Construction of islands and artificial territories. Top strangest artificial islands

Alluvium artificial banks- technology mastered in many countries. Until recently, the Palm Jumeirah Islands in Dubai were considered the eighth wonder of the world - palm-shaped islands that are visible even from space, as well as hundreds of islets in the form of an image of a world map - The Eighth Wonder. But there are similar examples in other countries. For a state in which you can only live near the coastline, this makes sense: small islands and indented bays"palms" create a multi-kilometer coastal zone.

PalmIslands in Dubaipalm treesislands»)

Man-made archipelago in the United Arab Emirates "Palm Islands in Dubai" consists of three islands in the Persian Gulf - "Palm Jumeirah" (Palm Jumeirah), "Palm Jebel Ali" (Palm Jebel Ali) and "Palm Deira» (Palm Deira).

The islands, or rather the peninsulas, since they are connected to the mainland, are made in the form of traditional Arab countries date palms, by the way, very revered in Islam. Each island is crowned with a crescent moon at the top. It performs the function of a breakwater and at the same time is a Muslim symbol. The islands are also surrounded by protective barrier reefs. At the "Palm Jebel Ali" they are inscriptions on Arabic, namely - quotes from the poems of the ruler of Dubai - Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum ): “In order to leave lines on the water, insight is needed; Great people set themselves great goals. Draw wisdom from the one who has it; Not everyone on a horse is a rider."

The Palm Islands were the first major projects that conquered the world with their uniqueness - the state company A lNakheel Properties, their construction cost $ 7 billion.

TheEighthWonder ("Peace")

Total area - 55 sq. km - this is about 300 islands, repeating the continents of the Earth. Project lead developer The World− Nakheel Company. The idea of ​​creating such an archipelago belongs to the Crown Prince of the Emirate and Minister of Defense of the UAE, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. The purpose of the archipelago is the construction of luxury real estate for sale to private owners, tourist centre. The total cost of the project is $2 billion.

Find a place for a future project artificial islands turned out to be quite difficult. The coastline was occupied by the "Palm Islands". Then it was decided to build islands 4 km from the coast.

"World", unlike the same "Palm Islands", is not connected with the continent, there are no bridges here. All building material was brought in by sea, sand was scooped from the bottom of the Persian Gulf and sprayed over the construction site to create islands. The following problem had to be solved: when sand was poured, the waves and the current washed it away. A strong dam was needed to protect the islands. The engineers took the breakwater as a basis, which is a pyramid-shaped wall reinforced with boulders weighing 6 tons. stepped. The idea was suggested Coral reefs. The design works in several stages, reducing wave energy from 100 to 5%. The wall of the first stage takes half of its strength from the wave. Then the friction of the wave on the shallow water increases and, having hit the second stage, the wave again loses its strength. Finally, when the wave reaches the top of the breakwater, it almost stops.

In April 2004, the first island appeared out of the water, it was named "Dubai". In the months that followed, the northwest "America", "Asia" and "Middle East" took shape. In May 2005, 15 million tons of stone were dumped into the bay. However, as Mir grew, so did the danger of stagnation. sea ​​waters could turn green and turn into swamps. This was facilitated by the fact that there was no current along the islands. The ecology of this region was in serious danger. But the engineers found a solution that "saved the world." They were the blades that were made in the breakwaters. Also, for the rapid circulation of water, engineers deepened the channels.

The advantages of human-made sushi are being replaced by unforeseen disadvantages. So, The Islands Eighth Wonder go under water by 5 mm annually. Opponents of the construction of artificial islands believe that such global projects cannot be carried out until a full study of the impact on the environment has been carried out.

The largest bulk land projects in the world

Durrat Al Bahrain Island, Bahrain

The cost of the project is $ 1.2 billion. It is an archipelago of 13 artificial islands located on a plot of 20 million square meters. m. It consists of six atolls (islands with coral lagoons), five islands in the form of fish, a crescent island, which houses five-star hotels, an 18-hole golf course, 12 bridges and a marina.

Island for Kansai International Airport, Japan

Located in the center of Osaka Bay, on the sea shelf of the cities of Sennan, Izumisano and Tairi (Osaka Prefecture). The artificial island is 4 km long and 2.5 km wide. Construction began in 1987. The construction of the breakwater was completed in 1989 (built from 48,000 concrete tetrapods). The project is the most costly in modern history, it required 20 years of planning, three years of construction, and $20 billion in investment to reclaim the island and build an airport.

