Presentation - natural heritage of asia. Cultural heritage of mysterious Asia

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Goals:

1. Help students to understand the social significance of the material that they have collected to create a project in the form of presentations
2. Create conditions for:

• application in research work of previously acquired knowledge, skills and abilities on the topic "World Natural and Cultural Historical Heritage";
• stimulating interest in research work by presenting the collected material for public familiarization;
• instilling love, respect, interest, respect for the world around;
• development of skills to work with the atlas, the text of the textbook, additional literature, INTERNET resources, wall maps, multimedia installation, computer;
• mastering knowledge on the topic "Asia: Natural and Cultural Historical Heritage"
• further development media skills;
• acquiring the skills to create an interesting presentation with an expression of one's attitude to work;
• acquisition of skills and abilities to create an image natural and cultural historical heritage of any region of the world;
• systematization and synthesis of the material.

Conduct form: project protection.

Equipment:

• physical map of Eurasia,
• presentations:
  « Asia: natural and cultural historical heritage. Part 1",
  « Asia: natural and cultural historical heritage. Part 2",
  « Asia: natural and cultural historical heritage. Part 3",
  « Asia: natural and cultural historical heritage. Part 4",
  « Asia: natural and cultural historical heritage. Part 5"

Literature:

1. Large Atlas of the World "Globe", Asia / Per. with him. - M: LLC "TD" Publishing House World of Books ", 2006. - 80 p.

Lesson structure

1. Organizing time.
2. Stage of acquaintance with the topic of the project, joint setting of project goals.
3. Stage of work on the main part of the project.
4. Stage of debriefing of the project.

Lesson progress

I.Organizing time.

Lead project defense:

Dear friends, guests! We are glad to see you today on our project. I really want you to get a new, interesting, necessary amount of knowledge today that would have social significance for you and help you expand your cognitive horizons.

The project is attended by students of grade 7 - the direct defenders of the project and students of grade 11 (10 people), who participate in the blitz rating to identify best projects and the best researcher.

II. Stage of acquaintance with the topic of the project, joint setting of project goals.

Lead project defense:

Today we are defending a project prepared by 7th grade students "Asia: Natural and Cultural Historical Heritage".

Research work on the project "World natural and cultural historical heritage" in parallel, the 7th grade is conducted throughout the school year. Already passed the defense in Africa, South America, Australia and Oceania.

Among the invited students of the 11th grade, who also conduct research work on the countries of the world, making presentations about them on various topics: political system, economy, recreation and tourism, population, etc.

Before proceeding to the direct defense of the project, we will find out what goals the researchers and defenders of the project set for themselves during research work on this topic "Asia: natural and cultural historical heritage"?

Sample answers:

1. Acquaintance with various latest sources of information (monographs of geographers - scientists, encyclopedias, the ability to find the necessary material on the INTERNET,
2. Be able to select the necessary material on the topic, arrange it.
3. Learn to synthesize information on a topic for a deeper understanding and development of a holistic view of it
4. Learn to use the latest ICT in project implementation.

Lead project defense:

Dear invited students of grades 11 and students of grades 7 who are not participating in the defense of the project, we ask you to become members of the expert group. After viewing the projects, you must vote for the group of researchers whose presentation of the work you liked best. To do this, you have cards on the tables on which you need to write the number of the group in the order of performance.

III . Stage of work on the main part of the project.

Presentation of projects in the form of presentations, followed by questions from the members of the expert group.

Project manager - student 7 "B" Polyansky Vladimir:

In the course "Geography is our home Earth" - grade 7 - on all continents we study the topic " The division of the mainland into natural, natural-economic and historical-cultural regions.

For a more complete and in-depth acquaintance with this topic, we use the series “Great Atlas of the World. GLOBUS”, “Geography - children's encyclopedia”, INTERNET resources, “I know the world”, on which we create presentations for this project.

The main idea that runs through the red line when viewing the Asia presentations of parts 1-5 is as follows: "Asia is the largest continent on the planet. It was in Asia that the first cities in the world were founded, writing was invented, and the origins of all world religions are located here , cultural and historical monuments of different peoples are presented.“The roof of the world”, the Land of the dawn, “golden Bengal” - this is all unique Asia.” And so, on the way to the unique and amazing places of Asia.

1. Presentation of the presentation by group No. 1 "Middle East"

Asia: natural and cultural historical heritage. Part 1".

Team leader: In our presentation is given in illustrations a brief description of the history of Asia, starting with the clay army of the emperor of the whole Celestial Empire, Shi-Huangdi. We will talk about the holy city of Jerusalem, Persepolis - the city of the symbol of power of the first Persian kingdom of the Achaemenids, Mecca - the birthplace of Mohammed and much more from the natural and cultural historical heritage of the countries of the Middle East or Asia Minor.

