An aircraft that carries other aircraft. Aircraft types for cargo transportation

The Airbus A300-600ST "Beluga" is far from the prettiest of aircraft, but this aircraft's unusual appearance is more than offset by its 47-ton payload and the largest cargo hold that can fit the fuselage of another aircraft. This "fat" transport aircraft is used to provide transportation between enterprises of the European aviation industry, and the name of this aircraft "Beluga" fully reflects its essence, because it is really a whale aircraft.

Official name this aircraft is Airbus A300-600ST (Super Transporter), and it is one of the most large aircraft that have ever taken to the skies. Airbus, which designed the aircraft, built the first of five such aircraft in 1994. The Beluga replaced the then obsolete Boeing Super Guppy, which Airbus used to move aircraft parts between its facilities located in different places Europe. At that time, the intensity of work Airbus enterprises was so great that the first aircraft "Beluga" had to make 60 flights a week, plying between 11 enterprises of the company.

The basis of the design of the Beluga aircraft is the design of the Airbus A300 airliner, which has been modified enough to turn this aircraft into a heavy transport aircraft. The designers simply "chopped off" the upper part of the fuselage, replacing it with a wider part resembling a bubble. The cockpit was lowered a little lower, and a lifting mechanism was installed at the front of the aircraft, which lifted up the front of the fuselage, allowing loading of the cargo compartment, with a volume of 4250 cubic meters, from the front of the aircraft.

Length Airbus aircraft The A300-600ST is 56 meters long and has a wingspan of 45 meters. The aircraft is powered by two GE CF6-80C2A8 turbojet engines, which are noticeably weaker than the P&W PW4000 engines used in the design of the original Airbus A300. But the power of two weaker engines is quite enough to lift the plane into the air, given that in most cases it carries bulky, but not very heavy loads. The dimensions of the Beluga cargo compartment allow it to carry two assembled A340 wings or the fuselage of the new A350, of course, devoid of tail.

Currently, the Beluga fleet, which has been flying for more than 20 years, is approaching the moment when the operational life of these aircraft will be completely exhausted. But the need for such aircraft did not disappear from this, and Airbus began work on converting the next five A300s into next-generation super-transporters. The first examples of these transports will begin flying in 2019, operating in parallel with the existing Airbus A300-600ST until the latter are fully retired by 2025.

Pets often travel with their owners. When transported by bus or railway transport there are no problems. But how are dogs transported on an airplane? Rules for the transportation of these animals have been established.

Can you take a dog on a plane

Air carriers do not impose bans on the transportation of pets. They set certain rules. The carriage of a dog is carried out directly in the cabin or in cargo hold. To do this, the owner must have the appropriate documents and permissions.

Important! When flying to international flights a passenger with a dog must comply with the rules for importing animals of the country of arrival.

Many states establish strict norms for the weight of an animal that is imported into their territory. Customs services require not only certificates from an international veterinarian, but also a breed certificate.

Rules for transporting dogs on an airplane and in "luggage"

To travel with your pet, you must first obtain permission from the airline from which you purchased the ticket. According to the established rules, no more than 5 animals should be on board the aircraft. It is necessary to notify the company that the passenger is flying with a pet no later than 36 hours before departure.

Note. If a traveler arrives at the airport with a pet without obtaining permission from the air carrier to transport it, he will not be allowed to board the flight.

To transport dogs in the cabin of an aircraft, the following requirements must be met:

• mandatory accompaniment of a pet by an adult;
• the weight of the animal should not exceed 8 kg;
• it must be in a special cage, container (their size should not exceed 1.15 in width, length and height).

The animal should feel comfortable in it, freely lie down or stand up to its full height.

Passengers who carry pets as " hand luggage", seated on remote places: near emergency exits or restrooms. At the same time, travelers should have a first aid kit with them. On high altitude Many animals experience discomfort and pain.

Animals weighing more than 8 kg travel in luggage compartment. To do this, you need to place them in special large containers or cages. Their size must be at least 1.55 m in width, length and height.

The passenger checks in such baggage in a special window. It is necessary to carefully check the correctness of filling out the documents for the container with the dog. It has a barcode on it. On it there is an automatic distribution of luggage. After that, the animal is placed in a special compartment with fixed trays. So it will be much easier for him to transfer the flight.

