Open the left menu of idaho. The racial composition of the population. Entertainment, excursions and attractions

The state of Idaho is located in the northwestern part of America. It occupies an area of ​​216,632 km². Joined the United States on July 3, 1890. Postal abbreviation of the name - ID. The capital is the city of Boise.

origin of name

There are several options for the origin of the state name.

1. In the middle of the 19th century, the US government decided to approve new territory in the northwest of the country. Congressman George Willing suggested calling it "Idaho," which in the Shoshone Indian language meant "the sun coming from the mountains." Members of the government did not like the name and they approved their own version - Colorado. Willing later admitted that "Idaho" was a fictitious name.

2. The word "idaho" from the language of the Shoshoni tribe is translated as "rising sun".

3. The Athabaskan tribe used this word to call their enemies - Kamancha.

4. There is a fact in history that in 1860 the Idaho ship was launched on the Columbia River, and in 1861 the new territory was named after him.

Population and religion

According to US Census Bureau statistics, as of July 1, 2014, the population of Idaho is 1,634,464.

Men - 50.1%, women - 49.9%. People over the age of 65 - 12.4%. The average age is 34.6 years.

Racial composition population:

  • Whites - 1,396,487 (89.1%);
  • African Americans - 9,810 (0.6%)
  • Indians - 21,441 (1.4%)
  • Asians - 19,069 (1.2%);
  • Hispanic/Latinos: 175,901 (11.2%);
  • Others - 79,523 (4.2%);
  • Two or more races - 38,935 (2.5%).

Religious composition of the population:

  • Mormons - 23%
  • Evangelists - 22%
  • Catholics - 18%
  • Adherents of other Protestant denominations - 16%
  • Christians, Islamists, Buddhists, Jews, Hindus - does not exceed 3%.

Major cities in Idaho:


Boise

Geography and climate

The climate in Idaho is temperate. In July, in the southwest, the temperature rises to 37°C and above. average temperature in January - below 0°C. In winter, heavy precipitation falls in the mountains and the thermometer falls below -30°C. Hurricanes and tornadoes are very rare in this area.

Economy

Most of Idaho's income comes from:

  • Agriculture - dairy products, meat, potatoes, wheat, hay.
  • Production - cotton products, electronics (Micron Technology, Hewlett-Packard, etc.), food industry, timber, metallurgy, chemicals, paper.
  • Mining of silver, phosphorites, gold, clay, copper, crushed stone, etc.
  • Services - wholesale, insurance, real estate, medicine, advocacy and tourism ().

Education

There are three public universities in Idaho:

  • University of Idaho (Moscow)
  • Idaho State University (Pocatello)
  • Boise State University (Boise)

And five public colleges:

  • College of Southern Idaho
  • College of Western Idaho
  • Eastern Idaho Technical College
  • North Idaho College
  • Lewis–Clark State College

There are also more than 20 private universities and colleges.

Sports clubs

  • Boise Hawks (baseball)
  • Idaho Falls Chukars (baseball)
  • Idaho Stampede (basketball)
  • Idaho Steelheads (ice hockey)
  • Boise State Broncos (collegiate sports association)
  • Idaho Vandals (collegiate sports association)
  • Idaho State Bengals (collegiate sports association)

State Attractions

  • Hells Canyon
  • Craters of the Moon
  • Shoshone Falls
  • (Yellowstone national park)
  • Sun Valley Ski Resort
  • Sawtooth Scenic Byway National Wildlife Refuge
  • Couer D'Alene

Official website of Idaho - www.idaho.gov

State of Idaho

To the north, Idaho borders Canada. Montana and Wyoming are to the east of it, Utah and Nevada are to the south, and Oregon and Washington are to the west. American wits think that on a map Idaho resembles a frying pan with a handle, and they call the narrow northern ledge of the state the “frying pan handle” or “grip.” State area 214,133 square kilometers and has a population of about 1.2 million. The capital and largest city of Idaho is Boise, with a population of 125,800. Considering such a modest number of inhabitants, it should be noted that in Idaho there is no truly big cities. But among the modest towns of the state there is Moscow. The urban and rural population of the state is approximately the same. Whites make up over 94 percent of the population, Indians make up about 1.5 percent, and black Americans make up just 0.3 percent.

