Map of the Alps in Russian. The geographical position of the Alpine mountains: definition, description
In the form of Alpis is mentioned by Herodotus, V V. BC e., in Dr. Rome Alpes, modern German Alpine, French alpes, ital. Alpi. The traditional use of the plural form. h. is associated with the presence of many Alps: the vast Dolomites, Pennines, Maritimes, Julia and many other Alps are known, each of which includes ridges and massifs, the names of which also contain the term Alps. Cm. also the Dinaric Highlands.
Geographical names of the world: Toponymic Dictionary. - M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001 .
ALPS
the highest mountains in the West. Europe. A complex system of ridges and massifs, stretching for 1200 km, up to 260 km wide. The highest peak is Mont Blanc (4807 m). Alpine folding. Snow line - 2500-3200 m. A. - an important climate division, to the north - a temperate climate, to the south - subtropical Mediterranean. On the windward west and north-hall. slopes of precipitation 1500-2000 mm per year, in intramountain valleys 500-800 mm. Numerous lakes glacial origin(Geneva, Constance, etc.). The altitudinal zonality is expressed.
Brief geographical dictionary. EdwART. 2008 .
Alps
(German Alpen, French Alpes, Italian Alpi, from the Celtic alp - " high mountain"), the highest mountain system Europe. Mentioned by Herodotus in the 5th century. BC e. Stretches from the coast mediterranean sea before Middle Danube Plain
. in the form of a convex to the NW. arc length on the outer edge approx. 1200 km, int. edge ok. 750 km and a width of 50 to 260 km. border with Apennines passes along the Kadibona (near the Genoese Gulf), with Carpathians- along the Danube valley, with Dinaric highlands
- in the Ljubljana Basin. A. form a watershed between the bass. North, Black, Adriatic and Mediterranean seas. A. are located on the territory of Italy, France, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany and Slovenia. The valley of the upper Rhine is subdivided into higher Zap. A. (the highest point of the city. Mont Blanc
, 4807 m) and lower and wider Vost. A. (Bernina, 4049 m). Alpine zone Zap. A., composed of ancient crystalline rocks, abruptly breaks off in the south to the Lombard lowland; north-west the slope, on the contrary, is surrounded by a wide strip of medium-altitude mountains, folded in the main. limestones. Axial zone A. is also composed of crystalline rocks, but in the south (as well as in the north) it is preceded by wide limestone and dolomite Prealps
.
A. is an important climatic division of Europe. A temperate climate prevails to the north and west of them, and a subtropical Mediterranean climate to the south. Avg. the temperature of July at an altitude of 500 m is 18 ° С, 1000 m - 16 ° С and 2500 m - 6 ° С, in January, respectively, 0, -6 and -15 ° С. Precipitation on the windward and northwest. slopes are 1500–2000 mm (in some places up to 4000 mm), and in intramountain valleys 500–800 mm. In winter, a lot of snow falls, often snow avalanches come down. The snow line runs at an altitude of 2500 m (in the northern Pre-Alps) to 3200 m (in the hinterland and in the Eastern Alps). There are approx. 3200 glaciers with a total area. OK. 2680 km². Most of them lie on the north, north-west. and north-east. slopes, characterized by valley and cirque glaciers (the largest - Alechsky glacier).
In A. lie the origins Reina, Rhone, By
, Adige
, right tributaries of the Danube; many lakes, mainly glacial origin ( Geneva, Thun, Brienz, Firvalshted, Constance, Lago Maggiore
, Lugano
, Como
, garda
and etc.). Altitudinal zonality is well expressed in A.. Up to 800 m there are many gardens, fields, subtropical shrubs and forests (beech and oak). In the 800–1800 m belt, they are gradually replaced by coniferous forests: in more humid areas - spruce and fir, in drier areas - pine, cedar and larch. Pasture living is developed here, and in the lower parts of the belt - agriculture. At altitudes from 1800 to 2200–2300 m, shrubs and tall grass meadows predominate; many summer pastures. Even higher is the alpine belt with short-grass alpine vegetation. In the highlands, glaciers, snowfields, rocks and stone placers dominate.