What is important to know when booking

Initially, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for transporting animals of the airline in which tickets are purchased. When booking, you must indicate that a dog is traveling with the passenger. At the same time, its weight and dimensions of the container are indicated.

Note. If the weight of the animal is 5-8 kg, you can clarify whether a soft small bag is suitable for transporting it.

You must also indicate the breed of the dog. It is worth considering that many airlines prohibit the transportation of brachycephalic dog breeds. It is better to book a place for a pet in advance, as the number of places on board for them is limited.

Before the flight, the dog must be shown to the veterinarian, who accepts directly at the airport. First you need to clarify the time of its work. You may need to arrive a few hours before departure.

Documents for transporting a dog in Russia

For transporting a pet around the territory Russian Federation certain documents are required. First - veterinary passport. It is filled in by a veterinarian after the primary vaccination.

It contains the following information:

• breed of dog;
• her color;
• nickname;
• age;
• Owner's name, address and telephone number;
• vaccination data.

Your pet must be vaccinated against rabies before flying. This disease is dangerous for humans.

Important! All vaccinations must be done no later than 30 days before departure.

On the basis of the veterinary passport, they issue veterinary certificate state sample according to the form No. 1(usually this document is called the F1 veterinary certificate). It confirms the absence of dangerous diseases in the animal.

It contains the following information:

• Name of the owner;
• route;
• the name of the pet;
• his gender and age, breed;
• vaccination dates;
• results of verification studies.

This certificate is obtained from the veterinary service.

Important! The validity of the document is 5 days from the date of issue. Therefore, it is received 1-2 days before the flight.

At the airport, the pet passes an additional veterinary control. The procedure takes 40 minutes. Some air carriers recommend that passengers go through such control a day before departure. In this way, unforeseen situations can be avoided.

Documents for taking a pet abroad

To transport an animal on international flights, you must follow the rules established by the customs service of the country of arrival. Transportation of dogs on an airplane abroad is possible only if they have international veterinary passport. Labels from vaccines that were made to the pet are pasted into it.

Initially draw up veterinary certificate of the state sample. Then it is exchanged for an international veterinary passport at the checkpoint. The document is valid for 90 days.

Note. The certificate of international standard must be kept during the trip. It will also be required when leaving a foreign country.

During the trip, the animal may get lost. Find out information about its owner helps chipping. This procedure, in which an empty capsule with a microchip is injected under the skin of a pet. He was assigned a unique number. It is read by a scanner. By this number, you can easily find out information about the owner of the animal. It is worth considering that microchipping is mandatory when traveling abroad.

Shipping cost

Transportation of an animal in the cabin of an aircraft is paid according to the rules excess baggage. Only guide dogs can fly for free. As for charter flights, the cost of transporting a pet depends on its weight. It varies between 100-200 euros.

Carry Requirements

The container for transporting the animal must be made of durable plastic. You can use a cage or a soft bag as it. The latter option is possible when transporting a pet in the cabin.

Only one dog can be in one container. It should have special windows for air access.

It has information about the dog on it. When flying abroad, it must be transferred to English language. The bottom of the container is lined with a soft cloth. An absorbent diaper is placed on top of it.

There must be a collar around the dog's neck. The leash from it is placed at the bottom of the carrier or container. During the flight it is forbidden to fasten the animal. There must be a lock on the door of the container so that the dog does not get out of it on its own.

Preparing an animal for flight

It is forbidden to feed the animal 4 hours before departure. It is also not recommended to do this during the flight. First you need to take a walk with your pet so that he goes to the toilet. It is forbidden to give him sleeping pills and sedatives. They lower the pressure. In combination with jumps in atmospheric pressure, they can cause death.

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Considering the increased need National economy in increasing passenger and freight traffic and the profitability of using high-speed lines on long-distance lines jet aircraft with a long range, OKB-23, on its own initiative, began to develop a project transport aircraft based on the mass-produced M-4 bomber. The theme received the designation - "29". 0. A. Sidorov was appointed project manager. Preliminary work on transport option M aircraft were carried out as early as 1953. During this period, the issues of basing the aircraft were considered, and the possibility of its operation from class I airfields was considered. Construction work has begun...