It is widely believed that the name of the state, translated from the language of local Indians, means "mountain nugget." It was proposed in the last century by politician George Willing as a name for the Colorado Plateau and its surrounding areas. The toponym was rejected, as there were strong suspicions that Willing had coined the word himself. Be that as it may, the name of Idaho was assigned to the whole state.

Almost the entire territory of Idaho is covered by the spurs of the Rocky Mountains, but most high mountains are located in the central part of the state, for example, Bora Peak with a height of 3859 meters. Some peaks are covered with snow caps. The lower slopes of the mountains are overgrown with dense forests, in which large animals are still found - elks, black bears, baribals and even grizzly bears. In southwest Idaho, there is a plateau cut by deep river canyons. The most famous of them is the Snake River Canyon, which is the deepest river canyon in North America and reaches a depth of 2400 meters. On Russian maps, it is called Hells Canyon, which means "hellish" in English. There is another name for this geographical attraction: the Canyon of the Seven Devils. Squeezed between the rocks, snaking and thus justifying its name (snake means “snake”), the river boils with impotent fury, boiling over many rapids. The Snake, like all rivers in the state, flows west towards the Pacific Ocean. There are many lakes in the state, and on the rivers built artificial reservoirs, since the climate here is rather dry and artificial irrigation is almost universally required for agriculture. Mountains protect Idaho from cold Arctic air masses, and very coldy are rare here. But in summer it can be quite hot, the daytime temperature can rise above +35 degrees.

The first Europeans to enter Idaho were traders who bought furs from local Indians. By 1840, however, the fur trade began to decline. In 1860, gold was found in the vicinity of Pierce, and thousands of prospectors poured into the formerly desert lands (even the number of native Idaho Indians was very small). During this period, the foundation of the mining industry of the state was laid, which was the basis of its economy until the beginning of the 20th century. During the Gold Rush locals did not feel the events civil war, and the status of the state, which would force local population determine their political allegiances, Idaho received only July 3, 1890.

Soon after the discovery of gold, deposits of silver, zinc and lead were also discovered. All three of these metals are most often mined from a single containing them. rock. Idaho is now the third largest zinc and silver mine in the United States. Mining in Idaho reaches a record depth for the United States - 2.4 kilometers. Currently, the largest income comes from the extraction of phosphate ores, which are required for the production of mineral fertilizers.

When in the 1880s the state was laid railways, conditions arose for the development of the local woodworking industry. Forestry continues to play an important role in the life of the state.

Agriculture in Idaho began to be engaged primarily in order to provide food for the population of the miners' villages. Only in the 20th century, with the introduction of artificial irrigation systems, did the scale of agricultural production increase. Pasture cattle breeding is developed in the state, sheep are bred in mountainous areas, and cattle are bred in zones of artificially irrigated lands. Although Idaho ranchers specialize in raising meat and wool cattle, the milk yields from local ranches are enough to provide them with urban population state and neighboring states.

The main crop in Idaho is the potato. It is no coincidence that the state is called the potato state. Potato crops here are so significant that in the form of chips and flakes for instant mashed potatoes it reaches Russia. Significant areas are also allocated for wheat crops. The arid climate leaves its mark on the nature of field work: to give the earth the opportunity to accumulate more moisture required for plants, potato fields are sown every two years, Letting the earth rest under fallow, and wheat crops are alternated with pea crops, restoring the fertile properties of the soil. In southwestern Idaho, farmers breed orchards, grow apples, plums and peaches, as well as - in small quantities - grapes.

In the 20th century, new industrial enterprises began to be built in the state. Idaho produces industrial equipment, high-tech electronic components and components for the production of computers. However, the leading position is still occupied by food industry enterprises - sugar factories processing sugar beets grown in the state, flour mills, cheese factories, etc.

