Adygea, Republic of Adygea. The history of the birth of a small but proud republic

Maikop is the capital of the Republic of Adygea, small town in the south of Russia, which appeared on the map of the country in 1857. For more than centennial history he managed to go from a military fortification to a beautiful, rich in sights and interesting place.

From here a striking panorama of its quiet, calm streets is the best suited for walking, and nature and historical sights attract tourists from all over the world.

Adygea on the map of Russia

The pastoral region in the south of Russia is a real paradise for geologists, archaeologists and travelers. A map of Adygea shows that more than 40% of the territory of this district is occupied by forests - beech, hornbeam, maple grow here, there are sites of ancient Neanderthals and homo sapiens.

Even now, walking through the places of their residence, you can find fragments of dishes and other traces of previous eras. In the mountainous regions of the republic, preserved megalithic monuments- tombs and dolmens of the Middle Bronze Age.

IN modern period time there are two city districts, municipal areas seven republics of Adygea, three urban settlements and more than two hundred small settlements. The climate is mostly temperate, winters are not very cold - the average January temperature is -2˚С. In summer, in July, the air temperature reaches +22˚С.

In the conditions of this territory within the same district, you can find various climatic zones, and with them - plants and animals of great diversity. Several nature protection zones function here, a number of unique ones will soon appear national natural Park"Mountain Adygea".

Since 1936, this territory has been Adyghe autonomous region. In 1992, it became the Republic of Adygea. The language of the indigenous population is Adyghe, although Russian is understood there and almost everyone speaks it.

The majority of the population professes Christianity or Islam. However, none of the religions is unifying for the inhabitants of the republic, since the spiritual culture of Adygea is based to a large extent on Adyghe Khabze - the ethical and philosophical doctrine of the Circassians concerning moral and ethical laws, attitudes towards elders, parents, women, and also contains advice regarding behavior in a given situation and the resolution of disputes.

Since the code does not indicate the need to adhere to any religion, but does not explicitly prohibit any of them, an Adyghe can profess any faith or be an atheist, and still remain an Adyghe as long as he adheres to the doctrine.

From the point of view of the nationalities inhabiting the region, the map of Adygea looks like this (2010 census data):

• Giaginskiy, Maikopskiy, Krasnogvardeyskiy and Takhtamukayskiy districts were in the lead by the number of Russians;
• in the urban district of Adygeisk, the city of the same name, Teuchezhsky, Shovgenovsky and Koshekhablsky districts, most of the Circassians lived;
• the highest percentage of Armenians was in Maikop region;
• Ukrainians in very small numbers, less than 2% of the total population, lived everywhere, but most of them, like Russians, were in the Giaginsky and Maikop districts;
• in terms of the number of Kurds - as much as 13.11% of the total population - the Krasnogvardeisky district was in the lead.

Against the background of wonderful nature Caucasian mountains the capital of the Republic of Adygea looks like a pearl, bordered with south side Belaya and Kurdzhipsa rivers. From here, as if in the palm of your hand, you can see the wooded ridges of the Caucasus, deep gorges and snow-capped peaks.

History of the capital

The first mention of the toponym "Maikop" dates back to 1825, and in 1857 General Kozlovsky founded a military fortification that received this name. In the early seventies of the 19th century, the fortification received the status county town and became the center of the Maykop district, at the same time the military leadership was abolished, and educational institutions soon began to appear - first the Mountain School, then the three-year school, and even later the Real Men's School and the city library appeared.

During the Great Patriotic War the city was occupied from August 10, 1942 to January 29, 1943. In memory of this event, May 9, 1967 was lit which can be seen in the city today.

According to the 2010 census, the number of inhabitants at that time was 144,249. In the same year, the capital of the Republic of Adygea lost the status of a historical settlement.

Getting to know the sights

Visit Maykop for just a day or two - good idea, and if you plan wisely, you will be able to see quite interesting things. Here you should not expect to replace quality with quantity - it is better to visit one or two places, but calmly and leisurely.

First of all, it is worth seeing the Maykop mosque: this wonderful one with its slender minarets and blue domes is beyond competition, although it was built only in 2000.