The proposed project provided for two versions of the aircraft: passenger and military transport. For the "29" aircraft, a number of units and systems of the M-4 bomber were used without changes: wing, plumage, power plant, control system, fuel system, hydraulic system, fire fighting and a number of others.

The systems of the aircraft had already been worked out and improved during the operation of an experimental batch of bombers and therefore had the necessary degree of reliability. The use of many units and all the main systems of the serial M-4 should have significantly reduced the time for designing and mastering the aircraft in production and operation. Turbojet engines AM-ZA (or AM-ZM) were widely used in the Air Force and were quite reliable. In the future, they were supposed to be replaced by more economical VD-7 engines, which would increase the flight range and improve economic performance. When designing an aircraft Special attention focused on ensuring the safety and comfort of the flight. The installation of engines near the fuselage made it possible to continue flying if one or even two of them failed without a significant deterioration in stability and controllability. The engines were located in special compartments equipped with fire barriers. For the aircraft, a new fuselage of increased diameter was designed, in which the cockpit and two cabins for passengers were arranged. The cargo compartments were placed in the lower part of the fuselage. Passenger compartments had reliable sealing, effective heat and sound insulation. They had to be maintained at pressure and temperature, providing comfortable flight conditions on high altitudes. To guarantee the safety of passengers, double glazing of the windows, a breakdown of the fuselage along the length into a number of separate pressurized compartments, duplication of pressurization systems, individual supply of emergency oxygen to each crew member, etc., were provided.

The results of the work carried out were recorded in the preliminary draft of the aircraft "29":

total mass of paid load, t 16-24
practical range, km 7000-5400
cruising speed, km/h 800
takeoff and run length (with braking parachute), m 1300-1400
takeoff weight, t 158-162
number of passengers, persons 80-100 (100-130)
prime cost of t/km for direct costs, rub 0.95-0.65

Prior to the development of the VD-7 engines, it was planned to produce an aircraft with AM-ZM, as the most mastered in operation. True, the flight range with these engines would be somewhat less - 4000-5500 km. To work out the layout of the aircraft, a layout of the passenger cabin compartment was built. The design of the aircraft, developed in the Design Bureau, corresponded to the level of development of modern transport aviation and met the requirements of the Civil Air Fleet for aircraft intended for long-distance lines. Economic characteristics machines, calculated according to the methodology of the Research Institute of the Civil Air Fleet, showed high efficiency of its operation on lines of any length. At the same time, a military transport version of the aircraft was also developed. The possibility of re-equipping both options for the transport of the wounded was envisaged. A large amount of work on the aircraft was carried out by Yu. P. Bobrovnikov. The design data of the aircraft "29" in March-April 1955 were presented to the MAP, Air Force and Civil Air Fleet. Based on the results of the consideration of the project, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 1561-868 of August 12, 1955 and the MAP order No. 571 of August 29 were issued, according to which OKB-23 was instructed to design and build a long-range passenger aircraft M-4P on the basis of the M-4 aircraft with four VD-7 engines. According to this Decree, the aircraft had to have the following characteristics:

The figures recorded in the Decree differed significantly from those stated in the preliminary draft. In particular, the mass of the maximum paid load increased by 6 tons and the number of passengers from 100-130 to 179-180 people. This entailed a change in the tactical and technical requirements for the aircraft. In addition, it was necessary to change the chassis layout to eliminate the operational shortcomings of the bicycle layout. For such a scheme, a large thickness of the concrete pavement was required, and most importantly, a large width of the runway and taxiway (the gauge of the M-4 underwing supports was equal to the wingspan). There were very few airfields with a large runway width and reinforced pavement at that time. As a result, a radical revision of the project was required. In accordance with the new TTT, the OKB specialists worked out a new layout of the passenger compartment and a chassis diagram, which showed that, despite significant technical difficulties, obtaining the data specified by the Decree can, in general, be ensured. However, the continuation of work on the aircraft did not follow. The Ministry of Aviation Industry, as has already happened in relation to OKB-23 more than once, relied on other "firms" and, accordingly, other aircraft. In OKB-156, work was in full swing on the Tu-114 aircraft, in OKB-153 - on the An-10 and An-12 aircraft, and MMZ "Strela" - on the Il-18. In this regard, on November 30, 1955, the Council of Ministers, by its Decree No. 1966-1055, in order to accelerate work on the creation of other passenger aircraft adapted to carry out transport and landing operations, ordered OKB-23 to stop work on the creation of the M-4P aircraft. In accordance with this Decree and the order of the MAP No. 766 of December 9, 1955, work on the 29 project was terminated.

