Large volcano in Kamchatka. Active volcanoes of Kamchatka. Volcano Koryakskaya Sopka

Among the volcanoes there are many active ones, the eruption of which causes admiration and fear at the same time. Volcanoes attract hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. Kamchatka volcanoes are not as bloodthirsty as some describe them. There are practically no eruptions here. And those that do happen do not pose any danger to local residents. If the volcano has a dark shade in the morning, this does not mean that trouble will come soon, on the contrary, it is a sign of good weather throughout the day. It is clear that almost every tourist who is near them is in a state of alarm, although in fact they do not pose any danger. Volcanoes are an amazing sight, it seems as if you are in a completely different world with its own laws and attitude.

Which volcano can be called the most beautiful in Kamchatka

No one can give objective assessments, since they are all special and beautiful in their own way. But most of all, the volcanoes Klyuchevskoy, Koryaksky and Kronotsky stand out, claiming to be the symbols of the Kamchatka Peninsula. All three stand out for their size and unusual cone shape. In general, all the volcanoes of Kamchatka are unique and have their own special history.

Uzon Caldera

This unusual name was given to the ring-shaped failure on the territory of the Uzon volcano. It was formed 40 years ago on the site of a huge volcano, destroyed by a terrible eruption. The latest natural disaster created a crater in the caldera with a diameter of one kilometer. And finally, over the course of several decades, an amazing natural formation was formed, which was recently classified as a protected area.

The diameter of the entire caldera is 10 kilometers. Its entire territory is simply strewn with the numerous riches of Kamchatka: mineral springs, mud baths, lakes, tundra and a beautiful birch forest. Many scientists and researchers want to get to Uzon. The hot springs are rich in minerals, which have become a favorable environment for amazing algae and microorganisms. Terrible bears roam the forests on the territory of the volcano, and swans swim in the lakes. amazing scenery, you do not find?

I doubt there is another place like this in the world. The autumn landscape on the volcano is an amazing sight. Birches and the whole tundra are painted in unusual shades of gold, red and other autumn colors. Every morning in the birch grove you can hear the music of nature, created by the rustle of leaves and the singing of birds.

Volcano Klyuchevskoy

Volcano Klyuchevskaya Sopka is considered the most famous natural formation in Russia. It was formed about 7 thousand years ago in the Holocene. The volcano is a huge cone created by layering basalt lava. It is precisely this clarity of lines and the correct form created by nature that strikes all tourists. If you look at it from the side, it seems as if Klyuchevskaya Sopka rises in splendid isolation. However, this is not at all the case. When approaching, you can see the small volcanoes Kamen, Ploskaya Near and Ploskaya Far, fused with a large formation.

The volcano has barrancos - small furrows that border the entire cone of Klyuchevsky. Its feature is considered to be a column of smoke constantly rising from the vent. This is due to numerous explosions inside the volcano.

Scientists have found that its height is 4750 meters. But it can vary depending on the power of the explosions. The foot of Klyuchevskaya Sopka is covered coniferous forests, in which spruce and Okhotsk larch grow mainly.

The first inhabitants appeared here during the Stone Age. They were Koryaks and Itelmens. According to some reports, the first people appeared in the Neolithic era. For many centuries, the main way to survive was fishing and hunting.

The 17th century was marked by the beginning of the development of Kamchatka. It all started with the discovery of springs with clean water. Then the researchers created the Klyuchi settlement here and named the volcano by the same name.

The volcano was first mentioned by Russian traveler Vladimir Atlasov in 1697. The first conqueror of the summit was the military Daniil Gauss, who arrived on the territory of Kamchatka as part of a Russian expedition. According to historical data, he and two of his comrades (names unknown) climbed to its very top without special equipment. The idea was very risky, but everything went well. Some time after the ascent, the national park, together with Klyuchevskaya Sopka, was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Today it is one of the few volcanoes active on the territory of Russia. At its foot is the station of the Institute of Volcanology. Local population The volcano is called the home of the dead. According to them, when it erupts, it means that the dead are drowning the whales caught in the underground sea.

Scientists have studied the volcano for a long time and found that it erupts about once every 6 years. Larger and more destructive eruptions occur every 25 years. Over three millennia, 50 lava ejections have been recorded. At this point, huge columns of dust and smoke disperse throughout the surrounding area, and the flames last for a week. There is a case when a week turned into three years.

One settlement, Klyuchi, remained near the volcano. locals farming, raising livestock and fishing. The most ordinary life, despite the proximity to a huge active volcano. Every year it gathers around thousands of tourists who are attracted in addition to its history. unusual phenomenon: sometimes a strange cloud forms over the volcano, completely covering the crater, like a mushroom cap.

Volcano Karymsky

This volcano is the most active among all the others. There have been more than twenty eruptions in a century. Moreover, many of them continued for years, replacing one after another. Eruptions here are explosive. In 1962, the most powerful of them occurred, lasting for three whole years. More than 3,000 cubic meters flew out in one explosion. meters of dust and gases. In just a day, about nine hundred such emissions could occur. Before climbing to the top, it is worth stopping at the Maly Semyachik ridge, as it offers a breathtaking view of the surrounding area.

The eruption at night looks unusual. Glowing clouds of smoke, fire and ash burst upward, illuminating everything around. With especially strong explosions, the spectacle looks even more exciting.

The history of its origin is quite complicated, but it is worth understanding it in order to understand the specificity of the mountain formation. Prior to Karymsky, there was the Dvor volcano. It ceased to develop after the strongest eruption, which destroyed it almost completely. In the caldera, which appeared immediately after the explosion, the Karymsky volcano formed over time. But he also met with a sad end. Because of similar eruption was destroyed central part volcano. Over time, a new cone rose on the new caldera, which has been preserved to this day. At its foot, a volcanological station was built to maintain safety.

Volcano Maly Semyachik

This volcano stretches for three kilometers and is famous for its three craters. In one of them, an acidic lake formed over time. Its temperature ranges from 27 to 45 degrees. A large number of salt and other minerals made its composition similar to sulfuric acid. lakes also surprise with a mark of almost a kilometer. According to assumptions, the lake was formed relatively recently during one of the eruptions.