You should definitely try the ethnic product of this territory - Adyghe cheese. According to the legislation, only Russia, the Republic of Adygea is a legal producer of this type of fermented milk product, and only producers in this territory can call their product Adyghe cheese. Made elsewhere, it's considered counterfeit...so don't miss the chance to try the real product, smelling like fresh milk and wildflowers.

Especially if you are lucky enough to come to Maykop at the time when the festival is going on there. To services of visitors - not only a fair. Peculiar courtyards are laid out, where guests can see how dishes with this cheese are prepared and try them.

Other noteworthy place - Museum of Oriental Art. This is a branch of the Moscow state museum arts of the peoples of the East. It is quite small, but exhibitions and expositions are often held here, and in general, it will also be interesting to enter it on a “normal” day. Although Adygea is a small area on the map of Russia, there are enough finds from ancient times for several specialized exhibitions.

If there is an opportunity, you should definitely visit the building of the brewery workshop, the Church of St. George the Victorious, walk out of town, see the dolmens along Mount Bogatyrka. Scientists suggest that they had a cult significance - but like it or not, the dolmen culture of this region dates back to 2900 - 1300 BC.

Monuments of history

If there is enough time, the capital of Adygea can show its most fascinating sides to the attentive traveler. Both in the city itself and around it, there are many attractions that are worth exploring or at least seeing before leaving this wonderful place.

And first of all, it is worth visiting the bazaar. trading markets there are several in the city - Central, Eastern and Western - and on each you can find something interesting. It makes especially sense to take a closer look at spices - nowhere can you find such richness and variety of them as in the bazaar. Here, in the market, you can try Adyghe cheese and ayran, various varieties of lavash, and in autumn - edible chestnuts.

Secondly, be sure to pay attention to the surroundings. The capital of the Republic of Adygea is also beautiful because it is surrounded by wonderful, unique nature North Caucasus and monuments of ancient cultures.

In the city itself there are several interesting sights, the leader among which is the Cathedral Mosque. In addition to it, the building of the brewery shop, the memorial to the soldiers of the 131st brigade, the Museum of the East, the Friendship monument, the Kaplanov houses (built in the pseudo-modern style, characteristic of Maykop public architecture of the early 20th century), the fire tower, Art Gallery, mound Oshad, memorial to the heroes of the Civil and Great Patriotic War.

Train Station

This is the first thing that the capital of Adygea shows to tourists. The train that opened the station arrived here in 1910. Only eight years later, in 1918, a bloody battle against the White Guard troops took place here, as a result of which more than three thousand fighters of the Maikop Red Guard detachments died.

Based on the architecture, the station building can be attributed to the imitation of the Moorish style. In the central part there is a four-column portico with baluster railings. The facade of the building has open galleries with lancet arches that support round columns with capitals.

The building itself looks quite peaceful - it's hard to imagine that armed battles were once fought here. However, although Adygea on the map of Russia occupies only 80th place out of 85 in terms of area, no less events took place here than in large territories.

Cathedral Mosque

It was built in 2000 at the expense of a sheikh from the UAE. It is located in a beautiful, well-organized area and looks very peaceful against the backdrop of green spaces.

The blue domes of the mosque contrast with the light walls and look especially picturesque at sunset, when the rays of the setting sun paint the walls of the temple in a warm golden hue.

The building of the malting shop of the Maykop brewery

There are very few breweries on the territory of the Republic of Adygea, Maikop can only boast of one at all. The building consists of two buildings, but only one of them is of interest, built at the beginning of the 20th century in the Art Nouveau style, and which is an architectural monument of all-Russian significance.

The plant itself was founded in 1882 by V.I. Goods. The plant at that time produced "Pilsen", "Bavarian", "Viennese", "Export" and "Royal" beer. In 1908, the products of this enterprise were awarded the Gold Medal.

After opening railway beer from other republics began to be delivered to the markets of the city, and the owner had to take measures to maintain his position. have been increased production capacity, new equipment was installed and a building was built, which later became one of the decorations of Maikop.

