Exotic tourism in the modern world. Exotic tourism - term paper

1.1.The concept of exotic extreme tourism

An exotic type of extreme tourism is a very interesting, exciting type of recreation and every year it becomes more and more popular among various segments of the population, despite its cost.

At the present stage of the dynamic development of tourism, the high-paying consumer demand for tourism, which can be defined as exotic, is quite clearly and clearly manifested.
exotic tourism has no specific differences, except for the peculiarities of the actual distance (country, region) of the visit, which, due to a number of characteristics of the attributes of the actual natural, racial, cultural attributes, can be classified as exotic. The very concept of "exotic" is very subjective and depends on individual characteristics (on the general level of knowledge and intelligence of the tourist himself, the region and environment of his residence, his religion and beliefs).
Exotic tourism is, first of all, a spectacle, unique in its characteristics, in the general case generating positive emotions. Exotic cannot be permanent for a traveler and is typical for a short visit to an exotic destination, because permanent residence or a long stay in it already creates a habit and the exotic loses its mysterious, unexplored charm.
The concept of exotic and exotic tourism is historically inherent in the peoples inhabiting the countries of the northern hemisphere, where the main massifs of continental land areas are located, is most likely used in the European region, and is applied to the range of conceptual groups that describe phenomena and objects that take place, primarily in geographically other regions, namely in the southern and eastern, remote and inaccessible in the past and visited only purposefully for recreation and familiarization with culture.
Exotic tourism is primarily associated with staying in an unusual, unfamiliar region (place) and is characterized precisely by this parameter, therefore, exotic tourism also includes modern newest species space tourism, underwater, travel to disaster sites (extinct cities), unusual for their novelty, rarity, exclusivity. This also includes visiting primitive tribes, jungles, caves, captivating natural objects with their originality, visiting the Northern and south poles etc., there really are no boundaries of fantasy here. In general, exotic tourism is intertwined with adventure tourism. the latter is also associated with the stay of tourists in an attractive place for them, but also their engagement in an unusual activity (hunting for bears in Siberia, salmon fishing in Kamchatka, searching for pirate treasures in the Caribbean, etc.).
The concept of exotic tourism includes the multi-valued concept of exotic. Tourism is recreational, the main purpose of travel is to get acquainted with various aspects of culture, civilization, religion, nature in another country (travel for travel), tourism does not imply health, sports, business, scientific, ethnic, nostalgic and other purposes other than pleasure and educational goals excursion tourism), in this it is fundamentally different from other types of tourism, stands apart and is the privilege of the wealthy part of the population.

When hiking in the jungle, tourists have the opportunity to literally fit into nature and at the same time be cut off from the civilized world. Even if such a tour group has modern satellite communications, it may take several hours or days for help to arrive, so any emergency can lead to serious consequences.

It is noteworthy that Russians are one of the biggest fans of extreme tourism, although in Russia the average income of the population is low. Russian extreme tourists participate in many international competitions, and often the representatives of Russia are among the strongest.

Compared to Russia, exotic extreme tourism in other parts of the world is East Asia, in Europe, in North America - developed to a fairly high degree. Europeans and especially North America even refer extreme tourism to the most popular sports. In addition, the incomes of the population of these parts of the world are much higher than in Russia, so almost everyone can engage in extreme tourism there.

Exotic holidays have become increasingly popular among tourists in recent years. Today, the concept of exotic tourism is unusually broad and can mean a wide variety of tourist pastime options from occupation water skiing and diving, to traveling to remote and often dangerous corners of the globe.

Especially popular among exotic lovers are tours to the famous islands of the Indian archipelago, including the Maldives, Seychelles, GOA, Mauritius and some others. Most of the hotels in these places work on the principle of combining the complete comfort of travelers with their stay on a deserted, exotic island.

Exotic tours to the islands it is not only an opportunity for relaxing holiday in a heavenly place, but also excellent conditions for classes water sports sports and study ocean depths. In order to get as close as possible to the local nature, many vacationers who come to the islands prefer to rent picturesque bamboo bungalows, often located right on the ocean. In such housing, everyone can spend a vacation full of bright and positive impressions, and feel the hardships of the life of a real native.

Mauritius stands somewhat apart in the list of modern, best destinations for exotic tourism, today it is rightfully considered one of the most elite and expensive resorts in the world. The magnificent, incomparable nature of these places led to the identification of this island with paradise Eden.

Exotic places: countries and resorts, islands and hotels. Exotic as a type of recreation, photo, video. Exotic tours and travel.

