Chuguevsky district
7 Bolotnaya 1814 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
8 Sputnik 1805 Khabarovsk Territory, district im. Lazo
9 Acute 1788 Primorsky Territory, Terneisky District
10 Arseniev 1757 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
11 High 1745 Primorsky Krai,
12 Snezhnaya 1684 Primorsky Territory, Chuguevsky District
13 Alder 1668 Primorsky Territory, Partizansky District
14 Lysaya 1554 Primorsky Territory, Partizansky/Lazovsky districts
15 Taunga 1459 Khabarovsk Territory
16 Izyubrinaya 1433 Primorsky Territory

The inner ridge is much lower than the Main one (up to 600 - 760 m above sea level). It stretches parallel to the Main and is separated from it by an inter-ridge depression of 10 - 25 km. In some places there are isolated low mountains and short, flat-topped ridges formed by erosion of the Inner Range. These are the remnant mountains Mangup, Eski-Kermen, Tepe-Kermen and others - natural bastions on which fortress cities were built in the Middle Ages.

Above sea level is about 250 m, the maximum is 325 m. It lies to the north of the Inner and is separated from it by a depression 3 to 8 km wide. The outer ridge is most clearly expressed between Simferopol and Sevastopol. It gradually decreases to the north and imperceptibly passes into the Plain Crimea.
The Inner and Outer Ridges are not only lower than the Main Ridge, but are also distinguished by a flat, even surface, slightly inclined to the northwest. It is they who form the foothills of the Crimean mountains.

On Kerch Peninsula two regions are distinguished, delimited by the low Parpach ridge. In the southwest it is an undulating plain with a variety of isolated uplands, in the northeast it is a hilly-ridged area.
The soils of Crimea are very diverse. Each physical-geographical region has its own species. Solonetzic and solonetzic soils predominate in the Sivash region; to the south, in the flat part of the peninsula, there are chestnut and so-called southern chernozems (heavy loamy and clayey with underlying loess-like rocks); mountain-meadow and mountain chernozems have formed on the yayla; on the slopes Main Ridge covered with forests, brown mountain-forest soils are common. special brown soils similar to subtropical red soils.

The name Tien Shan in Chinese means "heavenly mountains". According to E. M. Murzaev, this name is a tracing paper from the Turkic Tengritag, formed from the words: Tengri (Sky, God, divine) and tag (mountain).

The Tien Shan system includes the following orographic regions:
Northern Tien Shan: Ketmen, Zailiysky Alatau, Kungei-Alatau and Kirgizsky ridges;
Eastern Tien Shan: Borohoro, Iren-Khabyrga, Bogdo-Ula, Karlyktag Halyktau, Sarmin-Ula, Kuruktag ridges
Western Tien Shan: Karatau, Talas Alatau, Chatkal, Pskem and Ugam ranges;
Southwestern Tien Shan: ridges framing the Fergana Valley and including the southwestern slope of the Fergana Range;
Inner Tien Shan: from the north it is bounded by the Kirghiz ridge and the Issyk-Kul basin, from the south by the Kokshaltau ridge, from the west by the Ferghana ridge, from the east by the Akshiyrak mountain range.
The Tien Shan Mountains are considered one of the highest in the world, among them there are more than thirty peaks over 6000 meters high. highest point mountain system is Pobeda Peak (Tomur, 7439 m), located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China; the next in height is the Khan-Tengri peak (6995 m) on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

From the Central Tien Shan to the west, three mountain ranges, separated by intermountain basins (Issyk-Kul with Lake Issyk-Kul, Naryn, At-Bashyn, etc.) and connected in the west by the Ferghana Range.

In the Eastern Tien Shan there are two parallel mountain ranges (height 4-5 thousand meters), separated by depressions (height 2-3 thousand meters). Highly elevated (3-4 thousand m) leveled surfaces - syrts are characteristic. The total area of ​​glaciers is 7.3 thousand km², the largest is South Inylchek. rapids rivers- Naryn, Chu, Ili, etc. Mountain steppes and semi-deserts dominate: on the northern slopes of the meadow-steppe and forests (mainly coniferous), higher subalpine and alpine meadows, on the syrts the so-called cold deserts.

