I. Exotic extreme tourism. Exotic tourism: types and directions

1. The first place in the rating is occupied by jailoo tourism, which got its name from the name of the Kyrgyz yurt, where you can spend several days in the enchanting atmosphere of nomadic life. The meaning of this holiday is in complete immersion and dissolution in the culture and national characteristics of the people that you have chosen as the object of study. For several days you will be taught how to build huts from clay briquettes, thatch roofs, drink buffalo milk and much, much more. Since you will wear national clothes and look like all the natives around you, you are guaranteed a complete penetration into the chosen atmosphere!

2. Assimilation tourism. In this case, your journey looks like this - you rent a house in a far, far away place and start doing your own housekeeping, improving your lifestyle, raising livestock or selling grown fruits and vegetables in the market. In many ways, this is similar to traveling "savage", but the point is to try to merge with some unfamiliar culture, and even the simplest everyday difficulties will be solved in some exotic way.

3. Ecotourism. The bottom line is this: you come to some very remote national park and there you live in a hut built from natural materials. You get electricity with solar panels, you use the wind as an air conditioner, and the collected rainwater as a washbasin. All this is called ecotourism - a trip to places untouched by civilization with minimal harm. natural environment, but maintaining the highest possible level of comfort. Eco-hotels built according to the basic principles of ecotourism can be found in Laos, New Zealand, Costa Rica, Nepal.

4. Festival tourism. Every summer, open-air musical, singing and artistic festivals of the most diverse style and self-expression take place around the world. Just imagine this picture - an incredible number of people share your hobbies and are ready to dance all night long to your favorite music. Such an event remains in the memory for a long time, bringing into our impetuous modern life a grain of that same primitive community of people and interests.

5. New age tourism. This type of exotic tourism is suitable for those who want first of all to relax their souls and put their thoughts in order, to find peace of mind. Most often, new age tourism refers to settling in remote monasteries with accommodation in an ascetic but comfortable home. Meals are usually extremely simple, often vegetarian. The recreation program includes a wide variety of lectures, seminars, yoga, relaxing massages, meditation... After such a vacation, you feel completely enlightened, slept, rested, full of strength to work and live on.

6. Film tourism. A classic example of this kind of entertainment is trips along “legendary routes”. For this purpose, some well-known work is taken, in which the characters travel a lot along various routes of one or several countries. Further, the tourist tries to dress as clearly and fully as possible in accordance with the described time of events. The goal is to repeat the described route as close as possible to the original. On the road, frequent stops and taking pictures in the form of heroes are a prerequisite. This type of recreation is extremely interesting not only for children, but also for adults.

Summing up, I would like to note that everyone can find entertainment for the most demanding taste. The most important thing is to understand what your body and soul are asking for at the moment, and boldly go towards all sorts of exotic adventures.

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Adventure and exotic tourism

The word "exotic" comes from the Greek word "exotikos" - someone else's, foreign. These are objects, phenomena, features of something, bizarre, extraordinary features (of nature, customs, arts, etc.) of remote southern eastern countries, areas that seem bizarre and unusual to people of other places. In the modern interpretation, exotic tourism is associated not only with cognitive emotions and pleasures, but also with amazing, thrilling sensations with a touch of adventurism and extreme travel.

Exotic tourism is currently a popular tourist product.

Adventure tourism refers to non-standard travel to exotic and ecologically clean natural areas (usually far from civilization), associated with active modes of transportation or the use of non-traditional vehicles. Participation in the tour provides for a certain physical preparation, which brings it closer to sports tourism. However, by providing tourists with guides, intermediate camps, and special equipment, the risk is minimized here.

Adventure tourism can be conditionally divided into two types: adventure sports and adventure travel. Adventure sports traditionally include extreme river rafting (rafting), caving and skiing, mountaineering, etc. In recent years, it has been supplemented by new sports programs. Among them are rock climbing, hang gliding, paragliding, windsurfing, canyoning, etc. All of them can be both independent sports and components of an adventure trip.

As for adventure tourism, it includes not only sports activities with a greater or lesser degree of risk, but also various types of travel taking place in difficult geographical or natural conditions. In addition, the possible difficulties of the route may depend on the availability and type of vehicles, the quality of accommodation and food.

Among the most common types of adventure tourism (or outdoor activities) are travel along rivers, on foot in the mountains (trekking), on bicycles, on horseback, on SUVs, etc. However, unlike sports trips on commercial routes, tourists do not carry backpacks , do not cook food, do not put up tents. This is the work of professional guides. The traveler does everything in his power. On the walking route, things are carried by porters. During rafting, tourists can not row, but only admire the surroundings. If the route is cycling, then an escort bus is sure to drive nearby: tired of pedaling, get on the bus.

Naturally, when developing such routes, guides carefully “run in” them, and only after making a conclusion about their readiness in all respects (difficulty, climatic conditions, the presence of interesting objects, ease of access and departure, etc.) are included in the asset of the tour operator. As for the presence of a certain element of risk in this kind of route, of course, it is present, for that it is adventure tourism, but it is minimized by the organization of the tour and the professionalism of the guides. It is this dosed risk that is the highlight of an adventure tour or trip. And the most unforgettable impressions are those very minutes of the struggle for “survival”. That is, there is a combination of comfort, outdoor recreation and some overcoming of difficulties. Professionals believe that such a vacation is quite accessible to any healthy person, even without any special skills.

