Fairy tales that actually existed

The fabulous Lukomorye was borrowed by Pushkin from the folklore of the Eastern Slavs. This is a reserved northern kingdom on the edge of the world, where people fall into hibernation and wake up with the first rays of the spring sun. There is the World Tree (“At Lukomorye there is a green oak”), along which, if you go up, you can get to heaven, if you go down - to the underworld.

The real Lukomorye, contrary to the children's song with the words "Lukomorye is not on the map, so there is no way into a fairy tale," is depicted on many old Western European maps: this is the territory adjacent to east coast Ob Bay, in the area of ​​modern Tomsk region.

In general, “Lukomorye” in the Old Slavonic language means “the bend of the seashore”, and in the Old Russian chronicles this toponym is not mentioned in Far North, and in the area of ​​the Azov and Black Seas and the lower reaches of the Dnieper. The chronicle Lukomorye is one of the habitats of the Polovtsians, who were sometimes called so - “Lukomors”. For example, in conjunction with these regions, Lukomorye is mentioned in the Tale of Igor's Campaign. In "Zadonshchina" in Lukomorye, the remnants of Mamai's army retreat after the defeat in the Battle of Kulikovo.

Buyan Island

Fairy-tale Buyan also became widely known thanks to Pushkin: magical things are kept on Buyan Island that help fairy tale characters, and the magic oak (World tree) grows. Many folk conspiracies and spells began with the words: "On the sea in Okiyana, on an island in Buyan lies the white-combustible stone Alatyr." The sacred stone alatyr in Slavic mythology denoted the center of the world.

The real Buyan is the German island of Rügen in the Baltic. In ancient times, the West Slavic tribe of the Ruyans lived on the island, and the island was called Ruyan in their honor. On the island was Arkona - the main pagan sanctuary of the Baltic Slavs. In subsequent centuries, in Slavic folklore, the name was transformed into Buyan.

And the fabulous “white-combustible stone Alatyr” is the chalk rock “Royal Throne”, towering above the sea. According to tradition, the applicant for the Ruyan throne had to climb alone at night along the spurs of the rock to the very top (which, apparently, was difficult and scary).

Tmutarakan

Often, when they want to talk about some distant, hard to reach place, they say that this is “some kind of tmutarakan”.

Nevertheless, this is a very real city - the capital of the Old Russian principality of the same name, which existed in the X-XI centuries. The city really was far from the rest of the principalities Ancient Rus'- in the area of ​​the Kerch Strait, on the site of modern Taman.

After the defeat of the Khazar Khaganate by the Kyiv prince Svyatoslav, the city of Tmutarakan came under the power of Kievan Rus, gradually becoming an independent Russian principality. But the position remote from Rus' played its role: after 1094, mention of Tmutarakan disappear from Russian chronicles. The territory passes to Byzantium, and later to Genoa.

Brazil

The legendary Hy-Brazil is the island of the blessed in Irish mythology, the Celtic analogue of the biblical paradise. It was inhabited by heroes and simply good people. With the advent of Christianity in Ireland, Hy-Brazil began to be inhabited by monks and the righteous.

The island is surrounded by fog, which parted once every seven years, then only it can be seen. According to another version, the island rises to the surface of the ocean every seven years. According to legend, the island will remain on the surface of the ocean forever if fire touches it.

This mythical island in the Atlantic has been depicted on many vintage cards and was located west of Ireland. Therefore, when the Portuguese reached unknown shores in the Western Hemisphere in 1500, they decided that this was it. legendary land Hi-Brazil. The country is still called so: Brazil.

Avalon

On this magical island from the Celtic legends, the fairy Morgana lived and King Arthur was buried. Avalon, also known as Apple Island, was another Celtic analogue of paradise and was located in the legends either somewhere in the west, among the endless waters of the Atlantic, or off the coast of Britain.

The island took on a real shape at the end of the 12th century, when a grave was discovered on St. Michael's Hill (which, by the way, was a volcano in prehistoric times) in Somerset. The inscription on the grave said that here, on the island of Avalon, King Arthur rests with his wife Guinevere. The remains of a large man and a short woman were found in the burial.

In ancient times, the hill that towered over the swampy area resembled an island, and during frequent floods it turned into real island. The remains were later reburied in a chapel built right there. During the Civil War in the 17th century, the grave was opened and the bones scattered.

Thule Island

The mysterious island was first described by the ancient Greek traveler Pytheas from Massilia (modern Marseille) in the 4th century BC. He made a trip to Northern Europe, and, in addition to the island of Thule, he spoke about the northern lights, the sea, bound by ice, and the polar night.

These stories seemed to the fellow citizens of Pytheas fiction, and he was declared a liar. So the island of Thule, along with other "fables" described by Pytheas, was forgotten for centuries.

And only when the Vikings discovered Iceland in the 9th century and compared the natural and geographical characteristics of the island and the description of the mythical island of Thule, it became obvious that Pytheas had once discovered Iceland.

Terra Australis Incognita

earth around South Pole fixed on maps since antiquity. It was believed that bald people, people with dog heads, giants, dragons and other curious people lived on these lands.