Roe deer, Central European deer, wild boar, wolf, fox, wild cat, ferret, marten, ermine, weasel, occasionally brown bear and lynx are found in the Alpine forests. There are many rodents: squirrels, wild rabbits, hare and blue hare, dormice, etc.; as well as birds. Chamois, alpine ibex, alpine marmot, and voles live in the highlands.
A. always played a big role in the life of Europe. By alpine passes passed the army of Hannibal (218 BC), the heroic campaign of A. V. Suvorov (1799) is known. Today A. is one of the most important recreational areas in Europe. Widely developed mountain tourism and mountaineering, and the word alpine itself has become a household word and is applied to the designation of high mountains (alpine vegetation, alpine belt, mountaineering). In villages and cities there are numerous hotels and boarding houses, on mountain slopes – cable cars and ski slopes.
Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .
Alps
the highest mountain range in Europe. Ancient Greek is also mentioned. historian Herodotus in the 5th century. BC e. The Alps stretch from the Mediterranean coast to the southwest. to the Middle Danube lowland in the east in the form of a convex to the north-west. arcs dl. outside edge approx. 1200 km, internal - approx. 750 km and lat. from 50–60 km on the meridian of Turin to 240–260 km on the meridian of Verona. Numerous ridges The Alps form Ch. watershed Zap. and Wed. Europe between bass. North, Black, Adriatic and Mediterranean seas. On ter. The Alps are located in Italy, France, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany and Slovenia.
The transverse (meridional) section of the upper Rhine valley between Lake Constance. in the north and lake. Como in the south of the Alps are subdivided into higher Western Alps
(the highest point of the Alps, Mont Blanc, 4807 m) and lower and wider Eastern Alps(Bernina, 4049 m). Zap. The Alps have a pronounced arcuate shape with a wide outer (northwestern and northern) edge and a shorter and steeper inner one. Alpine axial zone Zap. The Alps, composed of ancient and resistant to weathering crystalline rocks, without a transitional strip abruptly breaks off to the Lombard lowland; northwest the slope, on the contrary, is surrounded by a wide strip of medium-altitude mountains, folded in the main. younger limestones. Vost. The Alps extend in a latitudinal direction; their axial zone is also composed of crystalline rocks, but here from north to south it is preceded by wide limestone and dolomite Prealps.
The Alps are an important climate divide in Europe. For ter. To the north and west of the Alps, a temperate climate is characteristic, and to the south, a subtropical Mediterranean climate. In the Alps themselves, the climate is determined primarily by relief. Wed the temperature of July at vys. 500 m is equal to 18 ° C, at high. 1000 m - 16 ° C and high. 2500 m - 6 ° C, January 0, -6 and -15 ° C, respectively. Precipitation on the windward and northwest. slopes are 1500–2000 mm, in some places up to 4000 mm per year, and in intramountain valleys 500–800 mm. In winter, a lot of snow falls, snow avalanches and mudflows often come down.
The snow line in the Northern Prealps runs at a height. 2500–2600 m, in the Alpes-Maritimes it lies at a height. 2800–2900 m, and in the inner districts and to the East. Alps - at height. 3000–3200 m. In total, there are approx. 3200 modern glaciers and more than 1500 migratory snowfields; glaciers cover approx. 2680 km², and together with migratory snowfields - 2835 km². Characteristic are valley and cirque glaciers; most of the glaciers lie on slopes facing the north and northwest. and S.-V. The largest in length and area is the Aletsch Glacier (24.7 km; 86.8 km²). In the Alps are the sources of the Rhine, Rhone, Po, Adige, the right tributaries of the Danube (Iller, Lech, Inn, Enns, Drava), many lakes of glacial and tectonic origin. The largest: Geneva, Thun, Brienz, Firwaldstet, Constance, Lago Maggiore, Lugano, Como, Garda, etc.