Aircraft "29" is intended for the transportation of passengers on long lines, as well as for the transportation and landing of troops, military equipment and cargo. The aircraft is an all-metal low-wing normal scheme with a swept wing and a retractable bicycle undercarriage. The aircraft crew consists of five people: a crew commander, a flight engineer, a navigator, a radio operator and a flight engineer. In the passenger version, the crew includes a bartender and three or four flight attendants. The wing, plumage and power plant are used with minor modifications from the M-4 aircraft. The fuselage is two-deck. The cross section of the fuselage is formed by two semicircles (the diameter of the upper one is 3.7 m, the lower one is 3.5 m, the height of the fuselage is 4.6 m). The upper part of the fuselage is sealed. In its front part there is a cockpit, then there is a passenger cabin, divided into two interconnected compartments. In the lower, non-pressurized part of the fuselage, there are compartments for the main landing gear, cargo spaces, aircraft systems and equipment. Wing - cantilever, swept, caisson design. Sweep along the line 0.25 chords - 35 °. Ailerons, flaps and landing flaps are installed along the trailing edge. The ailerons are split to eliminate jamming during wing deflection. Plumage - cantilever, swept normal scheme. Elevators - split. Aircraft landing gear of a bicycle scheme. The trolley of the front support is equipped with a turning mechanism (the "raising" mechanism). To reduce tire wear, a brake parachute is installed. Power point and fuel system. The layout of the engines corresponds to the M-4 aircraft. The fuel is placed in the wing box in soft tanks. For long-range flights, additional tanks are installed in special fuselage compartments. Fuel automation is made according to the M-4 type. There is an in-flight emergency fuel drain system. aircraft systems. All major systems are duplicated. The hydraulic system consists of the main and booster. The electrical system is divided into two independent with independent power supply. Rudder and aileron control system - booster. Equipment. The aircraft is equipped with a full range of flight-navigation and radio communication equipment. The aircraft air conditioning system ensures normal physiological conditions for the crew and passengers in flight and includes devices for pressurizing and heating the passenger compartment and cockpit, as well as individual ventilation devices. Adjustment of an expense and temperature of the given air automatic. The anti-icing system is designed to prevent ice formation on the outer surfaces of the aircraft and includes: air-thermal deicers for the wing toes and empennage, engine air intakes and individual engine parts; electrothermal de-icers for pilots' glazing. Air for the system is taken from the seventh and eighth stages of engine compressors.

1. Passenger aircraft for trunk lines.
Commercial load, kg 16000
including 100 passengers 8000
baggage and cargo, kg 8000
Passengers are accommodated in two cabins. Each has a buffet and a wardrobe. The salons are equipped with comfortable armchairs five in a row. Between the salons there are four toilets. Passengers' luggage is placed in the luggage compartment. Cargo is carried in two cargo compartments on the lower deck.
2. Passenger aircraft for lines with a length of 7000-9000 km in two versions.
3. Specialized version for 30 passengers. Designed for transportation of government delegations, state and political figures.
The passenger compartment is divided into separate two- and four-seater compartments, each of which is equipped with individual lighting, ventilation, internal telephone connection, emergency oxygen supply. In addition, the aircraft has an office, a meeting room, a lounge-buffet, a kitchen and a special room for the transportation of diplomatic mail. Passenger aircraft for 45-60 people with increased comfort. It is equipped with wider seats with an increased step and a wider passage. Some of the chairs can be converted into beds.
4. Passenger aircraft for lines up to 5000 km. Commercial load up to 24,000 kg. Including 130 passengers 10400 kg baggage and cargo 13 600 kg. It differs from the main version by installing seats six in a row.
5. Cargo airplane. It can be used for transportation of heavy oversized cargo and self-propelled equipment, including cars and tractors. Cargoes are placed in three cargo rooms with a total volume of 300 cubic meters.