At first, the Unknown Southern Land occupied the entire south, turning the Indian Ocean into a lake. But as geographical discoveries it became smaller and smaller as it moved southward. Tierra del Fuego, Australia and New Zealand. Even small lonely islands, lost in the ocean, were sometimes mistaken for the coast of the Unknown Southern Land.

After his unsuccessful voyage in 1772, James Cook, who never found the mysterious southern land, stated that, if the southern continent exists, it is only near the pole, therefore it is of no value. After that, the southern continent generally ceased to be depicted on maps.

Finally, in 1820, the Russian expedition of Bellingshausen and Lazarev discovered Antarctica. And existed before that only hypothetically Terra Australis ceased to be Incognita. The sixth continent appeared on the map.

“People sometimes dream of blue cities: for someone - Moscow, for someone - Paris ...” is sung in a popular Soviet song. But, somewhere on Earth, perhaps hidden from us, shrouded in myths and legends mysterious places. Nobody was there, but they talk a lot about them. No one has seen them, but a lot is known about how they look... In someone's mind, it is these mysterious parallel worlds that appear through the haze of inexplicable dreams...

But, in world archeology, real sensations sometimes happen. So, a little over 10 years ago, in the early 2000s, mythical cities Heraklion, Canopus and Menutis, known only from ancient Greek tragedies and legends, were found at the bottom mediterranean sea international team of archaeologists. By that time, scientists had been exploring the coastal region of Alexandria for three years. Who knows, perhaps very soon there will be a solution to the mystery of ancient Shangrila, the sunken Atlantis and Kitezh, underground Agharti will be discovered ...

Shambhala - a mythical country in Tibet(or in other surrounding regions of Asia) is mentioned in several ancient treatises. According to some of them, the Hindu messiah Kalka was born here. The first mention of Shambhala is found in the Kalachakra Tantra (X century). The text states that the city has survived from the time of Shambhala King Suchandra. According to another legend, Shambhala was a kingdom in Central Asia. After the Muslim invasion of Central Asia in the 9th century, the kingdom of Shambhala became invisible to human eyes, and only the pure in heart can find the way to it.

Tibetologist Bronislav Kuznetsov (1931-1985) and orientalist Lev Gumilyov (1912-1992), working on the issue, came to the conclusion that Shambhala is a real place. Moreover, it is depicted on an ancient Tibetan map published in the Tibetan-Shangshung dictionary. According to their interpretation, the author of the map reflected on it the era of domination of Syria, led by the Macedonian conquerors. Syria in Persian is called Sham, and the word "bolo" means "top", "surface". Consequently, Shambhala is translated as "the domination of Syria", which corresponded to reality in the period of the III-II centuries BC. e.

In the works of Nicholas and Helena Roerich, the idea of ​​Shambhala is of great importance. Nicholas Roerich, who traveled through Central Asia in the 1924-28s of the last century, stated that he had personally heard countless stories about this place. Based on the religious and philosophical teachings of the Roerichs, a new movement "Agni Yoga" (Living Ethics) arose, which has the veneration of Shambhala as one of its most important foundations. In the short story by the science fiction writer James Hilton, The Lost Horizon, the land of Shangri-La became the literary allegory of Shambhala.

Kitezh - Russian Atlantis. At one time, the writer Pavel Melnikov-Pechersky, inspired by Lake Svetloyar, told his legend in the novel "In the Woods", as well as in the story "Grisha". The lake was visited by Maxim Gorky (feature "Bugrov"), Vladimir Korolenko (feature cycle "In Desert Places"), Mikhail Prishvin (feature "Light Lake"). ABOUT mysterious city wrote the opera The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. The lake was painted by artists Nikolai Romadin, Ilya Glazunov and many others. The poets Akhmatova and Tsvetaeva also mention hail in their work.

Today, more and more science fiction writers are interested in the legend of Kitezh. Of the works of this kind, one can name, for example, the story "The Hammers of Kitezh" by Nick Perumov and "Red Shift" by Evgeny Gulyakovsky. In the Soviet film "Magicians", which was based on the novel by the Strugatskys "Monday begins on Saturday", a factory worker musical instruments travels to fabulous Kitezh.

Remember Atlantis, the mainland that plunged into the ocean: this is how the gods punished the local population for their sins. So, there is a similar story in Rus' - the legend of Kitezh ... It has nothing to do with sins, on the contrary, the reasons for the flooding of the city should be sought in the spiritual purity of its inhabitants. And only the righteous and saints can see this city. Many Orthodox Christians gather on a pilgrimage to the lake, where they believe Kitezh is buried.

The only hints of its real existence are in the book "Kitezh Chronicler". According to scientists, this book was written at the end of the 17th century. According to her, the city was built by the great Russian Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich Vladimirsky at the end of the 12th century. Returning from a trip to Novgorod, along the way I stopped to rest near Lake Svetloyar. He was captivated by the beauty of those places and later ordered the construction of the city of Great Kitezh on the shore. The length of the built city was 200 sazhens (a straight sazhen is the distance between the ends of the fingers spread out in different directions of the hands, approximately 1.6 meters), the width was 100. Several churches were also built, and on occasion the best masters began to “paint images”. During the Mongol invasion, in order not to be defeated, the island miraculously sank into the waters of the lake.