City of IJburg, Netherlands

The city appeared as a result of the expansion of the territory of Amsterdam and was built on six artificial islands, washed up in Lake IJ. In the future, it is planned to wash four more islands. Upon completion of construction, 18,000 households for 45,000 residents will be located on the islands and employment will be provided for 12,000 people.

An artificial island is an island that was built by humans rather than formed naturally. They often serve as a site for the construction of seaports and airports. Below is a list of the ten most amazing artificial islands.

Balboa Island is a complex of three artificial islands (Balboa Island, Little Balboa Island, Collins Isle) located in Newport Beach, California, USA. According to the census conducted in 2000, approximately 3,000 inhabitants live on the territory of Balboa Island (0.52 km2).

Ninth place in the list of ten amazing artificial islands is Amwaj Islands. This is a group of artificial islands located in the Persian Gulf in the northeast of Bahrain, not far from the coast of the island of Muharraq. Cover about 2,790,000 sq. meters.

Kansai International Airport

Kansai International Airport was designed by Renzo Piano and is located on an artificial island in the middle of Osaka Bay near Osaka, Japan. It took 80 ships, 10 million hours of work and 21 million cubic meters of soil to build an island 4,000 meters long and 1,000 meters wide. Kansai Airport is one of the ten most unusual airports in the world.

Pearl Qatar

Pearl Qatar is an artificial island covering almost four million square meters. Located in Doha, Qatar. The initial cost of its construction was $ 2.5 billion. As of January 2015, 12,000 people live on this island. In the spring of 2012, about 5,000 people lived here, and in the spring of 2011, about 3,000.

The Venice Islands are a group of artificial islands located in Biscayne Bay, between the cities of Miami and Miami Beach, Florida, USA. The group includes Biscayne, San Marco, San Marino, Di Lido, Rivo Aldo, Belle Île and Flagler Monument Island - desert island which is now used as a picnic area. It was built in 1920 in memory of Henry Flagler, a pioneer of the railroad industry in the United States.

burj al arab

Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. This beautiful building is the third most high hotel in the world and is located in the sea at a distance of 280 meters from the coast on an artificial island connected to the ground by a bridge.

cheklapkok

Chek Lap Kok is an artificial island that houses the Hong Kong International Airport. Chek Lap Kok was originally a 302-hectare rocky island, but by June 1995, it had become the platform for a new 1,248-hectare airport. It took 44,000 tons of powerful explosives to level it and a large number of excavators.

Port Island is an artificial island located in the city of Kobe, Japan. This island with a total area of ​​833 hectares was built between 1966 and 1981. As of October 2005, 15,120 people live here.

The World or the World Islands is an artificial archipelago consisting of 300 islands, with a general shape resembling the continents of the Earth. Located in the waters of the Persian Gulf, 4 km from the coastline of Dubai, UAE. The islands are made up mostly of sand dredged from the shallow coastal waters near the city. Their construction required 321,000,000 cubic meters of sand and 386 million tons of rock, as well as $ 14 billion. The size of the islands varies from 14,000 to 42,000 square meters, the average distance between them is 100 m. The total area of ​​​​the archipelago is 55 km . sq., which today makes it the largest artificial archipelago in the world. 0

, The cost of creating a beach with a dredger

Island building and artificial territories

According to federal law Russian Federation dated July 19, 2011 N 246-FZ "On artificial land plots created on water bodies", signed by President D.A. Medvedev, organizations and individuals are allowed to create territories artificially created above the surface of the water, or islands. This law regulates the rules for agreeing to the performance of work, the acquisition and use of such territories.

Simply put, the state makes it possible for many people to fulfill the dream of their own unique island! A few years ago, this was almost impossible due to bureaucratic difficulties. And today - please create a small island, and as big as you like! Of course, after coordinating this with the local administration.

Let's say the issues with the administration are settled. Next - the most interesting, immediate island construction. Creation artificial island, as a rule, occurs in two ways - backfilling and hydraulic filling.

The first method is implemented by the method of mechanized dumping and compaction of imported soil. For such work, as a rule, crawler-mounted excavators, excavator floating installations on pontoons, floating cranes, and of course equipment that supplies land to the work site - soil-carrying barges and dump trucks (if the work is carried out directly near the coastline) are used. This method is quite expensive to implement, since the building material must first be loaded onto vehicle, then transport, unload and lay at the construction site artificial island. Considering the cost of fuel today, such a method is simply a ruin, and should be used only in case of unavoidable need.