Designed for landing and parachute landing of troops and military equipment, as well as transportation of cargo, military equipment, troops with weapons, evacuation of the wounded. The design of the military transport aircraft is basically similar to the passenger version and is distinguished by the presence of hatches for loading and dropping equipment and paratroopers, the presence of a front loading ramp and a reinforced floor of the cargo compartment. The cabin is sealed, equipped with heating, ventilation, a device for removing exhaust gases from self-propelled equipment and emergency oxygen supply for paratroopers and the wounded. In the parachute version, you can load all types of equipment provided for by the requirements of the Airborne Forces, including 85-mm guns and GAZ-bZ vehicles. The aircraft can accommodate up to 200 paratroopers with full equipment, weapons and ammunition.

In the landing version, you can transport:

152 mm howitzer guns;
85-mm guns of the 1944 model;
57-mm guns of the 1943 model;
100-mm anti-aircraft guns KS-19;
240 mm mortar M-240;
160 mm mortar;
armored personnel carrier BTR-152;
cars ZIS-151, GAZ-bZ, GAZ-69;
tractors AT-L, AT-S;
tractor S-80
and other types of military and engineering equipment with the same dimensions and a total weight of up to 40 tons.

The aircraft can be equipped to transport 180 wounded on unified army stretchers and 15 paramedics. There is a dressing room. In the tail section of the fuselage, a remote-controlled gunnery can be installed.

A. A. Bruk, K. G. Udalov, S. G. Smirnov. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft EMZ them. V. M. Myasishcheva. Moscow, Aviko Press, 2003

Transport companies that transport goods using aviation keep a huge amount of various equipment in their fleet, which is updated in various situations. The most popular aircraft used today for these purposes in Russia are the developments of well-known design bureaus: Antonov Design Bureau, Ilyushin Design Bureau, Yakovlev Design Bureau. Also among the cargo air transport there are aircraft of foreign manufacturers, in particular, the well-known The Boeing Company and Airbus.

Characteristics of domestic cargo aircraft

Each vehicle differs in its characteristics, dimensions, carrying capacity.

• Aircraft An-12 are known for commercial loading up to 20 tons. They are used for air transportation of goods of a complex pattern: large volume, large dimensions having a lot of weight. There are known cases of transportation with their help wheeled and tracked vehicles. It is also allowed to load containers and pallets with cargo into the compartment.

• An-24 class vehicles designed for a small total load (up to 5.5 tons). They are equipped with three luggage and cargo compartments located flush with passenger compartment. An improved version of these aircraft is considered to be another Ukrainian development - An-26, which has a commercial payload capacity of 5.5 tons, is distinguished by the possibility of loading both from the ground and from the body.

• An-124-100 Ruslan is considered the most lifting aircraft on the planet, released in the series. Its loading can reach 120 tons. With it, it is convenient to send large batches of products.

Tu-154B aircraft model, one of the most popular air means ever produced Soviet aviation, is also used today for cargo transportation, allowing you to place up to 18 tons of products on board. Tu-134A class equipment, produced by the same design bureau, is designed to accommodate bulk cargo weighing up to 8.6 tons in its 2 compartments.

Yak-40K aircraft, unlike the Yak-40 version, are equipped with special cargo hatches and can be used both for multimodal transportation and for the transportation of only cargo. In the second case, their load increases to 3200 kg.

It is proposed to place cargo inside the Yak-42 in 8 containers, space for which is reserved in the front and rear cargo compartments. When dismantling the roller bed, it is possible to transport, among other things, bulky goods. One of the variants of this technique - a modification of the Yak-42D for 120 seats - is also widely used for the transport of goods. If you load this aircraft with containers, you can place up to 12.82 tons inside it, if you do not resort to special containers, less cargo will fit, only 8.6 tons.

• The Il-62 intercontinental aircraft has a carrying capacity of up to 5 tons, and there are 4 compartments for cargo. This is a proven version of technology that has proven itself over the years of operation.
• The reliable IL-76 is also in demand among customers, capable of transporting up to 48 tons of commercial cargo at a time. It is relevant for interregional transportation of bulky goods, equipment.
• Il-86 wide-body airbuses assume the placement of cargo on the lower deck, where there is a pair of cargo compartments, as well as in 3 more sectors where cargo is placed by the piece. Loading of such planes is admissible within 15 tons. IL-96-300 can also take on board up to 15 tons of commercial cargo.