(Showing a presentation Asia: natural and cultural heritage (part 1) ).

Lead project defense:

(For example:

1. What source of information did you use in your work?
2. What difficulties did you encounter in preparing the presentation?
3. Did you use the INTERNET?
4. Which countries are in the Middle East?

2. Presentation of the presentation by group No. 2 "Faces of Asia"

).

Team leader: In our work, we will talk about the people of Asia. More than half of its population lives on the largest part of the Earth. Ethnic diversity and centuries-old traditions reflect unique look Asia. Deserted deserts and steppes Arabian Peninsula And Central Asia oppose cities with a million inhabitants in the east and southeast of the continent - in India, China or Japan. Hundreds of ethnic groups, countless languages ​​and dialects, as well as various traditions and customs leave their mark on the appearance of this vast part of the Earth.

(Showing a presentation Asia: natural and cultural heritage (part 2) ).

Lead project defense: Dear members of the expert group, ask your questions about the project.

(For example:

1. How many people live in Asia?
2. What encyclopedia did you use when collecting material?
3. What ethnic groups live in Asia?

3. Presentation of the presentation by group No. 3 "Religions of Asia"

.

Team leader: Golden temples, imposing pagodas, impressive rock shrines, proud minarets and magnificent mosques - nowhere is there such a diverse and religious life as in Asia. The giant continent is the cradle of the great world religions.

Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Hinduism or Brahmanism, Buddhism or Chinese and Japanese religions such as Taoism and Shinto all have their origins in various parts of Asia and have spread as a result of trade routes throughout the continent and far beyond. For people living between the Arabian Peninsula and Japan, the diversity of forms of religion remains the main component of culture and life. This is evidenced by the grandiose buildings and temple complexes - the centers of ancient, at the same time, living traditions, as well as numerous holidays. They are both a place of vast knowledge and a place of deep reverence.

Presentation is shown Asia: natural and cultural heritage (part 3) .

Lead project defense: Dear members of the expert group, ask your questions about the project.

(For example:

1. What types of religions are practiced in China?
2. What are the national religions?
3. What religious temples can you name?)

4. Presentation of the presentation by group No. 4 "Central and East Asia»

Asia: natural and cultural heritage (part 3) .

Team leader: The highest mountains in the world are the Himalayas, the wettest place in the world is the village of Cherrapunji, the longest construction by human hands is the Great Wall of China, which is visible from space. The fastest growing chinese city Shanghai, one of the tallest TV towers in the world in the Pudong district of Shanghai, a stadium in Pyongyang that can accommodate 100,000 people, a granite sculpture of a seated Buddha 3.4 meters high in cave temple Seokguram in South Korea are all Central and East Asia.

Presentation is shown Asia: natural and cultural heritage (part 4) .

Lead project defense: Dear members of the expert group, ask your questions about the project.

(For example:

1. Can you show the Himalayas on the map?
2. Which country has the wettest place in the world?
3. In which computer program presentation in progress?

5. Presentation of the presentation by group No. 5 “Country rising sun and southeast Asia »

Asia: natural and cultural heritage (part 3) .

Team leader: Unique cultural and historical monuments and amazing landscapes in Japan can be found everywhere. The capital city of Tokyo and the metropolis of Osaka are considered centers of tourism. Osaka is the starting point for excursions to the ancient city of Kyoto, home to countless Buddhist and Shinto buildings. Southeast Asia is the "golden triangle" where the borders of Myanmar, Thailand and Laos converge - for a long time one of the most "opium" territories. The drug trade finances the fight against the military regime in Myanmar.

The Asian region is in crisis. Predatory capitalism, with its ruthless exploitation of man and nature and risky investments, is devouring its own children. The once booming national economy survives on foreign loans.

Presentation is shown Asia: natural and cultural heritage (part 5) .

Lead project defense: Dear members of the expert group, ask your questions about the project.

(For example:

1. What is the name of the Japanese volcano located above Lake Kawaguchi?
2. Which countries are called the "Asian Tigers"?
3. What is the main food of Southeast Asians?

Lead project defense:

It's time to take stock of the defense of the project. I ask the members of the expert group to make their choice.

(On the card, the members of the expert group enter the numbers of the best groups that made presentations and the names of the researchers who answered the questions better and hand them over to the assistant presenter for counting votes);

• during the counting of votes, members of the expert group express their attitude to the event.
• summing up the results of the blitz rating and awarding the winners.