After the establishment of Soviet power, the plant came under its control. External events during that period affected the well-being of the plant badly. Buildings and equipment gradually fell into disrepair. During the famine of 1932-1933, Adygea did not stand aside either, Krasnodar region, and in general the territory of the Kuban and the North Caucasus. Restoration began only in the postwar years. In memory of the factory workers who did not return from the front, a small obelisk was erected on its territory.

In 2007-2009, buildings were reconstructed and production was modernized.

Memorial to the soldiers of the 131st motorized rifle brigade and the Afghan Alley

The revolution and the war did not bypass Maykop - the capital of Adygea suffered both during the Leninist coup and during the Great Patriotic War. The memorial is dedicated to the memory of the soldiers who died in 1995 during the storming of Grozny and is located on the side of the village of Kamennomostsky.

The memorial includes the Church of St. George the Victorious, two pylons crowned with the coat of arms of Russia, as well as two of the 18 military vehicles that survived then. A complete list of the dead participants in that operation is carved on granite.

Nearby is another monument - the Afghan Alley memorial, dedicated to those who took part in the Afghan war.

Memorial to the Heroes of the Civil and Great Patriotic War and the Eternal Flame

This monument is located on the northern outskirts of Maykop, not far from the railway station.

Initially, it was erected in 1927 in memory of the victims of 1918 - then more than three thousand people were shot by the White Guards on the forecourt. The second event, in memory of which the memorial was built, refers to the Great Patriotic War. In September 1942, all regions of the Republic of Adygea were occupied by fascist invaders. Over 4,000 people were killed in Maykop in six months.

In the 50s, the area around the monument was reconstructed - among other things, the Eternal Flame was lit. Now there are several units of military equipment from the Great Patriotic War.

Fire Tower

Its building was built in 1900 in a reminiscent style, along with adjacent buildings for fire engines. It has only 5 floors, on the last one there is an observation gallery. The facade is divided into four tiers with cornices. The top three floors are also octagonal. The building itself is painted red.

Pushkin House

Initially, the Pushkin House was one of the very first buildings in the city. Built in 1900 at the expense of the townspeople, it played the role of the cultural and educational center of Maikop. It was partially destroyed during the Great Patriotic War.

In the 1950s, a decision was made to reconstruct the monument of architecture. According to the project of the architect Lebedev, a new building (theater) was built on the basis of the former Pushkin House. A foyer with an eight-column portico appeared, a hall for 600 seats, a stage box with utility rooms.

As a result of perestroika, Pushkin House has changed a lot. Now there is little in it that resembles the building of 1900. Of the interior decoration, the auditorium is the best preserved, where even now you can see the unique molding of the ceilings and marvel at the excellent acoustics. However, it retained its former name, although it is now used as a theater.

Kurgan Oshad

The main city of the Republic of Adygea - Maikop - has a little more than a century, but the land on which it is built has its own history going back thousands of years. Sanctuaries excavated by archaeologists are evidence of this.

In 1897, N. Veselovsky unearthed an ancient burial mound on the territory of Maykop. The embankment looked like an earthen mound 10 meters high and about 60 meters in diameter. Inside were found the remains of three deceased - one man and two women. Along with the bodies, there was also a rich burial inventory, including jewelry, vessels made of gold, silver, copper, ceramics, and other materials, weapons, as well as things that may have been ritual items.

Based on the finds, scientists have suggested that this is the burial place of a wealthy chief-priest Oshad. At present, it is attributed to the time of the last quarter of the 4th millennium BC. The found items are exhibited in the Moscow museum, and a stele has been installed at the burial site.

Around the mound at a later time, a whole complex of solar sanctuaries arose, located on all four cardinal points at the ends of the rays of the so-called "rose of flowers".

Traces of these structures can still be seen on the territory of Maikop as mounds with ramparts and ditches or underground circles of stones. The Maykop slab containing a still undeciphered inscription was found on the territory of one of these sanctuaries.

Khodzhokh dolmens

Outside the city is even more interesting places. Among them are Khodzhokh dolmens, a complex of 14 buildings of the era bronze age(including the fully preserved Chygyudzh dolmen), which are located at the entrance to Kamennomostsky. In fact, there are a lot of such structures in the republic - another group is located in the Bogatyrskaya glade.

