The most beautiful castles and palaces in the world. The most beautiful palaces in the world

The Middle Ages, the Renaissance left a large historical and cultural mark in the form of numerous castles and palaces, perfectly preserved in Europe. Looking at the photos of the castles of France, one can note their rich, elegant and detailed architecture. Undoubtedly, each of them has its own national characteristics characteristic of the culture of this country. There are more than 300 of them in total, we will show you the most beautiful and famous of them.

Castles of Loire

Castles of the Loire is a generalized name for a number of architectural structures located in the valley of the Loire River, which flows through the whole country and, in the past, was of great transport importance.

Let's start the story with one of the most popular and visited castles - Chenonceau Castle, located next to the village of the same name.

King Francis I donated another fine example of architecture - Chambord Castle. By the way, Leonardo da Vinci and Domenico da Corton took part in its creation.

And this is the castle of Amboise, classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is located in the city of the same name, Amboise, named after a family that had a huge influence on the politics and economy of the region.

A distinctive feature of the Lavut-Polignac castle is that it is built entirely of gray volcanic stone. In the past, it had an important defensive value.

Smaller than its counterparts, but with an original appearance - La Bussière Castle.

Photos of the interior of the castle

Using the example of the same La Bussière castle, let's look at the interior decoration.

The servants, of course, dined and dined in the simpler rooms.

Photos of castles and palaces in other regions of France

In Marseille there is a beautiful Longchamp Palace, built in the middle of the 19th century. It is unanimously called a masterpiece of architecture of this era.

The fortress of Fort Boyard became famous throughout the world thanks to the TV show of the same name, which was shown in many countries of the world. After the appearance of long-range guns, the fort lost its original meaning and a prison was organized in its building and kept criminals.

And this is the famous Versailles, whose beauty cannot be contained in one photograph. in an absolutely huge palace complex the atmosphere of the golden era of Louis XIV, nicknamed "the sun king", reigns everywhere.

The Chateau d'If was originally built as a defensive structure to protect against attacks from the sea. However, it was never attacked, and subsequently became a state prison. This place became very popular thanks to the book The Count of Monte Cristo.

The Renaissance Palace of Fontainebleau was the residence of many French kings. It is located 60 kilometers from Paris towards the southeast.

And for dessert - the beautiful and well-known castle of Mont Saint-Michel, located on small island and towering over him like a heavenly throne.

The practice of building majestic palaces and castles in Europe is much older than in Rus', where for a long time there were only Kremlins, defensive fortresses, and royal and boyar chambers. But after Peter I turned the vector of Russia's development towards the West, similar structures began to appear in our country. Therefore, it is not surprising that the most beautiful palaces and castles of Russia are grouped around St. Petersburg. Nowadays, museums are usually located in such palaces and castles, and in some places even reconstructions of historical military battles are arranged.

1. Winter Palace (St. Petersburg)

This ceremonial royal residence was ordered to be built in the middle of the 18th century by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna Romanova. Spectacular building on the Neva embankment has become the central part of the capital Russian Empire that time. Its construction was entrusted to the famous Italian architect Rastrelli, who had already built a couple of palaces in the capital by that time. However, the decoration and size of these palaces did not meet the needs of the empress. She demanded that the new residence had higher ceilings, and the interiors were decorated with lush baroque decor, so there was a lot of gilding, sculptures, stucco, draperies with luxurious fabrics.
Facades of the Winter Palace purchased bluish shades only in Soviet times, but initially they were sandy yellow, and later they were given more saturated yellow and even brown tones. The empress insisted that the height of the palace reach an unprecedented height of 22 m for the capital. However, in reality it turned out to be another 1.5 meters higher. In the huge building of the palace, there are over 1000 rooms intended for official ceremonies, private quarters for members of the imperial family, rooms for close associates, for storing collections, as well as many office premises.

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2. Catherine Palace (Tsarskoye Selo)

The name of this palace can be misleading if you think that it is related to Catherine the Great. In fact, it was ordered to be laid in 1717 by Catherine I. And the building that has survived to this day was built by Rastrelli in 1756 for another empress, Elizabeth Petrovna. Of course, Catherine II also contributed to the decoration of the palace - for example, for Alexander, her beloved grandson, several rooms were decorated here in the imperial style. But in general, the interiors and facades of the Catherine Palace correspond to the jubilant baroque style.
Palace building from above three centuries is the dominant feature of Tsarskoye Selo, and around it there is a magnificent Catherine Park. The facades are painted in an azure shade, and the golden ornament and white columns make them more solemn. The interiors, decorated by Rastrelli, are no less impressive. Along the entire length of the palace there are ceremonial halls, forming an enfilade, decorated with gilded carvings. The famous reconstructed Amber Room is located in the Catherine Palace.