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For a travel agent, there is no more grateful tourist than one who wants to "see something exotic." Exotic - the concept for a northern person is almost universal. This does not include except the “snowy” countries with painfully familiar winter landscapes, decorous Europe and the settled, albeit once exotic, “souths” - Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia and similar states with a focus on mass beach tourism. Otherwise, the choice is huge: South America and the Caribbean, secluded islands in the heart of the ocean - whether you want the Pacific, you want, Indian or Atlantic, motley Africa and mysterious Southeast Asia, original Australia - in a word, a good hundred countries on four continents and in their surroundings.

What is exotic in the modern globalized world with common currencies and unified visa regimes attractive is its isolation, isolation and unusualness. Agree, it's one thing to go to Italy: opera houses, museums, sculptures, cobbled streets and high-rise buildings - almost like St. Petersburg, only with a southern slope. And it’s quite another to visit Japan: the “wand” ritual, the rules of politeness, which only a genius can remember, the tea ceremony and rock gardens - everything surprises, fascinates and makes you look again and again. Or, say, to enter under the arches of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, of course, exciting - but a visit to the Dogon conical huts gives a much more amazing feeling, evoking subconscious memories of unknown civilizations of the past, who knows, maybe even some aliens from Sirius!

Chinese tea ceremony

If we try to divide the exotic into categories, then we will face the exotic natural and, so to speak, “human”. The first includes landscapes that are unusual for the Russian eye - whether it is the foggy mountains of Rwenzori in Rwanda or the Kilimanjaro bowl, the rock giants of the islands of Thailand thrown into the ocean as if by a careless divine hand, or sandy expanses escaping beyond the horizon, the Uluru monolith burning in sunset lights or the formidable Victoria Falls. Exotic "human" is amazing for us traditions, culture and rules of conduct. What is worth, for example, a visit to the performance of the traditional Indonesian shadow theater wayang-kulit: the shadows of the heroes of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata moving on the illuminated canvas, the audience frozen in the face of the sacrament - and this is throughout the endless starry southern night. Or a visit to the festival of the Berbes peoples in Tunisian Duza: a game of traditional checkers (the ornate rules of which are easily plugged into the belt by the popular mahjong), camel marathon races and authentic wedding processions with the bride inside a palanquin swaying measuredly on the back of a dromedary.

What is exotic in the modern globalized world with common currencies and unified visa regimes attractive is its isolation, isolation and unusualness.

Exotic voyages will give a lot to a sensitive traveler. First of all, of course, admiration for the diversity of the world, in which, at times, so strikingly different cultures coexist. At the same time, a rare understanding of the uniqueness of native traditions comes - and pride in belonging to them. And finally, there are hardly any who would argue with the fact that, admiring the diversity of landscapes and peoples, one invariably comes to realize the unity of everything and everything.

Adventure and exotic tourism

The word "exotic" comes from the Greek word "exotikos" - someone else's, foreign. These are objects, phenomena, features of something, bizarre, extraordinary features (of nature, customs, arts, etc.) of remote southern eastern countries, areas that seem bizarre and unusual to people of other places. In the modern interpretation, exotic tourism is associated not only with cognitive emotions and pleasures, but also with amazing, thrill with a touch of adventurism and extreme travel.

Exotic tourism is currently a popular tourist product.

Adventure tourism refers to non-standard travel to exotic and ecologically clean natural areas (usually far from civilization), associated with active modes of transportation or the use of non-traditional vehicles. Participation in the tour provides for a certain physical preparation, which brings it closer to sports tourism. However, by providing tourists with guides, intermediate camps, and special equipment, the risk is minimized here.

Adventure tourism can be conditionally divided into two types: adventure sports and adventure travel. Adventure sports traditionally include extreme river rafting (rafting), caving and skiing, mountaineering, etc. In recent years, it has been supplemented by new sports programs. Among them are rock climbing, hang gliding, paragliding, windsurfing, canyoning, etc. All of them can be both independent sports and components of an adventure trip.

With regard to adventure tourism, it includes not only sports activities with a greater or lesser degree of risk, but also different kinds journeys taking place in complex geographic or natural conditions. In addition, the possible difficulties of the route may depend on the availability and type of vehicles, the quality of accommodation and food.

Among the most common types of adventure tourism (or outdoor activities) are travel along rivers, on foot in the mountains (trekking), on bicycles, on horseback, on SUVs, etc. However, unlike sports trips on commercial routes, tourists do not carry backpacks , do not cook food, do not put up tents. This is the work of professional guides. The traveler does everything in his power. On the walking route, things are carried by porters. During rafting, tourists can not row, but only admire the surroundings. If the route is cycling, then an escort bus is sure to drive nearby: tired of pedaling, get on the bus.