Areas of exotic and adventure tourism

There is a whole adventure tourism industry in the world - Adventure Travel, which forms certain requirements for their organization and safety, clothing, equipment, food. For example, meals must be complete, i.e., including fresh food, a minimum of canned food, and a client who does not have insurance cannot be allowed to complete the route. In fact, the material support of an adventure tour is a whole independent business. It is not surprising that such tours are not cheap all over the world. Transport, equipment, service cost money.

Exotic and adventure tourist areas include:

Civilized and fairly developed countries North Africa- Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt;

Central and South African states - Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, South Africa, etc.;

East Asian countries (China, Japan);

Caribbean ( Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Barbados, Saint Lucia, etc.);

Australia and Oceania;

South America (Brazil, Venezuela, Paraguay, Galapogos Islands);

Separate groups of islands or separate islands in the ocean (Seyshely, Tahiti, Bali, Bora Bora, Hawaii, etc.);

Some countries of the South and South-East Asia(India, Nepal, Thailand).

As we can see, there are a lot of exotic places on Earth, but the tourist infrastructure is far from being developed everywhere. For example, in the Polynesian Islands, there is only one Papuete International Airport, located in Tahiti, from where tourists travel from island to island on local planes. This way you can visit the famous lagoons of Bora Bora. Then the mysterious atoll of Moorea and Manihi with plantations of black pearls. And then fly where fantasy tells. French Polynesia is a paradise for adventure lovers, Robinsons and so on. During the year, the islands are visited by about half a million tourists, and there are few Russians among them. Too long travel.

The tourist infrastructure in Fiji is well developed. Only Hawaii can compete with them in comfort of rest. However, if you are not fans of the American way of life, it makes no sense to rest in Hawaii, where everything is very often American.

Another thing is the original Seychelles and Mauritius. Now high-class hotels are being actively built here using new architectural technologies and materials. Three years ago, the Lemuria Hotel was built in the Seychelles, and the construction of Baniana II has recently been completed. New hotels fit well into the local paradise, and this is one of the main tasks of the Seychelles government, which pursues a special policy: it deliberately raises vacation prices in order to reduce the flow of tourists and preserve the unique nature of the islands. And here is the result - the Seychelles receives only 100-120 thousand tourists a year.

Mauritius Island is the leader in the number of luxury hotels among other exotic places on the planet. The tourist service system on the island has been debugged up to European level. The service of five-star hotels is famous throughout French Polynesia, and it is not uncommon for service personnel from Mauritius to be invited to work in their hotels by Seychellois. Mauritius is protected from the waves of the Indian Ocean by a coral reef, so the water on the island is always calm, and tourists have a great opportunity to explore the magical underwater world of coral thickets, tropical fish, algae and sea anemones. The beauty of the underwater world is echoed by the fabulous landscapes of the island: transparent lagoons, sandy beaches, and on the horizon, mountain peaks, the slopes of which are buried in forests.

And, finally, two thousand tiny Maldives - a paradise for diving and snorkeling (diving with a mask and snorkel). The corals surrounding the islets create natural pools that you can dive into from the piles of your bungalow. Maldives - perfect place for lovers. You can sail from island to island on a yacht, each has a restaurant and a hotel.

Jamaica today has earned itself the fame of the "Island of Love". An ideal place for those who yearn to indulge in the eternal celebration of life. The island has a system of hotels with the tempting name "Hedonism Tourists". The advertising slogan of the network is no less original: "There is everything that your mother will not like here."

Not far from Jamaica is the island of Freedom, well known to everyone since Soviet times, with a full range of exotic delights. Now Cuba is actively building new hotels, and in existing ones they are trying to bring service to the American level.

Each of the islands of the Caribbean archipelago offers tourists its own program. For example, Martinique is known for jazz festivals. Go to Barbados to go windsurfing. Sailing regattas are popular in Cuba. Saint Maarten is famous for its casinos. And in Dominica you can make horse rides, arrange jeep races. The Antilles, namely, all of the above, attract Russian tourists with their relative cheapness and a relatively short flight.

Another type of popular exotic holiday - African safari. In South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, tourists who decide to go hunting are offered three types of accommodation. Firstly, a small stationary hotel (sometimes with a swimming pool). Secondly, a tent loggia located in the forest, with a foundation of several steps. A simple security measure against intruders from the jungle. Steps will not save you from predators, so local residents drive them away with special rattles. Thirdly, dwelling "in the trees" - a house on high piles.

Programs of independent travelers to Australia, tours to New Zealand, to the Big Islands barrier reef and Oceania are offered by many travel companies. These programs include detailed acquaintance with the cities of Australia and New Zealand, jeep safaris, hunting for kangaroos or crocodiles (trophies can be taken with you), scuba diving in the world of giant fish and fishing on the Great Barrier Reef. As well as other activities extreme views sports.

Australia has several national parks with unique animals that can only be found on this continent. Thousands of kilometers of the Gold Coast and tropical islands are an expanse for fishing, hunting and yachting.

An unforgettable impression on tourists is made by the Great Barrier Reef - a unique creation of nature, a forest of corals, a place of pilgrimage for diving fans. Here, in addition to the usual scuba diving, tourists are offered to ride on a giant sea turtle and catch the world's largest tuna.

But perhaps the most interesting thing that awaits tourists on the fifth continent is the acquaintance with the Australian aborigines. In the nineteenth century they were considered the most primitive people on the planet, the living embodiment of the ancestors of modern man. In fact, the Australian Aborigines have a unique multi-faceted culture, which is completely different from the culture of a European person, and therefore difficult for us to understand. For example, the painting of Australian aborigines seems to Europeans to be an absurd avant-garde, and for the author-artist, typical realism.