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Capital of Idaho: boise
Official name: State of Idaho (ID)
Largest city: boise
Other big cities: Nampa, Idaho Falls, Pocatello, Meridian, Coeur d'Alene, Twin Falls, Caldwell, Lewiston
State nicknames: Gem state, Famous Potatoes
State motto: So be it forever (Latin: Esto perpetuum)
State Formation Date: 1890 (43rd in order)


The name of the state of Idaho comes from the language of the Shoshone Indian tribe. According to various versions, "Idaho" in their language meant - a mountain gem, a pearl of the mountains or the sun coming from the mountains. Idaho is surrounded by the states of Washington (Washington), Oregon (Oregon), Nevada (Nevada), Utah (Utah), Wyoming (Wyoming), Montana (Montana), and in the north it borders on Canada.

Population of Idaho

Idaho's population is growing very rapidly, both through natural increase and through immigration. Idaho ranks third in the United States in terms of population growth, behind only the states of Nevada and Arizona.

Ethnic composition of Idaho

  • white - about 96%,
  • black - less than 1%,
  • Asians - about 1.5%,
  • Indians - about 2%

Ethnic composition of Idaho

  • Germans - about 19%,
  • English - about 18%,
  • Irish - more than 10%,
  • Americans - about 9%,
  • Norwegians - more than 3.5%,
  • Swedes - more than 3.5%.

State history

On the territory of the modern state of Idaho, people have lived for over fourteen thousand years. By the 18th century Indians of 6 tribes lived here: Kutene, Pandorei, Cordalen, Nez Perse in the north; Northern Shoshone and Northern Paiute are in the south. In 1959, during excavations at Wilson Butte Cave near Twin Falls, arrowheads were found that are among the oldest artifacts found in North America.
The first permanent European settlement here was founded in 1810. Europeans were brought here by the hunt for "soft gold" - furs. Over the next decades, the northwestern territories were actively developed by large fur companies. At the same time, the first Christian missionaries appeared here. During this time, the region in the northwestern United States that Idaho later became a part of was known as the "Oregon Country". Ownership of it was disputed by the United States and Britain. It was not until 1846 that the United States gained undisputed jurisdiction over the region under the Treaty of Oregon between the United States and Britain.
In 1860, gold was found in Idaho, which caused an influx of prospectors and a "gold rush". In the 1960s, Idaho accounted for one-fifth of all US gold mining. In 1880, silver deposits were found in Idaho.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Idaho was one of the most progressive states in the United States. Women's suffrage laws (1896) and liquor prohibition laws (1916) were passed here before the same laws were passed by the US federal government.
At the end of the 19th century, agriculture began to actively develop in the state, along with the basis of the Idaho economy, the mining industry. In the thirties of the XX century, the first ski resorts appeared, including the famous Sun Valley resort - “ Sunny Valley».

Due to the fall in the level of mining in the middle of the 20th century, some Idaho cities fell into decay, were abandoned by residents and became "ghost towns".
The current problems of the state are largely related to environmental protection.

State Attractions

Hells Canyon is formed by the Snake River and is located on the border of the states of Idaho and Oregon. The depth of the canyon is 2436 meters, it is the deepest canyon in the United States (more than half a kilometer deeper than the famous Grand Canyon in Arizona).

Shoshone Falls is located on the Snake River near Twin Falls, Idaho. This beautiful waterfall called the "Niagara of the West". The height of Shoshone Falls is about 65 meters - 11 meters higher than Niagara Falls. The width of the waterfall is 274 meters.


In the central part of Idaho are located "Moon craters" - national monument and a US nature reserve. Three lava fields formed by a volcanic eruption occupy almost three thousand square kilometers. The unique landscape was called "Craters of the Moon" because of the similarity with the surface of the Earth's satellite.

Very popular with tourists and hobbyists skiing famous resort"Sun Valley" (Sun Valley), the first winter resort in USA.

Lake Pend Oreille and Coeur d'Alene

The Idaho State Capitol in the state capital, Boise.

Sweet Willy Hotel for 4 is located in Poplar Park, Idaho

Sun Valley, Bald Mountain, Idaho.