In the Alps, the altitudinal zonality of landscapes is well expressed. Up to high 800 m climate is moderately warm, to the south. slopes - Mediterranean; many gardens, fields, subtropical shrubs and forests, mainly from beech and oak. In the 800–1800 m belt, the climate is temperate, humid, broad-leaved forests are gradually replaced by coniferous ones - in the wetter regions from spruce and fir, in drier regions from pine, European cedar and larch. Pasture animal husbandry is developed here, and agriculture in the lower parts of the belt. At the height from 1800 to 2200–2300 m the climate is subalpine cold, with a long-term stable snow cover. Shrubs and tall grass meadows predominate; many summer pastures. Even higher, up to the snow line, is the alpine belt with a cold climate and short-grass alpine vegetation; most year there is snow. Finally, the highlands occupies a nival-glacial belt with glaciers, snowfields, bare rocks, stone placers and moraine deposits.
In the alpine forests, a rather rich animal world. Roe deer, Central European deer, wild boar, wolf, fox, wild cat, ferret, pine marten, ermine, weasel, occasionally brown bear and lynx are found here. Quite a lot of rodents: squirrels, wild rabbits, hare and white hare, dormice, etc., as well as birds. Chamois, alpine ibex, alpine marmot, and voles live in the Alpine highlands.
The Alps have always played a big role in the life of Europe. Even in ancient times (218 BC), the army of Hannibal passed along the Alpine passes, the heroic Alpine campaign of A. V. Suvorov (1799) is known. Now the Alps are one of the most important recreational areas in Europe. Almost everywhere in the villages and towns there are a lot of hotels and boarding houses, on the mountain slopes there are cable cars and ski slopes, in many corners of the mountains there are railways with a third, toothed rail. Mountain tourism and mountaineering are widely developed, and the word "alpine" itself has become a household word and is used to designate high mountains (alpine vegetation, alpine belt, mountaineering).
Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .
Synonyms:
See what "ALPS" is in other dictionaries:
Alps- Mont Blanc Location… Tourist Encyclopedia
- (German Alpen; French Alpes; Italian Alpi; from Celtic alp high mountain) the highest (up to 4807 m, Mont Blanc) mountain system Zap. Europe. Located in France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein; spurs in Slovenia and Germany. Length approx. 1200 km ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (German Alpen; French Alpes; Italian Alpi; from the Celtic alp high mountain), the highest (up to 4807 m, Mount Mont Blanc) mountain system Western Europe(France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Liechtenstein). Length about 1200 ... Modern Encyclopedia
Lat. Alpes, from Celt., alp, height. Large mountain ranges from the Mediterranean, near Nice, to the Danube, near Vienna. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. Michelson A.D., 1865 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Exist., number of synonyms: 2 mountain system (62) mountains (52) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
Alps- ALPS, the highest and most powerful mountain range in Europe, stretches in the form of an arc from the Ligurian Sea to the Carpathians and the middle Danube and, being between 43 ° and 48 ° N. latitude and 5° and 17° east. longitude from Greenwich, occupies a central position in Europe. ... ... Military Encyclopedia
The Alps are one of the largest international centers tourism, mountaineering and skiing. The mountains stretch for more than 1000 kilometers, the most famous of all the peaks in the world. The Alps are located on the territory of eight countries. They are divided into three zones:
Western.
Central.
Oriental.
The western part belongs to the French Alps and has a length of 333 km. This part of the Alps is known for being the Mont Blanc mountain. It is considered the highest in the Alps and has a height of 4810 meters.
The central part is located in Switzerland, and the eastern in. The third zone of the Alps is considered the most popular among tourists. Since the famous mountain campaigns of Hannibal and Suvorov are located there. Also Alpine countries are:
Liechtenstein.
Slovenia.
The age of the cold kingdom of mountains is measured in hundreds of millions of years. The microclimate of the Alpine regions depends on:
Provisions.
Wind directions.
The vast majority of tourists come here because of ski resorts. Winter brings mostly snow and low temperatures. In the summer in the Alps, there are quite hot days. The resorts in summer are popular with cyclists, couple gliders, climbers. These mountains are excellent in any guise and will not leave anyone who wishes to visit them indifferent.
The best resorts in the Alps
Austrian resort for winter skiing, the best choice for newbies. There are also resorts designed for children skiing with safe parks. The most famous ski resorts in the country are the Tyrol region.
Mayrhofen
Mayrhofen is a resort, mainly popular place for relax. Fifty kilometers from Tyrol, is one of the most luxury resorts Alp - Kitzbühel. It is here that the most impressive stage of the World Cup in skiing. In summer, an international tennis tournament is held here.
