Scotland map in Russian. Map of the administrative divisions of England. Political geography of Scotland

Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. satellite map Scotland shows that the state is located in the north of the island of Great Britain and has land border with England. The country also occupies the Shetland, Hebrides and Orkney Islands. The area of ​​the country is 78,772 sq. km.

There are only 6 cities in Scotland - Edinburgh (capital), Glasgow, Aberdeen, Stirling, Dundee and Inverness. The country's economy is based on industry (space, aircraft, automobiles), energy, tourism and mining.

The symbols of Scotland are the thistle, the bagpipe, the tartan and the unicorn.

Mount Ben Nevis

Brief history of Scotland

In 843 the Scottish kingdom was formed. In 1066, England was conquered by the Normans, who began to distribute Scottish lands. This marked the beginning of constant wars between England and Scotland for independence.

In 1174, Scotland lost its independence as a result of the war. In 1189, Richard the Lionheart, who needed money for the crusades, returned the country's independence. In 1292, John Balliol began to rule in Scotland, who recognized himself as a vassal of the English king Edward I. In 1295 he opposed the king, and in 1296 Scotland was conquered, and Edward I became king of England and Scotland. In 1314, Robert the Bruce was able to defeat Edward I and restored the country's independence. In 1371, the Stuart dynasty began to rule in Scotland.

Edinburgh castle

In 1603, King James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne and began to rule as James I. In 1707, the "Act of Union" between Scotland and England was signed, which established the Kingdom of Great Britain and eliminated the Scottish Parliament. In 1999, the Scottish Parliament was restored.

A referendum on Scottish independence is planned for 2014.

Urquhart Castle, located on the shores of Loch Ness, where, according to legend, the monster Nessie lives

Sights of Scotland

On a detailed satellite map of Scotland, you can see such natural attractions as Mount Ben Nevis, the Hebrides, the Isles of Arran and Mull, the Glencoe Valley, Loch Ness (Nessie's habitat) and Loch Lomond.

Dunvegan Castle, which became the ancestral castle of "Highlander" Duncan MacLeod

Scotland has a huge number of castles. Worth seeing are Edinburgh Castle, Eilean Donan Castle, Balmoral, Stirling Castle, Cullin, Urquhart, Glams, Dunnottar, Inverary, Blair and Dunvegan Castles. Also in Scotland it is worth visiting Holyroodhouse Palace, Andrian's Wall, five galleries and the Royal Mile in Edinburgh, caves on the island of Staffa and National Museum Scotland.

3.8k (61 per week)

Scotland on the world map

Geographically, Scotland belongs to the Eurasian continent and, at the same time, is located on the British Isles, which are separated from the continent by 33 kilometers. Scotland accounts for one third of Great Britain, and its northern part. The country also includes about 800 large and small islands located in the water area. by the most famous islands Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland are considered. Each of them differs in relief, vegetation and climatic features, most big Island- Lewis and Harris with an area of ​​2.2 thousand square kilometers.
Scotland has a land border of 95 km only with England. Scotland is separated from Ireland by the Northern Channel, the width of which at its narrowest point is 30 km. Scotland's nearest neighbors are Norway, located 300 km away, Iceland - 704 km and Faroe islands- 270 km. In the west and north, Scotland is washed by the waters of the Atlantic, thanks to which the air ocean masses provide the region with a temperate maritime climate.
The length of Scotland along the mainland coastline is 9911 km, but if you add islands here, then in total the Scottish coast will be 16.5 thousand km. If you look at a map of Scotland, you can see how indented the west coast of the country is due to the presence a large number peninsulas and numerous bays, which, upon closer inspection, vaguely resemble fjords. In the East, the coast is outlined more smoothly; this region is characterized by stretching for many kilometers sandy beaches, which are called mahirs due to the fact that they are almost completely covered with dune vegetation, grass and small shrubs. This coastal specificity appeared due to sharp decline sea ​​water level.