It is close enough to the city that you can get to the clearing either by car or on foot or on horseback. The main mass of megaliths is concentrated on the eastern tip of the Bogatyrsky Range, they are located in 2 rows, some are scattered along the slopes.

Hundreds of thousands of dolmens have been found in the former autonomy - scientists suggest that the center of the ancient unknown civilization. At the same time, the Maikop and Mostovsky districts of Adygea have the largest concentration of these structures.

Similar ones are found in North Africa, in Western, Northern and Southern Europe, in Korea, China, Japan, South and South-East Asia. Many similar ones were found in the Northern and Western Caucasus - scientists attribute them to the dolmen culture, to the period of early and middle bronze, that is, the time of the III-I millennium BC.

Russia - Adygea, to be precise - is thus one of the territories where quite complex and advanced civilizations. The complex of sanctuaries around the Oshad mound testifies to the same. Experts have not yet come to a common opinion, for which megaliths were built.

Distinctive features. Adygea is a small republic in the foothills of the North Caucasus. It got its name in honor of the proud people of the Circassians, better known to the common people as the Circassians. They once inhabited vast lands Krasnodar Territory and the Caucasus, from the Black Sea coast to the Caspian Sea. It is worth noting that the people themselves prefer to call themselves “Adyge”, and only a part calls themselves Circassians. Accordingly, when national republics began to be created in the USSR, Karachay-Cherkessia was created for the Circassians, and Adygea for the Adygs.

Speaking about the uniqueness of Adygea, it should be noted amazing nature. From north to south, as the height increases, they change natural areas: after the forest-steppes, foothill oak forests begin, turning into beech and beech-fir forests. Starting from a height of about one and a half kilometers above sea level, the subalpine belt begins with beautiful mountain meadows.

On a small territory of the republic, you can find many mountain rivers with waterfalls, karst caves, quiet lakes. To the south, surrounded Caucasian ranges, the Lago-Naki plateau is located. This is a paradise for skiers, because the snow lies here until the summer. And the place itself is very picturesque.

In 1999, Adygea was included in the UNESCO Natural Heritage List. This is the fifth territory in Russia to receive such a status. And it is absolutely deserved: the vast territories of the republic are protected lands that are part of the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve, which also includes the territories of the Krasnodar Territory.

Such beauty attracts tourists from all over. former Union. They really have a lot to do here. Skiing, rock climbing, speleology, hang gliding - that's far from full list activities that await guests of Adygea.

But the republic is not alive only with tourism. The cultivation and processing of various agricultural crops, as well as mechanical engineering for the agro-industrial sector, is developed here. But real pride Adygea is horse breeding. Today, traditions are being revived, and sports horses are now grown on the basis of the Maykop stud farm.

Geographic location. The Republic of Adygea is located in the south of Russia, in the North Caucasus. We can say that Adygea is an enclave. After all, the only territory with which it borders is the Krasnodar Territory, and wherever you throw it, its borders are everywhere, even the sea is not nearby. The territory of the republic is small, only 7792 sq. km. Nevertheless, a number of rivers flow through it, including the Kuban, the main water artery of the Krasnodar Territory.

Population The Republic of Adygea is small - only some 444403 people. Despite the fact that a significant part of the territory is occupied by mountain plateaus and reserves, Adygea is in 14th place among the regions of Russia in terms of population density - 57 people. per sq. km. As in many regions of Russia, there are slightly more women than men. According to the latest data, 53.5% are women. 46.5% men.

Although Adygea - national republic, most population (61.53%) are Russians. Adyghes are only the second largest (24.28%). Such a disproportion between the indigenous and alien population due to the fact that a significant part of the Circassian Circassians left their native lands and moved to Turkey, where there are now about a million of them. Thus, for those who want to move to Maykop, the environment will not differ much from their own - the majority here are Russians and speak Russian.

Crime. 74th place in the ranking of the most dangerous regions From a crime point of view, this is an excellent result. What's so amazing about that? Adyghe people are good, calm people. Nevertheless, crimes do happen here, although not as often as in other regions. Basically it is theft, malfeasance. Sometimes some young and "hot" mountaineer will open fire - well, it happens. It's still the Caucasus.