Naturally, when developing such routes, guides carefully “run in” them, and only after making a conclusion about their readiness in all respects (difficulty, climatic conditions, availability interesting objects, ease of entry and exit, etc.) are included in the asset of the tour operator. As for the presence of a certain element of risk in this kind of route, of course, it is present, for that it is adventure tourism, but it is minimized by the organization of the tour and the professionalism of the guides. It is this dosed risk that is the highlight of an adventure tour or trip. And the most unforgettable impressions are those very minutes of the struggle for “survival”. That is, there is a combination of comfort, outdoor recreation and some overcoming of difficulties. Professionals believe that such a vacation is quite accessible to any healthy person, even without any special skills.

Areas of exotic and adventure tourism

There is a whole adventure tourism industry in the world - Adventure Travel, which forms certain requirements for their organization and safety, clothing, equipment, food. For example, meals must be complete, i.e., including fresh food, a minimum of canned food, and a client who does not have insurance cannot be allowed to complete the route. In fact, the material support of an adventure tour is a whole independent business. It is not surprising that such tours are not cheap all over the world. Transport, equipment, service cost money.

Exotic and adventure tourist areas include:

Civilized and fairly developed countries North Africa- Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt;

Central and South African states - Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, South Africa, etc.;

East Asian countries (China, Japan);

Caribbean ( Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Barbados, Saint Lucia, etc.);

Australia and Oceania;

South America (Brazil, Venezuela, Paraguay, Galapogos Islands);

Separate groups of islands or separate islands in the ocean (Seyshely, Tahiti, Bali, Bora Bora, Hawaii, etc.);

Some countries of South and Southeast Asia (India, Nepal, Thailand).

As we can see, there are a lot of exotic places on Earth, but tourist infrastructure not developed everywhere. For example, in the Polynesian Islands, there is only one Papuete International Airport, located in Tahiti, from where tourists travel from island to island on local planes. This way you can visit the famous lagoons of Bora Bora. Then the mysterious atoll of Moorea and Manihi with plantations of black pearls. And then fly where fantasy tells. French Polynesia is a paradise for adventure lovers, Robinsons and so on. During the year, the islands are visited by about half a million tourists, and there are few Russians among them. Too long travel.

The tourist infrastructure in Fiji is well developed. Only Hawaii can compete with them in comfort of rest. However, if you are not fans of the American way of life, it makes no sense to rest in Hawaii, where everything is very often American.

Another thing is the original Seychelles and Mauritius. Now high-class hotels are being actively built here using new architectural technologies and materials. Three years ago, the Lemuria Hotel was built in the Seychelles, and the construction of Baniana II has recently been completed. New hotels fit well into the local paradise, and this is one of the main tasks of the Seychelles government, which pursues a special policy: it deliberately raises vacation prices in order to reduce the flow of tourists and save unique nature islands. And here is the result - Seychelles receive only 100-120 thousand tourists a year.

Mauritius Island is the leader in the number of luxury hotels among other exotic places on the planet. The tourist service system on the island has been debugged up to European level. The service of five-star hotels is famous throughout French Polynesia, and it is not uncommon for service personnel from Mauritius to be invited to work in their hotels by Seychellois. Mauritius is protected from the waves of the Indian Ocean coral reef, so the water on the island is always calm, and tourists have a great opportunity to explore the magical underwater world of coral thickets, tropical fish, algae and sea anemones. The beauty of the underwater world is echoed by the fabulous landscapes of the island: transparent lagoons, sandy beaches, and on the horizon, mountain peaks, the slopes of which are buried in forests.

And, finally, two thousand tiny Maldives - a paradise for diving and snorkeling (diving with a mask and snorkel). The corals surrounding the islets create natural pools that you can dive into from the piles of your bungalow. The Maldives is the perfect place for lovers. You can sail from island to island on a yacht, each has a restaurant and a hotel.

Jamaica today has earned itself the fame of the "Island of Love". The perfect place for those who yearn to indulge in the eternal celebration of life. The island has a system of hotels with the tempting name "Hedonism Tourists". The advertising slogan of the network is no less original: "There is everything that your mother will not like here."

Not far from Jamaica is the island of Freedom, well known to everyone since Soviet times, with a full range of exotic delights. Now Cuba is actively building new hotels, and in existing ones they are trying to bring service to the American level.

Each of the islands of the Caribbean archipelago offers tourists its own program. For example, Martinique is known for jazz festivals. Go to Barbados to go windsurfing. Sailing regattas are popular in Cuba. Saint Maarten is famous for its casinos. And in Dominica you can make horse rides, arrange jeep races. Russian tourists Antilles, namely, all of the above belong to them, they are attracted by relative cheapness and a relatively short flight.