Lake Svetloyar is located in Nizhny Novgorod region near the village of Vladimirsky Voskresensky district, in the Lunda basin, a tributary of the Vetluga River. Its length is 210 meters, width is 175 meters, and the total area is about 12 hectares. There is still no consensus on how the lake appeared. Someone insists on glacial theory origin, someone defends the karst hypothesis. There is a version that the lake arose after the fall of a meteorite.

The underground country of Agharti or Agartha. The mystical center of sacred tradition, located in the East. The literal translation from Sanskrit is “invulnerable”, “inaccessible”. The French mystic Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveidre wrote about her for the first time in his book Indian Mission in Europe. The second mention belongs to Ferdinand Ossendovsky, who in the book “And animals, and people, and gods”, according to the Mongolian lamas, tells the legend of an underground country that controls the destinies of all mankind. In Ossendowski's story, some researchers find borrowings from Saint-Yves d'Alveidre. A comparative analysis of both versions of the legend was made by the French scientist Rene Guenon in his work "The King of the World", in which he came to the conclusion that they have a common source.

The traditional location of Agartha is Tibet or the Himalayas. In Agartha live the highest initiates, keepers of tradition, true teachers and rulers of the world. It is impossible for the uninitiated to reach Agartha - it becomes available only to the elite. According to Puranic literature, Agartha is an island located in the middle of a sea of ​​nectar. Travelers are transported there by a mystical golden bird. Chinese literature reported about the tree and the fountain of immortality located in Agartha. Tibetan lamas depicted Agartha in the center of an oasis surrounded by rivers and high mountains. There are legends about underground passages connecting Agartha with the outside world. F. Ossendovsky and N. K. Roerich reported on special underground and air vehicles that serve its inhabitants for quick movement.

Ancient Greek cities discovered at the bottom of the sea. At the beginning of the article, we talked about the sensational discovery of archaeologists at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea - the cities of Heraklion, Canopus and Menutis, previously known only from ancient Greek legends. A basalt bust of a certain pharaoh, a bust of a deity according to Serapis, coins were raised from the bottom, which made it possible to date the destruction of the ancient settlement of the 7th-8th centuries. BC. But, most importantly, three cities with preserved houses, towers, moorings were discovered...

Canopus got its name in honor of the helmsman under King Menelaus, who died from a snake bite (and was immediately deified), and Menutis - in honor of his wife. Heraklion, according to legend, was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC. It was in this city that King Menelaus and Elena the Beautiful stopped on the way from the defeated Troy. So, in any case, wrote the historian Herodotus, who visited Egypt in 450 BC. He also described the landmark of the city - the tower of Hercules. It was a rich city, however, which lost its influence after the construction of Alexandria. As scientists suggest, Heraklion was flooded as a result of a strong earthquake. However, at the same time, apparently, he was almost not injured, but only forever frozen in time at the bottom of the abyss.

Why did scientists (geophysicists from Stanford University, who mapped the bottom using magnetic waves) guess about the earthquake? It's all about the nature of the location of the columns and walls of the city, which lay in one direction. Whether visits to "maritime museums" will ever be available is unknown. Nevertheless, it would be very profitable for the state and interesting for tourists.

"Chichaburg": an underground city in Siberia. In the late 90s of the last century, during aerial photography Novosibirsk region Researchers, 5 km from the regional center of Zdvinsk, on the shore of Lake Chicha, discovered an unusual anomaly: obvious contours of buildings appeared in the picture, although there were steppe and lakes all around. Houses underground? Novosibirsk scientists, using special geophysical equipment provided by German colleagues, "enlightened" the mysterious place. The result exceeded all expectations: clear contours of streets, lanes, quarters, powerful defensive structures appeared on the map. On an area of ​​12-15 hectares is located real city. During research on Earth, on the outskirts of "Chichaburg" something resembling a slag heap was found, which usually remains from a developed metallurgical production. The class stratification of the ancient Siberian city also turned out to be “enlightened”: “elite” stone palaces were adjacent to the stone houses of commoners. A fragment of some ancient - hitherto unknown - civilization rose from the ground ... According to preliminary excavations, the age of the settlement is the 7th-8th centuries BC. It turns out that the town on the banks of the Chicha is the same age as the Trojan War? It is not easy for scientists to believe in this - after all, such a discovery overturns many well-established concepts in history, archeology, and ethnography.

Source: Wikipedia, tmru.bizland.com, moikompas.ru.

Myths, legends and even fairy tales tell modern inhabitants about amazing places, where previously unknown creatures lived, superhumans lived and justice and bliss reigned. Scientists and researchers for several centuries have tried to find fairy island Buyan, the legendary Avalon, and many of their searches were successful. This review presents famous mythical places that actually existed.