Many beautiful resorts are located in the south of Austria - Carinthia. Mostly in demand, the Lavantal resort and no less popular is Bad Kleinkirhain. solar and scenic spots with warm, thermal pools suitable for have a great holiday with kids.
Symbol - mountain "Momblant" - 4810 meters. The mountain is located on the border with Italy. At the foot of Mont Blanc are the most elegant and sophisticated resorts in France.
megeve
Megeve - beautiful and aristocratic fashionable resort. Beautiful, fabulous atmosphere town with medieval houses are suitable for connoisseurs of luxury. Chamonix is perhaps the most famous resort city in France, which is over two hundred years old. This resort is suitable for both children who have skied for the first time and ski professionals.
Courchevel
Courchevel - luxury resort for wealthy guests. The best, well-groomed slopes for skiing, hotels with excellent service of the highest level.
The scenic beauty of the local nature and excursions are worth visiting the resorts of Switzerland. In addition, Switzerland now and then hosts personalized guests: millionaires, show business stars, models, actors, which becomes a decisive factor for many when choosing a resort.
Zermat
Zermat - the resort is located in the south of the country near the Matterhorn mountain. Newcomers to skiing this is not the place, the resort is designed for professionals. Terraces and steep slopes are mainly for extreme and expert skiing.
St. Moritz
St. Moritz - rest here will satisfy even the most demanding tourist and athlete of any level. One of the very expensive prestigious resorts countries.
Davos
Davos - the resort is medical with prestigious world-class clinics. Davos is one of the best places for snowboard lovers. Skiers of all levels will feel comfortable here.
Bavaria
The best resorts of the country are located in the region - Bavaria. In comparison, for example, with Switzerland, German resorts differ mainly affordable price. It is also a holiday for tourists, families and beginners, thanks to the many gentle slopes and easy trails.
Garmisch – Pantenkirchen
Garmisch – Pantenkirchen is the best ski resort. Impressive infrastructure of different classes, many ski schools, including those for children.
Italy is famous for its famous hospitality and beaches, and there are amazing resorts for tourists in the winter season. Ski Italian resorts This good infrastructure, well-equipped slopes and trails.
Cartino de Ampezzo
Cartino de Ampezzo is a UNESCO-listed alpine city, listed as a showcase of Italian fashion and tourism. Impressive landscapes, upscale hotels, great trails for both beginners and professionals, very high prices.
The Alps are one of the largest mountain ranges in Europe, extending from Austria and Slovenia to the east
The most high peak Alpe Mont Blanc 4807 m high, the Alps are on the Franco-Italian border.
The Alps are usually divided into Western and Eastern, the division runs along the line between Lake Como and lake constance along the river Rhine. The western Alps are located in Italy and France, while the eastern Alps are located in Austria, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein and Slovenia. In Switzerland, both parts.
The highest point of the western part is Mont Blanc in France (4807 m), followed by Monte Rosa (4634 m) and Matterhorn in Switzerland (4478 m) and Bernina Italo-Swiss border (4052 m). The Alps are 1000 km long and up to 250 km wide. 28.5% of the Alps are located in Austria, followed by Italy (27.2%) and France (20.7%).
View of the Alps
The Matterhorn in Switzerland is one of the most famous Alpine peaks.
The Alps have a total of 82 peaks over 4000 m, 55 of them entirely in Italy, France and Switzerland, and 27 are frontier.
Rivers and lakes
Most long rivers that flow through the Alps yin and Drava. The lakes in the Alps were formed by ancient glaciers, there are more glaciers, but they are only the tops. Most beautiful lakes in the Alps Lago di Maggiore, which comes from the course of the Po River and Lake Garda, located on the banks of the Adige River.
Climate
The climate is mountainous. The average annual rainfall in the Alps is 1450 mm.
The Alps are divided into five climatic zones, each with a different type of medium. The climate, plants and animals are different in different parts or areas of the mountain.
The area that is over 3,000 m is called the "glacial snow zone". This area, which is the coldest climate, is constantly covered with compressed snow.
Alpine tundra is located at an altitude between 2000 and 000 m 3. This zone is warmer than the Neve area. Here you can find wild flowers and herbs.