Curious facts

■ The official state seal is the first and only state seal in US history created by a woman, Emma Edwards Green.
■ More than 14,000 years old, the oldest archaeological finds in the United States, found in the state.
■ B small town Idaho Lava Hot Springs (Lava Hot Springs) are world famous hot springs.
■ Hells Canyon is deeper than Grand Canyon. He is considered the most deep canyon in America.
■ Sun Valley, is the first ski resort created in the USA (in 1936)
■ In the autumn of 1936, the world's first chairlift for skiers
■ Soda Springs boasts the largest geyser in the world.
■ There are over two thousand lakes in the state, but they cover only 880 square miles.
■ Leading place agriculture is in the economy. The most important product is potatoes. Idaho grows 30 percent of the US potato and 25 percent of the country's barley.

Funny state laws in Idaho

■ It is forbidden to fish while sitting on a camel.
■ It is against the law to give a woman a box of chocolates that weighs less than 50 pounds.
■ In Boise, it is illegal to fish while sitting on a giraffe.
■ In Coeur d'Alene, if a police officer is about to approach a car that he thinks is having sex, he must honk or flash his headlights and wait 3 minutes before approaching.
■ In Pocatello, being in a crowded place, you are obliged to smile.

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Idaho is a state located in the northwestern United States of America. In the north it borders on British Columbia and six US states (Washington, Oregon, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada). The population is more than 1.5 million people (39th among other states). Area 216,632 km². The capital of Boise is also the most big city state. Major cities: Nampa, Idaho Falls, Aldwell, Pocatello. Most of the state is rocky mountains and the outskirts of the Columbian Plateau. The height of the mountains can reach 3857 m. There are several rivers and about 2000 lakes in the state. On July 3, 1890, Idaho became the 43rd state of the United States.

State Attractions

Among the attractions of Idaho include the museum military history, a museum dedicated to motion pictures, with the participation of African Americans. A place called Hells Canyon is very popular with tourists. It's huge national reserve with an area of ​​more than 80 thousand hectares. People come here to fish, relax in nature, walk through the wild uncharted terrain.

The Craters of the Moon National Monument is located here. About 2 centuries ago, due to volcanic eruptions, the territory of this area became similar to the surface of the moon, with mysterious caves fantastic shapes.

Southeast Idaho is home to the most popular ski resort Sun Valley or Sun Valley. The film "Sun Valley Serenade", released in 1941, brought special popularity to the resort. Many Hollywood stars have visited this resort.

Famous waterfalls Shoshone (Shoshone Falls) on the Snake River with a height of 65 meters, one of the most deep lakes Pand Oreille (Lake Pend Oreille), as well as Lake Coeur d'Alene (Lake Coeur d'Alene), national park Yellowstone National Park is also very popular with tourists.

Geography and climate

Despite the fact that Idaho is located at a great distance from the Pacific Ocean, its northern part is significantly influenced by sea air currents from the west, which are the main source of high humidity. In summer, air currents from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea also bring moisture. South part The state is surrounded by mountain ranges, so the climate here is different from the northern part. In general, the climate is temperate. Rainfall in the north of the state is significantly higher than in the south. The average temperature in January is below 0°C. in winter in highlands temperatures drop below -30°C, heavy rainfall. During the month of July in southwestern Idaho, temperatures reach 37°C or higher. Hurricanes and tornadoes are extremely rare in the state.

Economy

Potatoes, three types of wheat, sugar beet are grown on the territory of the state, they are engaged in the production of trout, pelushka, lentils. Woodworking, food, machine-building, chemical industries, electronics and paper production are developed here. Deposits of silver, zinc, lead and gold are being developed. A large factory operates in the city of Gooding, which produces raw materials for the manufacture of processed cheese. Boise, the state capital, is the center of semiconductor manufacturing and is home to Micron Technology, the only manufacturer of dynamic memory (DRAM) chips. Since 1970, a large Hewlett-Packard plant has been operating, producing LaserJet printers. The state pays great attention to research in the field of nuclear energy.