Unemployment rate quite high in the republic - 8.08%. Of course, in a republic focused on tourism and agriculture, it is difficult to find a suitable job. If in Maykop itself there is still some decent production, then in other small villages of the republic people have to feed on what the Adyghe land sends.

The average salary in Adygea is 16 thousand rubles. You can’t really shine for this money, but the prices here are not the same as in the central regions. On the other hand, lower wages are offset by cleaner mountain air giving health and strength. By the way, the average life expectancy here is 70 years, which is higher than in central regions Russia.

Real estate value in Adygea is extremely low. Two-room apartments in Maykop are sold for 1.5 - 2 million rubles, depending on the area, the age of the house and its condition. One-room apartments can be found for 1 - 1.3 million rubles. Prices for apartments in new buildings - about 32 thousand rubles per square meter. meter.

Climate Adygea depends on the terrain and altitude. In general, it is much more humid than the climate of the steppes of the Krasnodar Territory. Soft warm winter and moderately hot summer - what else is needed for happiness? The hottest month of summer is July, when the average temperature is 22°C. Winter begins at the end of November and peaks in January when temperatures drop to below zero. In some areas, frosts reach -20°С. The annual rainfall is 700 - 800 mm per year.

Cities of the Republic of Adygea

- the Russian name of the city with the hard-to-pronounce name Myekkuape (this is how the Adygs called this land). It was first mentioned in Russian reports in 1825, and in 1857 a fortification was built on these lands, which gave rise to the city. Now the population of Maykop is 144,683 people, which is an order of magnitude more than in any other settlement of Adygea.

This clean and green city is one of the safest and most environmentally friendly in Russia. In economic terms, there are difficulties, since there is no longer the same market for local engineering enterprises as it was under the USSR, and now it must be conquered. Nevertheless, enterprises are trying to survive - they produce new products and demonstrate them at exhibitions. Tourism plays an increasingly important role in the city's economy: after all, the nature in the vicinity of Maykop is beautiful both in summer and in winter.

Moreover, if you were born and raised, attached to cozy areas up to ten floors, and not to huge ones, like Chinese walls, monolithic skyscrapers, at the sight of these neat houses, “I want” will involuntarily break out.


Look carefully at this entrance to the residential complex "Uyutny" in the village of Yablonovsky.

When I visited it, I immediately remembered the Aircraft Builders House of Culture in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The interior is similar, isn't it? Which of my fellow countrymen, looking at the picture without a clue, will guess that this is an ordinary entrance?
Otis elevator. The same ones are installed in business class houses in Krasnodar. Silent and fast, you still have to try to get stuck in it or not wait. The house is ten stories high. Above is not here.
We go to the apartment. One-room 51 square meters. The area is increased by merging with a balcony. Kitchen 10 meters, you can live on it. Due to the restoration of the partition, we get a full-fledged loggia, maybe it will come in handy for someone. The bathroom is separate, in the corridor there is enough space for a closet. All communications are summed up. The kitchen has its own double boiler, gas.
In the same entrance there is a one-room apartment measuring 47 square meters. She doesn't have a balcony. Everything else is the same as in the previous one.


The finishing touches are of very high quality. You will have to tinker with the ceiling, but you can glue the wallpaper on the walls right away.
The features of a two-room apartment in this house are an impressive dressing room, popularly known as the "mother-in-law's room", a separate bathroom, isolated rooms. Again, a full-fledged spacious kitchen with a loggia. The footage of two-room apartments in "Uyutny" is about 70 sq.m.

Prices for apartments in Yablonovsky are different.

If you wish, you can find apartments even smaller, even cheaper, or larger and more expensive. It is not a question to buy a one-room apartment here even for one million rubles, but then the house will be simpler and the yard will be smaller.
In a house under construction, a square meter costs from 21 to 31 thousand rubles. Choosing this option, you will have to wait for the moment of settlement from several months to a year. Developers in Yablonovsky village usually hand over objects on time.
As for the residential complex "Uyutny", the houses here are already ready for occupancy. They are located in the center of the village. Nearby - a clinic, a kindergarten, minibus stops, shopping mall IKEA, Auchan, Merlin and others. The territory of the yard, playground, parking are guarded. Here are the guards and the barrier.