New Zealand is located on two islands: the northern one, due to its temperate tropical climate (by the way, there are no mosquitoes here), is considered the best place to live in the world. The wonderful climate is combined with magnificent natural landscapes: mountains, flat meadows and a boundless ocean. The other, southern one, although located nearby, is unlike either its neighbor or any other island on the planet. Active volcanoes and geysers are located here, the coastline consists of fjords, rocky and sandy beaches. It seems that the Creator, when creating New Zealand, took two pieces of land from different parts of the world and placed them in the ocean under the constellation of the Southern Cross. The islands are often called New Zealand Switzerland to emphasize the purity of the local ecology. In fact, New Zealand is unique and difficult to compare with any other country.

The population of the islands is so passionate about extreme sports that in the capital of the state, Wellington, you can see climbers storming skyscrapers and then parachuting from them. Rafting and mountain climbing are best done not in cities, but in nature, in the mountainous part of New Zealand.

Now let's briefly dwell on some of the most popular types of exotic and adventure tourism.

Let's start with diving.

Diving- scuba diving as a type of recreation has been known in the world for more than 30 years. It became widely fashionable only 3-4 years ago thanks to the development of diving centers in our country. Today, the number of those who are fond of scuba diving is growing exponentially - after all, for those who discovered the underwater world, diving becomes a lifestyle with a kind of dope. This stimulates a constant demand for diving services and makes this business one of the most highly profitable in the tourism market.

Scuba diving is divided into sports and amateur. The first is engaged, as a rule, in special clubs. It includes spearfishing, free-diving - deep sea diving on breath-holding and tec-diving - deep-sea diving with breathing on special gas mixtures.

Other types of diving - amateur type - are practiced in diving tourism. These are scuba-diving - diving to a depth of 42 m, wreck-diving - diving on sunken objects, search and recovery - search and recovery of sunken objects, drift-diving - diving with an underwater current, night - night, cave - cave, ice - subglacial. Snorkeling is popular at the resorts - swimming with a mask, snorkel and flippers in the surface water layers.

In diving tourism, there are daily-diving - daily diving from the shore or from a ship near the nearest reefs, or other underwater objects, as well as dive safaris - one- or multi-day trips in an interesting water area with accommodation on ships, yachts, catamarans, floating hotels with dives from a boat or from a boat (dive cruises). In tourism, diving is often combined with an excursion program. The more exotic the country, the more excursions included in the tour package.

In the ranking of destinations in diving tourism, the leading place belongs to the Red Sea (Egyptian coast), the Mediterranean coast (Malta, Cyprus, Turkey, Greece, Spain), the Maldives. In descending order, the next group includes the coasts of Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia), Australia and papua new guinea. And the islands of the Caribbean, the Galapagos Islands, and South Africa close this rating.

Among the popular diving sites in the Red Sea are Egypt (Sharm el-Sheikh, Dahab, Hurghada), Sudan; in the Mediterranean - Malta and Cyprus; in the Indian Ocean - Madagascar, Seychelles and Maldives; in Southeast Asia - Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand with the islands of the Andaman Sea; in the Pacific Ocean - the islands of Polynesia and Micronesia, the Galapagos Islands, the islands of Coiba (Panama), Cocos (Cocos) (Costa Rica), the islands of the Caribbean.

Egypt is one of the most low-cost countries for diving. In companies organizing dive tours with a wide geography, this direction makes up 50% of sales. Half of the tourists traveling to Egypt have been scuba diving or snorkeling, since even on the surface of the sea there are more than 50 species of fish. Beginners can dive here, so family and children diving is active. Almost all hotels in Egypt, except for some 2 * categories on the second line by the sea, have dive clubs. Since this service is often purchased "on the spot", travel companies are expanding the range of quality hotels.

The Maldives and the region of Southeast Asia are very popular - Thailand (Phuket Island with an oxygen-enriched current that attracts a fantastic number of fish), Malaysia (Sipadan, Mabul, Kapalai Islands), Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan Islands , Bali, Komodo, Java with unique flora and fauna).

A week-long tour with daily dives in Malaysia costs about $2,200, a safari in Indonesia costs $1,300 without an air ticket. Due to the high cost of air travel (up to 70% of the price of a dive tour), more remote countries - Australia, the Caribbean islands are less in demand. However, it is exotic destinations that provide a guaranteed percentage of tourists all year round.

Recently, the interests of qualified divers are increasingly shifting to the exotic: Micronesia, Malaysia, Costa Rica, French Polynesia, South Africa, the Galapagos Islands, the Caribbean, including Cuba.

Foreign firms organize diving in Tahiti and all the islands of French Polynesia. 4-5 * hotels are offered, but it is possible to reserve rooms in dive clubs. In the 2004 season, the list of hotels was replenished. In particular, due to the recently opened Rearl Resort 4 * on Moorea and Bora Bora Nui Resort 5 * on the island of Bora Bora (suites - from 488 euros, bungalows on the water - 1841 euros for 2 people).

The average price of a tour package for 7-10 days with daily diving in Mauritius is $2500, a safari in the Galapagos Islands is $3600. Expedition with a visit to the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) will cost $1400 (without air ticket).

