Sea of ​​Azov sea type. Open left menu Sea of ​​Azov

Stanitsa Golubitskaya

A popular holiday destination on the Taman Peninsula. A small village (population a little over four thousand) is surrounded by greenery and vineyards and is located 8 km from the city of Temryuk (the nearest railway station is also located here), 55 km from Anapa (here is the nearest airport) and 149 km from Krasnodar.

Sandy, mixed with small shell rock, enriched with healthy minerals, the beaches of the village of Golubitskaya are ideal for families with children. Warm and shallow sea, sandy and flat bottom.

There are many natural attractions on the territory of the village. For example, Golubitskoye Lake is a large, but shallow lake with therapeutic mud, which is convenient for taking mud baths not only for adults, but also for children. Or amazing beauty estuaries overgrown with lotuses and representing an unforgettable sight during the flowering period.

From entertainment - the largest water park on the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, on the territory of which there is a guest house, which gives the right to free access to all recreational activities on the territory of the water park and the water park itself, as well as the Dolphinarium, where funny performances are held twice a day.

On Taman you can also visit ethnographic complex"Ataman" - an open-air museum dedicated to the life and life of the Cossacks, or go to an ostrich farm in Abinsk, visit the Tizdar mud volcano, take a horseback ride or take a boat trip along the Kuban River.

And there is also the opportunity to take a flight on a light aircraft of the Sky flying club and visit a sailing school, a windsurfing club or a paragliding center.

During the season, many residents rent out housing to vacationers. Right on the seashore next to the beach, you can rent, if desired, a guest house, a room in a boarding house or at a recreation center.

Stanitsa Dolzhanskaya (Dolzhanka)

The village of Dolzhanskaya is located on the Dolgaya Spit, 40 km from the city of Yeysk (the nearest airport is also located here). The nearest railway station from the village is Starominskaya, and Dolzhanka itself has its own pier.

Calm quiet rest without much entertainment in this small sea ​​village, which is a nature reserve with unique nature, also good for family vacation.

The sandy-shell sloping beach is located on the Dolgaya Spit, which goes into the sea for 11 kilometers and separates the Sea of ​​Azov and the Taganrog Bay.

Pine forest, steppe herbs and flowers enhance the healing effect of the local healing mud rich in minerals shell beaches. And all this as a whole creates a healing and very useful environment for the human body.

For accommodation - several guest houses and boarding houses and a hospitable private sector.

From entertainment, in addition to relaxing on the beach, enterprising locals offer horseback riding tours in the area and horseback riding lessons. Also, these places are very popular with windsurfers.

Yes, yes, this is the very famous one thanks to the popular comedy series resort village on the shore Sea of ​​Azov. To be honest, I didn't know it existed. . Kuchugury is located 80 kilometers from Anapa, 40 kilometers from the city of Temryuk, 25 kilometers from Kerch.

In Kuchugury - sand beach with fine golden sand and small shell rock and always clean, shallow Sea of ​​Azov in this place. The water is warm and warms up well. Just right for little kids.

The convenient location of the village allows you to get to the beach from any point on foot in no more than 15 minutes.

There is not much entertainment, but on the beach you can ride a "banana", fly on a parachute. Plus, it's a quiet place. relaxing holiday, fresh fruits and dishes from freshly caught fish - what else do you need for a relaxing holiday with children. Not far from the sea in the center of the village there is an amusement park for children "Emelya".

From housing - mainly the private sector. But there are mini-hotels, a small hotel, guest houses. From the names I remember the guest house "Matchmakers". Prices, according to reviews, are quite affordable.

Peresyp settlement

A small village, pleasant for families, is also located in the Temryuk region. Approximately 15 kilometers from the village of Kuchugury and 7 kilometers from the village of Golubitskaya. This is another great place for families with children. Sand and shell beaches on the Peresyp spit, shallow water, warm and clear sea. Very close to the Lotus Valley, healing lake"Blue Beam".

Resort Primorsko-Akhtarsk

Another resort Krasnodar Territory on the shores of the Sea of ​​Azov. The city is located 150 kilometers from Krasnodar (there is an airport here, there is also an airport in the city of Yeysk). In Primorsko-Akhtarsk itself there is a bus station, a railway station, a pier.

Several days were spent on choosing a place to stay. And, although I really liked the resorts of the Temryuk region, I had to postpone these options for the time being, because they are located farther away. And we would not want the trip by car to be very long and tiring. The city of Yeysk turned out to be the closest resort to us on the Sea of ​​Azov.

Yeysk is our choice

Yeysk - southern seaport in the northwestern part of the Krasnodar Territory with many parks, green alleys and shady squares and numerous beaches from the side of the Yeysk estuary and the Taganrog Bay.

Enough in Yeysk and children's entertainment:

• Water park "Nemo" on the shore of the Taganrog Bay on Primorskaya Embankment
• Dolphinarium (Shmidt St., 16/1)
• Crocodile canyon with amazing snakes, crocodiles, turtles (Schmidt st., 16/1)
• Children's center "Bingo-Bongo" (Krasnaya St., 74/2), where you can have a lot of fun and organized time with children of different ages
• Oceanarium " shark reef» (Schmidt st., 15/1).
• Park them. Poddubny with more than 30 types of attractions. This oldest park Kuban, which is located on the shores of the Taganrog Bay.