1. Buyan Island

Another one interesting feature- this is the phrase "on the Okiyane Sea, on the island of Buyan lies the white-combustible stone Alatyr." These words in Rus' reinforced various spells. On the real island there is a white chalk rock "King's Throne". From the legends of Pushkin's nanny Arina Rodionovna, one can glean information about thirty heroes (there were 33 of them in the fairy tale). Earlier, the author Saxo Grammaticus mentioned a guard of 300 people guarding the island of Ruyan. Researchers believe that in ancient times the island of Rügen and Rus' were connected by close trade and cultural relations.

2. Hy-Brazil

3. Lukomorye

4 Avalon Island

5. Thule

6. Tmutarakan

7. Eeeya

In the history of the world, there are many legends about various pseudo-existing once unusual cities, states or countries. Consider the most popular of them.

1. Eldorado is a city of gold.

The first mention of this legendary mythical country appeared in times bordering on the end of the Middle Ages, when America was discovered and the conquistadors - the conquerors of America - tried to master its territory. There were many legends about the golden countries, but it is El Dorado that is the most popular and famous so far. This word is heard by many Russian citizens due to the popularization of a network of hardware stores with an identical name. But few people know that there was a legend about a city made entirely of gold. According to rumors circulating at the time, from Peru to South America numerous treasures were delivered. Various expeditions searched for Eldorado all over the world: explored Venezuela, searched on the Amazon River, studied Dominican Republic and many other islands and territories. But the golden country was never found. Many researchers put their whole lives in search of a non-existent country. A lot of resources, not only human, but also material, were spent on these expeditions, but in the end it played a positive role only in the development of new territories, describing the life, culture of the peoples of these places, their languages.

For the appearance of tales about this golden country, the rite of the Chibcha Indian tribe served, when before the coronation of the king they smeared with clay and sprinkled with golden sand. After that, he entered the river, thereby “enriching” it. The Chibcha tribe did indeed have a certain amount of gold reserves, and, after the capture of this people by the colonists, rumors that part of the treasure was hidden only increased. And the search continued for a very long time. As a result, it opened legendary lake Guatavita, which can be considered the prototype of the golden country. It was in this lake, according to legend, that the tribe hid their jewels.

2. Shambhala is a sacred place.

Another mysterious state is the Tibetan country of Shambhala. Many famous scientists, esotericists and mystics have tried to find holy city. In Nazi Germany, there was even a special unit to unravel this mystery, because. it was believed that the inhabitants of Shambhala had knowledge with which one could gain power over the whole world.

There is even a mention of this country in the ancient manuscript "The Wheel of Time" and the Mahabharata.

According to the Mahabharata, Shambhala existed on the territory of India, devoid of caste prejudices. The society is run by brahmin priests. The myth about this country is directly related to the philosophical and religious Indian teachings.

According to the teachings of Kalachakra (“Wheel of Time”), this country is ruled by an amazing king named Suchadra, who acquired sacred knowledge in southern India. After the usurpation by Islamic countries, Shambhala was hidden for people, and in order to find it, you need to go a long way and purify your heart by learning the sacred secrets of Brahmanism.

Some esotericists believe that this country exists in nature. The controversial issue is in the material world or a parallel universe. But opinions agree on one thing: only a person who has achieved enlightenment can come to this city.

3. Atlantis - underground mystery millennia.

There is a belief that about 9,000 years ago, an entire continent went under water overnight. An entire people perished along with their high-tech infrastructure, orderly power structure and developed culture. According to the myth, these were intellectually developed and advanced people who died because of their own vanity and arrogance.

It is believed that the place where Atlantis sank is today's Atlantic Ocean. In the modern scientific world, there are two hypotheses about the reality of the existence of this civilization: some scientists consider it a myth, and some suggest that theoretically such a country could exist, but due to any global catastrophe, such as a volcanic eruption, earthquake or flood, it could disappear from the face earth. According to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, Atlantis existed in the Strait of Gibraltar, or Pillars of Hercules(now Morocco).

Some scientists believe that Atlantis is modern Antarctica. Happened for centuries of history a lithospheric shift could have shifted the location of Atlantis to the North Pole.

There is also a theory that Atlantis rests in the area bermuda triangle, which explains the large number mysterious disappearances in these parts.

There are countless works of scientists, a huge number of documentaries about this mysterious and mystical country. But was she really? Whether the third nanotechnological millennium will be marked by the discovery of its main secret is a big question.

4. Avalon - the city of the Celts.

Avalon is an ancient mythical city of the Celts, a symbol of pre-Christian culture. It is believed that King Arthur himself was buried in this place, and his famous sword Excalibur was also forged. Estimated location is Wales. In the 12th century, a grave was discovered on the Hill of St. Michael in Britain, the inscription on which said that the king and his wife were buried here. In addition, this place was considered the island of the blessed.

5. Elysium - the shelter of the immortals.

A country where, according to mythical notions, people who gained immortality received shelter. This is the land of the righteous. The god Kronos was considered the head and guardian of this kingdom. The spirits of the righteous wander through Champs Elysees, conduct philosophical conversations and enjoy eternity. Here they find peace and tranquility, absolute peace.

Life proceeds according to the laws of divine justice. Elysium in ancient greece akin to Christian Paradise. And opposite in its sacred meaning to Elysium - Hades - the prototype of the Christian Hell.