3. Grand Palace in Peterhof

Peter I built on the shore Gulf of Finland several residences. The huge palace and park complex harmoniously combines beautiful palaces, magnificent cascades and fountains. Peter himself conceived and sketched overall plan device of Peterhof, which is translated from Dutch and means "Peter's courtyard". The central place of the whole ensemble was the Bolshoi Peterhof Palace. The construction of the summer suburban imperial residence began more than three hundred years ago - in 1714.
Peterhof was opened in 1723, when the Upper Chambers (now called the Great Peterhof Palace), the palaces of Marly and Monplaisir were already ready. By the opening of the palaces, they managed to plan and lay out part of the parks and launch several fountains. When restorations were carried out in subsequent periods, including after the Great Patriotic War, the restorers sought to preserve Peter's ideas that remained in his sketches and drawings. Now the Great Peterhof Palace is a historical and art museum with rich collections of sculptures, paintings and other exhibits.

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4. Great Gatchina Palace

Catherine II built another palace near the capital - the Great Gatchina Palace. She commissioned the construction of the palace for her favorite, who was then Grigory Orlov, in 1766 to the Italian Antonio Rinaldi. The palace in a style that combined the features of English hunting castles and a typical Russian country estate became a long-term construction, completed only in 1781. He remained the only castle near St. Petersburg.
The main entrance to the palace was decorated with statues by Morlater and Marchiori, the facade was faced with the famous Pudost stone - Gatchina limestone, which is distinguished by its special strength and durability. But the favorite died two years after the completion of the palace. Then Catherine bought the palace and handed it over to Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich. Now within the walls of this palace works state museum. During the war, he was badly damaged by hostilities, after which he was restored for a long time. Now a suite of ceremonial halls is available for visits, as well as an underground passage leading to the Silver Lake.

5. Vorontsov Palace (St. Petersburg)

This palace is located in the city center, opposite the Gostiny Dvor on Sadovaya street. It was built in 1749-1757 by Rastrelli for Chancellor Vorontsov. The facades of the palace have a rich decor, and the interiors are also no less luxuriously decorated. The building has over 50 rooms. There is a lot of gilded carving, stucco and other baroque decorations. The chancellor did not calculate his strength, since the construction of the palace turned out to be so overhead that he had to give it up to the treasury in 1763 for debts.
When Paul I ascended the throne in the late 1790s, he transferred the Vorontsov Palace to the Order of Malta, and at the same time the Chapter of Russian Orders was added here. After the October Revolution, the First Petrograd Infantry School of the Red Army commanders settled in the palace. In 1937 it was reorganized into the Leningrad Infantry School. Kirov, and in 1955 it was transformed into the Suvorov Military School, which is located in this palace to this day.

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6. BIP Castle (Pavlovsk)

This abbreviation means "Paul's big toy", the fortress is also called Mariental. In plan, it is a pentagonal two-story castle with a courtyard and two towers. Paul I conceived it as a funny house. The castle was also designed by Italian architects, and it was built at the end of the 18th century at the confluence of the Tyzva and Slavyanka rivers. The castle was surrounded by earthen ravelins, had lunettes, bastions and flushes. At the end of the 18th century, a dam was made on the river, and a park was laid out around the castle. Pavel ordered that cannons be installed in the fortress, and even ordered that it be assigned to the military ministry, where Marienthal was listed until 1811.
After the assassination of Paul I, the fortress served for various purposes: a military infirmary, a school for the deaf, a military educational institution, city and parochial school, orphanage and military registration and enlistment office. In 1919, the headquarters of General Yudenich was located in the BIP castle. During the Second World War, the fortress of Paul I completely burned down and was abandoned until the very end of the 20th century. Only recently it was completely restored to serve luxury hotel and a restaurant.

7. Sheremetevsky Castle (Yurino, Republic of Mari El)

On the banks of the Volga old castle, which once belonged to the Sheremetev family. It has about a hundred rooms, and a winter garden is arranged under a glass dome. The crenellated fortress walls, the neo-Gothic quadrangular tower, parks, ponds and outbuildings have been preserved. The entire estate is spread over an area of over 45 hectares. Nowadays, the estate has become a federal architectural monument, which is under state protection. It all started in 1812, after the purchase of the neighboring village by the richest in Nizhny Novgorod landowner Vasily Sheremetiev.
The stone castle began to be built by his grandson, also Vasily, in 1874. The construction was carried out slowly, stretching for more than 40 years, and three generations of the Sheremetevs were engaged in it. In the end, the castle turned out to be about a hundred rooms. In the 90s of the last century, the castle was in a deplorable state. Later, they nevertheless took up its restoration, and today part of the premises of the castle serves as a hotel.