A little lower is the subalpine belt - from 1500 to 2000 m above sea level. Here the temperature slowly rises up, began to meet with fir and spruce forests.
At an altitude of approximately 1000 to 1500 m, arable land is occupied. In this area, common oak forests but also a place for agricultural production.
Below 1000 m lowland. There is a much greater variety of plants. Human settlements are also in the lowlands, because the temperature is more tolerable - both for people and animals.
Nature
The vegetation zones in the Alps gradually changed with the ascent of the mountain. The natural height limit of vegetation is determined by the main types of deciduous trees - oak, beech, ash and plane tree. They do not reach the same level, or even often come together, but their upper limit matches exactly enough to make the transition from a temperate to cold climate, which is also evidence of a change in herbaceous vegetation. This restriction is usually located at about 1200 m above sea level - at north side Alps, while the southern slopes often rise to 1500 m, sometimes even up to 1700 m.
This area is not always marked by the presence of characteristic trees. Human intervention has almost wiped them out in many areas, with the exception of beech forests on the Austrian Alps, deciduous forests are rare. In many areas where it once existed such forests have now been replaced by pines and spruces, which are less vulnerable to the destruction of goats, which are the worst enemies of such trees.
The forests are often small, squat, which in turn has been replaced by shrubs - usually rhododendron ferrugineum (on more acidic soils), or rhododendron Hirsutum (on more alkaline soils). Above them are alpine meadows, and even higher the vegetation becomes more and more sparse. In the Alps, recorded some plants over 4,000 m, including Ranunculus glacialis (buttercup type), Androsace Alpina and Saxifraga biflora.
The most common animals in the Alps are the alpine marmots. In addition, eagles, ibex, chamois, Kori crow, Alpine zavirushka, bearded vulture, brown bear, lynx, deer, wolf and tundra partridge. In the Alps there are 14 national parks, which make up about 30,000 species of animals.
Story
In 1991, a preserved mummy of a man who lived around 3300 BC was found in the Alps. In 218 BC The Carthaginian commander Hannibal launched a campaign into Gaul and the Alps with an army and war elephants to invade the Roman Empire from the north. About half of the soldiers who die during the transition period. However, Hannibal won the battle of Ticino.
In 46 / 47, the Romans built the first Roman road in the Alps - Via Claudia Augusta - Connecting Augsburg (then Augusta Castra) to Venice through the Alps, through the passage is settled. The road was wide enough for quads to pass. Many roads were built in the Alps. For the XI century, many of them were destroyed.
In the 18th century, many new roads were built to allow traders to quickly transport goods and quickly carry weapons during the Napoleonic Wars.
On May 16, 1854, the first railway line in the Alps opened - between Vienna and Graz. In 1882, the 15-mile Gotthard Tunnel was opened, through which trains from Lucerne to Milan were opened. Thus, the transit time is reduced by several days from eight to ten hours. Today, it's less than four hours by train and less than three hours by car.
On September 23, 1910, the Peruvian-French aviator Geo Chávez became the first to fly over the Alps, but crashed shortly before landing. In 1913, the Swiss Oskar Bider duplicated the field and landed successfully.
On December 24, 1934, the first modern ski elevator. The first season has been used since October by 70,000 tourists. In 1908, the first cable car was put into operation in Bolzano. In 1974 the first motorway through the Alps was completed connecting Innsbruck and Modena.
Where are the Alps located?
Map of ski resorts in France with attractions
Alps on the map of France
Detailed map of the French Alps
French Alps Map
The French Alps on the world map are located in the southeast of the country. This chain is part of the Western Alps. Geographic map french alps will show that the total length of the hills reaches 330 km. Geographically, the chain is divided into southern and northern. A detailed map of the French Alps will show that in the north there are mountain-glacial uplands. highest point region is the peak of Mont Blanc, reaching over 4.8 km. South part the chain, as the map of the French Alps will show, belongs to the Mediterranean type of landscape. Proximity to the sea determines the appropriate climate.
Map of the French Alps with attractions contains both unique natural areas, as well as architectural monuments located in resort towns. Of course, the main industry in the region is ski tourism. A map of the French Alps in Russian from Arrivo will help you navigate the resorts and slopes.