In addition, Yeysk is one of the best mud resorts on the Azov-Black Sea coast, with a healthy climate, a shallow, well-heated sea and sandy, shell and pebble beaches.

The resort is located at the base of the Yeisk Spit on the peninsula and is washed by the Sea of ​​Azov from three sides. Yeysk is located 180 kilometers from Rostov-on-Don and 250 kilometers from Krasnodar.

You can get to Yeysk in different ways: by car, by plane, or by water transport.

Peak rest was taken as the initial parameters. tourist season(second half of July), accommodation - in budget hotels(2-3 stars), location - near the sea and the beach area, food - set meals in inexpensive cafes, the cost of the tour, popular in this place, and the cost of a ticket for public transport, as well as the cost from the railway station or airport to the place of residence (but only for public transport). According to these parameters, the city of Yeysk entered the top five budget beach holiday. Here you can relax for 2140 rubles.

All this in general and in general, as well as the formed opinion based on the study of a large number of reviews already resting in these places with children, put an end to the choice. The only thing left to do was to find suitable housing. We counted on a budget in the range of 12-14 thousand for 7 days for four: two adults and two children.

Preference was given to mini-hotels, guest houses and turnkey houses. I want to say that good options for these dates were already, for the most part, booked. People took care of the future summer holiday. Therefore, they chose from what was left. Although, of course, sometimes the thought crept in: do not book anything, but go to the "maybe" and find your bearings on the spot. But we were traveling with kids. Therefore, the surprise factor could play a bad joke on us in this case.

The choice of housing in Yeysk

First, it was necessary to understand in which area it is better to choose. Because the sea is there from all sides: from the east - the Yeisk Estuary, from the west - the Taganrog Bay.

We were focused on a calm, quiet rest, so the following were important:

• Sea within walking distance
• Sandy beach with good conditions for children
• Small number of guests
• Any children's entertainment
• Comfortable accommodation with all amenities.

I must say right away that on the first day I was simply confused by the abundance of offers and, after spending half a day, I did not understand where and what to look for. A lot has been offered different types housing - hotels and boarding houses, guest houses and recreation centers, mini-hotels, apartments and private houses.

In order to somehow streamline and narrow the search area, I decided to understand for myself and try to figure out which area of ​​the city has the most suitable conditions for us. And since the main condition is a good children's beach in the immediate vicinity, it was decided to start by exploring the beaches of Yeysk.

Yeysk beaches

As it turned out, there are several of them in the city and they are very diverse: sandy, pebble, shell, stony and, most often, mixed (sand-shell and pebble-sand).

The main beaches are located on the Yeisk Spit: Central City Beach, Children's Beach, located opposite the Central Beach, Youth Beach, Kamenka beach. There are also small individual beaches on the coast of the Yeisk estuary (area of ​​the second microdistrict).

To make it clearer, let's take a closer look at each.

Central city beach

Stretched along the Taganrog Bay for about half a kilometer. Considered (according to reviews) the most good beach in the city. Clean, the bottom and shore are sandy, a gentle entrance, a small depth at the entrance and a maximum depth of up to 1.5 meters. The water warms up well.

Lots of entertainment for adults and children. The beach is equipped with changing cabins, paid toilets, there is a rental of sun loungers and umbrellas, sprawling trees create a natural shadow. There are places to eat.

The central city beach is divided into two parts: Central - from the side of the Taganrog Bay and Children's Beach from the side of the Yeysk estuary. They are located across the road from each other.

Children's city beach

Its length is approximately 300 meters, not a very large coastal beach area. Sandy-shell (mixed) coast. Not deep, the greatest depth is 1-1.5 meters. A lot of entertainment for children (trampolines, waterslides, "bananas", jet skis, "pills").

For children, it is an ideal and completely safe place. Complete absence of waves. If among adults there are no lovers of swimming at depth, it is quite appropriate place for holidays with children.

The central city beach, both for adults and for children, is considered by many vacationers to be the best. The only drawback is that there are a lot of people there, and you need to come there early.

At the very end of the Yeisk Spit there is also Molodezhny Beach (here is the maximum depth), but we will not talk about it, since its name speaks for itself.

The beaches of the Yeisk Liman

They are located in the water area of ​​the Yeisk Liman in the right part of the city in the form of small sections along the coastline. According to reviews, the most popular sections of the beach are near Nizhnesadovaya Street at the intersection with Pionerskaya, Plekhanova, Krasnaya, Barrikadnaya and Svoboda streets.

The beaches that are located closer to the Central Beach are mostly small pebbles, further along the coast - sand and shells. The entrance to the sea is gentle, even, the bottom is sand and silt, the maximum depth is up to 1 meter. It's quiet calm beaches, but, according to reviews, not equipped (“wild beaches”).

Kamenka beach

If we go down a little to the south from the Central Beach from the side of the Taganrog Bay, then we get to the Kamenka beach. This is a little south of the Yeysk port. The beach stretches for about a kilometer along the coast along the Taganrog Bay. The depth does not reach more than one and a half meters.