Political geography of Scotland

The modern territory of mainland Scotland has not changed since 1237, when the area of ​​​​its territory and borders were legalized by two treaties: York, the parties to which were England and Scotland and Perth (1266), concluded between Norway and Scotland. After that, changes in the territory of the country were associated with the transfer of the Isle of Man to the British and the annexation in 1472 of the once Norwegian islands of Orkney and Shetland. In addition, in 1482 the city of Berwick-upon-Tweed became part of England thanks to the monarch Richard III.
Throughout its history and until 1707, Scotland was an independent state, and only after the signing of the "Act of Union" did it become part of the Kingdom of Great Britain. From 1889 to 1975, Scotland was administratively divided into counties and burghs; since 1996, the country has been divided into 32 regions.
As part of the United Kingdom, the "country of the Celts" was represented in the British Parliament by Scottish delegates. After a referendum in 1997, the Scots created an independent parliament, which is located in the capital - Edinburgh. Internal issues of the country concerning the economy, education, management are resolved directly in the country. Britain remained responsible for the defense of Scotland and its foreign policy vector.
TO disputed territory scotland applies desert island Rokkol, located in the North Atlantic. In the middle of the 20th century, the atoll was annexed by Britain and declared part of Scotland in 1972, but disputes over Rokkola's ownership have not subsided to this day. The fish resources of the island are so rich that they are claimed by the Danes, Icelanders and the inhabitants of the Republic of Ireland.

Estimate!

Rate it!

The birthplace of the legendary brave warriors in checkered kilts, selected whiskey, traditional bagpipes, as well as the Loch Ness monster that settled at the bottom of the lake and in the hearts of millions of romantics - all this is magical Scotland.

Scotland on the world map

A small country called Scotland is located in the north British Isles and is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and.

the only state, with which Scotland borders on land with south side, is . She owns not only a third of the British Isles, but also a group of the Hebrides, Shetland and Orkney Islands located nearby. It is located 30 kilometers from Scotland in a southwestern direction by sea, and Scotland's nearest northeastern neighbor is.

Geography of Scotland

On the west side, Scottish lands bathe in waters Atlantic Ocean, from the east they are washed by the cold North Sea. Also between east and west coast Scotland passes the Caledonian Canal. The coastline of the country has more than 9900 kilometers, and total area territories is almost 79 thousand square kilometers. Although Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, Glasgow is considered the largest and most popular tourist city in the country. Local population, whose population exceeds 5.2 million people, perfectly owns English language, but much more often uses Gaelic or Anglo-Scots.
The geography of Scotland can hardly be called monotonous. Fertile flat lands here give way to rocky hills and uplands, turning into cozy towns and bustling cities. As for the small nearby island territories located nearby, then each such island is a separate geographical area in miniature. There are more than 750 such islands in total.
If you look at Scotland from a bird's eye view, you can see the North Scottish Fault that connects Stonehaven to Helensborough. Along it passes the division of the country into two different physiographic zones. Northern and western territories Scotland is represented by the North Scottish Highlands. In its center are the Grampian Mountains, among which there is a high-altitude maximum - Ben Nevis with a height of about 1344 meters above sea level.
Between the bays called the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde is the Mid-Scottish Lowland. It is this zone that is considered the most favorable for living, therefore, the maximum population density is observed here. Glasgow and Edinburgh, as well as many other major Scottish cities, stretch along the Central Belt of the Lowlands. In the south, it gradually turns into the so-called South Scottish Uplands.
The coastline of the Scottish Isles is distinguished by the presence of bays and Scandinavian fjords. The beaches are very indented, characterized by dune vegetation or sandy mounds. Here are located especially popular among tourists reserves called Foulshey and Ayten. Both Western and East Coast countries are decorated with picturesque bays: Loch Long, Loch Torridon, Solway Firth, Loch Fyne, Lewis and Harris and many others.
The river network of Scotland is quite dense, it includes more than 10 major rivers and dozens of small murmuring streams and streams. The most significant among them are the rivers Clyde, Tay, Deveron, Spey, Deveron and Forth. Almost all of these rivers carry their waters to the Atlantic Ocean basin, while others flow into. However, much more popular sources fresh water in Scotland are lakes. They contain more than 90 percent of all reserves drinking water throughout the UK.
by the most big lake Scotland is considered Loch Lomond with an area of ​​​​about 71 square kilometers, although it is significantly inferior in volume the legendary lake Loch Ness. It is with him that mystery stories about a lake monster named Nessie. Although scientists have never found evidence of its existence, many curious people still believe that the Loch Ness monster is hiding in a dark blue depth. No less famous are the lakes of Loch Marie, Loch Ericht, Loch Morar, Loch Rannoch and Loch O.
The fauna of Scotland is represented by wild forest cats, several species of pretty seals, incredible bottlenose dolphins, as well as hundreds of wild birds - eagles, golden eagles and partridges. In the coastal waters of the country are found the most different types fish and other marine life. Most of Scottish territory is under protection, since the gradual change climatic conditions in the country puts under serious threat the existence of many species.