The underwater world of the Mediterranean Sea is less rich. The exceptions are Malta, the island of Gozo (caves and grottoes), Cyprus (wrecks) and the Cote d'Azur (underwater caves). The good demand for these areas is determined by the rather moderate cost of diving holidays.

The most attractive for its prices is the Near Abroad. So, a 5-day tour package to the Crimea with two dives per day costs $170, a 7-day safari costs $400, including accommodation, meals, unlimited diving. Despite the low prices, greater water transparency than in Egypt, the presence of sunken ships near Balaklava, the tourist flow to the Crimea is still small.

Rafts. They are currently constructed from inflatable rubberized containers and then inflated. Traveling on a raft is possible both along a quiet, calm water surface, and along a stormy mountain river with rapids, plums, waterfalls and small waterfalls.

Industry produces life rafts (catamarans) for mass tourism, rafting, hunting, fishing and other purposes. In adventure tourism, we are most interested in rafting (American rafts) on rough mountain rivers (rafting). The raft accommodates 6-12 people. There are even world championships in rafting. Tour operators offer programs for thrill-seekers along rapid rapid rivers in China, Nepal, on the river. Zambezi (Africa), in Finland and Norway. A well-tested rafting program operates on the river. Colorado in the Grand Canyon National Park. Huge rafts for 40–50 people have been built here for rafting.

Balloons. This type of travel, as Birzhakov M.B. and Nikiforov V.I. in the monograph "Tourism Industry: Transportation (2003)", began to emerge as a mass species from the end of the 60s of the last century. New materials and designs of devices for generating air were created. The balls became colorful and multi-colored. Firms have been created that organize balloon flights in Europe, America, Australia and the African continent. Dozens of festivals are held around the world with the participation of thousands of balls. Similar holidays are organized in the city of New Mexico (rising up to 90 balls at the same time), in Namibia, when visiting the Victoria Falls.

Surfing. This exotic look active recreation in 1920 was founded in Hawaii by a local swimmer, Duque Kahanamoku. He devoted his whole life to popularizing this sport and entertainment. Surfing is riding on a board on the waves of the ocean surf. Currently, it is developed where there is ocean surf with a long wave - in Australia, Peru, South Africa, the Hawaiian Islands, etc. Riding the waves is far from an easy task and requires certain skills. This beautiful sport attracts many thousands of spectators to the competitions. There is the International Surfing Federation.

Jeeping- one of the popular types of adventure tourism, off-road driving in jeeps. Jeep is a conventional and generalized name for off-road cars. The well-known company Jeep produces off-road vehicles of the same name. These are special vehicles with all-wheel drive with axle blocking, a strong body, wide tires, and high engine power. These cars host the famous Camel Trophy. The American company Adventure Tour specializes in organizing very complex Grand Safari tours lasting from 3 to 5 months on transcontinental routes through several exotic countries (South America, Africa and Asia). So, in South America, autotourists visit the world's highest Angel Falls (Venezuela). Jeeping Grand Tour is organized from Great Britain to South Africa through France, Spain, Morocco, African countries.

Safari. Its traditions for Western tourists date back to the 2nd half of the 19th century, when African states were still colonies. The most preferred areas for organizing a safari on present stage are South Africa, Kenya and Tanzania. This is a type of exotic and adventure tourism for rich people and is of an elitist nature. A safari is not a very easy activity, tiring and requires good physical and psychological fitness, the availability of special equipment (including weapons). The attractiveness of South Africa for safari is based on the unique flora and fauna of this region (22 thousand plants, most of the animals that live here are in NPs and private reserves). South Africa ranks 1st in the world in the number of African elephants, 2nd in the number of hippos. Here are the tallest giraffes in the world and the fastest animals in the world - cheetahs, the largest flightless bird in the world - the ostrich and the flying bird kori bastard from the eagle family. For tourists who do not have time to visit wild places nature, firms have been created where you can see the same exotic animals up close. In Kenya and Tanzania, tourists are offered to live for some time away from civilization in field camps located in the savannah. Here you can watch zebras, elephants, predators directly from their temporary dwellings. There is also an opportunity to get acquainted with the colorful life of the local population. Wooden masks and jewelry, wicker baskets and earthenware, necklaces and shields - all this complements the African safari.

The objects of exotic tourism include 7 Wonders of the World - unique architectural structures and giant sculptures created by ancient people. Some of them survived, while others were destroyed by time or warriors. Both of them are of great interest to tourists. The Wonders of the World include:

1. Pyramids of Giza (Egypt), the most ancient (2500 BC) of all the Wonders of the World, preserved to this day. The largest pyramid of Cheops is still one of the unique works of the human mind in terms of monumentality and size. They are accessible for inspection and are an important object of tourist display for almost all tourists arriving in Egypt. The largest and most famous pyramids are located near the Egyptian capital Cairo in the town of Giza. There is also a giant statue of a mythical creature - the Sphinx, the largest in the world of all the sphinx statues in the world, which, along with the pyramids of Cheops, has become a symbol of Egypt. Note that this deity was borrowed from the Egyptians by the Greeks, and in ancient greece statues depicting a lion with a human head are also known.

2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon. They were built in Babylon and are a unique work that combines elegant architectural forms and landscape gardening structures. The gardens were built in 800–600 AD. BC e. Nebuchadrezzar II for Queen Sammu-ramat within the walls royal palace in Babylon, in the capital of Babylonia (a city that was located in ancient times in southern Iraq). beautiful gardens were arranged on balconies, on the roofs of terraces and buildings. The plants were irrigated with water supplied by pumps from the Euphrates River. The Hanging Gardens were described in great detail by the classics, there are various drawings, but the gardens themselves have not been preserved and no fragments of them have been found.