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8. Mikhailovsky Castle (St. Petersburg)

One of interesting monuments The architecture of St. Petersburg is considered to be the Mikhailovsky Castle. It was built at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries by order of Paul I, painted in the color of the gloves of the imperial favorite. Initially, the castle with the adjacent territory was completely separated by the waters of the Fontanka and Moika rivers, as well as the Voznesensky and Church canals. But, having lived only 40 days after moving into the castle, Paul was villainously murdered in his own bedroom. The Romanovs immediately moved to the Winter Palace, leaving the castle in oblivion for almost two decades.
The Mikhailovsky Castle turned out to be in demand only in 1819 after the Main Engineering School entered here, while the canals were filled up, and the drawbridges were removed. Later, the castle itself was rebuilt for the needs of the school, as a result, it lost its original appearance. In 1994, the Mikhailovsky Castle was transferred to the Russian Museum. It was restored for the 300th anniversary of the city, returning to many interiors the look that they had under Paul I.

9. Vyborg Castle

In the annals of ancient Vyborg, the first mention of it in the 13th century is associated with the medieval Vyborg Castle, which is the main city attraction. The Swedes, who landed on the shores of the Gulf of Finland in 1293, built a fortification on a small island and called it Vyborg, that is, the Holy Fortress. Subsequently, this stronghold of the Scandinavians many times became a participant in battles with the Russian troops, who sought to gain access to the Baltic Sea.
In 1807 it was turned into a prison, where, in particular, some Decembrists were kept. Finally, after a big fire in 1860, the fortress completely lost its defensive functions. For a short time in the 20th century, Vyborg fell to the Finns, but was soon returned. Subsequently, the state took it under protection and turned it into a museum, archaeological excavations are still being carried out there.

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10. Meiendorf (Moscow region)

In Barvikha, near Moscow, there is an unusual for our places Meiendorf castle, which outwardly is very similar to a classic knight's castle. It was owned by the daughter of General A. Kazakov, Nadezhda, who later became Baroness Meiendorf. Around the colorful castle in 1885-1887, the architect P. Boytsov built beautiful park. In 1914, the Meiendorfs left Russia, and a boarding school for orphans settled in their castle, and after it, the Barvikha sanatorium of the Council of People's Commissars. Renovated in 2004, the castle became one of the presidential residences.

Mysterious, bizarre, fabulous, picturesque ... A selection of photos ancient castles and palaces.

All pictures were taken in winter different countries and cities.

In North Yorkshire, twenty-five kilometers north of York, is this majestic and beautiful Castle Howard (Castle Howard). This is a family estate of the Howard family, English aristocrats.

In the historical part Spanish city Segovia you can see the Alcazar fortress. It rises on a rock at the confluence of two rivers - Eresma and Clamores. At different times the fortress served for various purposes. She was and royal residence, and a prison, and an artillery academy. This castle is considered one of the most beautiful ancient buildings in Spain.

The photo is famous Catherine Palace located in the vicinity of St. Petersburg. Former imperial possessions.

Balmoral is the castle of the English rulers in Scotland.

On the picture. This castle has long been calling card» South Coast. It is located on a steep 40-meter Aurora cliff of Cape Ai-Todor in the Ukrainian village of Gaspra.

This is an abandoned Miranda castle. Nineteenth century building. Located in Belgium.

Podgoretsky Palace, Ukraine. This castle, built between 1635 and 1640, was once richly furnished, but during the First World War soldiers destroyed all the luxury of the interior.

Fortress Feste Coburg, one of the largest fortresses in Germany

Unique medieval castle Hohenwerfen, Austria.

Bodiam Castle, one of the many witnesses to the troubled history of England.

Lock white marble or Inuyama Castle, one of the oldest castles Japan.

Amazing Corvin Castle, a piece of mysterious Transylvania, Romania.

Khotyn fortress, Ukraine

Drachenburg Castle stands on the right bank of the Rhine, on the slope of the Drachenfels mountain, from which it got its unusual name.

Eilean Donan Castle is a famous iconic castle in Scotland, located on an island where three large sea lakes meet each other.