Today, the volcano is considered one of the wonders of Kamchatka. If you still got to him, then you simply have to climb to the top. There you will see huge lake acid green. IN sunny weather you can go down directly into the crater to the beach and have a closer look at the waters of the lake. But soon you will have to go back, as it will begin to spit out its waters.

Volcano Gorely

It would be more appropriate to call the volcano Gorely Ridge. This name most accurately describes its structure. It is elongated in a western direction, and is considered a typical volcano formed from a caldera. Gorely rises to 1829 meters and has 11 craters. They intersect so interestingly that a funny picture is created. Those craters that have ever erupted are ring-shaped and filled with acidic lakes. In one of its parts, the caldera sank due to faults and formed a kind of gate on its walls. In these places, lava flowed freely outside the volcano. Later, these holes were plugged with lava.

Volcano Avachinsky

It has a complex structure similar to the Vesuvius volcano. It rises at an altitude of 2751 meters. The Avachinsky crater has a diameter of 350 meters and a depth of 220. But at the end of the 20th century, during a strong eruption, the crater funnel was almost completely filled with lava with the formation of fumaroles depositing sulfur.

Volcano Koryaksky

This is a stratovolcano with a surprisingly regular, even cone, rising to 3256 meters. Numerous glaciers descend from its summit. Fumaroles form near the summit, warming the interior of the crater. The volcano is amazing with an abundance of numerous rocks and volcanic rocks.

Volcano Dzenzursky

The Dzenzursky volcano has long been destroyed. A glacier formed in its crater. A 100 sq. meters. Thanks to him, the temperature inland waters is almost 100 degrees.

Volcano Vilyuchinsky

It is located near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The volcano is believed to have been extinct for a long time. Its top is, as it were, cut off, forming small areas filled with ice. The lava that flowed from the volcano became multi-colored due to the fumarole. Volcanic slopes are completely covered with barrancos filled with ice and firn.

Volcano Ostry Tolbachik

It has a sharp roof formed by a glacier. Its height is 3682 meters. The foot of Tolbachik is covered with glaciers. The most prominent of them is the Schmidt Glacier. From here you can clearly see the barrancos cutting the ledges of Tolbachik. In the west they have unusual dikes of basaltic origin. They are of interest to both researchers and ordinary tourists. From the side, dikes closely resemble battlements and stocks.

Volcano Ksudach

The volcano is a cropped cone, the craters of which are filled with acidic lakes. They have a small height of only 1000 meters. The volcano formed during the Pleistocene and then had a height of 2000 meters. Volcanic activity continued with some stops. In this regard, numerous calderas of different age and size were formed.

Ksudach is considered the most unusual volcano in Kamchatka. And all because there are lakes with clean water on its territory, alder forests grow, and a waterfall originates from the caldera.

Volcano Mutnovsky

This is a volcanic massif of complex structure, 2323 meters high, surrounded by fumarole zones. It has several craters, next to which is a hot mineral spring, famous for its seething boilers and warm reservoirs. Not far away is the Vulkannaya River, which forms a huge waterfall.

The concept of an active volcano from the point of view of science is relative, because. some of them, considered extinct, brought some of the most catastrophic consequences in world history. For example, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, the El Chichon volcano in 198, Pinatubo in 1991, and Unzen in 1990-1993 in Japan. In Kamchatka, an indicator of such activity was the eruption of the Bezymyanny building in the middle of the 20th century.

At the moment, among volcanologists, there is a definition of an "active volcano" as a certain formation, which is characterized by eruptions documented by history, as well as those on which fumarole or solfataric activity is manifested. In connection with this definition, an international Catalog of active volcanoes of the World was compiled, including solfataric fields / solfataric activity.

However, the definition of a historical eruption is also relative, as "historical chronicle" appeared in different regions of the world in different time. Sometimes this statement is true even for regions of one country.

Active volcanoes of Kamchatka

With regards to Kamchatka, of the existing ones, the first and only one discovered at the end of the 17th century was Klyuchevskaya Sopka. Thanks to the work of Krasheninnikov and Steller, the description of the number of active volcanic massifs in Kamchatka has increased. In the 40s-50s of the XVIII century, such giants as Avachinskaya Sopka, Tolbachik, Zhupanovsky and Shiveluch, Kambalny and Koshelevsky were discovered. Also, these scientists described the eruptions of some of them: Avachinsky, Klyuchevsky and Plosky Tolbachik.

Later, the "Map of Kamchatka Volcanoes" compiled by N.G. Kellem included Kizimen, Kikhpinych, Shtyubel and Karymsky in the current composition. There were 12 of them in total.

Catalog P.T. Novograblenov in 1931 numbered 19. He was the first in Kamchatka to form the concept of an active volcano, describing it as periodically active and in the stage of solfataric activity.

I.I. Gushchenko, in turn, gave a division of mountain ranges into 3 categories: active with exact dates of eruptions in history; potentially active, with an approximate date of eruptions not exceeding 3500 years; as well as being in the stage of solfataric activity. List active volcanoes was expanded to 32x.

Subsequent changes in the number of active volcanoes in Kamchatka remain a mystery, since An exact definition of this concept has not yet been found.

List - how many active volcanoes are in Kamchatka

• Avachinsky. Included in the group of home volcanoes. Beautifully built, with a regular cone, rises close to the capital Kamchatka Territory. On different sites and slopes on this moment fumaroles and sulfur deposits were found. During moments of activity, its crater fills with lava. Dates of last manifestations: 1909, 1926, 1938, 1945, 1991, 2001. The volcano is dangerous during the period of activity, both for local and international airlines. Ashfalls are possible in settlements: Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yelizovo, Vilyuchinsk.
• Nameless. He confirmed the title of the current one with his catastrophic outburst of 1955-1956, after resting for 1000 years. In this connection, at the moment it is under constant monitoring.
• Gachmen. No historical eruptions have been recorded. It is under satellite monitoring.
• Burnt. Represented by three cones, merged together and elongated in the western and northwestern directions. There are 11 craters on the top. The last eruptions occurred in 1931, 1932, 1947, 1961, 1980, 1984, 2010-2014. Ash falls are possible in Paratunka, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yelizovo.
• Wild Comb. This giant is located in South Kamchatka. The largest extrusion facility within the borders of the Kuril-Kamchatka region. The last claim about itself dates back to 1.5 thousand years ago. It was in the activity of this volcano that the longest periods of rest were found - 3500 years.
• Zheltovsky. Emissions were observed in 1923. It is under satellite monitoring.
• Zhupanovsky. The last manifestations of activity were noticed in 1929, 1940, 1956, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016. Emissions pose a risk during the validity period to domestic and international airlines. Ashfalls are possible in nearby settlements: Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yelizovo, Paratunka.