3. Statue of Zeus on Olympus (Greece), a majestic statue of the ruler of the gods, sitting on a throne. The statue was created in 430 BC. e., is one of two masterpieces of the Greek sculptor Phidias, the other masterpiece of sculpture is the statue of Athena in the Parthenon. The giant statue was located inside the huge temple of Zeus in Greece. The dimensions of the statue were impressive - 12 m high, part covered with gilded metal, trimmed with ivory and precious stones. The temple was destroyed in 426 AD. e. The statue did not survive and there are also no copies of it.

4. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (Greece), place of worship of impressive size and decorated with numerous statues and other works of ancient art. It was built by order of King Croesus of Lydia around 550 BC. e. The building had a base of 100x55 m and was decorated with sculptures and frescoes. The unique giant temple was burned by Herostratus in 356 BC. e., was later restored, then finally destroyed by the Goths in 262 AD. e. and never recovered again. Several columns remained from the temple, a significant part of the fragments and sculptures found in the excavations are in museums around the world, in particular in the British Museum.

5. The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, the tomb of Anatolian Mausolus, was built by order of his sister and widow Artemisia. The mausoleum was built approximately between 353 and 351. BC e. architect Pythius and decorated with sculptures of four famous Greek sculptors: Scopas, Bryaxis, Leochares and Timoyheus. Descriptions of the mausoleum made by Pliny the Younger are known. The mausoleum was a square structure with a side of 125 m, framed by 36 columns. A marble chariot with four horses was installed on the roof. Fragments of sculptures of the mausoleum, including unique frescoes of Greek wrestlers, Amazons, are stored in the British Museum. The reason for the destruction of the mausoleum has not been established, but it is assumed that it was destroyed by earthquakes during the period of the 10th-15th centuries. n. e. Destroyed elements of the building and stones were used in the construction of local structures and buildings.

6. Colossus of Rhodes. A huge statue of the sun god Helios was built in the harbor of the city of Rhodes (Greece) in 292-280. BC e. of bronze and was fortified with iron and stone. The height of the statue is 30 m, it took 12 years to build. According to the drawings, the statue was installed above the entrance to the harbor and did not last long - it was destroyed by earthquakes in 225 BC. e. Parts of it were in place until 653 AD. e., until during the sack of the city they were finally destroyed and taken out on 900 camels as metal.

7. faros lighthouse in Alexandria (Egypt), the most famous lighthouse of the ancient world, built by Ptolemy II around 280 BC. e. on the island of Pharos. The height of the lighthouse was 160 m. The lighthouse of Alexandria was a unique technical structure for its time. The base of the structure is square, the next parts are octagonal floor by floor, the top of the lighthouse is a high round tower, a circular staircase led up to the lamp. The lighthouse was destroyed by fire, and then destroyed to the ground by earthquakes, only its descriptions, drawings and drawings have come down to us. There is evidence that the lighthouse will be recreated in its original form, it will have to be built anew, the structure will be strengthened - an earthquake-resistant frame will be used and turned into a new tourist attraction, which will significantly improve the attractiveness of the region.

Space tours

In one of the issues of the newspaper TTG (March 2003) there was an article by O. Gerasimenko and I. Koblov "Tours into space - reality or fiction?"

In it, the authors talk about the state and prospects for the development of space tourism in the world. In 2002 in Washington, at a conference on world travel, NASA representatives announced that the era of mass space tourism was approaching, and this would happen in 2004, and in 15 years the first real hotel on the moon would appear. There are already travel agencies in Japan and the US offering space tours. Thus, the Japanese company KNT, one of the largest tour operators in Japan, said that space tourism will become the main driving force behind the tourism business of the 21st century. For starters, the KNT took up more accessible starflight in lower orbits. They will cost about 98 thousand dollars. USA. Staff training has begun. So, soon in the documents of a graduate of the Rochester Technological University from the USA, the field of specialty will be written "Space tourism".

Potential travelers are most attracted by the opportunity to live in space hotels.

First, there will be small accommodation facilities for 10-20 guests, then they will build hotels from 100 beds to hotels with 1000 beds with gyms, casinos, swimming pools and other entertainment. Engineers from the construction firm Shimizu have designed a home in the form of a spinning wheel, which will be located 450 km from Earth. Buildings, restaurants, concert halls and utility rooms are supposed to be placed around its axis. Another Korean corporation claims that in 2017 it will equip an orbital hotel, whose guests will eat food grown right there, have fun in zero gravity and go into outer space.

Mankind will have to master both the Moon and Mars.

The project is supposed to be orbital cycling hotels that will fly between Earth and Mars. The project is based on an inexhaustible source of energy - the gravitational forces of two planets. The distance of 285 million km will be covered in 6-9 months.