The coastal coast is heterogeneous: the sandy beach is interspersed with areas covered with stones (apparently, because of this, the beach got its name).

WITH north side beach, from the port to Rostovskaya street - the coast is mostly sandy and comfortable. From Rostovskaya and further, the beach becomes more and more rocky and gradually turns into pebble.

Another children's beach - "Goat Beach"

This is the part of Kamenka beach, which is located between the port and the water park. "Goat Beach" is ideal for families with young children (it is also called "children's beach"), but it is located in the waters of the Taganrog Bay south of the port. This is the smallest (in the very deep place the water barely reaches the knee) sandy beach in the city. Its length is about 300 meters. A lot of sand, the water warms up well. Little kids love this beach. In addition, it is located next to the water park.

As far as I understand, Goat Beach is also called Melyaki Beach (probably because it is the shallowest sea in the city). Initially, I thought that these were two different beaches, but after comparing their descriptions, I decided that we were talking about the same children's beach.

There are other children's entertainments on the Kamenka beach: an oceanarium and a dolphinarium. There are other advantages of this beach: few people, silence, calmness, warm sea, magnificent sunsets that open from the Primorskaya embankment, almost everywhere is shallow, sand islands, formed as a result of low tide - a real creative workshop for young architects and builders of castles and palaces.

What I noticed: the sea in Yeysk is shallow. For us, this is a plus, but those who rely on greater depth may be disappointed. And the water in the sea (judging by the description and reviews) is not transparent, but muddy, due to the suspension of sand particles and silt mud present in it (by the way, useful for the human body). And there are no big dangerous waves and storms in Yeysk.

After analyzing all this information and re-reading a lot of reviews, I came to the conclusion that swimming with children is best on Kamenka or on Central beach. But since I wanted not very noisy and crowded beach, then preference was given to housing from the side of the Taganrog Bay in the area of ​​Kamenka beach.

It is in this area, or rather at the location children's beach"Melyaki" (or "Goat's Beach") and the main children's entertainment were focused on the search for housing (at the intersection of Schmidt, Morskaya, Kalinin, Oktyabrskaya from Nizhnesadovaya to Rostovskaya).

Yeysk hotels on the map:

All sorts of options were offered to choose from: hotels and boarding houses, guest houses, apartments in high-rise buildings, turnkey houses and the private sector. But we wanted to stay in mini-hotels or guest houses.

After reviewing the various options, a selection was made according to the following criteria: close to the sea (so that you can walk), so that the shore is sandy or sandy-shelly, so that it is good for children to swim, so that there are entertainment centers, good conditions accommodation with amenities, not a very large number of guests. And also we were looking for the first floor as the kids are small.

And, after much debate and discussion, the choice was made. We stayed at a mini hotel. I contacted his owner, after which an advance payment was made. Arrangement about booking - on parole. Now we are preparing for the trip and are looking forward to when two weeks fly by and we go on a trip with children to the sea by car.

The Inland Sea of ​​Azov is located in the south of European Russia. It is connected by a narrow (up to 4 km), shallow (4-5 m) Kerch Strait to the Black Sea. The border between the seas runs along the line of Cape Takil - Cape Panagia.

The Sea of ​​Azov is the shallowest and one of the smallest seas in the world. Its area is 39 thousand km 2, the volume of water is 290 km 3, average depth- 7 m, maximum depth - 13 m.

Sea of ​​Azov

The sea has a relatively simple outline. The northern coast is flat, steep, with alluvial sand spits. Arabatskaya spit in the west

The arrow separates the Sivash Bay from the sea, which is connected to the sea by the Genik Strait. In the southeast, the Kuban delta stretches for 100 km with extensive floodplains and numerous channels. The Kuban flows into the top of the open Temryuk Bay. In the northeast, the largest bay of the sea, Taganrog, juts out into the land for 140 km, the top of which is the Don delta.

Hydrology

Almost all river runoff into the sea (more than 90%) comes from the Don and Kuban. The vast majority of runoff falls on the spring-summer season.

The main exchange of the waters of the Sea of ​​Azov occurs through Kerch Strait with the Black Sea. According to long-term average data, about 49 km 3 of water flows out of the Sea of ​​Azov annually with a surface stream, and about 34 km 3 of Black Sea water enters it in the lower course. The resulting runoff of water from the Sea of ​​Azov to the Black Sea is approximately 15 km 3 /year.

Climate

The climate of the Sea of ​​Azov, deeply penetrating into the land, is continental. It is characterized by cold winters, dry and hot summers. In the autumn-winter season, the weather is determined by the influence of the spur of the Siberian anticyclone with a predominance of east and northeast winds at a speed of 4-7 m/s. Strengthening the impact of this spur causes strong winds (up to 15 m/s) and is accompanied by cold air intrusions. The average monthly temperature in January is -1-5°, during northeastern storms it drops to -25-27°.

Warm, clear weather with light winds prevails in spring and summer. In July average monthly temperature throughout the sea is 23-25 ​​°, and the maximum is more than 30 °. During this season, especially in spring, Mediterranean cyclones quite often pass over the sea, accompanied by western and southwestern winds at a speed of 4-6 m/s, and sometimes squalls.

The amount of precipitation per east coast sea ​​is 500 mm per year, in the western - about 300 mm.