• Ilyinsky. The last activity is observed from 1907. It is under satellite monitoring. The eruption and its fragmental avalanches are of particular danger for the Kuril Lake, due to its close location.
• Ichinsky. It is the largest volcanic structure in Central Kamchatka. The date of the last eruption is approximately 1650. The volcano is dangerous during the active phase for local and international airlines.
• Kambalny. The last activity is observed from 1769. It is under satellite monitoring.
• Karymsky. The most active building in Eastern Kamchatka. The last eruptions date back to 1955, 1960, 1970, 1976, 1996. It is under satellite and seismic monitoring. When ejected, the ash rises mainly for 3 km, and its plume usually stretches for southbound. The danger is for local airlines.
• Kizimen. The date of the last eruption is 2013. A conical stratovolcano with a small lava dome on top. The height of the ash emission can reach 10 km. The volcano is dangerous during the period of activity, both for local and international airlines.
• Kikhpinych. The last emissions were about 600 years ago.
• Klyuchevskaya Sopka. Age 7000 years. The most famous volcano not only in Kamchatka, but throughout Eurasia. Due to its proximity to Klyuchi, it poses a serious threat when active. Eruptions are characterized by ash clouds, mud and lava flows. Their duration can reach from several months to half a year, and ash plumes stretch for thousands of kilometers in different directions. The volcano poses a danger during the period of activity for local and international airlines.
• Komarov. History-dated eruptions have not been found. The volcano is classified as active, in connection with the solfataric activity found in the crater.
• Koryaksky. The last time this giant showed itself in 2009. The volcano is dangerous during the period of activity for airlines of any level. Seismic, webcam, satellite and visual monitoring is carried out.

• Koshelev. The last activity is observed from 1690. It is under satellite monitoring.
• Krasheninnikov. Historical eruptions date back 1100 years ago, while the latest ones have been dated 600 and 400 years ago. The building is approximately 11,000 years old. There is a strong possibility of emissions, ash clouds and lava flows in the future.
• Kronotsky. The last activity took place in 1922-1923. Perfect cone shape. All activity of the volcano is confined to its southern slope. Ash clouds, ash falls, and lava flows are possible.
• Ksudach. The last manifestations were observed from 1907. It is under satellite monitoring.
• Small Semyachik. The last eruptions took place in 1851, 1852, 1945, 1952. This is a volcanic ridge, the length of which is 3 km. The crater of the youngest cone contains a thermal lake. It is under satellite monitoring.
• Mutnovsky. A complex building of 4 formations. Recent eruptions from 1945, 1960, 1996, 2000, 2007, 2013. It is under visual and satellite monitoring.
• Opal. Last activity 1776. The volcano is under satellite monitoring.
• Plosky Tolbachik proved himself in 2013. Its height is 3085 m. Plosky Tolbachik and the adjacent sharp Tolbachik together form a separate massif. Terminal and explosive eruptions are dangerous. The volcano is dangerous during the period of activity for airlines of any value.

• Taunshitz, located within the Eastern Volcanic Zone. Its activity was noted as early as the early Holocene, about 8.5 thousand years ago the strongest eruption, which resulted in the collapse of the slope of the cone and the formation of a crater 1.5 km in diameter, as well as an extrusive dome in it. 2400 years ago, another no less strong manifestation of activity is associated with this dome.
• Ushkovsky. Together with the Krestovsky volcano they represent one mountain range. The age is 60,000 years. Its eruptions are similar to those in Iceland. When the ice melts, mud flows are possible with catastrophic consequences, because. they go to the valleys of the rivers Bilchenok, Kozyrevskaya and Kamchatka. The volcano poses a danger during the period of activity for local and international airlines.
• Khangar. The youngest eruptions date back 400 years ago. Due to the long dormancy, its subsequent activity can be catastrophic, so it will pose a danger to local and international airlines.
• Walker. Also known for its eruption that occurred 2-2.5 thousand years ago. With such a long period of calm, there is an assumption that subsequent eruptions will be explosive catastrophic, and therefore, it will be a danger to local and international airlines.
• Shiveluch. The largest volcano in Kamchatka. Includes 3 main buildings, one of which - Young Shiveluch, is active. The age reaches 70,000 years. The height of ash emissions can reach from 3 to 20 km, ash clouds stretch for hundreds of kilometers. In this regard, this giant is a danger during the period of activity for local and international airlines.

Watch our new video from the unique tour "Legends of the North"

Coming to Kamchatka. be sure to go on a tour to one of the active volcanoes - this is an experience of a lifetime!

The volcanoes of Kamchatka are located on the territory of the Kamchatka Territory and are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire - an area in the ocean where the majority of active volcanoes are located and many earthquakes occur.

It is difficult to say exactly how many volcanoes are located on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Various sources mention from several hundred to more than a thousand volcanoes, and they are included in the list world heritage UNESCO. Currently, there are about 28 active volcanoes among them, others last time erupted about 1,000 or even 4,000 years ago.

1. As it turns out, at the moment we have already accumulated a fairly decent collection of Kamchatka volcanoes, such that it is not a shame to show it to the general public.