IV. The stage of summarizing the creation of the project

Lead project defense:

The work on creating a project does not end there, because. we want to know about the world, if not everything, then as much as possible, and this will require the continuation of research work from the next academic year on the topic “Knowledge of Russia”.

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1. Geographical heritage of Asia. Ancient Asian Civilizations

Ancient Asian civilizations and their religious foundations. "Cultural Worlds" Overseas Asia- Indian, Arabic-Islamic, Chinese, etc. Geographical heritage and traditional types of agrarian economy: great river civilizations, irrigated and terraced agriculture, farming in oases, distant pasture cattle breeding.

Key words and expressions: geographical heritage, Great river civilizations, irrigated and terraced agriculture, oasis, transhumance.

Geographic nomenclature . Palestine is the birthplace of Christianity and Judaism.

countries, from large area irrigated land : India, China, (USA), Pakistan.

2. Natural resource potential of Foreign Asia and problems of its use

The natural resource potential of Foreign Asia and its main features: a huge value, big variety, territorial combinations of resources, concentration within only a few countries. Mineral resources of foreign Asia, having global importance: fuel (oil, natural gas, coal, metal ores - tin, tungsten, etc.). Other types of resources (graphite, antimony). The world's largest land resources; a high share of cultivated, as well as land unsuitable for agriculture, and a low share of forests. Specificity of agro-climatic resources; a small proportion of land receiving sufficient heat and moisture. Features of the placement of forest, water and recreational resources. High degree of territorial concentration natural resources within several regions and countries.

Keywords and expressions : a huge amount of natural resource potential (NRP), mineral, agro-climatic, forest, water and recreational resources, territorial concentration of natural resources.

Geographic nomenclature . Foreign Asian countries with the largest resources fresh water: China, Indonesia, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar.

Countries of Foreign Asia with the largest forest resources: Indonesia, China, India, Myanmar.

Coastal tourism countries: Turkey, Malaysia, Thailand.

3. "Asian type" of the population

The main features of the population of Foreign Asia: the maximum number, sharp contrasts in distribution, low level and high rates of development of urbanization, the "motley" composition of the population (racial, ethnic, religious, etc.), the largest in terms of migration. Maintaining the highest absolute population growth. A high degree of population concentration in only a few areas (valleys of large rivers and large plains). Sharp contrasts in population density between individual countries. Asia is the "global village"; a low proportion of city dwellers and a maximum number of rural dwellers; "survivability" of the rural way of life. Rapid urbanization and rapid growth of giant cities and urban agglomerations. Motley ethnic composition; features of the placement of the largest nations. The predominance of multinational countries; uninational countries of Asia. The predominance of the male population and its causes.

Keywords and expressions : "Asian type" of the population, uneven distribution of the population, "global village", urbanization, urban agglomeration, multinational and one-national countries.

Geographic nomenclature . Countries with the highest population growth rates: UAE, Qatar, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Oman.

Countries with the highest population density: Singapore, Bahrain, Maldives, Bangladesh, Republic of Korea.

Countries with the lowest population density: Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Oman.

Largest cities: Mumbai, Shanghai, Seoul, Delhi, Karachi, Istanbul, Jakarta, Beijing, Tokyo.

The largest urban agglomerations: Tokyo, Mumbai, Delhi, Shanghai, Kolkata, Jakarta.

Most multinational countries: India, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Vietnam.

Countries with the highest absolute male predominance: China, India.

Countries with the highest relative male predominance: UAE, Qatar.

Practical work.Spatial pattern of population distribution.

Compare the population distribution pattern of Asia and foreign Europe. What factors determine it?

Target: the formation of skills for analyzing and evaluating different territories in terms of the influence of various factors on the spatial pattern of population distribution. Ability to make comparative analysis.

4. Foreign Asia in the world economy

The specifics of the position of Foreign Asia in the world economy is determined by its huge resource potential, consistently high economic growth rates, and the largest production volume. The contradictory Asian economy: a combination of traditional and the most modern production. Low overall level of economic development; the remaining raw material specialization of the economies of most countries; their "immature" territorial structure of the economy. Contrasts in level economic development individual countries of the region. Features of the structure of the economy. The place of the countries of the region in the system of international economic relations; a special role in foreign trade in goods and in the labor market. Models of socio-economic development of Asian countries: Japanese (East Asian), socialist, Chinese, oil exporting countries.

Keywords and expressions: raw material specialization of the economy, "immature" territorial structure of the economy, models of socio-economic development.

Geographic nomenclature. Foreign Asian countries with largest sizes economy: China, Japan, India, Republic of Korea, Indonesia.