Foreign developments in the service of civil aviation of the Russian Federation

The French company Airbus produces high-quality aircrafts which are in demand all over the world. Its equipment is widely used for cargo transportation, including those carried out by international postal companies and delivery services.

• Widebody Airbus A310 Considered the smallest in the world, it is capable of transporting up to 7 tons of commercial cargo at a time. Its cargo cabins can accommodate up to 10 containers, piece cargo, pallets.
• Narrow-body aircraft Airbus A319-100 (A319) for flights over short and medium distances, it accepts goods with a total weight of up to 6.8 tons for placement in the front and rear compartments, as well as in the bulk cargo compartment. The Airbus A320-200 (A320A) model, which has similar specifications and spaciousness.
• Airbus A321-100 (A321А) which is known as a modified A320, is one of the largest liners of this family, its maximum takeoff weight- 93500 kg.

American corporation Boeing Company also keeps up with the Europeans, releasing aircraft ideally suited for passenger and cargo transportation. In particular, Russian transport companies today operate the following models for the transportation of various goods:

• Boeing 737-300 (B737-300)- narrow-body liners, easily modified into cargo versions, capable of transporting 5.73 tons of commercial cargo by air.
• Boeing 767-300- airliners with a maximum load of not more than 9 tons, have 5 compartments for various types of cargo. Able to carry out flights of medium and long distances.
• Boeing 777-200- wide-body vessels for long flights, accommodating up to 18 containers in the front compartment, up to 14 in the rear, in the bulk cargo sector - piece goods, mail, luggage, up to 17 cubic meters.

The advantages of Boeings in the delivery of goods include their high degree of reliability, versatility, and the ability to carry out many hours of flights.

Ever since people learned how to design flying machines, they have been used to transport heavy and oversized cargo. During the history of aeronautics, many transport aircraft, which impress with their huge size. In today's selection, we present to your attention the 11 biggest cargo aircraft in the world.

11 PHOTOS

An-225 on this moment is the largest aircraft in the world, it has an extra large payload and can lift about 250 tons into the air. Initially, the An-225 was designed and built to carry components of the Energia launch vehicle and the Buran reusable spacecraft.

This transport aircraft is a modified version of the Boeing 747, it was built and is used exclusively for the transport of parts Boeing aircraft 787. A feature of the Dreamlifter is its unusual appearance.

The Super Guppy cargo plane was produced in five copies and today only one of them is used. It is owned by NASA and is operated to deliver bulky cargo and parts of spacecraft.

An-124 is a military heavy transport aircraft for long haul, the world's largest of all serial commercial cargo aircraft. It was designed primarily for air transportation launchers of intercontinental ballistic missiles, as well as for transporting heavy military equipment. The carrying capacity of the An-124 is 120 tons. Aircraft maintenance can only be carried out in a special hangar built for the An-124 owner company from metal structures (similar principle http://ctcholding.kz/uslugi/bystrovozvodimye-zdaniya/iz-metallokonstruktsij/promyshlenennye-zdaniya).

American military transport aircraft, the second in terms of carrying capacity after the An-124. The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy is capable of carrying six helicopters or two large tanks in its cargo hold. The total weight that the aircraft can carry is over 118 tons.

A jet cargo aircraft for the transport of bulky cargo, which was developed on the basis of the Airbus A300 series. The main purpose of creating the A300-600ST is to replace the Super Guppy transport aircraft. The name Beluga is due to the shape of the body, which resembles a beluga whale. The carrying capacity of the Beluga is 47 tons.

Soviet-made heavy transport aircraft, the largest turboprop aircraft in the world. Currently, the aircraft is used by the Russian Air Force and the Ukrainian cargo airline Antonov Airlines. The carrying capacity of the An-22 is 60 tons.

C-17 Globemaster III - one of the most common military transport aircraft US Air Force, still in use today. The aircraft is designed to transport military equipment and troops, as well as to carry out tactical missions. The carrying capacity of the C-17 is more than 76 tons.

The A400M Atlas was designed and built as an international project for the air forces of France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and several other countries. It is a four-engine turboprop aircraft with a carrying capacity of up to 37 tons.

Twin-engine military transport aircraft Air Force self-defense of Japan, created as a replacement for the Kawasaki C-1 and Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft. The carrying capacity of the C-1 is 37 and a half tons.