Let's start, of course, with Tolbachiki

2. Well, immediately Big and Small Udina. Two extinct volcanoes, which are the southernmost in the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes

3. Bolshaya Udina constantly climbed into the frame during the filming of the Tolbachik eruption

5. Killer whales hunt fish (and we killer whales) against the backdrop of Vilyuchinskaya Sopka. The volcano is an extinct stratovolcano, represented by a regular cone with a height of 2,175 m above sea level

6. "Home volcanoes": Koryaksky, Avachinsky and Kozelsky, respectively

7. Avachinsky Sopka and Kozelsky volcano closer

8. Avachinskaya Sopka - an active volcano in Kamchatka, in the southern part of the Eastern Range, north of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

9. Koryakskaya Sopka or simply Koryaksky - an active volcano in Kamchatka, 35 km north of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

10. This is Kuril Lake. Volcano Kambalny and the islet Heart of Alaid against its background

11. Ilyinskaya Sopka is a dormant stratovolcano located in the southern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula near Kuril Lake and Kuril Lake. I wonder how the trees turned out in the photo, pressed by the wind from the lake

12. Ilinskaya Sopka and bears

13. Zheltovsky volcano is a mysterious place for me. There is almost nothing about him on the internet.

14. The second steepest volcano after Tolbachik is Ksudach. Located on the territory of South Kamchatka to the west of the coast Pacific Ocean

15. On the edge of the Stuebel cone (just a funny name)

16. View of the Ksudacha caldera from itself high point- rocky mountains

17. Khodutka - a potentially active stratovolcano in Kamchatka and Priemysh - an extinct volcano, located northwest of Khodutka volcano, is smaller and belongs to more ancient formations. Twice they were going to climb there, but so far, alas, no way. Hot river and calluses break even the most persistent

18. Just a Walker with just a cloud

19. Eternal Mutnovka. The third steepest volcano. Mutnovsky Volcano is one of the largest volcanoes in South Kamchatka, located 70 km from the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

20. One of the craters of the Mutnovsky caldera

21. Gorely volcano. Active volcano, located in the south of Kamchatka, belongs to the East Kamchatka volcanic belt

22. Gorely against the backdrop of Mutnovsky volcano

23. Karymsky. This one has only been seen from a helicopter a few times. An active volcano in Kamchatka, within the Eastern Range. The absolute height is 1468 m, the top is a regular truncated cone

24. He is the same, but from the other side. Although what are the sides of the cone?

25. Semyachik volcano. The crater looks like a deep funnel with a diameter of about 700 m, slightly oval. This one was also seen from a helicopter only. And in all the pictures for some reason only the lake in the whole frame

26. And the helicopter always spins right above the crater, as luck would have it

27. Kronotsky volcano. Active volcano on east coast Kamchatka. Height 3528 m, the top is a regular ribbed cone

28. He is also the lake of the same name

29. Twix - a sweet couple: Klyuchevskoy volcano and an extinct stratovolcano Kamen

30. Separately Klyuchevskoy volcano. An active stratovolcano in the east of Kamchatka. With a height of 4850 m, it is the highest active volcano on the Eurasian continent. The age of the volcano is approximately 7,000 years

31. Separately Volcano Stone

32. Kizimen is an active volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula. On November 11, 2010, a new eruption began, which is accompanied by an outpouring of a powerful lava flow. At its foot there are semi-mythical hot springs with a fashionable hostel. But you can get there in a reasonable time (or for a reasonable price) only by helicopter.

33. Kizimen active

34. Ushkovsky against the background of Klyuchevsky and Stone (with a toilet booth in a glorious village in the foreground)

35. This was a small overview of the volcanoes of Kamchatka

Website materials used: http://daypic.ru/nature/177334

The island on which the volcano stands is its main mass. The base area is approximately three by three kilometers.

The volcano is a regular neat cone-shaped mound, consisting of a variety of rocks andesites. The height of the hill does not even reach 1000 meters. At the top of the volcano is a crater dotted with rocks and cracks. Its diameter is about 450 meters.

The slopes of Shirinka are disfigured by small cracks, depressions and flows of solidified lava. Some trickles reached the sea, but no evidence of a volcanic eruption was preserved anywhere. Scientists can only speculate on the obvious facts surrounding the hill from all sides. There are guesses that the volcano is not at all young, but appeared more than a million years ago on the site of another ancient volcano.

Volcano Severgin

The island of Harimkotan, on which the volcano is located, in fact, completely protrudes from the ground part of the hill. Its area is approximately 60 square kilometers. The hill is a regular cone-shaped layered mound, consisting of rocks of andesites and basalts. In addition, the slopes of the hill are strewn with frozen flows of once-burning lava, ash and volcanic dust.

At the moment, the volcano is active and is under the close supervision of the volcanic station. Only at the end of the 19th century, three powerful explosions were recorded that destroyed the sharp cone of the volcano. In the last century, the Severgin Upland made itself felt only twice. Last eruption dated 1933.

Volcano Zavaritsky

Volcano Zavoritsky in its structure is a small hill. She is about 600 meters tall. Zavoritsky has an attractive group of calderas, which are located on the very peak of the volcano. There are three of them, ten, eight and three kilometers in diameter. In the smallest recess, Turquoise Lake was formed. Its depth reaches in some places up to 70 meters.

As for eruptions, the Zavoritsky volcano exploded several times in the 20th century. The first was around 1931. Then, from powerful shocks on the lake under water, the rock was displaced, and a small island appeared. The second eruption in 1957 reduced the area of ​​Turquoise. To date, the volcano shows little activity. Mostly thermal emissions.

The volcano got its name from the geologist A.N. Zavaritsky, who repeatedly assembled expeditions to the volcano.

Volcano Koryakskaya Sopka

The Koryakskaya Sopka is the highest in the Kamchatka Territory. Its height reaches almost 3500 meters. Not every volcano can boast of this. At the top of the hill is a regular crater with small rims. The depression is approximately 200 meters in diameter. The crater is covered with centuries-old ice and snowfields.

The volcano is made up of a variety of rocks. The most common are andesite, basalt. In addition, the slopes of the volcano are covered with slag, solidified lava, dust and ash.

At the foot of the Koryakskaya hill there is a forest consisting entirely of stone birch and cedar.

As for volcanic eruptions, they periodically occur, but now they are insignificant than they used to be. The last largest explosion on the Koryakskaya Sopka occurred around 5000 BC.

Fussa Volcano

Fussa Volcano occupies the south western part islands. Its age is just over 40 thousand years. Nearest locality from the volcano is about 70 kilometers.

In appearance, the hill is very beautiful. It is a huge cone-shaped embankment, consisting of various andesite rocks, including lava slags. The height of the volcano is about 2000 meters. At the top, Fusso is truncated, forming a small crater with a diameter of about 700 meters and a depth of 300 meters.

Little is known about the volcano. Even about eruptions, only one date, 1854, appears. Its scientists consider the last active action of Fuss. Although today the volcano is also active. Periodically, volcanic dust or gases are ejected from the crater.