The small size and shallow depths of the sea contribute to the rapid development of wind waves. A few hours after the start of the wind, the wave reaches a steady state and just as quickly fades when the wind stops. The waves are short, steep, in the open sea they reach a height of 1-2 m, sometimes up to 3 m.

Interannual fluctuations in sea level, determined by long-term changes in the components of the water balance, are several centimeters. Seasonal level changes mainly depend on the regime of river flow. The annual course of the level is characterized by its increase in the spring-summer months and decrease in autumn and winter, the range of fluctuations is on average 20 cm.

The winds prevailing over the sea cause significant surge fluctuations in the level. The most significant level rises were noted in Taganrog - up to 6 m. In other points surges of 2-4 m are possible (Genichesk, Yeysk, Mariupol), in the Kerch Strait - about 1 m.

With sharp changes in atmospheric pressure and wind in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, seiches can occur - free standing fluctuations in the level. In the water areas of ports, seiches are excited with periods from several minutes to several hours. In the sea, seiches are observed with a daily period of 20-50 cm.

Bottom relief

Shallow shores of the sea pass into a flat flat bottom. Depths gradually increase with distance from the coast. Most great depths are located in the central part of the sea, the depths in the Taganrog Bay are from 2 to 9 m. Mud volcanoes are known in the Temryuk Bay.

Bottom relief and currents of the Sea of ​​Azov

currents

Currents in the sea are excited mainly by the wind. The slope of the level, created as a result of the action of the wind, causes compensatory currents. In the pre-estuary areas of the Don and Kuban, runoff currents are traced.

Under the action of the western and south-western winds, the circulation of waters counterclockwise is formed in the sea. Cyclonic circulation is also excited by easterly and northeasterly winds, which are stronger in the northern part of the sea. With the same winds, but stronger in the southern part of the sea, the currents have an anticyclonic character. At weak winds and calms, slight currents of alternating directions are noted.

Since weak and moderate winds prevail over the sea, currents with speeds up to 10 cm/s have the highest frequency. With strong winds (15-20 m/s), the current velocities are 60-70 cm/s.

In the Kerch Strait, with northern winds, a current from the Sea of ​​Azov is observed, and with winds with a southern component, Black Sea water enters the sea. The prevailing current velocities in the strait increase from 10-20 to 30-40 cm/s in its narrowest part. After strong winds compensatory currents develop in the strait.

ice coverage

Ice forms annually on the Sea of ​​Azov, and the ice coverage (area, occupied by ice) strongly depends on the nature of winter (severe, moderate, mild). In moderate winters, by the beginning of December, ice forms in the Taganrog Bay. During December, fast ice is established along the northern coast of the sea, and a little later - along the other coasts. The width of the fast ice strip is from 1.5 km in the south to 6 - 7 km in the north. In the central part of the sea, only at the end of January - beginning of February, floating ice appears, which then freezes into ice fields of high density (9-10 points). The ice cover reaches its greatest development in the first half of February, when its thickness is 30-40 cm, in the Taganrog Bay - 60-80 cm.

Ice conditions during the winter are unstable. When changing cold and warm air masses and wind fields over the sea, ice fields are repeatedly broken and drifted, and hummocks are formed. In the open sea, the height of hummocks does not exceed 1 m, and near the Arabatskaya Strelka it can reach up to 5 m. In mild winters, the central part of the sea is usually free of ice, it is observed only along the coast, in bays and estuaries.

Clearing of the sea from ice in moderate winters occurs during March, first in the southern regions and estuaries, then in the north, and finally in the Taganrog Bay. The average duration of the ice period is 4.5 months. In abnormally warm and severe winters, the periods of ice formation and melting can be shifted by 1-2 months or even more.

Water temperature and salinity

In winter, almost throughout the entire water area, the water temperature on the surface is negative or close to zero, only near the Kerch Strait it rises to 1-3 °. In summer, throughout the sea, the temperature on the surface is uniform - 24-25 °. The maximum values ​​in July - August in the open sea are up to 28 °, and off the coast they can exceed 30 °.

The shallowness of the sea contributes to the rapid spread of wind and convective mixing to the bottom, which leads to an equalization of the vertical temperature distribution: its difference in most cases does not exceed 1°. However, in summer, when there is calm, a layer of temperature jump is formed, which limits the exchange with the bottom layers.

Water temperature and salinity on the surface of the Sea of ​​Azov in summer

The spatial distribution of salinity under conditions of natural inflow of river waters was rather uniform, horizontal gradients were observed only in the Taganrog Bay, at the outlet of which the salinity of 6-8‰ prevailed. In the water area of ​​the open sea, salinity was in the range of 10-11‰. Vertically, in almost all regions, gradients were observed sporadically, mainly due to the influx of black sea ​​waters. Seasonal changes did not exceed 1‰, only in the Taganrog Bay they increased under the influence of the intra-annual runoff distribution.

Since there are no significant differences in water temperature and salinity in most of the sea area, water masses are not distinguished here. The Taganrog Bay is filled with fresh and brackish sea waters, the boundary between which is approximately determined by the salinity of 2‰.