Control questions:

1. What is the difference between exotic and adventure tourism?

2. Name the areas of development of exotic and adventure tourism.

3. What place in the world is a paradise for diving enthusiasts?

4. Why do tourists call Jamaica the "Island of Love"?

5. A distinctive feature of exotic and adventure tours in Austria.

6. What is considered the best place on Earth to live and travel?

7. Describe the types of diving.

8. Which areas are the most popular for diving tourism?

9. Describe rafting as one of the most popular types of adventure tourism today.

10. Briefly talk about surfing.

11. Where did the name "jeep" come from?

12. Name 7 Wonders of the World.

13. Space tourism as one of the most promising types of exotic tourism in the 21st century.

10 types of exotic tourism

1 Jailoo tourism

In the 2000s, a real tourism revolution took place in the world. The most lost corners of our planet, previously accessible only to BBC operators and professional travelers, have suddenly become popular with the general public. That is, it comes to the point that a serious expedition is going to shoot some Brazilian aborigines, arrives, hung with equipment, at the place - and sees an idyllic picture there: whites in aboriginal clothes are learning to grind maize with stones. Literally five years ago, many agencies arose around the world organizing excursions “to the savages”.
In Russia, this phenomenon is called jailoo tourism - after the name of the Kyrgyz yurt, where everyone is invited to spend a few days surrounded by authentic atmosphere nomadic life. You can also go to some Indian outback or to an African tribe.
For several days (few people make it to a week), they will teach you how to make fuel briquettes from cow dung, put you to sleep on clay floors, drink buffalo milk and pretend that you are such a distant relative who came to a toothless African grandmother. It costs somewhere between 300-1000 euros per person (the amount depends on the number of people in the group). Impressions and photos - just like the BBC.

* A comment
“You won’t see it, and the agency will never tell you about it, but most of the grandmothers shortly after you leave with the same toothless smile of relief take off their beaded beads and palm leaf skirts, put on Chinese sweatpants and return from the dung tourist houses back to their plastic-covered huts. You see, the essence of the revolution lies in the fact that, thanks to the many times increased flow of fans of the “wild tribes”, even their most remote representatives have already replaced thatched roofs with plastic.”

2 Assimilation tourism

Here you will need a non-standard vacation, at least for a month. And better - more. If you can afford it, then welcome to the ranks of assimilation tourists! It's like a rehearsal for a happy old age or a downshift that you still can't decide on. You go to some distant, inexpensive and beautiful place, rent a house there and indulge in leisurely housekeeping. You get to know your neighbors, learn to drive monkeys out of the garden, and in the mornings on the beach you buy fish for a stray cat. In areas close to the resort area, where the faces of tourists change every day, it is enough to stay in one place for a month - and they already get used to you. At that moment, when on the way to the supermarket you realize that you know the whole district by name, you can consider that the rest was a success. In many ways, this is similar to the good old "savage" trips to resorts. Krasnodar Territory, but the point is to try to assimilate with some unfamiliar culture, where even everyday problems (for example, the need to urgently pick up ripe coconuts from the palm tree under which your hammock hangs) will delight you with their exoticism *. It is preferable, of course, that both you and the locals know at least one common language.

* Note:
“Believe me: the joy of the exotic local problems quickly passes. Hemorrhoids, he and in Africa hemorrhoids. Apparently, this is where the line between downshifting and assimilation tourism lies.”

3 Ecotourism

This type of tourism is relatively dull by definition, but romantic young ladies really like it. The bottom line is this: you go to some extremely remote national park, where for impressive money they offer you accommodation in a hut made of natural materials, where electricity is generated using solar panels, a colonial fan hangs over the bed instead of air conditioning, and on the way from dinner to a lion unexpectedly comes out of the bushes, which, in fact, is the only entertainment for the whole evening. All this is called ecotourism - a trip to places untouched by civilization with a conscious infliction of minimal harm to nature *, but, however, while maintaining maximum comfort. For example, according to the principles of ecotourism, lodges were built in the famous Masai Mara park in Kenya. Eco-hotels can also be found in Laos, New Zealand, Costa Rica, Nepal. Their main clientele are American pensioners and European newlyweds.

* Note:
“Well, yes, minimal harm ... It is enough to calculate how much fuel ecotourists will use to get to “ remote places and understand that all this is nothing more than another “green” performance. Like a sign telling you to use your towel several times in your room, ostensibly to conserve water resources (but in fact to reduce hotel costs). In the US, this is called "greening" - the use of environmental propaganda for profit. A practice that, however, goes far beyond tourism.”

4 Agritourism

We don’t know if you caught this exquisite socialist entertainment (we mean potato trips), but there was something from the original idea of \u200b\u200bequality and fraternity in it. At least, everyone equally reveled in village vodka to a worker-peasant state. So, this very nostalgia for the land and simple peasant labor, which was assumed (however, most often completely absent) in Soviet youth, to more mature age often manifested in quite capitalistically educated people. Demand creates supply. This is how agritourism was invented, which allows you to immerse yourself in village life without changing your place of residence. The point is that on your vacation you go to some exemplary farm (there are plenty of them in the south of Europe, in America, in Australia and even in Russia), and there they teach you how to make cheese, press wine, grow organic vegetables, get up at five in the morning, mow to exhaustion *, and so on. Sometimes, in exchange for a job, they give you a room and food for free. Sometimes you pay for everything, including an educational course in organic farming. In any case, fresh air, local color and consciousness with the benefit of the time spent are free.

* Note:
“No, well, you can, by the way, not mow, but just live on a farm, taste an organic lunch every day and walk, say, around the neighborhood. This will also be called agritourism, since your money will still remain in the agricultural sector of the region.”