Volcano Krenitsyn

The Krenitsyn Volcano is an unusual shape - a volcano within a volcano. Its height is just over 1000 meters. At the top of the main hill there is an evenly cut crater. Its cavity is occupied by Lake Koltsevoe, which is filled with water with the help of natural precipitation and small mountain streams. The diameter of the reservoir is about seven kilometers. Along the edges it is surrounded by the remains of an ancient ruined volcano. In the center of the Ring Tower rises another sharp cone a little over 500 meters high. The diameter of the cone platform is approximately 17 kilometers.

The structure of the volcano consists of various rocks of basalt and andesites. On the slopes of the main cone, frozen streams of burning lava have been preserved, which are more than one hundred years old. At the foot of Krenitsyn, the territory was filled with dwarf pine and stone birch.

Vilyuchinsky volcano

The total height of the hill reaches approximately 2000 meters. The mighty hill is a cone-shaped embankment, consisting of various rocks. The volcano is completely dotted with basalts and andesites, which are mixed with ice formations. The frozen lava has long been modified after several millennia, because the last volcanic eruption occurred around 8050 BC.

The slopes of the embankment are pointed and convex. On the one hand, a beautiful waterfall falls from them. On the other hand, hot springs flow from the volcano. In some places, gases come out from under the stones. This extraordinary spectacle is insanely mesmerizing. Trust me, it's worth seeing.

Volcano Ebeko

Ebeko is a layered volcano measuring just over 1000 meters. It is a huge cone-shaped mound, consisting of andesites and basalts. The volcano formed over 2500 years ago.

Three craters are located at the top of the hill at once. They have diameters of approximately 200 meters and a depth of 100 meters. They are at the bottom of a huge somma, surrounded by high rocky sides. Springs, geysers, and hot lakes of greenish-blue color beat in each crater. This shade comes from a large number chemical elements. The scientist K. Zelenov took a sample of the liquid and found iron, manganese, and sulfur in it. All this "wealth" of the volcano with the help of mountain rivers and streams enters the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

Like many other volcanoes in the Kuriles, Ebeko often erupted. Explosions have been recorded since 1793. There were nine in total. The last eruption was recorded by seismologists in 2010.

Volcano Bogdan Khmelnitsky

The volcano is a huge cone-shaped mound, which consists mainly of basalts. This is the most common rock in the Kuriles. The height of the volcano is about 1500 meters. It got its name in honor of the great military commander Khmelnitsky. Near Bogdan Khmelnitsky there is another volcano - Chirip. Together they make up the Two-Hump Range.

By the way, this confluence of two hills is considered the most popular among tourists. People come here specially to climb to the top and look at the Sea of ​​Okhotsk from a bird's eye view. At the foot of the volcanoes there are many camp sites that offer accommodation and all the necessary climbing equipment. During the ascent there are already prepared places to rest.

So, at an altitude of 1000 meters on a hill there is Lake Lost. There you can make a halt and dial fresh water. She is nowhere to be found above. Although, many tourists do not disdain meltwater from glaciers, which are very numerous at the top.

Volcano Chikurachki

The age of Chikurachka is about 50 thousand years. It is a complex volcano. Its height is approximately 1800 meters. It is a neat cone-shaped embankment, consisting of andesite rocks, as well as volcanic dust, ash and slag. At the top of the hill there is a regular crater. Its diameter reaches 450 meters. Along the edges of the depression are high sides. Inside the crater is a volcanic plug.

Because of frequent eruptions nothing grows near the volcano. Living organisms categorically do not perceive frozen lava, and a lot of it has spilled over the entire history of the existence of the volcano. Eruptions began in the 19th century. In one century, there are three largest explosions. At the present time, the volcano worries almost every year. The last eruption was recorded in 2008. For the past five years he has not made himself known. Seismologists consider it an unpredictable volcano, so they keep a close eye on it.

Volcano Kuntomintar

Kuntomintar is formed by the type of layered volcanoes. It looks like a cone-shaped embankment, which consists of a variety of rocks. Mostly basalt and andesite are found. From the satellite, the volcano looks like a figure eight or glasses. Its height is approximately 800 meters. Its location is quoted in the very center of the Nikonov Peninsula.

At the top of Kuntomintara is a huge crater. The recess is filled with glaciers and snowfields.

There is very little information about this volcano in history. Many scientists assumed that Kuntomintar erupted in 1872. The explosion was so powerful that it completely destroyed the nearby village of local residents. But this information is false. The village was destroyed by an eruption from another volcano.

There are suggestions that the last eruption of Kuntomintara did occur in 1927. But then again, there is no exact confirmation of this.

Volcano Baransky

The volcano got its name from the geographer N.N. Baranov, who conducted research in the Kuriles. The size of the Baransky volcano is about 1000 meters. The hill is a cone-shaped mound, which consists of various rocks of basalt and andesites. The top is decorated with a cut crater. Its diameter is approximately 600 meters. All walls and sides of the depression are neatly lined with rare types of natural stones. There is another crater on the volcano, located on the southwestern slope. Mud boilers function in it and thermal waters come out.

History has recorded many eruptions of Baransky. The most memorable and by the way the last was in 1951. Today, gases and occasionally volcanic dust come out of the hill.

The Okeanskaya power plant operates near the hill. It was built in 2007.

Volcano Golovnin

This volcano is beautiful not for its size, but for its multiple craters. The height of Golovnin is only about 500 meters. One of the calderas has a diameter of about five kilometers. The edges are surrounded by high sides. There are four domes in the depression. One of them is occupied by Lake Boiling. In another part of the caldera, Lake Hot is located.

Life is in full swing in Lake Boiling, despite the fact that chemical elements predominate there - hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide. During the reactions, there is a constant precipitation of sulfur, which is found throughout the crater. She is in the film of the reservoir, and in the sand on the shore, and even settles at the bottom. It does not harm small fish at all. They perfectly live in hot springs, mud pots and steam-gas jets.

Another lake - Hot is also rich in living creatures. His maximum depth reaches 60 meters. The total area of ​​the reservoir is three square kilometers. In addition to fish, crustaceans are also found in the lake.

Volcano Naked

The age of the volcano is approximately 3000 million years. Naked is located near the mountain river Asacha. With its thyroid composition, it is connected with other hills in the upper reaches of the reservoir.