From west to east is 2500 km. Mountain system in Wed. and Center. Asia. Length from 3. to E. 2500 km. Alpine folding, the remains of ancient leveled surfaces are preserved at an altitude of 3000-4000 m in the form of syrts. Modern tectonic activity is high, earthquakes are frequent. The mountain ranges are composed of igneous rocks, and the basins are composed of sedimentary rocks. Deposits of mercury, antimony, lead, cadmium, zinc, silver, in the basins - oil.
The relief is predominantly alpine, with glacial forms, scree, above 3200 m permafrost is common. There are flat intermountain basins (Fergana, Issyk-Kul, Naryn). The climate is continental, temperate. Snowfields and glaciers. The rivers belong to the basins of internal flow (Naryn, Ili, Chu, Tarim, etc.), lakes. Issyk-Kul, Song-Kel, Chatyr-Kel.
The first European explorer of the Tien Shan in 1856 was Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov, who received the title "Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky" for his work.

PIK PUTIN
Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambayev signed an order to name one of the peaks of the Tien Shan named after Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
"The height of this peak reaches 4,500 meters above sea level. It is located in the Ak-Suu river basin, on the territory of the Chui region," the office of the head of the Kyrgyz government said.
One of the peaks of the Tien Shan in the Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan bears the name of the first president of Russia, Boris Yeltsin.

The Zugspitze is Germany's highest mountain
Bavaria does not claim to be the "roof of the world". But even here, in Bavaria, snow-capped rock peaks, even in summer, are the norm. For example, Mount Zugspitze - the highest mountain in Germany, is located precisely in the Bavarian Alps. From here, in winter and summer, an endless exciting prospect opens up to the snow-covered world of the rocky Alps. The height of the Zugspitze is 2964 meters.

This peak is located on the very border of the Austrian Tyrol and German Bavaria. The summit was conquered not so long ago, almost 200 years ago. Today it takes about 15 minutes to get to the peak by funicular or about 60 minutes (with transfer) by special train. This climb is very impressive. Even we, local residents, guides and tour guides, perceive this beauty every time, as if for the first time.

Mount Zugspitze is the highest mountain in Germany, therefore, if you choose the town of Garmisch-Patenkirchen as a starting point for this peak, then when climbing the Zugspitze, a special train will make a couple of intermediate stops, at which those tourists who prefer to “conquer” although the last few hundred meters on foot (in winter, these are skiers who do not need to climb the very peak). At the very top, amazingly fresh clean air. Here our guests have the opportunity to see enough of the beauty of the surrounding mountains and territories, wander, enjoy thrill chosenness. Those who wish can take pictures with an automatic camera mounted on top. observation deck. To do this, stand at a marked point on the terrace and press the button located at hand. Everything, the photo is ready! Then, below, pick up ready-made photos or send them immediately in electronic form to friends or parents / children.

How to get from Munich to the Zugspitze in Garmisch-Partenkirchen
There are several options for how this can be done. Choose the one that suits your wallet and soul:

1. If you are not burdened with luggage and the habit of comfortable movement, then you can buy a train ticket and get directly to the city of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, from which, already by funicular, or by a special train, climb the Zugspitze.

2. You can, of course, take a car at any Munich rental office and leisurely, exploring the surroundings, get to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and even better to the village of Grainau and the Eibsee lake, which is located on its outskirts, on the shore of which there is both parking and beautiful views, leave the car at the foot of the Alps and climb the Zugspitze.

Poland
The highest mountains in Poland are the Tatras, a mountain range that forms the natural border between Slovakia and Poland. Peaks Gerlachovsky Shtit (Slovakia) and Rysy (Poland) represent the highest points in these countries. We suggest you go on a photo tour of the Tatra Mountains. The Tatras cover an area of ​​750 sq. km, most of which (600 sq. km) lies on the territory of Slovakia, and the highest point - Gerlachovsky Shtit (2655 m) is located north of Poprad.