5 Festival tourism

A fairly replicated type of recreation in Russia, which, however, I decided to mention, since it can easily be extrapolated outside the country, and it will be more interesting than just a youth drunken gathering in the fresh air *. We mean festival tourism. Every summer, open-air music and art festivals take place all over the world, and if you go to Europe, you can easily ride from one to another for a whole vacation, say, in a rented trailer. You can start, for example, with the legendary British Glastonbury, which is attended not only by musicians*, but also by dancers, actors, circus performers and, in general, people of all possible creative professions. 150 thousand people form a huge tent city, where to find your tent is an exciting half-day adventurous adventure. However, lovers of comfort can stay in some family hotel nearby. The main thing is the feeling that several tens of thousands of people are dancing with you for three days under the same sun (or even under the same rain) to your favorite music. There is something primitive in this. Well, after visiting the festival, the most important thing is to stop by for an after-party to meet new friends or just sleep off in neighboring small towns, lazily looking at the sights.

* Note:
"1. In essence, it will still be a drunken youth gathering. Although not always young people will be really young, and intoxication - alcohol.
2. Musicians! Yes, almost all the legends of rock music have been played there since the 70s! By the way, you're already late for Glastonbury. It takes place at the end of June.

6 New age tourism

For people who are concerned about the state of their own liver or soul (especially those who have not yet fully figured out what really worries them), we can recommend the so-called New Age tourism. It looks like this. You go somewhere to an Indian ashram*, or a Thai monastery, or even just to a seminar in Brazil, where you are settled in an ascetic but relatively comfortable accommodation, fed with dietary vegetarian food and allowed to lecture to some old man, under whose auspices it's all organised. Yoga and other exercises are also implied. At the end of the seminar (or, as a rule, after all, several "steps" that can be stretched for more than one year), you are given a certificate of enlightenment. From the outside it looks like a sect, but believe me, soon you will find around a lot of cynical and quite sane people, just like you, enjoying a healthy diet and sleep, pleasant physical activity and the company of enthusiastic young ladies, softened by spiritual practices* and ready to merge with their brothers the seminar is not only spiritual.

* Note:
"1. By the way, new age tourism was born in these same ashrams, or centers for spiritual practice, in India, where in the late 60s, European travelers began to flock to the suggestion of Lennon and other “flower children”. Ashrams have nothing to do with the official Indian religion, they are organized by some charismatic leader and exist on very generous donations from visitors. Interestingly, in the richest ashram of the recently deceased Sai Baba, more than half of the flock were Russians.
2. Many practices (which, by the way, the gurus invent themselves, and the more wonderful, the better) seem to be specially created for all kinds of unity. And that's not even talking about tantra yoga, where sex is the main way of meditation.

7 Industrial tourism

Those who did not go on an expedition to abandoned construction sites and dilapidated industrial facilities during the school rebellious years did not have a childhood! Magnesium bombs, little men made of colored wires, a headquarters in a flooded basement... So, all these wonderful impressions can be resurrected in adulthood, armed with a camera to avert eyes and engaging in industrial tourism. This is the name of the inspection of all abandoned objects (factories, houses, even entire cities), where you can be taken as part of a special excursion. Also in this category falls "digging", that is, traveling through all kinds of dungeons, and "roofing" - respectively, inspection of roofs. Industrial tourism is flourishing not only here. However, it is in the post-Soviet space that the most famous industrial facility is located - the stopped Chernobyl nuclear power plant and the abandoned city of atomic scientists Pripyat. At the moment, it can easily be visited on a commercial basis. They will give you a guide with a dosimeter, show you “mysterious graffiti”*, let you take pictures of picturesquely scattered toys in an abandoned kindergarten* and tree-lined rides in a city park. And they will also say that you can’t walk on the grass, because it is there that radiation accumulates, and you will look askance at the lawns with horror *. In the end, at the checkpoint, you will be solemnly escorted through the dosimetric control frame, and you, along with your excursion comrades, will breathe a sigh of relief: “Clean!” But you still go to drink red wine for prevention.

* Note:
"1. Art project of 2006.
2. The exposition is updated by local guides.
3. Although at the moment the radiation background in Pripyat almost everywhere corresponds to the norm.

8 Film tourism

They say that so many ideas have already been formulated in the modern world that it is absolutely impossible to come up with something new. It remains only to repeat and combine the old. Basically, this concept is used to justify any nonsense in contemporary art (it's called postmodernism, we wrote about it), but it can also be applied to travel. A classic example is trips along “legendary routes”. You take some good old road literary work, for example, Che Guevara's The Motorcycle Diaries, or your favorite road movie, or at least Knockin' on Heaven's Door, and then you equip yourself as authentically as possible and try to repeat the legendary route. For overclocking, we can recommend Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (Chevrolet - a convertible and yellow glasses are included in the mandatory equipment) and Cote d'Azur by Kuprin (a bag and a wedge beard will do). On the way, be sure to cope with the original and take staged photos “in character”.

*A comment:
“To make it easier for you, there are many agencies and local guides who are happy to show you exactly the place where the events described in the book or film took place. They arrange a limousine, rent a hotel and drive wild animals if you decide to follow in the footsteps of some Gerald Durrell. There is also an option to simply look at the most beautiful views from the Discovery and National Geographic films.