The hill is a cone-shaped mound, consisting exclusively of basalt rocks. The exact height of Golay is 858 meters. Due to the basalt, the volcano is almost white in color. For its corrugated forms, the locals jokingly nicknamed the volcano a naked woman. The second word of the nickname was lost and the hill remained simply Naked. The name has remained the same. The top of the volcano is decorated with a small depression strewn with snowfields and glaciers.

Throughout its history, the volcano erupted several dozen times, but it did not bring any special destructive effects. The date of the last explosion has not been established by scientists.

Sights of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

The Kamchatka Peninsula is the most unique mountainous region in Russia. The Kamchatka Territory is located in the northeast of Russia. It occupies the territory of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the part of the mainland adjacent to the north of the peninsula, as well as the island of Karaginsky and the Commander Islands (Bering and Medny). Washed from the west by waters Sea of ​​Okhotsk, from the east - the waters of the Pacific Ocean and its Bering Sea. There are many sights in Kamchatka, but the most important and impressive thing for which it is famous is volcanoes, its “stone torches”. There are few places on the planet where you can see so many volcanoes at the same time.

Tourists are attracted by the exotic. This unique beauty landscapes; rafting on fast mountain rivers; climbing volcanoes and observing the eruption of one, and sometimes two or three of the 30 active Kamchatka volcanoes; skiing and snowboarding in the summer from the snow-covered slopes of the mountains; bathing in healing thermal mineral springs; visiting bird colonies, rookeries of sea animals, Uzon volcano caldera and beautiful valley geysers - one of the seven wonders of Russia, as well as the opportunity to get acquainted with the most interesting ancient culture of the indigenous peoples of the North - Koryak, Itelmen, Even and Chukchi. But still, back to volcanoes….

The volcanoes of Kamchatka are an unforgettable sight. In Kamchatka, there are several active and many extinct volcanoes, which occupy about 40% of the peninsula. Active volcanoes mean not only active, ejecting magma, but also showing fumarolic activity. In general, during the historical period there were not so many eruptions dangerous to human life. Volcanoes and the areas around them are constantly changing.

The volcanoes of Kamchatka are not known for their bloodthirstiness: in the memory of the people living here, there are not so many eruptions that could become deadly. The dark silhouette of the volcano in the clear pre-dawn sky does not pose a threat - for the inhabitants of Kamchatka, this is usually a sign of good weather. And yet, being close to volcanoes, it is difficult to convince yourself that these are nothing more than geological objects.

Each of the Kamchatka volcanoes is beautiful in its own way. There are more than three hundred of them on the peninsula, and twenty-nine of them continue to operate!

The cheapest tickets from Petersburg to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and back

Uzon Caldera

The caldera (the term refers to the ring-shaped failure) of the Uzon volcano was formed about 40 thousand years ago on the site of a huge volcano, destroyed by a series of explosive eruptions.
The last cataclysm inside the caldera (8500 years ago) left a trace in the form of an explosive funnel about a kilometer in diameter. Over the following centuries of active hydrothermal activity, a unique symbiosis of volcanism and wildlife. The bottom of the caldera is a fairly flat lowland, raised above the sea by 650 meters. The sides, composed of black basalts, rise another 500-960 meters. The lowest parts of the caldera are swampy and tundra areas in the southwest and west. There is a large, but shallow and cold Central Lake, a warm, non-freezing Fumarole Lake and a lot of small and medium warm and cold lakes and swamps. From the south, swampy, swampy tundra with areas of dry glades, abundantly overgrown with berries - blueberries, honeysuckle and shiksha, also approaches the thermal field.

In the east and northeast, there is a slight increase in the level of the caldera floor. Here, as well as on the low hills in the western part of the caldera, the evergreen elfin cedar grows. In the central part, closer to the northern side of the caldera, there are rare clumps of fairly tall birch trees. There are both Kamchatka stone birches with curved branches disfigured by outgrowths, as well as straight-trunked ones.

Being on the territory of the Kronotsky Reserve, Uzon is classified as a specially protected natural site.

The diameter of the caldera is about 10 kilometers, and in it, behind the steep walls, as if in a museum, almost everything that Kamchatka is famous for is “collected”: hot springs and cold rivers, poisonous mud boilers and clear lakes, full of fish, berry tundra and birch forest, mountains and swamps, animals and birds. Geologists and botanists, geochemists and microbiologists, zoologists and volcanologists - scientists of various specialties strive to get to Uzon. Here, in hot springs, as if in laboratory retorts, natural minerals are born; incredible algae and bacteria live in the burning solution, for which poisonous boiling water is the most desirable environment; huge bears, shrouded in steam, roam the hot Uzon clay; swans call to one another on warm lakes:

There is hardly a place on Earth where autumn beauty would be as bright as it is short. Autumn Uzon is unforgettable: the tundra furiously turns red, stone birches sparkle with gold, columns of steam, like the smoke of sacrificial fires, rise vertically into the blue sky. In the mornings, soft music sounds in the birch groves: it is falling, ringing, frosty leaves. But with the very first flurries of autumn storms, foliage flies around, the tundra fades under frosts, and only mud pots boil and boil multi-colored clay.

Volcano Klyuchevskoy

The largest active volcano in Eurasia. Height - 4750 meters above sea level. It has an almost perfect, unusually beautiful cone. It is part of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes along with Kamen, Bezymyanny, Plosky Tolbachik and others. The age of the volcano is about 8000 years.
The first eruption of the Klyuchevskoy volcano was recorded in 1697 during his famous campaign by Vladimir Atlasov, the conqueror of Kamchatka. On average, volcanic eruptions occurred once every five years, in some periods - annually, sometimes continuously for several years. However, they never posed a serious danger to the city of Klyuchi, which is located 30 kilometers from the volcano. Eruptions are accompanied by explosions, gas-ash emissions and ash falls.

Grayish clouds of vapors and gases swirl over its top without ceasing. When there is no wind, they rise in a column to the sky and, having reached the atmospheric current somewhere, they stretch out into the distance in a giant plume. The soaring either weakens or intensifies, and then explosions are heard, a reddish glow flashes above the top.

This usual state for it can last for years, but once every 5–6 years, and sometimes less, having accumulated a reserve of energy, the volcano enters the next active phase of its activity. Powerful explosions continuously follow each other, red-hot volcanic bombs fly out in thousands, luminous lava flows flow down the slopes, ash clouds rise for many kilometers, covering the surroundings with a gray coating of ash, turning a sunny day into twilight or a dark night.