In the 60s - 70s. Seizures increased in the Sea of ​​Azov basin fresh water for economic purposes, which led to a reduction in river runoff into the sea and, accordingly, an increase in the flow of Black Sea waters. This coincided with a period of low humidity in the catchment area of ​​the sea, and, under the influence of all factors, an increase in salinity began in 1967. In 1976, the average salinity in the sea reached its maximum value - 13.7‰. In the Taganrog Bay, it increased to 7-10‰ at the outlet of the bay - up to 12‰. The spatial unevenness of salinity became more noticeable; in the Kerch region, especially in dry years, its values ​​increased to 15-18‰, i.e. to values ​​never seen at sea since the turn of the century.

Salt mines in the Sivash Bay

The increased distribution of the Black Sea waters in the bottom layers of the sea led to an increase in vertical salinity and density gradients, and worsened the conditions for mixing and ventilation of bottom waters. The likelihood of oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) and the creation of deadly conditions for organisms has increased.

However, in the 80s. Don runoff increased, which had a positive effect on salinity. By the end of the 80s. salinity has decreased again, and at present there is no salinization of the Sea of ​​Azov.

Economic importance and environmental problems

With a natural water regime until the beginning of the 50s. The Sea of ​​Azov was characterized by exceptionally high biological productivity. A large amount of nutrients entered the sea with the river runoff, and 70-80% was introduced with the spring flood.

This ensured the abundant development of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos. The area of ​​floodplain and estuary spawning grounds in the lower reaches of the Don and Kuban reached 40-50 thousand km2. These factors, as well as good warming of the sea, low salinity, sufficient saturation of water with oxygen, a long growing season, and a rapid turnover of biogenic substances, determined favorable conditions for the life of the ichthyofauna, numbering 80 species. No wonder the ancient Greeks called the Sea of ​​Azov Meotida, which means "nurse".

In the 30s. In the 20th century, the total fish catch in the Sea of ​​Azov reached 300 thousand tons, more than half of which were valuable fish species (sturgeon, pike perch, bream, etc.).

Regulation of the Don in 1952 (creation of the Tsimlyansk reservoir), reduction in runoff by 13-15 km 3 /year, other consequences economic activity in the sea basin caused serious negative changes in the sea ecosystem.

The decrease in the annual runoff of the Don by 30%, a significant reduction in the volume of floods caused a decrease in the area of ​​spawning grounds, violated the conditions for the reproduction of freshwater fish species.

The amount and composition of biogenic substances entering the sea and their distribution throughout the year have changed greatly. Most of the suspended matter settles in the Tsimlyansk reservoir; their quantity introduced into the sea in spring and early summer has significantly decreased; the supply of mineral forms of phosphorus and nitrogen was reduced, and the number of organic forms, which are more difficult to assimilate by organisms, increased sharply. Nutrients reaching the sea are mainly consumed in the Taganrog Bay and are carried out to the open sea in small quantities.

The pollution of river and sea waters has increased with various harmful chemicals - pesticides, phenols, in some areas of the sea - with oil products. The greatest pollution is observed in the mouth areas of the Don and Kuban and in the waters adjacent to major ports. These environmental changes have led to a sharp drop in the biological productivity of the sea. The forage base of fish has decreased several times, and the total catches of mainly valuable fish species have decreased.

The water management situation in the sea basin is very tense. At present, an average of about 28 km 3 of river water per year enters the sea. With such a volume of runoff, it is possible to maintain its salinity within the range of up to 13-14‰. A further increase in water consumption in the basin of the reservoir is unacceptable, as this will cause an irreversible increase in salinity to the level of the Black Sea and will lead to a deterioration in the conditions for the habitat of the most valuable marine organisms.

In the eastern part of Europe in the temperate continental zone (steppe and forest-steppe zone) between southern Ukraine, western Russia and the northern part Crimean peninsula located the Sea of ​​Azov. The coast, or rather its parts, belong to all the countries described above. Because of this location, it is called the "enclosed" sea. Atlantic Ocean. Its waters are slightly salty and very warm. This factor is decisive for tourists. It is here that many vacationers come, especially with children, since the sea is quite calm and shallow near the coastline. An interesting fact is that there are beaches on the coast where you need to walk a few meters until you reach a depth of 0.5 m.

Short description

The Sea of ​​Azov is considered the smallest body of water compared to all others located in the Russian Federation. The coast has a length of only 1472 kilometers. As for the depth, the average is 8 m, but there are also such areas, the bottom level drops to 14 m.

The Sea of ​​Azov belongs to the basin of the Atlantic Ocean. However, his path is quite interesting. First, its waters pass through the Bosphorus and the Mediterranean. And only after that they enter the Atlantic Ocean.

Features of the Sea of ​​Azov

Unsalted, shallow, warm - these words perfectly characterize the Sea of ​​Azov. The coast is covered with shell rock and fine sand. contains a huge amount of chemical elements, so it can be used for medicinal purposes. Since the waves of the sea wash the sand of the shore, it also has unique properties. Probably, many have noticed that it is enough just to lie down near the water for several hours, and the discomfort in the back and muscles will go away on their own. The conclusion suggests itself: here everything acts on the human body as a medicinal and especially useful remedy.