State Flag of Scotland

The main national symbol of Scotland has retained its appearance from the sixteenth century to the present day. In those distant times, the Scots were forced to fight for their independence. A snow-white oblique cross, which is also called St. Andrew's, is depicted on a blue rectangular canvas. This flag is used by the Scottish government and all government departments, so it rises above a wide variety of administrative institutions.

With the advent of the national symbol is associated ancient legend about Andrew the First-Called, according to which this man was crucified by enemies on such a cross for caring for the Scottish people in the twelfth century. Since 1385, such a flag had a military purpose, since the armor of soldiers was decorated with its image. Under this banner, the Scottish army won more than one significant victory, so at present the blue and white Scottish flag has become the most recognizable symbol of the country.

Features of the climate of Scotland

Since the island of Scotland is under a powerful influence, its lands are under the control of a temperate oceanic climate. Cold air masses North Sea are balanced by a warm current called the Gulf Stream, which creates much more favorable conditions in Scotland. weather and temperature than in other states Northern Europe. However, the variability of the relief gives local climate significant instability. Average temperatures in winter period here they are 6-8 degrees of heat, in summer the air warms up to 19 degrees.
Like other British lands, Scotland is characterized by almost constant cloud cover. It's all about the hilly terrain and the presence of Atlantic cyclones. According to experts, there are no more than 1,400 sundial. IN mountainous areas this figure is reduced to 1000 annual hours. The air humidity in these areas is extremely high, but they are unevenly distributed. The south of Scotland is characterized by 800 millimeters of precipitation per year, in the north each year more than 3000 millimeters of precipitation falls. From December to February, snow falls in the Scottish mountains, usually there are no more than 20 snowy days.
Scotland also has the most strong winds in the region: on the plains up to 142 kilometers per hour, in the mountains up to 173 kilometers per hour. Although the weather conditions in the province can hardly be called ordinary, they not only do not prevent tourists from enjoying walks through the Scottish expanses in and, but also give them a special, unique charm.

Leisure and entertainment in Scotland

Not only nature and weather features of this country deserve your attention, many people come here for gastronomic tourism, because game cooked according to a special Scottish recipe is not only very tasty, but also good for health. Also, lovers of fish and seafood dishes will be pleasantly surprised by the traditional culinary variety. Soups, smoked meats, desserts and ice cream are also cooked just fine here. In addition, you must have heard of exceptional Scotch whisky.
The cultural side of entertainment in Scotland begins, first of all, with Loch Ness. To this reservoir, covered with a veil mysterious stories and legends, you must first reach a village called Drumnadrouchit. It is there that you can find a couple of fascinating souvenirs, as well as visit exhibitions dedicated to the elusive loch ness monster. One of them even has a full-length statue of the creature, according to eyewitnesses. Even if you do not believe in the story of Nessie, you should definitely visit his monastery. In the vicinity is ancient castle Alduri and the surviving remains of a fortress called Urhard.
To get to know the animal world of Scotland better, you can go on a tour of Shetland Islands where is located marine park. It is inhabited by cute little ponies and funny fur seals.
Historical sights of the country can be found in almost every city. For example, the castle of Kismul on the island of Barra, the castle on the water, called Maol, and many others. And the village called West Mainland generally carries the most ancient historical culture of five thousand years ago. Not far from here there is also the Mine Hove catacombs, which are already more than two thousand years old. From historical chronicles and annals, you probably heard about another ancient city called Aberdeen. No less popular among tourists are National holidays. All year round you can watch spectacular performances from the Middle Ages.