In turn, the Rysy (2499 m) are located in the northwestern part of the Tatras. This is the highest point in Poland. The Tatras lie in the temperate zone of Central Europe. This is an important barrier to air masses. Their mountain typography is the source of one of the most diverse climates in the region. Temperatures range from 40°C in winter to 33°C during the warmer months.

The temperature also depends on the altitude and the sunny side. Temperatures below 0°C stay at the peaks for 192 days. The mountains have a very diverse world of flora. More than 1000 species of vascular plants grow here, about 450 species of moss, 200 species of liverwort, 700 lichens, 900 fungi and 70 slime molds.

There are five in the Tatras climatic zones. The animal kingdom here is no less diverse: 54 tardigrades, 22 turbellarian species, 100 rotifer species, 22 copepod species, 162 spider species. 81 species of mollusks, 43 species of mammals, 200 species of birds, 7 species of amphibians and 2 species of reptiles. The Polish part of the Tatras was declared a national park in 1955. The lower parts of the mountains are overgrown with forest.

Mountains of Kazakhstan
Dzungarian Alatau is another famous mountain system of Kazakhstan. In some places, the peaks reach a height of 4500 meters or more. At this height, eternal ice forms. IN western parts The mountains are inhabited by rare species of animals: goitered gazelles, argali and mountain goats. The fame of this area was brought not only by endangered species of animals and the eternally snowy peaks of the mountains, but also by history.

were found in the mountains cave drawings ancient Central Asian nomads and grave burials, which are already more than 2000 years old! The Tien Shan Mountains in Kazakhstan are located in the southeast. Some of the animals that live here are listed in the Red Book - this is the Tien Shan bear and the snow leopard. The Tien Shan Mountains are famous for the Khan Tengri peak, which is considered one of the highest in the world. Its height is 7010 m, taking into account the ice sheet. Without it, the mountain is 15 meters lower. Average Height local mountains exceeds the mark of 4000 meters.

Another the most beautiful place is the Turgen Gorge, known as the Land of Waterfalls. There are many springs, hot springs, waterfalls and lakes with the purest water. A small river Assy flows nearby. Subalpine and alpine meadows roll down the slopes of the mountains. Not far from these places, there are Saka graves that hide the ancient secrets of nomads. Bayanaul Mountains Separately, I would like to say about these mountains, which cover the south-west of the country. Their dimensions are small - only about 50 km from west to east and about 25 km from north to south. The highest point is located at 1027 meters above sea level and is called Akbet. The mountains themselves are located on the left bank of the Irtysh River. These are very unusual mountains: layered, rounded, with almost no steep slopes. Interesting fact: for millions of years of existence of the mountain range, not a single stony rock has been covered with moss or vegetation.

Bazarduzu, Azerbaijan
Coordinates: 41°13′16″ s. sh. 47°51′29″ E d.
Height: 4466 m
Translated from the Turkic language, "Bazarduzu" is translated as "Turn to the bazaar." So interesting name the mountain is obliged to the fair held in the Shahnabad valley. Numerous merchants and buyers, representatives of various nations, gathered here.

And Lezgins, and Nogais, and Armenians, Arabs, Persians, Jews and many others. The mountain, towering above all other peaks, is an excellent landmark for merchants from distant lands. The caravan approached the Bazarduzu glacier, and the drovers knew that from here it was necessary to turn left and here it was, the market square.
By the way, the local Lezgins call the mountain "Kichensuv", which translates as the Mountain of Fear.

Bazarduzu is not completely located in Azerbaijan, most of it lies on the territory of Russia. Therefore, the mountain is also the highest point of Dagestan (Republic of Dagestan).