Posted Sat, 27/01/2018 - 12:52 by Cap

The practice of building majestic palaces and castles in Europe is much older than in Rus', where for a long time there were only Kremlins, defensive fortresses, and royal and boyar chambers. But after Peter I turned the vector of Russia's development towards the West, similar structures began to appear in our country. Therefore, it is not surprising that the most beautiful palaces and castles in Russia are grouped around St. Petersburg. Nowadays, museums are usually located in such palaces and castles, and in some places even reconstructions of historical military battles are arranged.

Winter Palace (St. Petersburg)
This ceremonial royal residence was ordered to be built in the middle of the 18th century by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna Romanova. The spectacular building on the Neva embankment became the central part of the capital of the Russian Empire at that time. Its construction was entrusted to the famous Italian architect Rastrelli, who had already built a couple of palaces in the capital by that time. However, the decoration and size of these palaces did not meet the needs of the Empress. She demanded that the new residence had higher ceilings, and the interiors were decorated with lush baroque decor, so there was a lot of gilding, sculptures, stucco, draperies with luxurious fabrics.
The facades of the Winter Palace acquired bluish hues only in Soviet times, and were originally sandy yellow, and later they were given more saturated yellow and even brown tones. The empress insisted that the height of the palace reach an unprecedented height of 22 m for the capital. However, in reality it turned out to be another 1.5 meters higher. In the huge building of the palace, there are over 1000 rooms intended for official ceremonies, private quarters for members of the imperial family, rooms for close associates, for storing collections, as well as many office premises.

SEPTEMBER 27, 2014 - the grand opening of the Tambov Regional State Autonomous Cultural Institution "Historical and Cultural Museum Complex" Aseev's Estate "was held, timed to coincide with the birthday of the Tambov Region.
From the first day of work, the Aseev Estate Museum Complex has become cultural center cities and regions.
Overview and thematic excursions through the museum give visitors the opportunity to find themselves in the atmosphere of a Russian estate of the early 20th century, to see the carefully recreated interiors of the Cabinet of M. V. Aseev, the Reception Room, the Main Dining Room, the White Hall, the Anteroom, the Sofa Room, the Small Living Room, the Men's Room, etc., to find out Interesting Facts from the history of the era about the way of life, moral values, cultural and educational activities of the owner of the estate, Mikhail Vasilyevich Aseev, a famous merchant, manufacturer, successful industrialist, honorary citizen of the city of Tambov, public figure, philanthropist and patriot of his country, who for services to the Fatherland was granted hereditary nobility.

In addition to the permanent exhibition, visitors to the Aseev Estate Museum Complex can see exhibitions organized jointly with famous Russian museums (the Peterhof State Museum-Reserve, the Museum of the Moscow Art Academic Theatre), as well as museum institutions, galleries, public associations and private collectors of the city and areas.

In addition to excursion and exhibition activities, various cultural and educational events, master classes, creative meetings with theater and film actors, educational, patriotic, children's and family events, concert programs, festivals, theatrical events are regularly held in the halls and premises of the Aseev Estate. , balls traditional for the late 19th - early 20th centuries are being recreated, socially significant projects are being implemented aimed at preserving and popularizing the national historical heritage.

The historical and cultural museum complex "The Aseev Estate" today is the cultural and educational center of the Chernozem region, which has already become widely known, one of the main communication platforms of the Tambov region for holding conferences on culture and art, presentations of cultural and educational projects, briefings on existing problems in the field culture and ways to solve them, etc.
The museum continues to develop and improve.

New thematic exhibitions and projects. Within the historical walls of the mansion of M.V. Aseev, it is planned to revive the tradition of charity concerts, chamber music evenings, cultural and educational events.
Where is it, how to get there:
Our address: 392000, Russia, Tambov region,
Tambov, st. Embankment, 22/1.

In the suburban area of St. Petersburg is the famous palace and park ensemble Pavlovsk. It was created on the basis of the Pavlovo estate, which was presented to Emperor Paul I by Catherine the Great. heart state museum-reserve"Pavlovsk" is the Pavlovsk Palace.

It was built according to a unique project famous architect Charles Cameron in the 1780s-1790s. It is worth noting that now appearance The palace is different from the previous one, since the building was remodeled several times in the first half of the nineteenth century. Around the palace there is a large landscape Pavlovsk park. Charles Cameron, Andrei Voronikhin and Vincenzo Brenna worked on its creation.