We often talk about various countries, but sometimes a part of something can be more interesting than another whole. Meet: Scotland on the world map! Many people associate this country with a men's skirt (kilt), the Loch Ness monster and bagpipes.

Scotland on the map of Europe and Great Britain in Russian

As they say, they are greeted by clothes, so in Scotland, first of all, we will look at the appearance - the relief, what grows and who lives, in what conditions. But first, the main question: “Where is Scotland?”.

Where is?

Scotland is a kingdom composed of , occupies northern part islands, also called Great Britain, and a number of adjacent islands. Given country located in .

If you look for Scotland relative to our country, you need to move west.

Country geography

• Square Scotland - under 79 thousand square kilometers.
• Climate here is moderate oceanic. abundant rainfall and skimp on the heat, the winter is wet and cool, the most "cold" - in the north, where temperatures sometimes drop below zero.
• Relief heterogeneous in the kingdom: northern half and West Side- mountainous, the rest of the territory - flat.

The UK is a poor country in terms of vegetation, the share of the forest part does not even reach the mark of ten percent, but for tourists this fact compensates for the abundance. Scotland also matches this description, although some rare plants grow here.

Many large mammals in this kingdom were exterminated, some species are now on the verge of extinction. Some species are resettled in Scotland. In general, the fauna of the kingdom is quite typical for its geographical location.

It is worth noting the seas, where fish species number in the tens of thousands and which number a dozen indigenous creatures.

Now let's try to understand basis people of Scotland: how they live, how they lived and how they will live (in fact, there will be no answer to the last question, it just sounds nice).

Historical reference

1. The official history of Scotland began in 843.
2. In the next few centuries, the kingdom occupied territory almost identical to the modern one.
3. In the middle of the 11th century, the Normans began the process of capturing, at the same time they began to radically change policy Scotland.
4. At the end of the thirteenth century there was an era transfers of Scottish lands noble Normans.
5. Between Scotland and England began a multitude conflicts.
6. Temporarily Scotland became part of England due to the treaty of William I the Lion, but in 1189 it gained independence again thanks to Richard the Lionheart.
7. Beginning in the 12th century Troubled times, the struggle for the crown and, as a result, another successful English attack.
8. In 1297 there was an uprising led by William Wallace.
9. Scotland has gained full independence along with King Robert I the Bruce.
10. Next in Scotland began Stuart dynasty, the kingdom did not know problems until the 17th century, in which, by the power of Oliver Cromwell, England and Scotland merged into one again.
11. Scotland becomes independent again in 1660 Charles II from the Stuart dynasty.
12. In 1707 Scotland and England merge to form Great Britain.
13. In 1745-1746 happened Jacobin rebellion but it did not save the Stuart dynasty.
14. After industrial revolution in the 19th century, the kingdom lost stability.
15. Second World War negative affected Scotland, but the United States and Japan provided financial assistance.
16. As a result of the referendum in 2014, the kingdom finally became autonomous state.

Internal organization

Scottish population nears number in latest census 5.5 million people.

In Scotland, they speak English, Anglo-Scots and Gaelic, the first language is considered official.

Scottish Church, the main in the state, it Presbyterian. It includes about two-thirds of all believers. Of the total population, adherents of the Church of Scotland make up 32%, another 16% are Catholics, another 5% belong to the Scottish Episcopal Church, the rest do not consider themselves to be a church at all.