Presumably this country was in the west, at the end of the world.

6. Lyoness is a lost country.

Lionesse is a lost country, which is often mentioned in the folk art of the British. There is a tradition that this place was located between the county of Cornwall and Scilly. Popular beliefs claimed that this city sank, like Atlantis, and residents of the surrounding areas often hear the ringing of bells. On the maps of the ancient Romans you can find one big Island Scilly, although there is now a network of small islands on the site. Therefore, it can be assumed that part of the island sank.

7. Lemuria is the abode of giants.

Some researchers claim that this sunken continent really existed and that the entire modern world originated from this cradle of civilization. And there is as little evidence of its existence as there are denials.

Presumably, the country sank 12 thousand years ago as a result of a global cataclysm - an earthquake. It is also assumed that modern island Madagascar was part of this continent.

It is described that giants lived in this territory, which can be attributed to an intermediate link between man and ape. This assumption was put forward by Engels in his treatise Dialectics of Nature. Other scientists and esotericists lead to the fact that these humanoid apes were the "root" race of mankind.

In Indian mythology, you can find confirmation of scientific data. They tell about the sunken cities, the patrons of which were Shiva and Krishna.

But this question of the existence of the mainland was practically not studied. Perhaps this is due to the fact that in Indian Ocean there are no traces of the existence of the sunken continent. Therefore, very few archaeological expeditions were carried out, and it is not possible at the moment to find out whether such a race existed.

8. Agartha - the country of scientists.

This country is also mythical. According to legend, the best minds of mankind, rulers, cultural and scientific figures live in this place. They control the course of world history from underground. The location of this country is presumably in Tibet or the Himalayas.

According to some sources, the island consisted of nectar and was surrounded on all sides by the sea. And it was only possible to travel there on a golden bird. Also on the island was the fountain of immortality. According to other legends, one could get to Agartha through various underground passages.

9. Vinland is the country of the Vikings.

This country was allegedly rich in wheat, salmon, and cranberries.

Researchers are trying to find the place where Europeans first set foot in North America. The first Vikings, led by Leif Erikson, a thousand years ago, sailed towards America with a length of 2000 km. During the trip he discovered 3 countries. One of them was Vinland.

Up until the 60s. of the last century, no one could say with accuracy whether this country exists. Many archaeologists have found traces of the Vikings in some areas of North American lands. In 1959, a family of archaeologists set off in search of Vinland. In the north of the island of Newfoundland, a small settlement was found with some ruins, the outlines of which resembled old houses. And, although Norman household items were found, this settlement does not fit the description of the Old Norse legends about the country discovered by Erikson.

Data: 20.01.2011 05:25 |

Twin Peaks is a small town in Washington state where the TV series Twin Peaks and David Lynch's Twin Peaks: Through the Fire take place.

Gotham City is a fictional city where the Batman stories take place.

Libria is a fictional city-state from the movie Equilibrium.

Hill Valley is a fictional small American town in California from the Back to the Future film trilogy.

Castle Rock is a fictional city in Maine from the works of Stephen King (Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Rescue, Cujo, The Dark Half, The Dead Zone and many others)

Derry - small town, located in Maine from the works of Stephen King (It, Insomnia and others)

South Park is an American town in Colorado from the animated television series South Park.

Springfield is the city where The Simpsons is set. Located near Shelbyville and the State Capital. The name of the state in which Springfield is located is never mentioned in the series.

The Emerald City is a city invented by Lyman Frank Baum and described by him in a cycle of stories about Oz, as well as in numerous sequels and adaptations by other authors, in particular Alexander Volkov.

R'lyeh is a fictional city first mentioned by Howard Phillips Lovecraft in The Call of Cthulhu (1928). R'lyeh has since become an integral part of Lovecraft's mythology and the Cthulhu mythos.

Sin City (Sin City) - a gloomy city from the comics of Frank Miller.

Green city and sunny city from a series of works about Dunno and his friends.

Laputa is a fictional city that Gulliver visited on his journey, described in the third part of Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift.

Silent Hill is a ghost town from the Silent Hill game and movie of the same name.

Located in West Virginia, Toluca County.

Cities from the work of Nikolai Nosov about Dunno.

Diaspar - last city humanity from Arthur C. Clarke's The City and the Stars.

17 most fabulous villages in the world

fabulous guide

Answer options for your crossword puzzle

CLEW

ADDRESS

BAEDEKER

BOOKLET

WADEMEKUM

• (from the Latin vade mecum - come with me), guidebook, pocket guide, pointer
• Pocket reference book, travel guide

VERTICAL

GUIDE

MAP

Maimonides

These words were also found by queries:

No, this is not Rio de Janeiro!

The story of the "CITY OF CRIMEA"

Team "Centaur", Crimea, Simferopol region

We all study at the "Bonfire" club at the Center for Extracurricular Activities of the Simferopol District. The main direction of the club is literary local history. With our leader, we visited almost all cities of Crimea (and not only Crimea), museums and protected areas our peninsula. We want to tell all the participants of the project "Ideal world through the eyes of children" about our wonderful land. Each of us prepared a story about one of the cities of Crimea.