The history of Pavlovsk began in 1777. It was then that Empress Catherine II donated land near the banks of the Slavyanka River (26 kilometers from St. Petersburg) to her son Paul I and his wife Maria Feodorovna. The young couple at that time had just found their first child. The place, called the village of Pavlovo, was supposed to become a cozy family nest. The first wooden buildings were erected in the park: "Valley of Mary" (Mariental) and "Pavlova Joy" (Paullust).
It is worth noting that it was Pavlovsky Park that became one of the largest in all of Europe. More than six hundred hectares amounted to a total area landscape park. It is distinguished by beauty, harmony. The natural landscape is organically combined with exquisite architectural structures.

Is in Smolensk region wonderful place, which will appeal not only to lovers of primordially Russian landscapes and quiet provinces, but also to fans of Griboedov's work. It is about historical, cultural and nature reserve Khmelit, which was created on September 10, 1990 in the Vyazemsky district on the basis of the museum-estate of Alexander Sergeevich.
The purpose of the creation of the reserve is “preservation of historical and cultural monuments, unique natural landscape And memorable places associated with the name of the great Russian writer A. S. Griboyedov.
The purpose of creating the reserve is obvious, and the official document is formulated as follows: “preservation of historical and cultural monuments, a unique natural landscape and memorable places associated with the name of the great Russian writer A. S. Griboyedov, promotion of his creative heritage.” The structure of the reserve includes memorial monuments: Khmelita, Nikolskoye (Nikolsky Garden), Grigorievskoye, Bogoroditskoye, Gorodok, Kostkino; archaeological monuments: settlements, villages, burial mounds; natural monuments: Semenovskoe and Translivskoe swamps. In a word, there is something to see here.

Khmelita
The center of the reserve is the family nest of the Griboyedovs, the estate of Khmelita. This is the oldest surviving manor estate in the Smolensk region. Incredibly beautiful stone manor house, picturesquely surrounded by trees. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the estate belonged to the poet's uncle, Alexei Griboedov, a wealthy Moscow, and therefore imposing gentleman. A rich library, a noble collection of paintings, a home theater created a magical aura of the estate. Representatives of the aristocratic families of Russia came here for balls from neighboring estates. The young poet spent the summer months at his uncle's estate, and had a wonderful opportunity to observe the rhythm of the life of the chosen society. Later, when Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" was released, representatives best families Russia saw itself in its heroes.
The center of the reserve is the family nest of the Griboyedovs, the estate of Khmelita.
Miraculously, the estate was not damaged either in civil or in Patriotic War. But in 1954, a tragedy occurred: collective farmers lit a fire right in the manor house, a fire broke out, in which the estate almost completely died. So, in its original appearance, the building, built by an unknown architect in the Elizabethan Baroque style, has not survived to this day. But a great devotee and lover of Russian antiquity, architect P. D. Baranovsky and his student V. E. Kulakov, overcoming all the obstacles that the bureaucracy is rich in, managed to restore the estate, in the 90s of the last century the Griboedov Museum was opened here.
Museum exposition
The exposition of the museum is called "A. S. Griboyedov and his time. Presented for review are not only documents testifying to the success of the poet in the military, literary, diplomatic fields and lifetime editions of his books, but also many things that characterize the life of the Russian nobility of that era. Paintings, pieces of furniture, dishes, textiles of the late 18th - first third of the 19th centuries give a complete picture of the everyday traditions of one of the strata of the population. Presented in the museum and an exposition dedicated to the stages of restoration of the estate, the creation of the reserve and plans to expand it. The museum also hosts exhibitions, the subject matter of which contributes to a more complete reflection of the era and creativity of A. S. Griboyedov.
Events and holidays
Thematic holidays are constantly held in Khmelite. So, every year in July, the All-Russian Griboyedov holiday is held, timed to coincide with the patronal feast of the local rural church of the Kazan Icon Mother of God. It has become a tradition to celebrate the poet's birthday in January. Many modern Russian writers, poets, journalists, illustrators take part in this holiday.

Many of them are in a deplorable state.

In addition to the above-mentioned Insterburg, there is the only surviving tower of the Teutonic Castle, the construction of which dates back to the 13th century (the village of Kurortnoye).

Valdu Castle (Nizovye village), founded in 1264, is one of the three surviving castles Kaliningrad region.

The next two are Georgenburg, located near Chernyakhovsk, and Tapiau Castle, which is in Gvardeysk.

All of them were founded by the knights of the Teutonic Order. After the Second World War, Tapiau was turned into a prison, and only in 2013 the prisoners were transferred from there, and the castle was handed over to the city authorities for restoration.