This is a relatively low (1486 meters) and relatively young volcano - the most active volcano in Kamchatka. In the 20th century alone, 23 eruptions occurred, the last one began in 1996 and, gradually fading, lasted more than two years. Karymsky eruptions are accompanied by explosions, ash emissions, and bombs from the central crater. As a rule, the lavas of the Karymsky volcano are so viscous that the fiery streams do not always reach the foot of the volcano. And although the height of the volcano compared to volcanoes Klyuchevskoy Sopka small, nevertheless, it is clearly distinguished by the relief of its regular, slightly truncated cone-shaped top, on which there is a shallow (about 30 meters) bowl-shaped crater.

The last eruption of Karymsky was different in that simultaneously with it, an underwater eruption began in Karymsky Lake, which is located 6 kilometers from the volcano. During those 18-20 hours that the eruption lasted, more than 100 underwater explosions occurred, accompanied by "tsunami" waves up to 15 meters high. The lake literally boiled: its temperature rose sharply, and the content of salts and acids quickly reached such a concentration that all lake life perished, including the herd of "kokan" - lake sockeye salmon, specially settled in Karymsky Lake by ichthyologists. As a result of this eruption, Karymskoye Lake turned from an ultra-fresh reservoir into the world's largest natural reservoir with acidic water.

Volcano Maly Semlyachik(Small Semyachik)

This is a volcanic ridge about three kilometers long, on the crest of which there are three craters. The site of modern activity is the southwestern part of the summit of the volcano, which is a deep oval funnel with a diameter of about 860 m - the Troitsky crater. Troitsky crater was formed about 400 years ago as a result of powerful explosion with subsequent collapses. Modern eruptions of the Troitsky crater occurred in 1804, 1852-1854.

At the bottom of the crater is a lake with light green water. The unusual color of the water is caused by small particles of sulfur carried by underwater fumaroles.

IN crater lake the deposition of sandy layers was discovered, which was interrupted by the outpouring of lava. But later, in the same crater, the formation of sandstone began again, cemented then by iron oxides. Scientists believe that this combination can lead to the formation of new life.

Maly Semlyachik is the only active volcano in the area with known eruptions. Today, Maly Semyachik is one of the wonders of Kamchatka's nature, and anyone who has managed to reach its foot is simply obliged to climb to the edge of the crater. The spectacle that opens up to the eyes is unforgettable: a two-hundred-meter crater sinkhole, a steaming green lake, a riot of colors on the inner walls. In clear windy weather, you can go down into the crater. You can stand on the slate-black beach, admiring the emerald, poisonous surf and tornado-like "genies" rising above the surface of the lake. But the coastal "breeze" that causes coughing will soon force you to leave this abode of underground "spirits".

Volcano Gorely

60 km in a straight line from Petropavlovsk, on the high Gorelinsky Dole, 900–1000 meters above sea level, there is an active Gorely volcano. The volcano is a ridge-shaped massif 1829 meters high, rising from the bottom of an elliptical caldera. Previously, there was a large shield volcano with a base diameter of about 30 km. Its top part sank, forming a 9 × 14 km caldera, from the bottom of which eruptions began through a chain of craters that appeared at different times. The craters overlapped each other, the growing cones merged. As a result, a modern elongated massif was formed.

The remains of an old volcano surround the caldera with a low ridge. The bottom of the caldera in the northern and southern parts is flat, covered with sand, slag and lava fragments. Gorely volcano, which is a chain of 11 craters superimposed on each other, with lakes, fumaroles, and also with many (about 40) side cinder cones with lava flows. During volcanic eruptions in the past, lava eruptions alternated with ejections of loose materials. Lava flows and blocks cover almost the entire bottom of the caldera and the slopes of the central cones. Lava flows also flowed outside the caldera. One of them - the northwestern one - stretched to the Levaya Karymchina River for 9 km, the other - the southwestern one, 15 km long, filled a large section of the valley Left Opal. Apparently, for the abundance of lava - "burnt rock" and the volcano got its name. In the last two centuries, only ash eruptions have occurred. Eruptions are clearly visible from Petropavlovsk.

With nondescript appearance of this volcano is quite a unique collection of various craters on its summit part.

Avachinsky is an active, complexly built beautiful volcano of the Somma-Vesuvius type, with a perfect regular cone 2751 meters above sea level. There is no consensus on the origin of the word Avacha. According to one version, the word "Avacha" takes its roots from the Itelmen name Avacha bay"Gshuabach". "Kshchu" - "bay", "Apache" - "father". According to another version, the Itelmens called the Avacha River "Suaacha", marked on the maps of the pioneers as "Vavacha" or "Avacha". And according to the third version, the word “Avachkh” means “fiery”, as the Itelmens called the Avachinsky volcano and the red-haired Russian Cossacks. What Itelmen word became the primary source in the formation of the word "Avacha" remains unknown.

Until recently, Avachinsky volcano was one of the most active in Kamchatka. It arose several tens of thousands of years ago, and its regular cone rose higher than the Koryak cone. But giant explosions demolished its upper part and formed a caldera with a diameter of almost 4 km. The last eruption of Avachinsky occurred on February 25, 1945.

The active volcano Koryakskaya Sopka (Streloshnaya Sopka) is a true handsome man, whose height surpasses all other volcanoes in the Avacha group, its height is 3456 meters. The cone of the volcano is also remembered because deep incisions are clearly visible on it, even if they are covered with snow. Koryaksky and Avachinsky are a magnificent panorama of the area, clearly visible for tens of kilometers.

The most active activity of the Koryaksky volcano coincided with Avachinsky, that is, it took place 7 and 3.5 thousand years ago. Volcano Koryakskaya Sopka has its own characteristics. They lie in the fact that it is very rarely in the active stage. Unlike its indefatigable neighbor Avachinsky, the Koryaksky volcano has awakened only three times in historical time and is still active, but its activity is very moderate.

To the northwest of the Zhupanovskaya Sopka volcano is the Dzendzur volcano. This is a large, but heavily destroyed stratovolcano, which is somewhat inferior in height to Zhupanovsky (its height is 2285 meters). WITH south side the crater formed a passage with frozen lava flows of a rare rope shape, along which the Zhelob stream flows.