There are corners of our earth so beautiful that every visit to them causes a feeling of happiness, fullness of life, tunes our whole being to an unusually simple and fruitful lyrical sound.

Such is Crimea. Therefore, he became, as they said in the old days, "a source of inspiration" for many writers and poets, artists and musicians.

THE CAPITAL OF THE CRIMEA - SIMFEROPOL

Simferopol - administrative, economic, cultural and science Center Crimea. The city is relatively young - in 1984 it celebrated its 200th anniversary. Its name consists of Greek words: "simfero" - I collect, "simferon" - benefit, "polis" - city. "City of benefit", "city of collector".

However, the city on the site of the current regional center did not appear immediately. He had predecessors - both in ancient times and in the Middle Ages. Since ancient times, this area has been inhabited by humans. Studies of the Chokurcha cave show that these places were inhabited more than 50 thousand years ago.

On a small plateau of the Petrovsky rocks is located ancient settlement, called Neapolis by the Greeks, which flourished under the kings Skilur and his son Palak (3-2 centuries BC). The most significant building in Naples is the mausoleum, where the Scythian king and his entourage were buried, rich grave goods were found.

At the turn of the 15th-16th centuries, the Tatar settlement Ak-Mechet ("white church") arose on the territory of present-day Simferopol. Here was the residence of the kalga-sultan - the second person after the khan. The former Kebir-Jami mosque, which gave the name to the settlement, has survived to this day. This oldest building Simferopol (1508)

In 1783 Crimea was annexed to Russia. The city of Simferopol became the center of the newly formed Tauride region. Prince G.A. Potemkin wrote to Empress Catherine: "This name means a hail of benefit, and its coat of arms is a beehive with bees, having an inscription useful at the top."

The revival of economic development was facilitated by the construction of roads that connected Simferopol with Alushta (1826), and in the 30s with Yalta. In the 1940s, roads leading to Sevastopol, Bakhchisaray, Evpatoria, Sudak, Feodosia, and Perekop passed through Simferopol.

The development and growth of Simferopol began with the construction of the Lozovo-Sevastopol railway(now Pridneprovskaya). Since that time, the city has been gradually changing its appearance: the outskirts are being settled, the economy is reviving, various kinds of "companies", "societies", offices, banks are emerging. In 1893 The first Simferopol telephone exchange was opened. The first power plant was put into operation in 1896.

Over the past decades, the appearance of the regional center has dramatically changed, its borders have expanded in all directions.

Many remarkable events marked the cultural construction in the city - in 1902, according to the project of Academician N.N. Beketov, the Crimean Academic Russian Drama Theater named after M. Gorky was built. The city has cinemas, local history and art museums, regional radio and television studios, the State Philharmonic, and professional theaters.

After the construction of a new multi-storey airport complex Simferopol airport moved to the international category. The flow of passengers through it has increased several times.

Simferopol is a city eternal youth. It has many different institutions of secondary and higher education, including the Simferopol State University named after M.V. Frunze, where more than 7 thousand students study.

Simferopol has become one of the most beautiful cities in the south of Ukraine. Many remarkable writers, artists, scientists, public figures have been here: Griboyedov, Pushkin, Zhukovsky, L.N. Tolstoy, A.N. Tolstoy, Trenev, Samokish and others.

Fist of Light.

YALTA

When the Crimea was annexed to Russia in 1783, Yalta was a tiny village. A.S. Pushkin, who visited Yalta in 1820, could hardly imagine that an inconspicuous village would become a world-famous city. The rapid flourishing of Yalta began after 1860, when, on the advice of the scientist Botkin, the royal family acquired the Livadia estate.

Today, the former "Russian Nice", the "Russian Riviera" is a beautiful resort city that heals millions of people, the center of the resort area South Shore Crimea.

Many memorable places in Yalta are associated with the stay of writers and poets in it: L.N. Tolstoy, Bunin, Kuprin, Nekrasov, Korolenko, Andreev, this is not a complete list.

In Yalta there are houses-museums of Biryukov, Trenev, Pavlenko, Beketov, and most importantly Chekhov, who lived here for more than five years.

The Russian poet Joseph Brodsky, a Nobel laureate who ended his life in the United States, also visited Yalta.

An excerpt from Yulia Drunina's poem "Yalta Chekhov":

I wander along the embankment again. The ship is sad on the roadstead. And the charm of the streets of the port Once again takes me by the soul. Cool, sunny and quiet. Ai-Petri in scanty silver. ... No, not a resort frantiha Yalta happens in January. She is not at all the same as in summer - Modest, friendly, simple. And this shy beauty squeezes my heart.

Nikitsky is located near Yalta Botanical Garden. It was founded in 1812 by the Russian botanist H.H. Steven. The area of ​​the garden is 996 hectares. More than 3500 plant species grow here. At any time of the year, this wonderful garden delights visitors with its unusual beauty.

At the foot of Mount Demerdzhi there is an amazing museum under open sky. This is the Glade of Fairy Tales. Here architects, builders, woodworkers leave man-made monuments, sculptures and compositions based on fairy-tale motives.