There is also a partially destroyed ancient (the first mention dates back to 1257) Schaaken castle on the territory of the region.

Speaking of the Kaliningrad region, one cannot ignore the 4-star Nesselbek castle hotel, stylized in antiquity. This handsome man is located in the village of Orlovka.

Recreated according to old drawings, it is equipped with everything necessary for the most demanding tourists.

preserved castles
Today, there are 10 popular, well-preserved objects. Here are their names along with their location and distance to Kaliningrad:
Waldau was given over to the college of agriculture. Located in the Lower - 19 km to the regional center.
Nesselbek - located in Kaliningrad, now there is a hotel and a museum of torture
Georgenburg, thanks to the initiative of the local church and residents, it is now being renovated. It is assumed that there will soon be a Museum of Living History. It stands in Mayovka near the city of Chernyakhovsk - about 90 km to Kaliningrad.
Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk) - 89 km. Part of the castle is a local history center. The rest is ruins.
Labiau (Polessk) - 47 km. Very much modified, so little of the original appearance is left. There is now a museum inside.
Neuhausen (Guryevsk) - 10-12 km. Given for the economic needs of the city.
Preussish-Eylau (Bagrationovsk) - 40 km. It was built at the beginning of the 14th century (1325) during the reign of Master Werner von Orselne. The reconstruction has not been completed. Partially operated as a hotel.
Tapiau (Gvardeysk) - 43 km. Now it houses a state prison.
Taplaken (Talpaki) - 57 km. Partially abandoned. Private property with habitable premises.
Schaaken (Nekrasovo) - 32 km. Partially, the castle was given over to museum organizations (local history, medieval inquisition). The rest is not used. There is evidence that when Peter I and Catherine I stayed in this castle.

Georgenburg Castle
Georgenburg Castle is well preserved. It was erected in 1337 by order of Winrich von Cyprod, who at that time was the master of the Teutonic Order. The building is ancient, flaunts on the banks of the river Inster. The building is located about 2 km from Chernyakhovsk (former Insterburg). The name was given in honor of St. George, who was famous and revered among the Crusaders. This castle differed from all other Teutonic fortresses in that it was not intended for defensive purposes.

It is considered today the most preserved of all the castles. It is closed for visits. On this moment several families live there legally. In 2010, he was given to the Russian Orthodox Church (Russian Orthodox Church). Restoration work is carried out periodically annually. Near the castle there is a state stable.

Where is it, how to get there:
BUTINSKY PALACE - Located in Nerchinsk, on the street. Soviet, 73.
Monument of architecture and urban planning of republican significance (since 1995). The palace and estate buildings were commissioned by the Nerchinsk gold miners - the Butin brothers. The estate belonged to the head of the firm of the trading house “Brothers M.D. and N.D. Butins" to Mikhail Dmitrievich Butin.

The beginning of the construction of the palace dates back to 1864. Within 10 years were built water tower, greenhouse, stables, warehouses. Between the palace and the greenhouse, there was originally a small garden-yard with pavilions, a fountain, pavilions and sculptures.
In the northwestern part of the estate there is a garden with pine alleys. The palace housed: an office, a shop, residential and utility rooms, Art Gallery, Butin's home museum, library, office.
The interiors of the palace were particularly luxurious. The doors of the rooms are decorated with overlaid carved elements made of precious wood; the parquet floor is made of Dahurian mahogany; front staircase adorned a huge stained glass window "The Archangel Michael Slaying the Devil", made in 1857 in a Munich workshop. The music hall was decorated with Venetian mirrors.
The multi-storey building of the palace occupied half of the block.

The compositional core of the palace is the southeastern 3-storey part, oriented towards the square and made in the Moorish-Gothic style.
The southeastern facade of the palace is decorated with a balcony on figured brackets and arched window openings. The walls of the building are embroidered with pilasters and decorated with "diamond rustication". Above the crowning cornice there is a decorative jagged parapet and turrets that complete the pilasters.
As a result of fires in 1982 and 1993, the building of the palace and its interiors were significantly damaged. Historical interiors are best preserved in the former library and the eastern part of the palace.
Six mirrors survived, brought from the World Exhibition in Paris in 1878, including the largest one (5.1x5.1 meters in size). The decor of the music hall has survived: the sculptural and decorative group "Muse", wall bas-reliefs with portraits of Glinka, Mozart, Bach, Mendelssohn, a stucco rosette, a bronze gilded chandelier (height 2 meters, diameter of the lower part 2 meters) with leaf-shaped decorations.
In 1997-2001, emergency conservation work was carried out, and restoration began in 2002. By the 350th anniversary of Nerchinsk in 2003, the restoration of the front part and large mirrors of the palace was carried out, the building houses the Nerchinsk Interdistrict Museum of Local Lore.