Territorial division

Ukraine and Russia territorially divide the Sea of ​​Azov into several parts. The coast of each state and the area surrounding it is a closed zone where ships of other countries cannot enter.

Throughout the existence of the independent states of Russia and Ukraine, they have been on friendly terms. That is why clear boundaries of ownership of the water expanses of the sea were not established. However, since 2014, everything has changed radically. Now these states are at enmity with each other, so they are trying to consolidate their positions as much as possible.

Flora and fauna

Steep limestone landslides, stone slopes - this is how the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov looks at first glance. The coast of Ukraine, however, as well as from the Russian Federation, is not distinguished by dense thickets of plants. Here you can find single bushes of elderberry, blackthorn, fern, aronnik. Closer to the water, vegetation is represented only by salt-tolerant species. This is explained quite simply: the waves, hitting the stones, douse them with salt water. These are such herbaceous plants as beskilnitsa and kermeka. And it is in the water that you can see algae of red and green colors, water flowers.

The animal world is also not particularly rich: geese, ducks, steppe waders, lapwings, red goose, mute swans, curlews, blackhead gulls and gulls. On the beach you can occasionally see turtles, frogs and even crayfish.

The underwater world of the Sea of ​​Azov contains about 80 species of fish. The most common are stellate sturgeon, garfish, beluga, herring, large flounder, fish, mullet, tyulka, anchovy and sea mole.

Climate

Average annual precipitation in millimeters: from 250 to 500. Since the southern Ukraine is dry, it adversely affects the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov. average temperature in July from +23 to +30 0 С; temperature in winter period(in January) from -2 to +7 0 С.

The coast of Azov is characterized by cold, but short winters and warm summers. The air temperature is evenly distributed. Pleasant weather is typical for spring and autumn, during these months thermometers show from +9 to +13 0 С, and high humidity is felt in the air. The transition from summer to winter is not sharp.

Infrastructure

One of the most popular places for recreation is the Sea of ​​Azov. The coast of Russia and Ukraine is occupied by numerous boarding houses. Their list is truly huge. These are towns for tourists, recreation centers, hotels, cottage houses, etc. There are also cafes and restaurants here so that vacationers can eat or just have fun. If we are talking about holidays with children, then the most important thing is open modern pools with slides of various sizes, dolphinariums, amusement parks, circuses.

Ecology

the main problem Azov coast- this is that almost the entire territory is polluted with waste from various enterprises. And a large number of steamships, boats and other equipment led to the pollution of the sea itself. The presence of numerous recreation centers on the coastline leads to the fact that it is gradually turning into a dump, especially in areas of public beaches. Closed areas look much better. However, you will have to pay a considerable amount of money for rest on them.

Rest on the Sea of ​​Azov

For those who have never been to these places, below is a map of the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, where you can see all the cities and towns that offer cultural recreation. And he, it is worth noting, is quite well developed here.

beautiful scenery and warm water attract many tourists. The range of services is varied: hiking, therapeutic mud baths, etc. And a large number of pools with giant slides attracts all young people (and not only): from five-year-old children to fifty-year-old people. Everyone, young and old, at least once in their lives try to visit this "attraction" and get an unforgettable experience.

The underwater relief of the Sea of ​​Azov is relatively simple. As they move away from the coast, the depths slowly and smoothly increase, reaching 14.4 m in the central part of the sea. The main area of ​​the bottom of the Sea of ​​Azov is characterized by depths of 5-13 m. greatest depths located in the center of the sea. The location of the isobaths, which is close to symmetrical, is disturbed by their slight elongation in the northeast towards the Taganrog Bay. The 5 m isobath is located about 2 km from the coast, moving away from it near the Taganrog Bay and in the bay itself near the mouth of the Don. In the Taganrog Bay, the depths increase from the mouth of the Don (2-3 m) towards the open part of the sea, reaching 8-9 m at the border of the bay with the sea.

In the relief of the bottom of the Sea of ​​Azov, systems of underwater heights are noted, elongated along the eastern (Zhelezinskaya bank) and western (Marskaya and Arabatskaya banks) coasts, the depths above which decrease from 8-9 to 3-5 m. For the underwater coastal slope north coast characterized by wide shallow water (20-30 km) with depths of 6-7 m, for south coast- a steep underwater slope to depths of 11-12 m. The catchment area of ​​the Sea of ​​Azov Basin is 586,000 km2. south coast hills meet volcanic origin, which in some places turn into steep advanced mountains. Sea currents are dependent on the very strong northeast and southwest winds blowing here and therefore change direction very often. The main current is a circular current along the shores of the Sea of ​​Azov counterclockwise.

Large or special geographical features are listed in clockwise order along the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov, starting from the Kerch Strait.

Bays and estuaries of the Sea of ​​Azov:

Ukraine:

• in the southwest: Kazantip Bay, Arabatsky Bay;
• in the west: Sivash Bay;
• in the north-west: Utlyuksky estuary, Molochny estuary, Obitochny - bay, Berdyansk bay;

Russia:

• in the north-east: Taganrog Bay, Miussky Estuary, Yeysky Estuary;
• in the east: Yasensky Bay, Beisugsky estuary, Akhtarsky estuary;
• in the south-east: Temryuk Bay.