Countries of Foreign Asia with a noticeable predominance in the economy of agricultural production: Afghanistan, Myanmar, Bhutan.

Countries of Foreign Asia with a noticeable predominance in the economy of industrial production : UAE, Bahrain, Brunei.

5. Geographical space of Overseas Asia

Factors in the formation of the economic space of Foreign Asia: the colonial past, the predominance of economic ties with the former metropolises, until recently, weak mutual foreign economic contacts. Lack of a single economic space. A special role in the economy of the largest countries (China, India and Japan), oil-producing and newly industrialized countries. Geographical sub-regions of Foreign Asia and factors of their formation (geographic location, natural resource potential, features of historical development, socio-cultural features, economic development strategy).

Keywords and expressions Keywords: geographic sub-region, "buffer" and "nodal" geographic location, newly industrialized countries, subcontinent, oil exporting countries, USSR.

Geographic nomenclature . Geographical sub-regions of Overseas Asia: East, Southeast, South and Southwest Asia, Asian countries CIS.

East Asia.

The largest sub-region, the most powerful resource and economic potential, great geopolitical weight, traditions of Buddhism and local ethnic religions.

6. Socio-economic development of China

Dynamic social and economic development of China in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The transformation of China into the "construction site" and "factory" of the world. Changes in the structure of the Chinese economy. Standards of living. Factors of dynamic development of China: geographical, demographic, economic and political. Spatial pattern of the distribution of the population and economy of the country: the leading role eastern regions, development of the western territories. The role of special economic zones. Special administrative regions Hong Kong and Macao.

Keywords and expressions : dynamic development, gross domestic product, economic structure, standard of living, natural and labor resources, special economic zones.

Geographic nomenclature . Eastern and Western regions of China. Special Administrative Regions : Hong Kong and Macao.

7. Japan's "economic miracle"

The development of the economy of Japan in the first post-war years. The components of the "economic miracle": high rates of economic development, progressive shifts in the structure of the economy, the development of knowledge-intensive industries, strengthening positions in the system of international economic relations. The main factors of the "economic miracle": flexible state economic policy, growth in labor productivity, high qualifications and traditional hard work of the workforce, low military spending, favorable foreign economic conditions. Changing models of the country's economic development. Priority development of the manufacturing industry in the 50s - 70s. 20th century The development of knowledge-intensive industries and services in the late twentieth century. and the development of high technologies and scientific and technical potential at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Features of the distribution of the population and economy: the leading role of the Pacific industrial belt, the regions of Japan; the dominant position of the Center and its three economic regions (Kanto, Kinki and Tokai).

Keywords and expressions : "economic miracle", economic development model, Pacific industrial belt.s

Geographic nomenclature. Pacific Industrial Belt.

Geographic regions of the country : Center, Southwest, North.

Leading economic regions of the country and their main centers: Kanto (Tokyo). Kinki (Osaka), Tokai (Nagoya).

9. The Republic of Korea is a new industrial state

The split of Korea into two states after World War II. Various ways of socio-economic development of the DPRK and the Republic of Korea. Modern Republic Korea is an advanced new industrial country; modern structure of the economy and exports. International industrial specialization: automotive industry, shipbuilding, electronics, etc. A special role in the economy of the main economic centers - Seoul and Busan. Human potential as the main resource for the development of the country. Peculiarities of reproduction and distribution of the population.

Keywords and expressions : Two states - two worlds, industrialization, new industrial country, industrial region, industrial center, human development index (HDI), human potential.

Geographic nomenclature . East Asia. Korean peninsula. DPRK.

Seoul and Busan are the main economic centers of the country.

South Asia.

South Asia as a subcontinent, the specifics of the composition of countries, the peculiarities of natural conditions, the specifics of the large population and its low standard of living, internal and interstate problems and conflicts.

8. India is the most multiethnic country in the world

India's place in the modern world. Features of the geographical location and its influence on the formation of the country's population. Modern complex ethnic composition of the population; the predominance of large Indo-European and Dravidian peoples. The diversity of state languages ​​and its causes. Federative territorial - state structure of India. Religion in the life of Indians, its influence on the reproduction and lifestyle of the population. The main religions of India are Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism.

Keywords and expressions : official language, Sanskrit language, territorial-state structure, complex ethnic composition, Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism.

Geographic nomenclature . South Asia.

Great rivers of India : Indus and Ganges. The largest peoples of India: Hindustanis, Bengalis, Punjabis, Biharis.

Largest states in India: Uttar Pradesh, Andhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal.