You can easily plunge into the enchanting atmosphere of the century before last even in our times.

Having turned off the Moscow - Don highway at the Bogoroditsk sign, after a quarter of an hour's drive, the traveler finds himself in the former estate of the counts of Bobrinsky.

In ancient times this marvelous corner was referred to as nothing more than a place "worthy of curiosity." The first owner of this "wonderful estate of Bogoroditsky" was the founder of the family and the son of Grigory Orlov and Empress Catherine II.
Now in the Bogoroditsky Palace you will look in vain for traces of the former luxury of decoration and splendor of interiors. Time mercilessly erases everything and everyone. Nevertheless, not everything is subject to time, and the stamp of elegant taste will remain within these walls for a long time. In the 18th century, the “magnificent house of Count Bobrinsky”, located on a flat hill, and even more so, the “extensive garden” that adjoined the estate, was considered “a miracle of this region”. With this opinion of travelers of the beginning of the last century, historians of our days are in solidarity.
In our time, as in the old days, restored from ruins architectural ensemble and the Bogoroditsky Palace itself continue to delight the eyes of travelers and guests of the estate. Being here, you understand that true values are eternal and invariably good both among the rustle of falling leaves, koi carps, and among the noise of spring foliage, in the season of summer multicolor and in harsh Russian winters.
Come to the Bogoroditsky Palace-Museum and for a few hours you will plunge into the wonderful world of discreet beauty of landscapes and classically austere exquisite palace.

Palace and park
The Bogoroditsky Museum is located on the territory of the estate of the end of the 18th century, which once belonged to the counts of Bobrinsky. The museum objects of the ensemble include a palace with an area of 670 sq. m with its 13 exhibition halls, 49 hectares of park area and the entrance tower.
At the dawn of Russian classicism, on the site of the remains of the Bogoroditskaya fortress, destroyed back in the 1660s, one of the most significant suburban ensembles was erected. The work is being carried out under the guidance of the then novice architect Ivan Yegorovich Starov.

Catherine the Great herself then acted as the customer of the construction, and in the summer of 1773 the first stone was laid in the foundation of the Bogoroditsky Palace. On a hill above the dammed Uperta River, on a high basement floor, a spectacular two-story house was erected, generously decorated with a light belvedere. The western facade of the palace in the center is highlighted by a semicircular ledge that defined the oval halls located inside. The east façade is adorned with a portico of four Tuscan columns that support the second floor balcony.

Unfortunately, in our time it is difficult to form a complete picture of the original interiors of the palace, lost at the beginning of the 19th century. after a devastating fire. We have at our disposal only scattered and meager descriptions of the manager of the estate, A. T. Bolotov, and the only surviving drawing of I. E. Starov. We only know that the “magnificent and high chambers” looked like a white-stone, superbly built “house with large windows and doors”.

The architect also included a multi-tiered entrance tower in the composition of the palace ensemble. It is a bell tower in the style of Peter's baroque, which was erected at the turn of the 60-70s. XVIII century designed by an unknown architect. The tower was the belfry of the manor Kazan church and the front gate to the courtyard.

TRAVEL PALACE OF CATHERINE II - Velikiy Novgorod

Address: Palace street, 3, Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod region, Russia, 173000

Coordinates: 58.520425, 31.284118

Description
Travel Palace - a palace of the end of the 18th century. in the city of Veliky Novgorod, built by decree of Catherine II. One of the travel palaces on the route St. Petersburg - Moscow.

Built in 1771 according to the prototype royal palace in the city of Smolensk.

At the beginning of the XIX century. The palace houses the headquarters of the military corps, which at that time were created in the region on the initiative of the Minister of War, Count Alexei Andreevich Arakcheev.

Later, the palace was reconstructed according to the project of the famous St. Petersburg architect Vasily Petrovich Stasov (works in St. Petersburg: Moscow Triumphal Gates, Narva Triumphal Gates, Trinity Izmailovsky Cathedral, Transfiguration Cathedral, etc.)

During the revolution of 1917, the Council of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies was established in the palace building. Since 1929 - the House of the Red Army.

In 1962, the building became the Palace of Culture named after. Nikolai Grigorievich Vasiliev (participant of the Second World War, Hero of the Soviet Union).