Second way creating an island is based on the principle of using sand or loam from the bed of a local reservoir. As a rule, this is implemented by the method of hydraulic reclamation, which is used by suction dredgers. The soil, together with water, is sucked in from the bottom by a powerful soil pump. Such a mixture (pulp) is supplied through a special pipeline (pulp pipeline) to the place of release, in our case - the future island. During hydraulic reclamation, the soil settles to the bottom, gradually reducing the depth of the section of the reservoir, where the above-water part of the island is then formed. Given the simultaneous development, transportation and dumping, such a method is much more profitable in implementation. Considering also the fact that dredging can be done during hydraulic reclamation, the dredger is the most rational type of special equipment for the construction of islands and other artificially created territories. Often, sunken ships and destroyed hydrotechnical facilities serve as objects of soil hydraulic reclamation for the further construction of the island. This allows you to save on reducing the amount of required soil, and at the same time, and increase the aesthetic appeal of the water area. Agree, a half-flooded barge is not the best decoration for a reservoir.

Eventually, alluvium of the island or shores can be quite inexpensive. It depends on the type and depth of the reservoir, the soil at the bottom of the channel, and the size of the area to be washed.

A very convenient technique for construction of artificial islands is a multifunctional Watermaster machine. Due to the presence of replaceable working bodies, this species dredgers can be engaged in alluvial soil, precisely level the reclaimed soils with a bucket, as well as build bank protection walls from piles.

Dubai - amazing place in the middle of the desert, in which achievements scientific and technological progress XXI century intertwined with ancient culture. One of the emirate's most ambitious projects is artificial islands.

The Palm Islands are an archipelago of man-made islands on Earth. Between the islands there are also artificial archipelagos "Mir" and "Universe" of small islands. All this creation can be seen from the moon with the naked eye.

Let's start with the palm islands. They are located in the UAE, in the emirate of Dubai. The archipelago includes three major islands, each having the shape of a palm tree.

The Palm Jumeirah is the smallest and most original of the three islands. This is the first palm island and a great achievement in the history of world architecture. The construction of the island began in June 2001, in 2006 it was handed over for development.

It consists of a trunk, 16 leaves, and a crescent that surrounds the island and forms an 11 km long breakwater. Diameter - 6 km. "Crescent" is a barrier that surrounds and protects the "Palma" from sea ​​waves. It has hotels.

Under construction:

Almost like a mirage

Night view of the Atlantis hotel:

The "crown" of Palma consists of 17 "branches" - microdistricts, rushing into the sea. On the branches there are exclusive villas that differ in area and design:

Residential areas include about 8,000 two-story mansions. 2007:

"The Trunk" (The Trunk) is central part Palm trees where the parks are, shopping centers, restaurants and high-rise residential buildings.

Construction of the central part - the "trunk":

The size of the island is 5 kilometers by 5 kilometers and its total area is more than 800 football fields. The island is connected to the mainland by a 300-meter bridge, and the crescent is connected to the top of the palm tree. underwater tunnel. The Palm Jameirah is valued at approximately $14 billion.

Construction started in October 2002:

This is how the island was supposed to look according to the project:

The bulk artificial island was handed over for development at the end of 2007. It is 50% larger than Jumeirah. More than 1,000 bungalows based on piles in the Polynesian style are planned to be built along the coastline:

But not everything is so rosy here: at present, due to low demand for real estate, most construction work on the Palm Jebel Ali is temporarily suspended.

This is the largest artificial island of the trio. Its construction began in November 2004.

Few numbers. Deira will be 8 times the size of the Palm Jumeirah and 5 times the size of the Palm Jebel Ali. The distance from the coast to the top of the "crescent" is 14 km, the width of Palma is 8.5 km. The branches of the Palm will vary in length and will be 400-850 apart. The crescent with a total length of 21 kilometers will be the largest breakwater in the world.

It is interesting to observe the process of building an artificial island:

Palm Deira will be built at a depth of 5 to 22 meters.

The creation of a "trunk", 41 branches and a protective crescent will take a billion cubic meters of stones and sand. The length of the branches varies, the distance between them will be from 840 to 3,340 meters.