Despite this, officially, Bazarduzu is the highest mountain in the country. Located on the Main Caucasian ridge mountain system Greater Caucasus, the mountain has a height of 4466 meters. This is the top of the watershed range and the last massif extending to the east. After the gradual lowering of the relief begins, the slope is covered with the channels of numerous rivers. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were eight glaciers, the largest of which was called Tikhitsar. The total area of ​​people was about 13.8 square kilometers. Now there are several small glaciers and a firn cap with an area of ​​3.6 square kilometers (firn is an intermediate state between snow and ice, dense, packed long-term snow). The Bazardyuzyu glaciers are the easternmost group of glaciers throughout the Main Caucasus.

an important role in shaping appearance mountains play weathering processes. Therefore, the slopes of the summit are very beautiful. A little lower are alpine meadows, where thousands of sheep and goats feed during the summer months. Chamois, roe deer, herds of the Dagestan tur are preserved here. There is even such a rarity as mountain turkeys.
The first ascent, officially recorded in the documents, was the conquest of the mountain by a topographer from Russia, Sergei Timofeesich Aleksandrov. In May 1849, he single-handedly climbed and installed a triangulation tower on top.
Azerbaijani sportsmen Turan Akhmedov and Rusif Bagirov can be mentioned as another record. They made the ascent and descent in just 9 hours. This is the local speed climb record.

Moldoveanu, Romania
Mountain in Romania. The height above sea level is 2544 m, which makes the mountain the highest point in the country. Moldoveanu is located in the very center of Romania, in the Fagaras mountain range (Southern Carpathians) in the Argesh county. Geologically composed of crystalline rocks. The mountain slopes are mostly covered coniferous forests, above are alpine meadows.

padesh
The highest point of the Carpathian massif is Poiana Rusca. Height - 1382 m. Geographically, the mountain belongs to the county of Timis (Romania).

Pop Ivan
Mountain in Ukrainian Carpathians, near the Hutsul Alps, one of the peaks of the Marmarosh mountain range. Height 1936.2 m. Located on the border of Ukraine and Romania. The top of the mountain is adjacent to the higher nameless one, 1937.7 meters. The shape is pyramidal, the northern and eastern slopes are steep. Small lakes can form seasonally around the mountain. In large areas there are meadows. Many rare plants grow.

Otiku
A pass in the Southern Carpathians on the Otik saddle between the valleys of the rivers Ryul Doamney (namely, its tributary, the Veselat river) and Dymbovitsa (Boyarkesu river) at the junction of the Ridge. Koltsy Kremenei, Muntsii Groapele, Muntsii Mezya (Boarkesu Ridge), and Kulme Piscanu of the Muntsii Izer-Pepush massif.

Budichevska Bolshaya
Mountain in the Ukrainian Carpathians, in the Chivchyna massif. Located in the Verkhovinsky district Ivano-Frankivsk region, south of the village of Burkut. Height 1677.9 m. The foot and slopes of the mountain are covered with forests, above - meadows. The slopes are steep. The summit is located on the main ridge of the Chivchinsky Mountains, has several spurs, especially the long northern spur. To the east is the highest peak of the Chivchinsky mountains - Chivchin (1769 m).

Bucegi
Mountain range in central Romania, part of the Southern Carpathians. Bucegi - one of the highest mountains in the country, Omu, their highest point, is only 39 m lower than Moldoveanu, highest point countries. Mountains are located south of the city Brasov. Geologically, the massif consists of three ranges - Bucegi, Laota and Piatra Craiului.

Vigorlat-Gutinsky ridge
The mountain range of the Carpathians, located on the territory of Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania. The length of the ridge within Ukraine is about 125 km, width - from 8 to 20 km. The valleys of the tributaries of the Tisza (Uzh, Latoritsa, Borzhava and Rika) divide the ridge into separate massifs - Vigorlat, Makovitsa, etc. From the north and northeast, the ridge is adjacent to the Berezno-Lipsha intermountain valley, from the south and southwest - to the Transcarpathian lowland. In the southeast it borders on the Khust-Solotvinskaya basin.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
The highest mountains in the world.
Natural monuments of Russia | Protected Areas of Russia (Russian). oopt.aari.ru.
Mountain systems of the world.
http://top10a.ru/top-10-samyx-vysokix-gor-v-mire.html
https://www.smileplanet.ru/dostoprimechatelnosti/gory/