Southwest Asia

The “nodal” geographical position, the richest resources of oil and natural gas, the acute and long-term Middle East conflict, oil exporting countries, Turkey as a new industrial country.

10. Turkey - geographical location and socio-economic development of the country

"Nodal" geographical position of Turkey. The territory of the country as a sphere of geopolitical interests of major powers. The formation of the Turkish ethnos and the influence of geographical location. Industrialization and the transformation of Turkey into a new industrial state. The place of Turkey in the system of international economic relations and the branch of its international specialization (labor emigration, contract construction work, traditional and modern industrial products, international tourism). Structure and location of agriculture and industry; place of their products in the country's exports. Spatial pattern of the distribution of the population and economy; historical leading role western regions and especially Istanbul. Development international tourism; main tourist centers of the country.

Keywords and expressions : nodal geographic location, neighborhood, sphere of geopolitical interests, industrialization, new industrial country, branch of international specialization, labor emigration.

Geographic nomenclature . Southwest Asia. Ottoman Empire. Istanbul – The largest city and leading economic center of the country. Antalya- the main resort of the country.

11. Southeast Asia. Indonesia is the largest Island state peace"Buffer" geographical position between East and South Asia and their socio-cultural and economic influence.

Indonesia is an archipelago country. Influence insular position on the peculiarities of settlement and development of the territory of the country. The uniqueness of the state Indonesian language. The largest Islamic power in the world. Sharp contrasts in population density. Traditional types of economy on the islands of Indonesia: agriculture, mining and logging, plantation and oil farming. Industrialization and development of modern industrial production in mechanical engineering and the chemical industry. Foreign investment and the creation of the aviation and automotive industries, as well as electronics. Development of tourism. Extreme uneven distribution of population and economy; leading role of the island of Java.

Keywords and expressions : country - archipelago, state (official) language, country - exporter of oil, new industrial country, sectoral structure of the economy, branches of international specialization of the economy.

Geographic nomenclature . Southeast Asia. Java island- the main area of ​​concentration of the population and economy of the country. Bali island- important tourist centre countries.

12. Asian countries of the CIS.

Kazakhstan is the "key" country of Central Asia.

Formation of the national economy of the CIS countries after the collapse of the USSR, problems and development prospects.

Kazakhstan is part of Russia and the USSR. The current geographical position of the republic. The specificity of the natural resource potential: difficult conditions for the development of agriculture, the richest mineral resources (fuel, metal ores, phosphorites). Contrasts in population density. The multinational nature of the population; the predominance of Kazakhs and Russians. Bilingualism in Kazakhstan: Kazakh as the state language and Russian as the language of interethnic communication. The economy of modern Kazakhstan and its three main industries: mining and heavy industry, agriculture. The main types of extracted mineral raw materials: oil, coal, iron and other metal ores; the geography of their extraction. The electric power industry and metallurgy are the basis of the country's heavy industry. Agricultural specialization: production of grain, meat and wool. Economic regions Kazakhstan: their natural resource potential and specialization of the economy (West, Center, North, East and South).

Keywords and expressions : geographical location, natural resource potential, state (official) language, language of interethnic communication, virgin lands, economic regions of the country.

Geographic nomenclature . Asian CIS countries.

Coal basins: Karaganda, Ekibastuz. Economic regions: West, Center, North, East and South. Largest cities : Astana (capital), Alma _ Ata, Karaganda, Shimkent. Baikonur Cosmodrome

Practical work.

1. Characteristics of one of the Asian countries:

"Brunei: the nature of wealth and poverty",

"Korea - one people, two countries",

“The Japanese have an oriental mentality. How it is formed, how it affects economic features countries"

Target: Problematic presentation of educational material on the compilation of country profiles. Presentation in the form of a media composition.

2. Work with contour map – geographical image of one of the sub-regions of Asia.

America - New World

1. Geography of pre-Columbian America

Ancient population America - Indians; their languages ​​and traditional economies. States of the Incas, Aztecs and Maya. "Maize" (corn) civilization. Other types of agriculture and animal husbandry among the Indians. Specific types of farming are the breeding of llamas and "chinampas" (floating plots of land). Population and economy of territories outside the Indian states. Features of the population and economy of the Amazon and Patagonia.

Keywords and expressions : external migrations of the population, isolated development, Indians, Incas, Aztecs, Maya, "maize" civilization, "chinampas".

Geographic nomenclature. "Bering bridge". Alaska Peninsula, island Tierra del Fuego. Areas of America: Amazonia and Patagonia.