Currently, the building houses the Palace of Culture. Vasiliev, as well as the hotel "Voyage" (in the southern wing of the palace).

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Castles and palaces of Russia.
Imperial Palaces of Russia.

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The words castle and palace are used interchangeably, but there are significant differences between the two architectural structures. Many palaces resemble some castles, hence the confusion.

Alcazar or castle(in Spain) - a fort built in the style of the Middle Ages for the exclusive use of rent. One of the features is a zone of resistance to attacks from third parties, whether it be a moat, high walls or a bridge that surrounds the castle.

What is a castle?

The castle is defensive fortress built in the countryside.

Castles first appeared in history between the 9th and 10th centuries in the Middle East and Europe, representing a symbol of power among the surrounding lands, and it was also a place where the nobles took refuge from threatening attacks. Structurally, castles have features common to most other castles. Cracks in walls are often present in castle architecture. This is not for architectural purposes, but to help the fighters repel the attacks of the enemy troops surrounding the castle.

Castles are built from various materials. A characteristic feature during construction is thick walls made of stone or brick, some early castles were made of logs. In order to maintain control over resources, castles were built where the lord or king could have the most influence over the people.

What does the palace look like?

The palace is luxury building where a noble lord, head of state, pope, royal family, etc. resides, that is, a very rich and full of luxury and comfort house, usually built in urban areas or to a large extent near the city, surrounded by beautiful gardens . An attack resistance region does not need to be present. Examples of palaces: Buckingham, Versailles, Catherine the Great Palace, Pena Palace in Sintra, Portugal.

Palace buildings are visible all over the world and date back to the time of the Greeks and Romans. Designed to be the home of the royal family and dignitaries, the architecture of the palace is designed for a sophisticated and extravagant life, rather than resisting war in any form.

The palace is frozen music. Since each palace is tailored to the tastes of the owner living inside, there are no structural similarities between the palaces, but techniques have been developed that can be incorporated to make the abode attractive.

Many palaces have been converted to other uses such as parliaments or museums. The term "palace" is used to describe luxury buildings, which are not the home of public figures and is applied in such a way as to convey the idea of the building as the "People's Palace".

Origin and history

Castle - from the Latin castellum, diminutive of Castrum- strong. Fortifications, the citadel and the strongest part of the buildings in the medieval city.

The word "palace" comes from the name of one of the seven hills of Rome. Original Palace on Palatine Hill was the seat of imperial power, while capitol on capitol hill the seat of the Senate and religious centers Rome. Later the city grew beyond the seven hills, still the Palatine remained a desirable residential area. Caesar Augustus lived there in a deliberately modest house, separated from his neighbors only by two laurel trees planted on one side of the main entrance as a symbol of triumph. Descendants, especially Nero, with his Golden House, expanded the building and gardens until they covered the entire hilltop. The word Palatium came to mean the residence of the emperor, or rather, "neighborhood on top of a hill."

"Palace", equivalent to "government", recognized in the commentary of the deacon Paul, mentioned in 790 BC. e. in the descriptions of the events of 660. At the beginning of the Middle Ages, Palas remained the seat of government in some German cities. In the Holy Roman Empire, powerful independent electors were housed in palaces (Paläste). This has been used as evidence that power is widespread in the empire, as well as in most centralized monarchies, only the supreme monarch is allowed to call his residence a palace.

What is the difference between a palace and a castle

In France, there is a clear distinction between a castle and a palace. The palace has always been located within the city, as Palais de la Cite in Paris, which was once a royal palace, is now the Supreme Court of France or papal palace in Avignon.

Another difference between a castle and a palace is architecture. Since castles are buildings made of stone, without "bells and whistles" and concern only for the safety of residents. The inhabitants of the palaces are surrounded by harmony, aesthetics and architectural beauty.

The road was used in the construction of palaces natural material- marble for floors and walls, tiles for decoration and even gold as decoration. The true expression of financial wealth - the palace, was built, as a rule, in the region natural beauty or downtown.

In contrast, a castle always has a rough-hewn character and rural characteristics.

Palaces are in operation all over the world and have been since ancient times. Castles were typically built in the Middle East and Europe as early as the 9th century.
Castles are built to withstand enemy attacks. Palaces were meant for leisurely living, not war.
Castle hideouts are designed for fighting in battles and have common features when building walls and protection. The palaces are varied in design and architecturally pleasing to the eye.
The walls of the castle are built of stone and brick for strength. Palaces are decorated with marble and gold.
Today, some palaces and castles are still used as points of interest for tourists.