Population and religion

The average population density of Idaho is 7.3 people per km². Ethnic composition The population of the state for 2010 was distributed as follows: whites - 89.1%, African Americans - 0.6%, Indians - 1.4%, Asians - 1.2%, Oceanians - 0.1%, other races - 2.5 %. Most of the inhabitants had German, English and Irish roots. By religion, 23% of the population adhered to the religion of the faith of Jesus Christ (Mormons), Christians - 22% and Catholics - 18%. In 2010, the proportion of women in the state was 49.9%, men - 50.1%. More than half of the population lives in cities.

Idaho(English) Idaho) - state located in the western United States, in the Pacific Northwest in the Mountain States group, 43rd in a row. Area - 216.4 thousand square meters. km. Population - 1.2 million people (2000), about 50% - in cities. The capital is Boisey. major cities No.

State Nickname:

State Gemstone (Gem State)

Geography and climate

In the north, Idaho borders the Canadian province British Columbia, in the east - with the states of Wyoming and Montana, in the west - with Oregon and Washington, in the south - with Utah and Nevada.

Most of Idaho is occupied by the southern margin of the Columbian Plateau and Rocky Mountains height up to 3857 m. In the south-west - a plateau, the valley of the river. Snake, the state is located almost entirely in the Columbia River basin. Evergreen forests occupy about two-thirds of its territory. In terms of area of ​​national forest reserves, Idaho ranks 3rd in the country. The climate is continental, moderated by western winds. The state is rich in minerals (about 64% of the state's land belongs to the federal government): silver (the first place in mining in the US), zinc, gold, phosphates, lead. Phosphorites are also being developed.

Economy

The leading place in the economy is occupied by agriculture, which is developed mainly in the southern part of Idaho: 35% of the cultivated area (over 1 million hectares) is irrigated. About 30% of the area of ​​Idaho is occupied by farms, about a third of this area is cultivated, the rest and most of state lands - under pastures. The most important product is the potato (1st place in the United States in terms of crops), the cultivation of wheat, barley, sugar beets, and fodder grasses is developed. Horticulture is developed (mainly apple trees). About half of the value of marketable agricultural products comes from animal husbandry, mainly pasture beef cattle breeding.

The main development of industry began in the 40s. XX century and is associated with woodworking, food industry, electronics, non-ferrous metallurgy (Kellogg).

Tourism (Solnechnaya Dolina, etc.).

Story

The lands of Idaho were inhabited more than 14 thousand years ago. By the 18th century Indians of 6 tribes lived here: Kutene, Pandorei, Cordalen, Nez Perse in the north; Northern Shoshone and Northern Paiute are in the south.

After the expedition of Lewis and Clark in 1805–06, trappers explored these lands in search of beaver colonies, and the valley of the river. Snake has become a site of rivalry between Canadian and American merchants. By 1840, the region was controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company - for several years it maintained posts serving settlers heading west along the Oregon and California trails.

The USA received Oregon lands, which included the lands of the modern state, in 1846. The first permanent American settlements were founded in 1860 by miners and Mormons, which coincided in time with the discovery of gold deposits and the entry of Idaho into Washington Territory; the independent Territory of Idaho, which included present-day Montana and almost all of Wyoming, was proclaimed by an act of Congress in 1863. When the formation of these territories as independent units was completed in 1864 and 1868, the territory of Idaho was divided into two parts by mountains. The discovery of silver deposits in 1880 and 1884 stabilized its economy.

By 1888, most Idahoans supported the Republican Party, which promoted the territory's statehood in 1890. The state constitution had been adopted the year before.

The fall in the price of silver (1888–92) and the ensuing panic severely damaged the state's economy and led to the growth of the influence of the populist party and the activation of the miners' trade union movement.

With the onset of the 20th century the second period of rapid development of the state and its formation as a nationwide agricultural center, which was interrupted by the Great Depression, is connected; the state received a lot of federal assistance during the New Deal period. During the Second World War, the development of the economy was greatly facilitated by the creation of large military bases and a test site (National Reactor Testing Station).

The current problems of the state are largely related to environmental protection.

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