2. Economic development of America in the era of colonization

Features of the European colonization of America; its main steps. 15th-16th centuries - the era of robbery of the occupied territories. 17th - 18th centuries - the period of formation of the plantation economy; cultivation of sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, natural rubber, etc.; latifundia - large landowner farms. 19th century – active development of inland territories in the USA and Canada (“internal colonization”); development of farming agriculture in North America. Different paths of development of Anglo-America and Latin America. Anglo-America: the rapid development of commercial farming and rapid industrialization. Latin America: preservation of the traditional plantation economy and latifundia, development of mining.

Keywords and expressions : colonization, plantation economy, latifundia, "internal colonization". Farm type of agriculture, industrialization.

Geographic nomenclature . "New World". Anglo-America and Latin America.

Practical work. Natural resource potential of Anglo-America. Estimated characteristics of the composition, power and geography of natural resources as a basis for the economic development of the subregion.

3. New population of America

The difficult fate of the Indian peoples in the era of colonization; displacement from the best lands and mass destruction. Solving the labor problem on American plantations; geography of the slave trade. Mass European immigration in the XVIII - XIX centuries. The formation of specific racial population groups - Creoles, mestizos, mulattos and sambo. The mixed racial composition of the population of many countries in the region; America is a symbiosis of cultures.

Keywords and expressions : slave trade, Indians, Creoles, mestizos, Sambo mulattoes.

Geographic nomenclature . Islands of the Caribbean (including Haiti- the location of the first caravan of slaves). Country specific racial immigration in America Brazil, Argentina, USA.

4. Geography of the cultures of modern America

Cultural and geographical appearance of modern America and its features: formation in the era of mass European colonization, great diversity racial composition population, the formation of nations in the countries of America. The concept of cultural - geographical sub-region; its main features (racial, ethnic and religious composition population). Cultural - geographical sub-regions of modern America: North, Mountain (Andean) belt, West - Indies, "Guiana Triangle", South - East, Greenland.

Keywords and expressions : cultural-geographical sub-regions

Geographic nomenclature . Cultural - geographical sub-regions of America: North, Mountain (Andean) belt, West Indies, Guiana Triangle, South East, Greenland.

5. Industrialization in Latin America

Industrialization in Latin America in the second half of the twentieth century. Industrialization models - import-substituting and export-oriented; their main features. Reasons for changing development models; advantages of export orientation. "Screwdriver" (assembly) production in the border regions of Mexico with the United States. The structure and location of the economy of Latin America in the conditions of industrialization. Modernization of the industrial structure; priority development of mechanical engineering and chemical industries. A high degree of concentration of industry in the main industrial centers of the region.

Keywords and expressions : industrialization, import-substituting and export-oriented models of economic development, "screwdriver" (assembly) production.

Geographic nomenclature . Leading industrial countries of Latin America: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina.

The main industrial centers of Latin America: Sao Paulo, Mexico City, Buenos Aires.

Practical work. OSH Latin America and selected countries???

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Presentation - Natural Heritage of Asia

The text of this presentation

Natural heritage of Asia
Geography course Grade 10 Berdyugina Victoria Nikolaevna, teacher of geography and biology, MBOU Sarasinsky secondary school of the Altai region of the Altai Territory s. Sarasa 2014

Japan
Yaku - Japanese island, 60 km south of the island Kyushu. It is an irregular pentagon with an area of ​​503 km². The highest point is 1935 m above sea level. Most of the island is covered by rainforest. The sugi tree is widespread. Rich fauna including deer and monkeys, picturesque mountains and waterfalls, thermal springs.

Shirakami-Santi (" mountain lands white god") - a mountain reserve that combines virgin deciduous (mainly beech) forests in the north of the Japanese island of Honshu with an area of ​​​​1300 square meters. km. Fishing and hunting in these protected forests is possible only with the special permission of the authorities. In the forests of Honshu, you can find black bear, serau mountain goat and 87 species of birds.

Shiretoko is a peninsula in the east of the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The name of the peninsula comes from the language of the Ainu people and means "end of the earth. From the eastern tip of the peninsula, the island of Kunashir is clearly visible. It is one of the least populated and cultivated areas in Japan.

Bonin Islands or Ogasawara Islands - a group of more than 40 islands located between Mariana Islands and Japan. It is part of Tokyo.

Fujiyama, Fuji is an active stratovolcano on the Japanese island of Honshu, 90 kilometers southwest of Tokyo. The height of the mountain is 3776 m (the highest in Japan). Currently, the volcano is considered weakly active, last eruption was in 1707-1708. The mountain has an almost perfect conical shape and is considered sacred, serves as an object of tourism, as well as religious pilgrimage for Buddhist and Shinto cults. Fuji has been a popular subject in Japanese art for centuries. Today there is a Shinto shrine on Mount Fuji. Postal office and weather station.