National and other issues p. Yablonovsky

It takes 10 minutes to get from the village of Yablonovsky to the historical center of Krasnodar, Pushkin Square. It turns out that not only the price is tempting, but also this proximity.
IN Adygea, and the village of Yablonovsky refers specifically to this republic, roads and yards are built together with houses, and not after their delivery. Look how clean it is. After the rain, no one drowns in puddles, the yards remain neat. In addition, low-rise construction allows you to get to know your neighbors better - this is another plus for the comfort zone. Even in the village of Yablonovsky, utility bills are minimal.

So, about the settlement of Yablonovsky, one can briefly say: close, neat, clean. But - this is not Krasnodar, it's still Adygea. Many are afraid of the very name of the republic. Are the fears justified?

Indigenous people republics of Adygea- Adygs, Adyghes.

This people is also called Circassians in a different way. Yes, those same Circassians who were on the side of the Muslim Turks during the Russian-Turkish war, and who had to make room in their own territories when Russian empire won a decisive victory in this war. During Stalin's time, the Circassians were also infringed on a national basis, they were actively divided. But at the same time, no one evicted them to the north (remember the Jewish autonomous republic). On the territory of Adygea actively raised education, agriculture and so on.

Currently on the territory of the village of Yablonovsky 100 thousand people live, 70% of them are Russians. Despite this, the study of the Adyghe language remains mandatory in the schools of the village, by the way, the signs are also in Russian and Adyghe. In addition to national characteristics- lowered Priors on the streets. And nothing else special - no one is dragging anyone by the hand to the mosque. And the kids don't know anything at all. national question. Ivan and Islam play in the same sandbox, Jaffar and Natasha sit at the same desk. No fights or fights. Everything is calm, the neighbors respect each other.
Problems with education and medical care in the village of Yablonovsky are fictitious. properly formatted medical insurance will provide reception in polyclinics and hospitals in Krasnodar, the same thing - the child can be sent to a city school. The only negative is that with an Adyghe residence permit it is more difficult to get a loan from the banks of Krasnodar.

Buildings p. Yablonovsky

I remember that I was impressed by the price of the apartments and the interior of the completed LCD house " New town(The construction of this microdistrict will be fully completed in five years). In it, I found an almost perfect small kopeck piece - 48 sq.m., with isolated rooms and large kitchen for only 1400 thousand rubles. But as I imagined how long it would take for my child to walk to school...
And here is another building Yablonowskith- LCD "Star". It is being erected a few steps from the secondary school No. 5. The school is considered the best in Yablonovsky village.

You should not think that the village of Yablonovsky is just new buildings. Here, both in the center and on the outskirts, you can find all the architecture of the 60-80s of the last century. And sometimes, because of the proximity to the school, clinic, fitness center, etc. she is preferable.
In the village of Yablonovsky developed private sector. The village began with it in 1888, when the senior notary of the notary office of Krasnodar Feodosy Yablonovsky sold two plots of land in these places. Therefore, you can easily buy your home here. And both "historical" and built recently.
And yet, what kind of housing would you choose - a bonus to it from the village of Yablonovsky will be the bank of the Kuban River, where you can go fishing, play football, just take a walk or have a picnic; the proximity of huge shopping centers: Auchan food store, Metro wholesale base, Mega Adygeya shopping and entertainment complex, IKEA and others; proximity to the center of Krasnodar and the ability to quickly get to it.

Many of those who hurriedly made a choice in favor of a smaller square footage and another remote one, gradually looking closely at the Yablonovsky settlement, begin to regret their act. So, be careful when choosing a place to live.
Come, we will show and tell you everything, we will help you choose and buy real estate in the village of Yablonovsky.

Adygea is a unique region where tourists can find such riches that they did not even suspect. First of all, these are natural resources. There are mountains and forests where hunting is permitted; here is part of the famous Caucasian biosphere reserve. The mountains of Adygea are included in the UNESCO List of Objects world heritage humanity. Travelers can see incredible gorges and canyons, rivers and waterfalls in them. And there are practically no cities here, but there are numerous colorful villages in the mountains, where the Circassians still live the way they lived hundreds of years ago.