Once completed, Palm Deira will become the largest man-made island in human history, which will serve as a habitat for 1 million people. Fully work is planned to be completed by 2015, although this date is not final.

A few photos of what Palm Deira will look like:

As you can see on the map, between the Palms there are also artificial archipelagos "World" and "Universe" from small islands.

This is an artificial archipelago, consisting of several islands, with a general shape resembling the continents of the Earth (hence the name - "World"). It is located 4 kilometers from the coastline of Dubai.

artificial islands in the Mir archipelago are created mainly from the sand of the shallow coastal waters of Dubai. It was difficult to find a place for this project, because the coastline was already occupied by the Palm Islands. Then it was decided to build islands 4 km from the coast.

Construction of artificial islands. Sand was dredged from the bottom of the Persian Gulf and sprayed over the construction site to create islands:

The total area of ​​the Mir archipelago is 55 sq. km. That makes him largest artificial archipelago in the world. The size of the islands is from 14 thousand to 83 thousand square meters, the width of the straits between them is from 50 to 100 meters with a depth of up to 16 meters.

"Mir" is connected to the mainland only by water and by air. From big waves The islands are protected by an artificially erected breakwater:

In April 2004, the first island, dubbed Dubai, emerges from the water. Unlike the Palm Islands, the Mir archipelago is not connected to the continent and there are no bridges. All building materials were shipped by sea.

Breakwater erection:

By May 2005, 15 million tons of rock had been dumped into the bay.

In the future, the archipelago is planned to be enlarged by the creation of new islands under the Universe project (see map above).

Will artificial islands be washed away? The Mir archipelago, despite the fact that it is completely surrounded by water, is designed very reliably - artificial islands can hide under water no earlier than in 900-4,000 years, reports Arabian Business.

The most luxurious houses on the planet will be located on the islands of the Mir archipelago. Not everyone can buy an island: the Nakheel developer itself sends out invitations (50 pieces a year) to the wealthy elite.

The price of one island reaches 38 million dollars and varies depending on the location, size, and proximity to other islands.

Access to all 300 islands will be by sea or by air, regular ferries, as well as private yachts and boats.

Russian moneybags have already bought up all of "Russia" - one of the most large archipelagos in the world. The representative of the developer Hamza Mustafal says that one Russian developer bought two "Russian" islands at once - "Rostov" and "Yekaterinburg". The island "Siberia" was bought by an unnamed Russian woman who is going to sell it in parts.

According to the plans of the creators, the Mir archipelago will become an elite community, which will consist of the chosen inhabitants of the Earth, service personnel and tourists, total number which will not exceed 200,000 people.

Incredible Facts

The ancient Aztecs founded their Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City) on an island in the middle of the water, and subsequently created more and more new strips of fertile land on the water. Prehistoric engineers developed them and used them for agriculture. Artificial islands abound in modern times, while the true reasons for their existence are not always clear and obvious. The top from Popular Mechanics included 18 of the strangest artificial islands in the world.

Floating islands of Uros

Floating reed islands are home to speculators, schools and even radio stations. They move on the water on Lake Titicaca, located on the border between Bolivia and Peru.

Their inhabitants - the Uros Indians have preserved the old technique of weaving artificial islands for centuries.

The main material for the structures is reed. From it, the Uros make islands, their houses, curved boats and even sails. It is believed that the islands are a relic of a prehistoric military strategy, when with the advent of the invaders, the Uros population had to retreat.

Crannogs Islands of Scotland and Ireland

Hundreds of wooden platforms plow the surface of lakes in Scotland and Ireland. Some of them have been restored, while many others have sunk over the centuries.

The platforms are the remains of crannogs, artificial islands built by wealthy families during the Iron Age. According to some guesses, the islands are status symbols. In addition, there is a possibility that their help was resorted to during attacks.

Some crannogs stand on natural island or shoals, others are built exclusively on open water. To rebuild them, they first drew a circle of stakes on the bottom of the lake around the island or in shallow water. Then something like a fence was built from wooden lashes, and the void was filled with logs, branches, earth and clay. Round wooden structures rose up in the center of the island.

The islanders crossed to the shore in boats or built dams right under the surface of the water to hide them from robbers.