On the territory of Yalta there is a symbol of the South Coast - the castle " bird home". This structure, as it were, soars in the air above the waves on the edge of the rock.

Big Yalta includes the Livadia resort. Livadia Palace is historical place associated with the names of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin.

Now Yalta every year hospitably hosts tourists and vacationers, and every person has a piece of the beautiful South in his heart.

Yulia Tolstonozhko.

BAKHCHISARAY

Bakhchisaray is a city located in the valley of the Churuksu River.

It was founded in the 16th century and until 1783 was the capital of the Crimean Khanate.

The name of the city is formed from Persian words borrowed local population: bakhche - a garden, a barn - a palace. Few people dare to pass Bakhchisaray and deprive themselves of the opportunity to see this corner, where the fading face of Asia has taken refuge and still holds on. Some rooms were remade in a semi-European way by order of Potemkin for the arrival of Catherine back in 1787.

Among the numerous architectural monuments, the former khan's palace occupies the first place. By order of Krym-Gerey, the famous "Selsebil", now known as the "Fountain of Tears", was created on the tomb of the early deceased wife of Dilyara-Bikech. It was the "Fountain of Tears", sung in the classic works of A.S. Pushkin and A. Mitskevich, that brought the city and Khan Saray truly worldwide fame, drew attention to small town, the existence of which many learned only from Pushkin's poem.

In the vicinity of Bakhchisarai is located cave city Chufut-Kale. These are leftovers medieval city founded in the 5th-6th centuries of our century. It had defensive walls, gates, residential and utility buildings (ground and cave), a mosque, Karaite kenasses (temples).

So far this ancient monument culture attracts the attention of tourists from all over the world.

Aw, Arthur.

YEVPATORIA

Evpatoria is a city on the western coast of Crimea, located on the shores of the Kirkinidsky Gulf. The first-class climatic and balneo-mud resort of Evpatoria is the same age as ancient Feodosia.

Its current name, which means "born of a glorious father", noble", the city received in 1784, when, according to the existing fashion, the cities of the Novorossiysk Territory were called in the Greek manner. Previously (from the 15th century) the city was called Gezlev. It was a Turkish fortress, major center slave trade. In Russian transcription, the city was called Kozlov. The history of Evpatoria goes back centuries. In the 6th-5th centuries BC, the Greek Kerkenitida, mentioned by Herodotus, arose on the site of the city. Many were attracted by the healing properties of Evpatoria mud. Lesya Ukrainka, B.A. Lavrenev, L.N. Tolstoy, V.V. Mayakovsky, N. Ostrovsky came here for treatment. I. L. Selvinsky spent his childhood and youth in Evpatoria.

Today, about 90 sanatorium-and-spa institutions have been built in Evpatoria. This is a truly all-Union children's health resort. Golden beaches and gentle sea delight children and their parents.

Gafarova Elvira.

ALUSHTA

Alushta is the second largest resort center Southshore. The city inherited the name of the Byzantine fortress Aluston, erected in the 6th century AD. Today, Bolshaya Alushta is a major health and tourism center, which includes 84 resort facilities.

The city has a department of the Crimean Museum of Local Lore, a museum Crimean nature(reserved hunting grounds), literary and memorial museums of writers I.S.Shmelev and S.N.Sergeev-Tsensky, academician N.N.Beketov.

In the vicinity of Alushta there is a "Professor's Corner", described in Shmelev's book "The Sun of the Dead" (a terrible massacre during the civil war of 1919-1922).

Noisy and cheerful in summer and quiet and modest in winter, Alushta is always glad to see guests.

Gurlenya Vladimir.

SEVASTOPOL - the city of Russian sailors

On the outskirts of modern Sevastopol there are ruins of walls with towers, quarters, temples, a theater, workshops, etc.

Fairy towns names

This is Chersonese ancient city in the 5th-1st centuries. BC. It was discovered by the guys from the archaeological expedition of the Small Academy of Sciences of schoolchildren of the Crimea "Seeker" under the leadership of I. N. Dombrovsky. Since 1978, Chersonese has become the State Historical and Archaeological Reserve.

On February 10, 1784, the port and settlement, the construction of which was started on June 3, 1783, received its name - SEVASTOPOL. "The majestic city", "the city worthy of worship" Catherine II ordered to call it in a decree ordering the construction of a large fortress with the admiralty of the first rank, a shipyard, a port and a military settlement on the shores of the Akhtiar Bay. So, on a place inhabited at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, a city arose that was destined to withstand two sieges, unparalleled in mass heroism and the stamina of the defenders.

In 1937, Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky visited the Crimea, when he accompanied his student, the future Emperor Alexander II, on a journey through the south of the country. The desire to write a poem "Vladimir" - about the prince of Kiev, who in the 10th century successfully made a campaign in the Crimea and captured the heavily fortified Chersonese, was so great that he went south to the Crimea. In Sevastopol, he examined the city, painted the bay. One drawing was made from the "Tower of the Winds" - towers above the building of the Maritime Library. The picture shows a large raid: ships with bare masts, longboats, boats, a pier with people, houses along the coast. visited Balaklava bay("a quiet bay between the naked mountains"), examined Genoese fortress. Zhukovsky, as a lyric poet and landscape painter, was deeply moved by the pictures of the Crimean nature.