Adygea is one of the smallest subjects of the Federation (except for individual cities). There are only two "real" cities here: the capital, Maykop, and Adygeysk. The rest is settlements; the most interesting of them are Mezmay, Dakhovskaya, Guzeripl and Kamennomostsky.

Tourism in the republic is still developing, and it is impossible to say that the infrastructure here is especially rich. But this does not stop tourists: true travelers do not come here for infrastructure at all. Rest in Adygea is much cheaper than in the resorts of the Krasnodar Territory, and every year about 10% more guests come here - for the sake of rafting on mountain rivers, trekking, mountaineering and climbing, as well as hang gliding.

A bit of history

Adygea is famous for a very long history. Near Maikop there are ancient sites of even prehistoric people - Paleolithic and Mesolithic. Also in Adygea there are many dolmens and barrows, testifying to the culture that inhabited mountainous areas thousands of years ago. The Russians called the ancestors of the current Adygs Circassians; after the hundred-year Caucasian war of the 18-19 centuries, most of them were expelled to present-day Turkey, and those that remained were evicted to the plains near the Kuban River. Autonomous Circassian region was formed in 1922, and in 1936 Maikop became its center. The republic withdrew from the Krasnodar Territory only in 1990.

How to get there

A direct bus from Krasnodar goes to Maykop for 2.5 hours. In addition, you can get to Adygea by bus from many other cities in the Krasnodar Territory and even from Moscow. The buses are quite old and not very comfortable, so in terms of convenience better train: they go from Moscow to Belorechenskaya, from where you can get to Maykop by train or bus. Daily fast trains from Adler/Sochi it takes about 5.5 hours to Maikop (on the way you can enjoy a beautiful view).

Search for flights to the city of Krasnodar (the nearest airport to the Republic of Adygea)

Weather in the Republic of Adygea

The climate in Adygea is very pleasant, temperate and mild. average temperature January -0.5 °C, July +23 °C.

Cuisine and restaurants of the Republic of Adygea

The Adyghe national cuisine is very interesting, and its dishes, prepared from natural, often own products, are extremely healthy. Almost all Russian people know the wonderful Adyghe cheese, which is made all over the country today, but which is worth trying here. Another unique ingredient in many Adyghe dishes is the unique local salt mixed with spices.

Historically in national cuisine it was difficult to pay much attention to beef (little pasture) or pork (Islam), so the main meat dish on the table of the Circassians was chicken (with the obligatory pepper-garlic sauce) and, less often, lamb (seasoned with sour-milk sauce with garlic). The main dishes of everyday cuisine were dishes made from flour or cereals. Their names are easy to recognize: almost all of them begin with the syllable "hye" - "cereal". These are corn cake "hetyk", wheat halva "helue", barley stew "hegulyve". And be sure to try buza (“makhsyme”), a traditional low-alcohol mead made from millet or corn.

Adygea is the only region of the Russian Federation that is completely an enclave (that is, it is surrounded on all sides by another region - the Krasnodar Territory).

Entertainment and attractions of the Republic of Adygea

Acquaintance with Adygea usually begins with an acquaintance with Maykop. It's very pleasant and quite green City, in which, nevertheless, travelers do not stop for a long time - they rush to meet the amazing Adyghe nature. It is worth visiting the Maikop Cathedral Mosque on Friendship Square.

Near Maikop there is a famous canyon through which the Belaya River flows. This is the Khadzhokh gorge, one of the most common routes laid out for visiting tourists. The gorge is small, less than 500 m long, but surprisingly picturesque. Near the gorge, upstream of the river, there are waterfalls of the Big Rufabgo stream. This is another popular excursion route, easily passable and interesting: here you can see the famous 15-meter Maiden's Spit, as well as the six-meter Noise, Rufabgo Heart, Cascade, Bowl of Love waterfalls - more than 15 waterfalls in total. Some waterfalls require a little climbing skill - for example, the 20-meter Dry - but they are worth it.

The Khadzhokh gorge is part of the famous All-Union tourist route № 30.