Turkey
Goreme National Park - museum under open sky in Turkey. The national park covers an area of ​​300 km². The area of ​​the park includes 6 churches and many monastic buildings.

Cappadocia ("Country beautiful horses») - historical name areas in the east of Asia Minor on the territory of modern Turkey, used from antiquity until the present day. It is characterized by an extremely interesting landscape of volcanic origin, underground cities created in 1000 BC. e. and extensive cave monasteries, leading its history from the time of the early Christians.

Sri Lanka
Sinharaja is a national park located in the southwestern part of Sri Lanka. It is the only tropical forest tree in the country. The landscape is a series of valleys and ridges. 60% of tree species are endemic and many of them are rare species. Inhabits many rare birds, butterflies, reptiles and mammals. Among them are the Indian elephant, leopard, Ceylon azure magpie, Ceylon starling, python. There are 21 species of endemic birds and several rare insects, reptiles and amphibians in the national park. The name of the park literally means "lion" (sinha) and "king" (raja).

Highlands of Central Sri Lanka - mountain forests in the south-central part of the island. Forests located at an altitude of up to 2500 meters above sea level are distinguished by high biological diversity and a high level of endemism.

Philippines
Tubbataha Reef is a protected area and marine natural park in the Philippines, located in the central part of the Sulu Sea. The marine and bird sanctuary consists of two large atolls (named North and South) and a reef. North Atoll is a nesting site for many species of birds and sea turtles (biss and green). The park is an example of a pristine coral reef with a 100m perpendicular coral wall, an extensive lagoon and two coral islands. It is the center of marine biodiversity; it is home to 75% of the described coral species and 40% of the world's reef fish. It is home to at least 600 fish species, 360 coral species, 11 shark species, 13 dolphin and whale species, and 100 bird species.

Puerto Princesa Underground River is a national park on about. Palawan. The park is located in the karst development zone. This river flows underground, in a cave, towards the South China Sea. Its length is about 8 km. The cave has several large halls.

Thailand
Khao Yai is a national park. the first in the country, created on September 18, 1962. important role in its creation. It covers an area of ​​2.168 square kilometers, including evergreen forests and grasslands. Altitude ranges from 400 to 1000 m above sea level. There are 3,000 plant species, 320 bird species, and 67 mammal species in the park, including the Himalayan bear, Indian elephant, gaur, tigers, gibbons, Indian muntjac deer, and wild pigs. Numerous waterfalls.

Nepal
Chomolungma (Tib.), Everest (English), Sagarmatha (Nepalese) (8848 m) - the highest peak of the Earth. Located in the Himalayas, in the Mahalangur-Himal range. The southern peak (8760 m) lies on the border of Nepal and the Tibetan autonomous region(China), the Northern (main) peak (8848 m) is located in China.

Sagarmatha National Park is located in the Himalayas in Nepal, northeast of the capital Kathmandu. The territory occupies 1148 km² of the ecological zone of the Himalayas. The park consists mainly of rugged rugged lands and gorges of the Upper Himalayas. The height of the territories ranges from 2845 m (Mongeo) to 8848 m (Mount Chomolungma) above sea level.

Chitwan National Park is a national park. It is located 200 km from the capital Kathmandu. Until 1973, the park was a favorite hunting ground for Nepalese kings. In 1973, it was declared a protected area, the first of Nepal's national parks.

Mongolia
The Ubsunur basin is the water basin of Lake Ubsu-Nur, the northernmost large closed water basin in Central Asia. The length of the Ubsunur basin from north to south is 160 km, and from west to east 600 km.

Malaysia
Kinabalu is the fourth highest mountain in Southeast Asia, with a height of 4095 meters. A very young, in geological time scale, mountain. It continues to rise at a rate of about five millimeters per year. Built with granite. On the formation of relief big influence caused glaciation.

China
Huangshan ("Yellow Mountains") is a mountain range in Anhui Province in eastern China (about 300 kilometers southwest of Shanghai). The area is known for its granite cliffs covered with pine trees, praised by Chinese artists and poets.

Huanglong (“Yellow Dragon”) is a picturesque protected area, famous for its travertine terraces (from calcareous tuff), numerous lakes, of various colors and shapes. It is located in the highlands in the northwest of Sichuan province. The reserve is home to a number of rare animals such as the giant panda and the golden snub-nosed monkey.