Another type of popular exotic holiday - African safari. In South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, tourists who decide to go hunting are offered three types of accommodation. Firstly, a small stationary hotel (sometimes with a swimming pool). Secondly, a tent loggia located in the forest, with a foundation of several steps. A simple security measure against intruders from the jungle. Steps will not save you from predators, so they are driven away with special rattles locals. Thirdly, dwelling "in the trees" - a house on high piles.

Programs for independent travelers to Australia, tours to New Zealand, the islands of the Great Barrier Reef and Oceania are offered by many travel companies. These programs include a detailed acquaintance with the cities of Australia and New Zealand, jeep safaris, hunting for kangaroos or crocodiles (trophies can be taken with you), scuba diving in the world of giant fish and fishing on the Bolshoy barrier reef. As well as other extreme sports.

Australia has several national parks with unique animals that can only be found on this continent. Thousands of kilometers of the Gold Coast and tropical islands are an expanse for fishing, hunting and yachting.

An unforgettable impression on tourists is made by the Great Barrier Reef - a unique creation of nature, a forest of corals, a place of pilgrimage for diving fans. Here, in addition to the usual scuba diving, tourists are offered to ride a giant sea turtle and catch the world's largest tuna.

But perhaps the most interesting thing that awaits tourists on the fifth continent is the acquaintance with the Australian aborigines. In the nineteenth century they were considered the most primitive people on the planet, the living embodiment of their ancestors modern man. In fact, the Australian Aborigines have a unique multi-faceted culture, which is completely different from the culture of a European person, and therefore difficult for us to understand. For example, the painting of Australian aborigines seems to Europeans to be an absurd avant-garde, and for the author-artist, typical realism.

New Zealand is located on two islands: northern, due to moderate tropical climate(by the way, there are no mosquitoes here), is considered the best place to live in the world. The wonderful climate is combined with magnificent natural landscapes: mountains, flat meadows and a boundless ocean. The other, southern one, although located nearby, is unlike either its neighbor or any other island on the planet. There are active volcanoes and geysers here. coastline consists of fjords, rocky and sandy beaches. It seems that the Creator, when creating New Zealand, took two pieces of land from different parts of the world and placed them in the ocean under the constellation southern cross. The islands are often called New Zealand Switzerland to emphasize the purity of the local ecology. In fact, New Zealand is unique and difficult to compare with any other country.

The population of the islands is so passionate about extreme sports that in the capital of the state, Wellington, you can see climbers storming skyscrapers and then parachuting from them. Rafting and mountain climbing are best done not in cities, but in nature, in the mountainous part of New Zealand.

Now let's briefly dwell on some of the most popular types of exotic and adventure tourism.

Let's start with diving.

Diving- scuba diving as a type of recreation has been known in the world for more than 30 years. It became widely fashionable only 3-4 years ago thanks to the development of diving centers in our country. Today, the number of those who are fond of scuba diving is growing exponentially - after all, for those who discovered the underwater world, diving becomes a lifestyle with a kind of dope. This stimulates a constant demand for diving services and makes this business one of the most highly profitable in the tourism market.

Scuba diving is divided into sports and amateur. The first is engaged, as a rule, in special clubs. It includes spearfishing, free-diving - deep-sea diving while holding your breath and tec-diving - deep-sea diving with breathing on special gas mixtures.

Other types of diving - amateur type - are practiced in diving tourism. These are scuba-diving - diving to a depth of 42 m, wreck-diving - diving on sunken objects, search and recovery - search and recovery of sunken objects, drift-diving - diving with an underwater current, night - night, cave - cave, ice - subglacial. Snorkeling is popular at the resorts - swimming with a mask, snorkel and flippers in the surface water layers.

In diving tourism, there are daily-diving - daily diving from the shore or from a ship near the nearest reefs, or other underwater objects, as well as dive safaris - one- or multi-day trips to interesting water area with accommodation on ships, yachts, catamarans, floating hotels with diving from a boat or from a boat (dive cruises). In tourism, diving is often combined with excursion program. The more exotic the country, the more excursions are included in the tour package.

In the ranking of destinations in diving tourism, the leading place belongs to the Red Sea (Egyptian coast), Mediterranean coast(Malta, Cyprus, Turkey, Greece, Spain), Maldives. In descending order, the next group includes the coasts of Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia), Australia and papua new guinea. And the islands of the Caribbean close this rating, Galapagos Islands, South Africa.