One of the rare sights of Adygea, both symbolic and architectural, is the Orthodox Mikhailo-Athos Monastery. Pustyn was formed in 1877 on the slope of Fiziabgo, and over the following years five churches appeared on its territory. The monastery became a famous center of pilgrimage, but after the revolution, of course, it was closed, and after the Great Patriotic War, all its churches were blown up. In 2001, the shrine began to be revived, and by now the main monastery church, Holy Trinity, has been completely restored.

The mountain village of Guzeripl is known for its famous dolmen. The village is located on the territory of the Caucasian Reserve.

Plateau Lago-Naki - unique area Adygea, covered with alpine meadows. The plateau is located at an altitude of about 2000 m above sea level, and you can spend a good couple of weeks here, just enjoying the pictures of flowering herbs in the background. majestic mountains, prehistoric forests in river valleys, picturesque caves. Rest on Lago-Naki is either an active cleaning of the lungs with oxygen during day trips to the most beautiful places of our planet, or... Passive cleansing of the lungs with oxygen in one of the rest houses, in a meditative contemplation of the surrounding beauties over a cup of fragrant tea from mountain herbs.

The mountains of Adygea can pose many difficult and interesting tasks for climbers. Shepsi, Oshten, Chugusht (3200 m) and Fisht (2800 m) are famous not only for their beauty, but also for their accessibility for tourists: in order to climb many peaks, climbing equipment is not needed, and often one day is enough. Fisht, which is visible even from Krasnodar in good weather, is main peak Lago-Naki, and you can climb it along several routes that are suitable, including for those who are poorly prepared (the easiest route has a difficulty category of 1B). Oshten has as many as five peaks that you can climb. And on Mount Pshekho-Su there is a famous glacial lake Psenodes.

Russia. Administrative center Kamennomostsky rural settlement.

The village is located on both banks of the Belaya River, 26 km south of the regional center of the village of Tulsky. The final station Khadzhokh on the branch line of the North Caucasian Railway from Belorechensk.

Story

On the left bank of the Belaya River, on the territory of the current village, there was the Adyghe village of Khodzhiko (Adyghe Khedzhyk, Khadzhyk'o), famous for its long defense under the leadership of Muhammad Amin, naib Shamil against Russian troops. In 1862, a Cossack defensive post was built on the opposite bank of the Belaya River from the village. In 1864, the village of Kamennomostskaya of the Maikop department of the Kuban region was founded, in 1873 - 1914 the settlement had the status of a village at the village of Dakhovskaya.

In 1948, the settlement acquired the status of an urban-type settlement, and since 2011 it has the status of a rural settlement. locality. locals and tourists often call the village Khadzhoh.

National composition

According to the 2010 census, out of 7,213 people living in the village, 7,089 people indicated their nationality

Nationality % Population Russians 94.59% 6,706 Ukrainians 1.88% 133 Armenians 0.73% 52 Adyghes 0.47% 33 Tatars 0.30% 21 Belarusians 0.25% 18 Mordovians 0.24% 17 Germans 0.24 %17

Attractions

• On the southern outskirts of the village is the Meshoko gorge with viewing platforms, waterfalls, grottoes.
• Narrow (min. 3 m) and deep (up to 45 m) canyon Khadzhokhskaya gorge on the Belaya River. The current name of the village was taken from stone bridge”- a collapsed rock hovering over the canyon.
• Mikhailo-Afonskaya Trans-Kuban Desert (Pobeda village, 5 km to the east), dolmens, karst caves.
• A few kilometers from the village, the excursion route "Waterfalls of the Rufabgo Stream" is equipped.
• A few hundred meters from the Shum waterfall is the Skvoznaya cave.
• Kamennomostskaya cave. The lower layer of the cave belongs to the Late Paleolithic. It was inhabited by people of the era of early metal - Maikop culture. Later, the article was used by the Adyghe tribes in the Middle Ages.

People associated with the village

• Larin, Anatoly Pavlovich (born 1935) - Soviet military leader. Assistant to the USSR Ministry of Defense. Lieutenant General
• Mirgorodsky, Viktor Alexandrovich (born 1933) - Soviet and Russian military leader. Deputy Commander of the South-GV, PribVO and the Moscow Military District for Logistics, Lieutenant-General.