In Scotland parliamentary political system.

State and cities

As already mentioned, we consider Scotland as part of the whole (Great Britain). And what about considering the parts of a part of a whole (what can we divide the kingdom given to us into consideration, if without a cheerful tautology)?

Administrative division

In 1996, by a decision of the British Parliament, Scotland was divided into 32 parts, and parts - to communities and constituencies. There are 73 constituencies and 8 regions in Scotland, of which the UK Parliament recognized only 59 constituencies.

Large settlements

• Glasgow- most Big City kingdoms.
• is the capital of Scotland.
• aberdeen- trading and administrative center, the second largest, and the settlement in its place arose already 8 thousand years ago.
• Dundee – industrial centre, inferior to other cities in size.

Information here most basic and, in fact, not the most interesting, because first of all everyone wants to learn about culture, sights and everything like that.

Well, now that you have the basic knowledge in your pocket, and you can’t build a single house without a foundation, you can continue to explore Scotland in our next articles.

Detailed location of Scotland on the world map in this video:

Scotland- these are mountains and lakes, in one of which the mysterious Nessie is found, bagpipes, whiskey and plaid skirts from under which, for some reason, men's legs are strangely visible. On the Scottish Textile Route, you will see how tweed and wool are made. The route of traditional Scotch whiskey passes through the Grampian Highlands.

The most curious landmark known to the whole world is the mysterious Nessie, supposedly living in Loch Ness. The length of the lake is 39 km, maximum depth- up to 230 m, the water temperature at a depth all year round is about 5.5C. The first mention of a monster with a long neck and a tiny head occurs in the 17th century, and according to local authorities, since 1933 people have seen Nessie about 4,000 times. In addition to the Loch Ness monster, UFOs have also been repeatedly observed in the lake area. Every year there are about half a million tourists who dream of seeing Nessie, of which 300 thousand visit the Loch Ness Monster Museum in the village of Drumnadrochit.

Many places are associated with the royal family of Scotland: Skoon Palace, the coronation site of Stirling Castle, Glams Castle, where Queen Elizabeth spent her childhood and Princess Margaret was born. Magnificent are the baronial Crates Castle, surrounded by an ancient hedge of yew trees, and gothic castle Inverary, located on the shores of Lake Fine.

Although Scotland is considered part of the UK, it still represents a separate country in itself.

Map of Scotland, UK

This is a country of beautiful mountain peaks, covered with heather, deep and chilling mountain lakes, spread wide among fairytale castles and warm, soulful hospitality, most often expressed as a glass of whiskey slowly sipped by a crackling peat fire.

The capital of Scotland, Edinburgh is majestic and ancient city, surmounted by a castle towering high on a huge granite rock. It was in this castle that Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI of Scotland in 1566. And, of course, a traditional bagpiper in a plaid Scottish skirt plays a mournful song on his bagpipes outside the castle walls. The cobbled Royal Mile is home to just a few of the city's 16,000 preserved old buildings, connecting the Old City area with Holyrood Palace, the Queen's official residence in Scotland. By the way, this palace witnessed many dramatic events in the life of the notorious Mary Stuart. However, behind the well-known historical character lies the lively cosmopolitan atmosphere of the capital. Excellent shops are found on Princes Street and George Street where you can buy checkered scotch rugs, cashmere sweaters, antiques, designer clothes or any number of handicrafts, gifts and art.

You can spend time in museums and galleries during the day, while at night you can relax in pubs, often with music, go to a club, theater or restaurant overlooking the harbor. In August, crowds of people flock to Edinburgh for the well-known International Festival theatrical art, during which hundreds of performances by artists from all over the world are staged. And the Fringe Festival offers a more eccentric and original selection of performances, along with a nightly procession of drums and kilts from the Edinburgh War Show. Together with plaid tartan (Scottish wool), whiskey is probably Scotland's most famous export product. Whiskey has been officially produced here for more than 500 years - and probably centuries before that. Real Scotch whiskey, Scotch, is made only in Scotland. Whiskey distilleries are scattered throughout the country, and many of them are open to visitors who want to see the entire production process and, of course, taste the final result.