There is no reliable information about the volcanic eruption in historical time. Of interest to tourists is the inspection of the Dzendzur fumarole field, the panorama that opens from the top of the volcano.

Volcano Vilyuchinsky

The Vilyuchinsky Volcano is located southwest of the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, immediately behind the Avacha Bay. natural park, included in 1996 in the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List in the nomination "Volcanoes of Kamchatka". On three sides, the volcano is surrounded by the picturesque valleys of the Vilyucha, Paratunka and Bolshaya Sarannaya rivers. The volcano got its name from Vilyuchinskaya Bay.

The volcano is extinct, represented by a regular cone, 2,173 meters high above sea level. To the north of Vilyuchinsky volcano there are volcanic formations represented by numerous small cinder cones and lava domes. Among them are two lakes - Green and Poplar, which owe their appearance to the activity of these volcanoes. At the base of the volcano, more acidic rock varieties are also noted, and hot springs are located in the southeastern part.

The volcanoes Ostry Tolbachik and Plosky Tolbachik (Tolbachik, Tolbachinskaya Sopka, Tuluach) form a large volcanic massif that occupies the entire southwestern part of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. The base of the massif is represented here by a Middle-Upper Pleistocene shield volcano. The diameter of this shield volcano is 22 km and the height is 1500 meters. By the end of the Upper Pleistocene, the Ostry and Plosky Tolbachiki volcanoes formed on this pedestal. These are two fused stratovolcanoes with characteristic features structure, morphology and completely independent centers of eruptions.

Ostry Tolbachik Volcano is a stratovolcano with a sharp, icy peak. southeastern part The summit is represented by a large open cirque of collapse. The volcano reaches a height of 3682 m. Its lower part is covered by a thick cover of ice and firn, which has also spread to the western part of the Plosky Tolbachik volcano. They are interesting both for scientists and for tourists, climbers. The volcano is dormant. It may have operated in the Holocene, in parallel with the Plosky Tolbachik volcano.

The caldera of the Ksudach volcano is a natural monument located on the territory of the South Kamchatka Natural Park, which was included in the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List in 1996 in the Volcanoes of Kamchatka nomination.

The ancient Ksudach volcano formed at the turn of the early and middle Pleistocene and reached a height of 2000 m. Its activity was rhythmically renewed several times, resulting in the formation of several calderas of different ages and volcanic cones.

All eastern part The calderas of the Ksudach volcano occupy two lakes, Klyuchevoe and Nizhnee. Lake Klyuchevoe has an oblong shape, its size is 4x2 km. From almost all sides it is surrounded by steep walls 400-500 meters high; on the northwestern shore are thermal springs that form the Hot Beach. The heated sand and pumice platform stretches for a distance of up to 200 meters. The outlets of thermal water are dispersed and seep through the fine pumice of the shore of Lake Klyuchevoe. Lake Nizhnee, 2 km long, has a runoff through the Teplaya River, which, a kilometer from the source, falls into a narrow gorge with a beautiful waterfall 10 meters high. natural complex unique color. Currently, Ksudach is in the stage of weak fumarolic and hydrothermal activity.

Ksudach, one of the most exotic sites in Kamchatka, has been declared a natural monument of a landscape-geological nature.

Mutnovsky Volcano (Mutnovsky Sopka, Mutnaya Sopka, Povorotnaya Sopka) is a natural monument, which is located partly on the territory of the South Kamchatka Natural Park, which was included in the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List in 1996 in the nomination "Volcanoes of Kamchatka".

Mutnovsky Volcano is one of the largest volcanoes in South Kamchatka, located 70 km from the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

The Vulkannaya River, cutting through the bottom and western walls of the Northeast Mutnovsky crater, forms a powerful eighty-meter waterfall at its exit, and below forms a deep canyon - Opasny. The canyon and waterfall give the volcano a unique aesthetic value and, along with other criteria, put it among the natural monuments of world importance.

Mutnovsky volcano is a unique object and for this reason attracts close attention of researchers and tourists.

Mutnovsky volcano is also famous for the fact that on its slope there is the only geothermal station in Kamchatka, and not far from it you can see a kind of mini-valley of geysers, which many consider to be no less beautiful than its more famous original. Also, not far from active craters, there are thermal springs, the most remarkable of which are Severo-Mutnovsky and Dachny with steam-gas jets, boiling boilers, warm lakes and heated swamps. The Vulkannaya River, leaving the crater, forms a waterfall 80 m high and forms a deep canyon "Opasny" in loose sediments. The combination of these features makes Mutnovsky unique and allows us to consider it on a par with the most outstanding thermal manifestations of the world.

On the banks of the Ozernaya River, there are the famous "Kutkhin Baty" - pumice "obelisks" resembling vertically placed giant boats. In accordance with the Itelmen legend, Kutkhu, the God and Creator of Kamchatka, lived for some time near the Kuril Lake before his departure from the peninsula and fished on the sea and on the lake in these stone boats. Leaving Kamchatka, Kutkhu put his baty on the shore, and since then this place has been considered sacred by the Kamchadals.

After the eruption, many volcanoes fall silent for many years, passing into the stage of fumarolic activity. A fumarole is a jet of gas with a very high temperature: 300-500 degrees C and even 800 degrees C. The outlets of vapors and gases with a lower temperature are called solfataras. Most of the active volcanoes of Kamchatka are in the fumarolic and solfataric phases of activity. The volcano is like a giant flask in which, according to the mysterious laws of nature, chemicals are mixed, heated and react.

Mud pots and mud volcanoes are small wonders of Kamchatka. They meet in different areas, but most of all - in the Uzon caldera and the Valley of Geysers. Just look at them with great care. Getting into boiling clay is much worse than just getting scalded: clay is not boiling water, it cools down slowly, and you can’t wash it off right away. One can only admire and envy the bears, looking how famously they cross the smoking thermal sites.

Mud volcanoes act almost like real ones: they both smoke and “erupt”, only the activation of their “volcanic activity” comes after rain, and in dry, hot weather, volcanoes “fall asleep”.

Kamchatka is famous not only for its natural resources, the beauty of landscapes and such amazing ordinary person natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, geysers gushing water and steam, salmon running. Kamchatka is also famous for its history.