During the years of the Crimean War (1853-1856) Sevastopol became the scene of major military operations. Russian troops under the command of Vice Admiral V.A. Kornilov and Vice Admiral P.S. Nakhimov 349 days heroically defended Sevastopol from the superior armed forces of France, Great Britain, Turkey and Sardinia. The battle panorama "Defense of Sevastopol", opened in 1905 and 1954, is dedicated to these events. This picturesque picture, covering the entire circle of the horizon, is combined with three-dimensional models of the foreground "subject plan", creating the illusion of a real battle.

Among the defenders of Sevastopol was Lieutenant L. N. Tolstoy, who described what he saw in the famous Sevastopol Tales. November 7, 1854 Tolstoy first visited the Sevastopol bastions. Looking around the city, which turned into a fortress, Tolstoy wandered through the "labyrinths of batteries", talked with soldiers and officers. In a letter to his brother, he talks about his first impressions: “The spirit in the troops is beyond description. In the days of ancient Greece there was no such heroism ... A company of sailors almost rebelled because they wanted to be replaced from the battery on which they stood for thirty days bombs.

Wonderful time! Tirelessly driving around the military camps in the vicinity of Simferopol, Sevastopol, Tolstoy sees the incredible suffering of soldiers due to impassability, poor transport, ugly supplies, disgusting medical care. Tolstoy's stories about the defenders of the city attracted the attention of all the progressive people of the country. Tolstoy was recognized as a writer from whom works of great power can be expected. And he himself believed that his vocation was literature. Russian Troy, as contemporaries called the defense of Sevastopol, found its Russian Homer...

Having visited Sevastopol in the autumn of 1879, A. A. Fet wrote the poem "Sevastopol Fraternal Cemetery":

What a world is breathing here! What a glory feast Among cypresses, myrtle and stone coffins! With a pious hand, the fatherland laid down here the sacred ashes of its sons.

Sevastopol - the main base of the Black Sea Fleet - occupied special place in the plans of the Nazi command. The battle for the city began at dawn on June 22, 1941, when Nazi planes tried to mine the entrances to Sevastopol bays. The 250-day defense of Sevastopol, which began on October 30, ended only on July 3, 1942. As a result of the battles for the city, the Nazis lost a lot in time and suffered huge losses. Artists of the Studio of Military Artists. Grekov (P. T. Maltsev and others) reflected these military actions in the panorama "Storming Sapun Mountain on May 7, 1944", which opened in 1959 on Sapun Mountain.

In 1965, Sevastopol was awarded the title of "Hero City". New Sevastopol, in the restoration of which the whole country took part, is one of the most beautiful cities in Crimea.

The fates of many writers are connected with Sevastopol. A. G. Malyshkin, the author of the novel "Sevastopol", began his military service here. From November 1903 to October 1905 Alexander Grinevsky (Grin) was imprisoned in Sevastopol prison, arrested for campaigning among sailors and soldiers. Stepan Shchipachev taught social science at the Sevastopol Artillery School... torpedo boats, Evgeny Petrov arrived in the fighting Sevastopol. Leonid Sobolev, a well-known seascape writer, spent about two months in the besieged Sevastopol. The life and work of A. Akhmatova, A. Zharov, V. Lugovsky and many other writers are connected with Sevastopol.

Sevastopol is great and beautiful. Guests and residents of Crimea always strive to visit it. And he hospitably opens the doors of his museums, the Aquarium of the Institute of Biology southern seas. Children and adults enjoy admiring the dolphins in the city Dolphinarium. The bollards on the old wooden Grafskaya Pier are always polished to a shine. Sevastopol is growing, many bays have already been built up - Streletskaya, Kamyshovaya, Kazachya, etc. Two naval schools educate young officers. The city also has a Technical University. Especially beautiful in spring, all in blooming chestnuts, central Street Sevastopol - Bolshaya Morskaya.

Here is how the legendary city of V. A. Lugovskoy sang in the poem "Sevastopol":

On the klotik the lamp blinks far away With its high and pure light, And the city rises majestically in the expanse of night to meet the spring wind. White acacia strewn the whole coast, June is raging on the immortal hills. All bays are burning. They are vigilant: Work on them is booming. Generations will pass and, like dawns, generations will ascend, But the glory of exploits over death is powerful, The whole city is embraced by a single desire - To be proud and young at all times. No, he did not cool down from the shell thunder! Among the low wind-beaten mountains Sevastopol floats like a huge battleship, Crushing the expanse of the Black Sea with its stem.

CONCLUSION.

The charm of the Crimean land is revealed to others slowly, gradually. And everyone who has visited the Crimea takes with him, after parting with him, regret and slight sadness, which only memories of childhood evoke, and the hope of seeing once again this "midday land" sung by Pushkin.

Yaroslavl Regional Center distance learning schoolchildren, 1998