The Highlands are known for some of Scotland's most spectacular landscapes: snow-covered mountain tops and deserted valleys are home to famous brands of whiskey Glenmorangie, Glenfiddich and Glen Grant. By the way, "Glen" means "valley" in Scottish. Another common Scottish word is "loch" which means "lake".

The lakes of Scotland are vast, deep and mysterious places, the most famous of which is Loch Ness, deep waters who may have lurked mysterious resident- the legendary Loch Ness monster Nessie!

Other lakes are surrounded by mountains and beaches, and are quiet havens, the silence of which is broken only by a rare bird of prey, a mountain rabbit or the tramp of a red deer who accidentally looked here. However, Scotland has not always been so peaceful, quiet and calm. Warring clans and battles against the British have left their mark on the many charming castles scattered throughout the country. Some of them, such as Eileen Donan, are fortresses that impress with their harsh beauty. Others, such as Glamis and Krasis, with spiers, towers and carvings, are reminiscent of fairytale castles, many of which are still the homes of tribal leaders and the Scottish aristocracy.

On west coast a chain of charming islands is visible, which are miniature copies of the Scottish landscape: deserted beaches, rare flowers, mountains, rivers, historical castles, wild animals and sea birds, cozy traditional pubs.

Some of the islands, such as Mull, are big enough to stay for a few days, others are little gems and are almost deserted and can only be reached by boat.

The sea is still the main source of income for many Scots, and fishing villages dot the coastline with a harbor supplying fresh seafood from clear coastal waters. Trout and salmon are caught in the rivers, which are then smoked, thus obtaining a great Scottish delicacy, which we strongly recommend, along with the already mentioned "national drink", to taste on the spot while watching the irreconcilable football derby "Celtic" - "Glasgow Rangers". In this or almost this way, the generally accepted opinion has developed: Scotland is the country of the most vivid and long-lasting impressions.

Political maps of Great Britain

The administrative-territorial division of Great Britain is rather complicated.

Let's start with the fact that the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of four large administrative parts or countries: England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland, combined into two historical provinces: Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Each of the countries, in turn, is divided into smaller territorial units.

So, England is divided into 9 regions, which consist of 6 metropolitan counties (the urbanized areas of Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, Merseyside, Tyne and Wear, the West Midlands and South Yorkshire), 28 shires (non-metropolitan counties with several administrative regions and districts), 55 unitary units (non-metropolitan counties without internal division into districts), Greater London and the Isles of Scilly.

Wales is divided into 22 regions, including 9 counties, 3 cities and 10 city-counties.

Scotland has been subdivided since 1996 into 32 areas or municipalities.

Finally, the territory of Northern Ireland is divided into 26 districts, united in 6 counties.

UK political map

Which shows the division of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland into administrative divisions of the first and second levels.

Download detailed political map Great Britain.

Scotland, Glasgow map. Detailed map of the center of Glasgow, Scotland

Map size 1.66 MB Download map

The file is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license.

Map of the division of Northern Ireland into counties

Download a map of the division of Northern Ireland into counties. Map size 251 KB Download map

The file is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic license.

Map of the division of Northern Ireland into districts

Courtesy of the University of Texas Library, University of Texas at Austin

Download a map of the division of Northern Ireland into regions. Map size 273 KB Download map

Map of the traditional counties of Wales

Download a map of the traditional counties of Wales. Map size 117 KB Download map

Map of the division of Scotland into regions

Download a map of the division of Scotland into regions. Map size 93.2 KB Download map

The file is available under the Open Government License

Map of the administrative divisions of England

Download map administrative division England. Map size 135 KB Download map

Map of the division of London into districts

Taken from www.comersis.com

Download a map of the administrative-territorial division of London into districts. Map size 92.6 KB Download map