Among popular places diving in the Red Sea - Egypt (Sharm el-Sheikh, Dahab, Hurghada), Sudan; in the Mediterranean - Malta and Cyprus; in the Indian Ocean - Madagascar, Seychelles and Maldives; in Southeast Asia - Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand with the islands of the Andaman Sea; V pacific ocean- the islands of Polynesia and Micronesia, the Galapagos Islands, the islands of Coiba (Panama), Cocos (Cocos) (Costa Rica), the islands of the Caribbean.

Egypt is one of the cheapest countries for diving. In companies organizing dive tours with a wide geography, this direction makes up 50% of sales. Half of the tourists traveling to Egypt have been scuba diving or snorkeling, since even on the surface of the sea there are more than 50 species of fish. Beginners can dive here, so family and children diving is active. Almost all hotels in Egypt, except for some 2 * categories on the second line by the sea, have dive clubs. Since this service is often purchased "on the spot", travel companies are expanding the range of quality hotels.

The Maldives and the region of Southeast Asia - Thailand are very popular ( island in Phuket with an oxygen-enriched current that attracts a fantastic number of fish), Malaysia (the islands of Sipadan, Mabul, Kapalai), Indonesia (the islands of Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Bali, Komodo, Java with unique flora and fauna).

Week tour with daily dives in Malaysia it costs about $2200, a safari in Indonesia is $1300 without an air ticket. Due to the high cost of air travel (up to 70% of the price of a dive tour), more remote countries - Australia, the Caribbean islands are less in demand. However, it is exotic destinations that provide a guaranteed percentage of tourists all year round.

IN Lately the interests of qualified divers are increasingly shifting to the exotic: Micronesia, Malaysia, Costa Rica, French Polynesia, South Africa, the Galapagos Islands, the Caribbean, including Cuba.

Foreign firms organize diving in Tahiti and all the islands of French Polynesia. 4-5 * hotels are offered, but it is possible to reserve rooms in dive clubs. In the 2004 season, the list of hotels was replenished. In particular, due to the recently opened Rearl Resort 4 * on the island of Moorea and Bora Bora Nui Resort 5 * on the island of Bora Bora (suites - from 488 euros, bungalows on the water - 1841 euros for 2 people).

The average price of a tour package for 7-10 days with daily diving in Mauritius is $2500, a safari in the Galapagos Islands is $3600. Expedition with a visit to the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) will cost $1400 (without air ticket).

Undersea world Mediterranean Sea is less rich. The exceptions are Malta, Gozo (caves and grottoes), Cyprus (wrecks) and Cote d'Azur(underwater caves). The good demand for these areas is determined by the rather moderate cost of diving holidays.

The most attractive for its prices Near Abroad. So, a 5-day tour package to the Crimea with two dives per day costs $170, a 7-day safari costs $400, including accommodation, meals, unlimited diving. Despite the low prices, greater water transparency than in Egypt, the presence of sunken ships near Balaklava, the tourist flow to the Crimea is still small.

Rafts. They are currently constructed from inflatable rubberized containers and then inflated. Traveling on a raft is possible both along a quiet, calm water surface, and along a stormy mountain river with rapids, plums, waterfalls and small waterfalls.

Industry produces life rafts (catamarans) for mass tourism, rafting, hunting, fishing and other purposes. In adventure tourism, we are most interested in rafting (American rafts) on rough mountain rivers (rafting). The raft accommodates 6-12 people. There are even world championships in rafting. Tour operators offer programs for thrill-seekers along rapid rapid rivers in China, Nepal, on the river. Zambezi (Africa), in Finland and Norway. A well-tested rafting program operates on the river. Colorado in national park Grand Canyon. Huge rafts for 40–50 people have been built here for rafting.

Balloons. This type of travel, as Birzhakov M.B. and Nikiforov V.I. in the monograph "Tourism Industry: Transportation (2003)", began to emerge as a mass species from the end of the 60s of the last century. New materials and designs of devices for generating air were created. The balls became colorful and multi-colored. Firms have been created that organize balloon flights in Europe, America, Australia and the African continent. Dozens of festivals are held around the world with the participation of thousands of balls. Similar holidays are organized in the city of New Mexico (rising up to 90 balls at the same time), in Namibia, when visiting the Victoria Falls.

Surfing. This exotic look active recreation in 1920 was founded in Hawaii by a local swimmer, Duque Kahanamoku. He devoted his whole life to popularizing this sport and entertainment. Surfing is riding on a board on the waves of the ocean surf. At present, it is developed where there is ocean surf with a long wave - in Australia, Peru, South Africa, Hawaiian Islands etc. Riding the waves is far from an easy task and requires certain skills. This beautiful sport attracts many thousands of spectators to the competitions. There is the International Surfing Federation.