No Man's Land Fort

In 2008, elderly businessman Harmesh Pooni barricaded himself from his creditors by locking himself in No Man's Land Fort, a complex built in the Solent near Wight Island. He bought the fort four years before his " imprisonment."

They say Puni turned him into luxury home. The fort is equipped with a generator and a well fresh water. It even has a swimming pool, gym, sauna, tennis court and bar. In the "mansion" mainland wealthy guests arrive and can land on one of the two helipads.

No Man's Land is one of four artificial islands built in the 19th century to protect against attacks from the sea. military equipment, they were never used for their intended purpose. After World War II in the 1960s, they entered the real estate market. In the 1980s, the "no man's" island was finally sold. The company that bought it laid the foundation for the luxury that Puni now enjoys.

Thilafushi - junkyard island (Thilafushi)

The former Thilafalhu lagoon, soaked in a pile of garbage, is located just a few miles west of Male, the capital of the Maldives. From Thilafulu to Thilafushi, this piece of land has been transformed as a result of the garbage crisis in Male. A giant hole was dug on the island and filled with waste. Then more and more.

Harmless waste mixed with lead-acid batteries, asbestos and other toxic materials. The land located above the garbage pits is said to be rented by various industrial enterprises.

Isola di Lolando in Florida

Isola di Lolando rises above the waters of Biscayne Bay near Miami Beach.

This artificial island appeared due to negligence of human activity.

In the 1920s, when the real estate bubble burst, and in 1926 a hurricane swept over Miami, this island was created, which was to become part of the Venice Islands.

Northstar Island

British Petroleum built the Northstar in the Beaufort Sea six miles (9.6 kilometers) north of the Alaska coast. The Northstar serves as a working area for pumping oil from the Northstar Basin.

The standard offshore platform was too small, as ice constantly accumulated near the coastline, which posed a threat to technology. This is how the island was built.

Bypassing the six-month moratorium, BP is going to drill at Northstar, appealing that it is an island, not an offshore platform.

Neft Daslari "Oil Rocks"

The coast of Azerbaijan is replete with peninsulas, clusters of buildings and oil wells. Neft Daşlari or "oil rocks" has 600 oil wells, apartment blocks, a cinema, a bakery, a school and a helipad.

Beneath the island are dozens of sunken ships and tons of debris accumulating as the makeshift city grows.

Today, only one third of the wells are working, however, more than half of the oil in Azerbaijan is still pumped from Oil Rocks.

Amwaj Islands, Bahrain

These islands are a territory with a road luxury real estate and lie to the northeast of the state of Bahrain.

Technically equipped and with their own land law, the Amway Islands are exemplary in a sense.

During construction around the perimeter, the island was surrounded by hydraulic pipes filled with sand.

According to Bahraini law, foreigners were allowed to buy land on the territory of the islands.

Kansai International Airport (Kansai)

Resistant to typhoons and earthquakes, Kansai International Airport is built on artificial islands in East Asia.

A lot of money was spent on the construction of the island. In 1987, as conceived by the designers, they created an artificial island by pouring out the earth in the middle of Osaka Bay.

Engineers assumed that the earth might settle, but it happened faster than they thought. To compensate for subsidence, the terminal building is equipped with special supporting columns, under which, if necessary, metal supports can be placed.

Second Spiral Island, Mexico

A floating island near Isla Mujeres and Cancun was built by Briton Richie Sowa. He made it from more than a hundred thousand plastic bottles.

This is his second invention. The first island was destroyed by Hurricane Emily in 2005.

The island is about 60 feet (18 meters) in diameter. It is covered with sand, plants and mango trees. In the center there is even a pool in which Owl keeps ducks. To get to the shore, which is only 20-30 meters from the island, the Owl moors the "Spiral Island" by hand to the shore.

To build your Paradise Island, Owl packed plastic bottles in bags and fishing nets. He placed them at the bottom of wooden pallets, forming the basis of a structure that he continues to build on all the time, adding sacks of bottles under the structure of the island.

Palm Islands in Dubai

Dubai's coastline has grown at the same time as wealth has risen United Arab Emirates. Today there are two islands, made in the form of traditional date palms. Each island is crowned with a crescent moon at the top. A third one is also planned.

In the form of an oval are located and sandy areas, called The World (World), since together they form geographical map peace. There is also an island built specifically for the world's only seven-star hotel, Burj Al Arab.