Spit and capes of the Sea of ​​Azov:

Ukraine:

• in the south-west: Cape Khroni, Cape Zyuk, Cape Chagany and Cape Kazantip (Kazantip Bay);
• in the west: Arabatskaya Strelka spit (Sivash Bay);
• in the northwest: Fedotova Spit and Spit Biryuchy Ostrov (Utlyuk Estuary), Obitochnaya Spit (Obitochny Bay), Berdyansk Spit (Berdyansk Bay);
• in the northeast: Belosarayskaya Spit, Curve Spit;
• in the Kerch Strait: Tuzla Spit.

Russia:

• in the northeast: Beglitskaya spit;
• in the east: Cape Chumbursky, Glafirovskaya spit, Long spit, Kamyshevatskaya spit, Yasenskaya spit (Beisugsky estuary), Achuevskaya spit (Akhtarsky estuary);
• in the southeast: Cape Achuevsky and Cape Kamenny (Temryuk Bay).
• in the Kerch Strait: Chushka Spit.

Rivers flowing into the Sea of ​​Azov:

Ukraine:

• in the northwest: Maly Utlyuk, Molochnaya, Korsak, Lozovatka, Obitochnaya, Berda, Kalmius, Gruzsky Elanchik;

Russia:

• in the northeast: Wet Elanchik, Mius, Sambek, Don, Kagalnik, Wet Chuburka, Eya;
• in the southeast: Protoka, Kuban.

Sea of ​​Azov coast

The coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is less picturesque and diverse than the Black Sea. But it also has its own unique beauty. The steppes come close to the sea, and in some places the floodplains overgrown with reeds. The shores are treeless, they are either low and gentle, with a sandy-shell beach, or low, but steep, composed of yellow loess-like loams. Coastline the sea forms rather smooth bends, and only long sandbars give it some edge. A large number of braid is one of the characteristic features of the shores of the Sea of ​​​​Azov.

West Coast Sea of ​​Azov

The western shore of the Sea of ​​Azov is represented by a long oblique - the Arabat arrow. It stretched along the seashore for 112 km, separating the shallow Sivash Bay from it. The width of this flat sand-shell spit ranges from 270 m in its southern and middle parts to 7 km in its northern part, where there are several small hills. The Arabat Spit is a huge natural beach. Parallel to it, a series of long shoals stretched. They are perfectly visible from the walls of the old Genoese fortress, located near the village of Arabat, or directly from the elevated native shore. In calm sunny weather, the greenish-blue waves of the sea with a slight noise gently run onto the sandy-shell beach and the light foam of the surf borders it, like a narrow white lace. Rolling on the wing, white-winged gulls glide low over the water. In the distance, on the spit, salt extracted from Sivash dazzlingly shines under the rays of the hot sun. The Sea of ​​Azov is beautiful even in a storm. When the fierce nordost blows, it darkens, becomes severe. With an angry noise, boiling with white foam, steep-walled waves fall on the shores. You can admire the foam for hours sea ​​expanse, swift running and stormy surf of the waves of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov.

Any person who has visited the Sea of ​​Azov will forever have memories of its discreet, but soul-stirring beauty. On Arabat Spit open hot mineral water, which are superior to Matsesta in their chemical composition and medicinal properties. Based on these healing waters it is planned to create a new resort - Azov Matsesta.

Southern coast of the Sea of ​​Azov

It is represented by the territory of the Kerch and Taman peninsulas, between which the Kerch Strait is located, connecting the Azov and Black Sea. The Kerch Peninsula is the eastern tip of Crimea. Its area is about 3 thousand square meters. kilometers. In the bowels of the peninsula, large deposits of iron ores have been discovered that feed the metallurgy of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, oil and natural gas. Northern and northeastern parts Kerch Peninsula composed of marls, clays, limestones; Tertiary sandstones occur in places. West Side The Kerch Peninsula is flat, the eastern one is hilly. Within the peninsula, the southern coast of the Sea of ​​Azov for the most part drops steeply into the sea, leaving only a narrow strip of beach. In some places, the steep banks are composed of bryozoan limestones, staunchly resisting the onslaught sea ​​waves. Such, for example, is Cape Kazantip, at the base of which lies a bryozoan reef - an atoll. To the west of this cape is Arabatsky Bay, to the east - Kazantipsky. To the east of Cape Kazantip stretches a low-lying alluvial stretch of coast. The shores of both bays are composed of soft clayey rocks. south of the cape Kazantip - Aktash salt lake. This relic lake. It is a remnant of the Kazantip Bay, which once jutted far into the land. In the middle of the Kerch Peninsula, a low Parpach ridge stretches from west to east. Between this ridge and the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov there is a wide longitudinal valley. In its lower parts there are salt lakes, and in particular Lake Chokrakskoye, known for its healing properties, as well as a number of mud volcanoes.

East of the Kazantip Bay, near the Kerch Strait, the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov is calmer, but here it is characterized by capes composed of hard bryozoan limestones, for example, capes Zyuk, Tarkhan and others. The Kerch Strait, which connects the Black and Azov Seas, is shallow and relatively narrow. Its width varies from 4 to 15 km. The length of the strait is 41 km. The depth is about 4 m. In ancient times, the Kerch Strait was called the Cimmerian Bosporus. The name itself contains a hint of the shallowness of the strait, since the “bosporus” in translation into Russian means “bull ford”. The Crimean coast of the strait is steep in places. In its northern part is the port city of Kerch.