Jeeping- one of the popular types of adventure tourism, off-road driving in jeeps. Jeep is a conventional and generalized name for off-road vehicles. cars. The well-known company Jeep produces off-road vehicles of the same name. These are special vehicles with all-wheel drive with axle blocking, a strong body, wide tires, and high engine power. These cars host the famous Camel Trophy. The American company Adventure Tour specializes in organizing very complex Grand Safari tours lasting from 3 to 5 months on transcontinental routes through several exotic countries (South America, Africa and Asia). So, in South America, autotourists visit the world's highest Angel Falls (Venezuela). Jeeping Grand Tour is organized from Great Britain to South Africa through France, Spain, Morocco, African countries.

Safari. Its traditions for Western tourists date back to the 2nd half of the 19th century, when African states were still colonies. The most preferred areas for organizing a safari on present stage are South Africa, Kenya and Tanzania. This is a type of exotic and adventure tourism for rich people and is of an elitist nature. A safari is not a very easy activity, tiring and requires good physical and psychological fitness, the availability of special equipment (including weapons). attractiveness South Africa for safari is based on the unique flora and fauna of this region (22 thousand plants, most of the animals that live here are in NP and private reserves). South Africa ranks 1st in the world in the number of African elephants, 2nd in the number of hippos. Here are the tallest giraffes in the world and the fastest animals in the world - cheetahs, the largest flightless bird in the world - the ostrich and the flying bird kori bastard from the eagle family. For tourists who do not have time to visit the wild places of nature, companies have been created where you can see the same exotic animals up close. In Kenya and Tanzania, tourists are offered to live for some time away from civilization in field camps located in the savannah. Here you can watch zebras, elephants, predators directly from their temporary dwellings. There is also an opportunity to get acquainted with the colorful life local population. Wooden masks and jewelry, wicker baskets and earthenware, necklaces and shields - all this complements the African safari.

The objects of exotic tourism include 7 Wonders of the World - unique architectural structures and giant sculptures created by ancient people. Some of them survived, while others were destroyed by time or warriors. Both of them are of great interest to tourists. The Wonders of the World include:

1. Pyramids of Giza (Egypt), the most ancient (2500 BC) of all the Wonders of the World, preserved to this day. The most great pyramid Cheops is still one of the unique works of the human mind in terms of monumentality and size. They are accessible for inspection and are an important object of tourist display for almost all tourists arriving in Egypt. The largest and famous pyramids located near the Egyptian capital Cairo in the town of Giza. There is also a giant statue of a mythical creature - the Sphinx, the largest in the world of all the sphinx statues in the world, which, along with the pyramids of Cheops, has become a symbol of Egypt. Note that this deity was borrowed from the Egyptians by the Greeks, and in ancient greece statues depicting a lion with a human head are also known.

2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon. They were built in Babylon and are a unique work that combines elegant architectural forms and landscape gardening structures. The gardens were built in 800–600 AD. BC e. Nebuchadrezzar II for Queen Sammu-ramat within the walls royal palace in Babylon, in the capital of Babylonia (a city that was located in ancient times in southern Iraq). beautiful gardens were arranged on balconies, on the roofs of terraces and buildings. The plants were irrigated with water supplied by pumps from the Euphrates River. The Hanging Gardens were described in great detail by the classics, there are various drawings, but the gardens themselves have not been preserved and no fragments of them have been found.

3. Statue of Zeus on Olympus (Greece), a majestic statue of the ruler of the gods, sitting on a throne. The statue was created in 430 BC. e., is one of two masterpieces of the Greek sculptor Phidias, the other masterpiece of sculpture is the statue of Athena in the Parthenon. The giant statue was inside huge temple Zeus in Greece. The dimensions of the statue were impressive - 12 m high, part covered with gilded metal, trimmed with ivory and precious stones. The temple was destroyed in 426 AD. e. The statue did not survive and there are also no copies of it.

4. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (Greece), place of worship of impressive size and decorated with numerous statues and other works of ancient art. It was built by order of King Croesus of Lydia around 550 BC. e. The building had a base of 100x55 m and was decorated with sculptures and frescoes. The unique giant temple was burned by Herostratus in 356 BC. e., was later restored, then finally destroyed by the Goths in 262 AD. e. and never recovered again. Several columns remained from the temple, a significant part of the fragments and sculptures found in the excavations are in museums around the world, in particular in the British Museum.