Jiuzhaigou National Park ("Valley of Nine Villages") is a nature reserve in the north of Sichuan province in central China. Known for its multi-level waterfalls and colored lakes.

Wulingyuan - part mountain system Wulingshan is located in the northwest of Hunan province in China. As a result of the weathering of sandstones and limestones, about 3000 peaks and cliffs of the most bizarre shapes were formed. They are separated by deep gorges with rivers, lakes and waterfalls; there are two natural bridges and about 40 caves. The mountains are home to a number of endangered plant and animal species.

"Three Parallel Rivers" is a national park in China, located in the northwest of Yunnan province. On the territory of the park there are the upper reaches of the three largest rivers in Asia: the Yangtze, the Mekong and the Salween, which flow in gorges up to 3,000 m deep. In this section, the rivers flow almost parallel from north to south. After turning the Yangtze to the north, it flows through the famous Leaping Tiger Gorge. It grows over 6,000 species, or about 20% of all rare and valuable plants in China. Also, more than 25% of all species of the PRC fauna live here.

Reserves giant panda- a complex of 7 reserves and 9 parks in the Chinese province of Sichuan. More than a third of the world's population of the rarest giant panda lives in the reserves, as well as the red panda, snow leopard and clouded leopard. In addition, 5-6 thousand plant species grow in the region.

South China Karst - located in southern provinces China. This area is known for its karst topography and biodiversity.

Mount Sanqingshan or Mount Sanqing is a mountain and a national park of the same name in the Chinese province of Jiangxi. The main attraction of the area are picturesque groups of granite rocks in the middle of a dense forest.

Kyrgyzstan
Sulaiman-Too is a sacred mountain in Osh. It is a five-domed calcareous remnant, elongated from west to east. Its length is more than 1140 m, width - 560 m. Since ancient times it had a sacred meaning, as evidenced by the preserved petroglyphs. On the slope of the mountain there is a museum of its history.

Kazakhstan
Saryarka - Steppes and lakes of Northern Kazakhstan - the first natural object world heritage in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The object consists of two nature reserves located in the steppe zone. The site includes two groups of fresh and salt water lakes, which are important stopping points for millions of migratory birds. These wetlands support populations of globally threatened species such as Siberian Crane, pink flamingo, white-tailed eagle, duck, curly pelican.

Yemen
Socotra is an archipelago from four islands and two rocks in Indian Ocean off the coast of Somalia, about 350 km south of the Arabian Peninsula. Composed mainly of crystalline rocks. It is one of the world's most isolated archipelagos of continental origin.

Socotro's dragon tree

Indonesia
Komodo National Park is a national park. Founded in 1980 to protect the Komodo dragon, the largest lizard in the world, which can reach three meters or more in length and weigh over 70 kg. The lizard was first discovered by Van Stein in 1911. Komodo National Park has been selected as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature.

Lorenz is a national park in the Indonesian province of Papua. Is the biggest protected area in Southeast Asia.

Virgin wet- rainforests Sumatra is a tropical rainforest on the island of Sumatra with an area of ​​​​2.5 million hectares, which is under threat. Due to the risk posed by poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment and road construction plans through the site, the forests have been inscribed on the World Heritage List.

India
Kaziranga National Park - founded in 1905. The park has beautiful tropical forests, rivers, magnificent meadows. It is home to the world's largest population of one-horned rhinoceros. In total, there are more than 30 species of mammals in the park, 15 of which are endangered in the world.

Keoladeo is a national park. The park is home to many rare and endangered bird species that migrate here during the winter. It is of interest to both tourists and ornithologists.
Indian beaks

The Manas National Park is home to a rare species of golden langur and a significant population of tigers. It has a rich and varied avifauna. Its main attraction is a large hornbill.

Nanda Devi is a national park located at an altitude of over 3500 m. Rare species have survived in the wild - blue sheep, snow leopard, black bear, some sunbirds. Another part of the national park is glaciers located at an altitude above 6000 m.

One of the attractions of the park is the Skeleton Lake - a small alpine glacial lake in the Himalayas.

Valley of Flowers is a national park located in the Western Himalayas high in the mountains, famous for its meadows with flowers of extraordinary beauty.

Vietnam
Halong Bay ("where the dragon descended into the sea") - includes more than 3,000 islands, as well as small rocks, cliffs and caves. Both ground and undersea world characterized by high biodiversity. According to legend, Ha Long Island was created by a large dragon. He always lived in the mountains, but when he went out, he hollowed out valleys and hollows of various shapes with his tail. After he plunged into the sea, the places dug out by his tail filled with water, and only small islands of land remained. To this day, locals say that a dragon lives in the bay.

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