Jumeirah is the smallest of the palm islands. To build it (and he was the "firstborn"), the dredger pumped sand from the seabed. The builders covered it first with an erosion cloth, and then with a layer rocks. Then the sand was gently pumped back, leaving the islands in the form of 16 palm leaves. The crescent, which has wide openings in two places, allows water to pass through, allowing it to circulate and not stagnate.

U Thant Island, Manhattan

Ever wondered where the land went after the tunnels were built in New York? This island appeared just after the construction of a tunnel under the East River, which connects Manhattan with Astoria (Astoria) and Queens (Queens).

The island is officially called Belmont Island, after August Belmont Jr., who financed the completion of the tunnel in 1907. But more often the island is called U Tan Island, which is the reason for a rather strange story.

The island's existence was ignored by New Yorkers until, in 1977, a religious group informally christened it U Thant, after a former UN Secretary General who was a friend of the group's guru. Members of the group erected a metal arch on its territory, storing some of Tan's personal belongings in a drawer.

In 2004, a man named Duke Riley sailed under the cover of night to an abandoned island and proclaimed this piece of land a sovereign state. He was not even arrested for this, and the island is still a small part of the United States.

Flevoland, Holland

There is a saying about the Netherlands: "God created the world, and the Dutch - Holland." Holland is home to the world's largest artificial island.

In 1920, in the northeast, near the Zuiderzee, dams began to be built. Over the next decades, the land in this area was drained. This is how modern Flevoland was created - a province of polders, reclaimed lands.

Flevopolder (Flevopolder) - a land area of ​​two polders (drained land). One was created in the 1950s, the other in the 1960s. Dams divide Flevopolder into two parts. Between the old coastline and artificially created land remained a water strip - access to the sea.

Flevopolder is not land raised above sea level. Surrounded by water and reclaimed from the sea, it is still considered an artificial island.

Floating Island of the Immortals

The Island of the Immortals from a distance looks like a piece of melted lead. Up close, you can see a steel sculpture, consisting of a group of eclectic objects.

The island is in the North Sea a few hundred yards off the Belgian coast and a mile north of the Netherlands. The island is the creation of Chinese artist Zhan Wang and is part of the Beaufort Art Trail - international exhibition, exhibited 42 miles from the Belgian coast.

Wang is famous for his steel sculptures, although the others are not as huge as this one. On the island, according to the author's idea, the past and the future are immortalized: images from mythology and modern objects.

Floating island of the Mur River (Island on the Mur)

On the river Mur (Murinsel) in the city of Graz (Austria) floats an artificial island that looks like an inverted turtle. Steel lattice windows and a geodesic dome speak of the author's visualization of underwater cities, which may someday become a resting place for our descendants.

At night, the island glows blue. The island is 155 feet (about 47 meters) in diameter and has a cafe and bar.

The island is a cross-cultural work - designed by New York architect Vito Acconci in honor of the announcement of the city of Graz in 2003 cultural capital Europe.

Kamfers Dam, South Africa

The S-shaped island below the Kamphers Dam near the South African city of Kimberley is full of flamingos. The island was built in 2006 as a bird sanctuary. An ornithologist named Mark Anderson supervised the construction of the island.

There are four ponds on the island, and thousands of artificial nests have been erected. But over time, the population of migratory flamingos has become more than the nests. Then the birds began to build their own.

There are now at least 10,000 flamingos on the island, constantly migrating from island to island. The island is currently one of the few breeding flamingo colonies in the world.

Floating Islands on the Han River

The Han River flows through the capital North Korea- Seoul and flows into the Yellow Sea. Three huge floating islands will soon anchor on its waters.

The islands are conceived as a counterbalance to other similar ones, for example, an island on the Mur (Austria) or a floating garden on Rostock (Germany).

Three huge Korean islands range in size from four thousand square feet (1200 meters) to fifteen and a half thousand square meters. The construction of the islands costs more than 80 million US dollars.

On the platforms of the islands, the project developers plan to build entertainment centers and restaurants. They hope the islands become new cultural center Seoul.

Umihotaru

Aqualine, a 9 km hybrid bridge and tunnel, connected the two cities of Kawasaki and Kisarazu across Tokyo Bay in Japan.

Aqualine reduced the distance between cities from an hour and a half to 15 minutes.

In the place where the bridge passes into the tunnel, there is an artificial island Umihotaru - an attraction for tourists and a place of recreation on the water.