5. The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, the tomb of Anatolian Mausolus, was built by order of his sister and widow Artemisia. The mausoleum was built approximately between 353 and 351. BC e. architect Pythius and decorated with sculptures of four famous Greek sculptors: Scopas, Bryaxis, Leochares and Timoyheus. Descriptions of the mausoleum made by Pliny the Younger are known. The mausoleum was a square structure with a side of 125 m, framed by 36 columns. A marble chariot with four horses was installed on the roof. Fragments of sculptures of the mausoleum, including unique frescoes Greek wrestlers, Amazons, are kept in the British Museum. The reason for the destruction of the mausoleum has not been established, but it is assumed that it was destroyed by earthquakes during the period of the 10th-15th centuries. n. e. Destroyed elements of the building and stones were used in the construction of local structures and buildings.

6. Colossus of Rhodes. A huge statue of the sun god Helios was built in the harbor of the city of Rhodes (Greece) in 292-280. BC e. of bronze and was fortified with iron and stone. The height of the statue is 30 m, it took 12 years to build. According to the drawings, the statue was installed above the entrance to the harbor and did not last long - it was destroyed by earthquakes in 225 BC. e. Parts of it were in place until 653 AD. e., until during the sack of the city they were finally destroyed and taken out on 900 camels as metal.

7. faros lighthouse in Alexandria (Egypt), the most famous lighthouse ancient world, built by Ptolemy II around 280 BC. e. on the island of Pharos. The height of the lighthouse was 160 m. The lighthouse of Alexandria was unique technical facility for its time. The base of the building is square, the next parts are floor-by-floor octagonal, the top of the lighthouse is high Round Tower, a circular staircase led up to the lamp. The lighthouse was destroyed by fire, and then destroyed to the ground by earthquakes, only its descriptions, drawings and drawings have come down to us. There is evidence that the lighthouse will be recreated in its original form, it will have to be built anew, the structure will be strengthened - an earthquake-resistant frame will be used and turned into a new tourist attraction, which will significantly improve the attractiveness of the region.

Space tours

In one of the issues of the newspaper TTG (March 2003) there was an article by O. Gerasimenko and I. Koblov "Tours into space - reality or fiction?"

In it, the authors talk about the state and prospects for the development of space tourism in the world. In 2002 in Washington at a conference dedicated to world travel, NASA representatives said that the era of mass space tourism is approaching, and this will happen in 2004, and in 15 years the first real hotel on the moon will appear. There are already travel agencies in Japan and the US offering space tours. Thus, the Japanese company KNT, one of the largest tour operators in Japan, said that space tourism will become the main driving force behind the tourism business of the 21st century. For starters, the KNT took up more accessible starflight in lower orbits. They will cost about 98 thousand dollars. USA. Staff training has begun. So, soon in the documents of a graduate of the Rochester Technological University from the USA, the field of specialty will be written "Space tourism".

Potential travelers are most attracted by the opportunity to live in space hotels.

First, there will be small accommodation facilities for 10-20 guests, then they will build hotels from 100 beds to hotels with 1000 beds with gyms, casinos, swimming pools and other entertainment. Engineers from the construction firm Shimizu have designed a home in the form of a spinning wheel, which will be located 450 km from Earth. Around its axis it is planned to place buildings, restaurants, concert halls and utility rooms. Another Korean corporation claims that in 2017 it will equip an orbital hotel, whose guests will eat food grown right there, have fun in zero gravity and go into outer space.

Mankind will have to master both the Moon and Mars.

The project is supposed to be orbital cycling hotels that will fly between Earth and Mars. The project is based on an inexhaustible source of energy - the gravitational forces of two planets. The distance of 285 million km will be covered in 6-9 months.

Control questions:

1. What is the difference between exotic and adventure tourism?

2. Name the areas of development of exotic and adventure tourism.

3. What place in the world is a paradise for diving enthusiasts?

4. Why do tourists call Jamaica the "Island of Love"?

5. A distinctive feature of exotic and adventure tours in Austria.

6. What is considered the best place on Earth to live and travel?

7. Describe the types of diving.

8. Which areas are the most popular for diving tourism?

9. Describe rafting as one of the most popular types of adventure tourism today.

10. Briefly talk about surfing.

11. Where did the name "jeep" come from?

12. Name 7 Wonders of the World.

13. Space tourism as one of the most promising types of exotic tourism in the 21st century.

The familiar word "exotic" comes from the Greek "exotikos", which translates as foreign or alien. Usually, the term "exotic" means something unusual, something that most people find strange and unusual. Most often, Europeans and Americans call exotic nature, arts and customs of remote eastern and southern regions. Exotic tourism is just a trip to some unusual areas, getting new thrills, and sometimes even some extreme sports.