The Caucasian coast of the Kerch Strait is low, sandy, sometimes with dunes. The fairway of the strait is cluttered with reefs, sandbars and coastal shoals, which previously hampered navigation. Now a channel has been dug in the strait for the passage of ships with a large draft. The Taman Peninsula, which is part of the Krasnodar Territory, covers an area of ​​approximately 1900 sq. km. Of these, a little more than 900 sq. km, and the rest of the territory - estuaries and floodplains.

Its nature is unique. From a geological point of view, this is a young peninsula, since it was formed in the Quaternary period. Back in the 1st century A.D. e. in its place there were about five islands, the transformation of which into a peninsula occurred, apparently, in the 5th century AD. e. under the influence of the accumulative activity of the Kuban River, mud volcanoes and tectonic uplifts. Formation Taman Peninsula continues.

The Sea of ​​Azov is an inland sea in eastern Europe. This is the shallowest sea in the world, its depth does not exceed 13.5 meters. According to morphological features, it belongs to flat seas and is a shallow water body with low coastal slopes. The sea shores are mostly flat and sandy, only on the southern coast there are hills of volcanic origin, which in some places turn into steep frontal mountains. In terms of distance from the ocean, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is the continental sea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe planet. The coastline is indented by bays and spits, the territory of which is a protected or resort-recreational area. The shores of the Sea of ​​Azov are low-lying, composed of sand and shell deposits. They flow into the Sea of ​​Azov major rivers Don, Kuban and numerous small rivers Mius, Berda, etc.

The salinity level of the Sea of ​​​​Azov is formed primarily under the influence of an abundant influx of river waters (up to 12% of the volume of water) and difficult water exchange with the Black Sea. The water contains very little salt in the northern part of the Sea of ​​Azov. For this reason, the sea freezes easily. In winter, partial or complete freezing is possible, while ice is carried into the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait.

The underwater relief of the sea is relatively simple. With distance from the shore, the depth slowly and smoothly increases, reaching 13 m in the central part of the sea. The main area of ​​the bottom is characterized by depths of 5-13 m. The location of the isobaths, which is close to symmetrical, is disturbed by their slight elongation in the northeast towards the Taganrog Bay. The 5 m isobath is located about 2 km from the coast, moving away from it near the Taganrog Bay and in the bay itself near the mouth of the Don. In the Taganrog Bay, the depths increase from the mouth of the Don (2-3 m) towards the open part of the sea, reaching 8-9 m at the border of the bay with the sea. western (Sea and Arabat banks) coasts, the depths over which decrease from 8–9 to 3–5 m. The underwater coastal slope of the northern coast is characterized by wide shallow water (20–30 km) with depths of 6–7 m, underwater slope to depths of 11-13 m.

Sea currents are dependent on the very strong northeast and southwest winds blowing here and therefore change direction very often. The main current is a circular current along the shores of the Sea of ​​Azov counterclockwise.

The ichthyofauna of the Sea of ​​Azov currently includes 103 species and subspecies of fish belonging to 76 genera, and is represented by anadromous, semi-anadromous, marine and freshwater species.

Anadromous species of fish feed in the sea until puberty, and enter the river only for spawning. The breeding period in the rivers and or on the sites usually does not exceed 1-2 months. Among the Azov anadromous fish there are the most valuable commercial species, such as beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, herring, fish and shemaya.

Semi-anadromous species for breeding come from the sea into the rivers. However, in rivers they can linger for a longer time than anadromous (up to a year). As for the juveniles, they leave the spawning grounds very slowly and often stay in the river for the winter. Semi-anadromous fish include mass species such as pike perch, bream, ram, sabrefish and some others.

sea ​​views breed and roost in salty waters. Among them, species that constantly live in the Sea of ​​​​Azov stand out. These are pilengas, flounder-kalkan, glossa, tyulka, perkarina, three-spined komashka, fish-needles and all kinds of gobies. And finally there is large group marine fish entering the Sea of ​​Azov from the Black Sea, including those that make regular migrations. These include: Azov anchovy, Black Sea anchovy, Black Sea herring, red mullet, golden mullet, sharp-nosed mullet, black sea trout, horse mackerel, mackerel, etc.

Freshwater species usually constantly live in one area of ​​the reservoir and do not make large migrations. These species usually inhabit desalinated water areas of the sea. Here you can find such fish as sterlet, silver carp, pike, ide, bleak, etc.

In terms of the number of plant and animal organisms, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov has no equal in the world. In terms of productivity, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is 6.5 times superior to the Caspian Sea, 40 times the Black Sea, and 160 times mediterranean sea. But in size it is 10 times smaller than Black.

Geologists unanimously agree that the subsoil of the Sea of ​​Azov is very rich. Zircon, rutile, ilmenite were found here. Under the bottom of the sea are minerals containing a good half of the periodic table. There are underwater mud volcanoes in the southeastern part of the sea. Commercial reserves of natural gas have been found in the depths of the Sea of ​​Azov.