Exotic tourism is often called adventure tourism. Recently, travel to regions quite remote from civilization has become increasingly popular, and most often such trips are associated with non-traditional vehicles or active modes of transportation. Exotic tourism requires a certain amount of physical preparation, as travel is associated with certain difficulties, however, guides, camps and special equipment make exotic tourism as comfortable as possible and, most importantly, almost completely safe.

Conventionally, exotic tourism is divided into two categories: travel and sports. Sports exotic tourism is mountaineering, hiking, rafting, paragliding, in general, sports associated with some extreme and exotic. Sometimes even diving is referred to exotic sports tourism, although it is quite widespread. extreme views sports can be both the basis of a tourist trip, and its parts - for example, a trip through the jungle may include rafting on a local river.

Adventure travel is hiking in difficult natural conditions. Of course, they are accompanied by some sports activities, for example, mountaineering, but the main thing in such a trip is directly traveling through the area.

Most popular are hiking trails in the mountains, rafting on the rivers, traveling on horseback, bicycles or off-road vehicles. Such tourism differs from sports trips in that travelers do not cook food, do not wear backpacks and do not set up tents - all this is done by professional guides. Porters carry things for tourists, travelers often do not even row on rafting trips, and cycling trips are always accompanied by a bus. This makes exotic tourism more comfortable and affordable than heavy sports trips, and allows even people with no tourism experience to visit interesting places and experience the thrill.

Of course, all these routes are first managed by professionals, their complexity, ease of departure and access, etc. are calculated. - and only after that tourists are allowed along the route. The risk in such a journey is minimal, and its presence makes exotic tourism special.

For all exotic tours, there are certain safety rules, requirements for equipment and clothing, accommodation and meals. Of course, such tours are not cheap, since travel, service and comfort in extreme conditions cannot but be quite expensive.

By the way, exotic tourism is not always associated with difficulties and difficult conditions. Sometimes exotic tourism is understood as the usual classic trip to some eastern country, whose mentality and customs are very different from Russians. This is also a certain kind of exotic, although not related to hiking or a trip through the jungle.

Conventionally, exotic tourism is divided into two categories: travel and sports. Sports exotic tourism is mountaineering, hiking, rafting, paragliding, in general, sports associated with some extreme and exotic. Sometimes even diving is referred to exotic sports tourism, although it is quite widespread. Extreme sports can be both the mainstay of a tourist trip, and parts of it - for example, a trip through the jungle may include rafting on a local river.

The most popular are hiking trails in the mountains, rafting on the rivers, traveling on horseback, bicycles or off-road vehicles. Such tourism differs from sports trips in that travelers do not cook food, do not wear backpacks and do not set up tents - all this is done by professional guides. Porters carry things for tourists, travelers often do not even row on rafting trips, and cycling trips are always accompanied by a bus. This makes exotic tourism more comfortable and affordable than heavy sports trips, and allows even people with no travel experience to visit interesting places and experience thrills.

By the way, exotic tourism is not always associated with difficulties and difficult conditions. Sometimes exotic tourism is understood as an ordinary classic trip to some eastern country, the mentality and customs of which are very different from Russian ones. This is also a certain kind of exotic, although not associated with hiking or traveling through the jungle.

Areas of exotic tourism:

Developed and civilized countries of North Africa: Tunisia and Morocco;
States of Central and South Africa: Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa, etc.;
Japan, China and other East Asian countries;
Caribbean countries;
Australia;
South America: Galapagos Islands, Paraguay, Venezuela, Brazil, etc.;
Some groups of islands or islands: Seychelles, Bali, Tahiti, etc.;
Countries of Southeast and South Asia: Nepal, India, etc.

By the way, tourism infrastructure not developed in all places for exotic tourism. For example, in the Polynesian Islands there is only one international airport - and the islands themselves will already have to travel on local planes or even by water. Due to the long journey, there are very few Russians on the islands.

Exotic tourism in places with developed infrastructure is a vacation in comfortable hotels, convenient beaches and, most often, wild untouched nature. As such, there are no museums and architectural attractions here, but it’s quite possible to relax and feel cut off from civilization.

African safari is very popular among tourists. In Tanzania, Kenya and South Africa, tourists have the opportunity to drive jeeps through the African deserts and steppes, sometimes even hunting wild animals.

Safaris are also organized in Australia and New Zealand - where tourists can hunt crocodiles or kangaroos or go diving on the Great Barrier Reef. However, local aborigines are more interesting in Australia - the living embodiment of ancient human ancestors. The developed, unique and multifaceted culture of these tribes is truly exotic, it is completely different from everything that civilized people are used to.

Antarctica is a very special and truly extreme area for exotic tourism. Surprisingly, now tours are organized even there - and there are many who want to look at majestic ice. A softer option for such a tour is a trip to Greenland.