9 Backpacker tourism

In fact, there are even certain age limits for this type of tourism in Europe, Australia and the USA: this is the so-called gap year - a “falling year” between graduation from university and the start of a career. In principle, this has its own rational grain, since to travel as a backpacker you will need a fair amount of health, a relative disregard for comfort, as well as a certain amount of free time. But you don’t need a stable income at all, because the point is to travel to as many places as possible for the least possible cost, stuffing all your belongings into a mobile backpack *. The Backpacker's Bible is a Lonely Planet guide that former Chrysler engineer Tony Wheeler began publishing in 1973 when he and his wife traveled from Turkey to India by road. Since then, the Lonely Planet has swept the world, but the so-called Banana Pancake Route, which runs through all of Southeast Asia, remains iconic. Along the way, five dollar a day hotels await you, a banana pancake* and freshly squeezed juice on every corner for a dollar, as well as a cheerful company of freaks with backpacks from all over the world, with whom you can always discuss whether it is cheaper to get to the next one by bus or train. waypoint.

* Note:
"1. Well, by the way, among backpackers there are also respectable people with a normal career who just wanted to shake things up or “in the flow” to ride through the places of glorious youth.
2. For some reason, the locals consider a pancake with a banana to be the most digestible food for whites. Perhaps because in a series of fried cockroaches, rotten eggs and fire-breathing gravy, this is true. At the very least, it's the most common and surest dessert on the backpacker trail."

10 Suicidal tourism

I specifically saved this type of tourism for last. You will have only one chance in your life to make such a journey, and, to be honest, I absolutely do not want this for you. The fact is that we will talk about suicide tourism. Its capital is Switzerland - the only place on Earth where euthanasia for foreigners is officially allowed. Surprisingly, the locals don't mind at all. In general, they do not like to interfere in other people's problems there, in Switzerland. So, the classic suicide tour includes: arrival in the canton of Zurich, where the Dignitas euthanasia group is located, a walk through the clean and boring streets (if you are still able to walk), a farewell look at the lake*, a control examination by a doctor, signing documents, in which you officially renounce life, and a glass of juice with a lethal dose of Nembutal*. A simple death costs 4,000 euros, and an official funeral is also organized for 7,000 euros. In 2008, 700 clients of Dignitas were known (the information was disclosed by an employee who quit with a scandal). Probably, today their number has increased many times over. In general, next time you are in Zurich, keep in mind that some sad old man on the street is quite likely going to the columbarium. Everyone, of course, will be there, but we would still prefer not to rush things.

* Note:
"1. By the way, 60 urns with ashes belonging to Dignitas were fished out of Lake Zurich in 2010. production costs, so to speak.
2. Sleeping pills, in large doses causes drug intoxication. 15 grams lead to respiratory arrest during sleep. That is, they promise a pleasant death.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

College of the University "Turan"

COURSE WORK

Discipline: Organization of tourism

Theme: Exotic tourism

Made by Klonova Ksenia

Checked by: Kasyanova S.V.

Almaty 2013

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. EXOTIC TOURISM IN MODERN CONDITIONS

1 Definition and history of exotic tourism

2 Types of exotic travel

CHAPTER II. Geography of tourism

2.1 Geography of exotic tourism

2 Pros and cons of holidays in exotic countries

3 Jailoo tourism: a journey into the distant past

CHAPTER III. EXOTIC TOURISM IN KAZAKHSTAN

1 Hunting with a golden eagle

2 Aeronautics in Kazakhstan

3 Development of space tourism in Kazakhstan

INTRODUCTION

century - this is the century when a person began, as never before, to pay more attention to himself and his rest. For many people, a career is now in the first place, and a career involves devoting a lot of time to work. There is almost no time for rest for a careerist, let's say, a weekly (weekend). Just to relax with family or with friends somewhere to sit. This is first. Secondly, in any case, rest is needed to maintain the body. Thirdly, a person works hard, which means he earns money. If all this is added up, it turns out that many people work without rest throughout the year, then naturally go on vacation. Where will they spend the money they earn during the holidays? Of course, on a tourist trip in order to fully restore your strength, change the boring environment and only then return to work happy, with new impressions and emotions.

There are many interesting and unusual things on our planet that tourists who go on an exotic tour will want to see. There are plenty to choose from. It all depends on the tastes and desires of the client. Exotic countries are associated with palm trees, monkeys, camels and elephants, warm climate, gentle blue sea, wonderful oriental bazaars, an abundance of fruits and flowers. Exoticism cannot be permanent for a traveler and is characteristic of a short visit to an exotic area, since permanent residence or a long stay in it already creates a habit and the exotic loses its mysterious, unexplored charm.

Visiting exotic places, volcanoes, islands, waterfalls, etc. Usually this is a non-standard tour to exotic and ecologically clean natural reservations, associated with unusual travel, non-traditional vehicles. In some cases, such a tour is associated with risk and serious physical exertion, requiring courage and skills. Why do people want to visit exotic countries if they keep so many dangers in themselves? Exotic vacation is attractive because it is dangerous in some ways, non-standard in some ways, and most importantly, it has not yet been touched by tourist developments. Thus, a person receives unlimited freedom of movement and action. Of course, the minimum conditions and amenities. But that's exactly what a lot of people need.

This work will show which exotic tours are currently popular, what attracts people to these areas, what to watch out for during such tours, what is the history of the development of this type of tourism.

CHAPTER I. EXOTIC TOURISM IN MODERN CONDITIONS

1 Definition and history of exotic tourism

At the present stage of the dynamic development of tourism, high-paying consumer demand is quite clearly and clearly manifested.<#"justify">exotic tourism travel ballooning

ADVENTURE TRAVEL. Visiting exotic places, volcanoes, islands, waterfalls, etc. Usually this is a non-standard tour to exotic and ecologically clean natural reservations, associated with unusual travel, non-traditional vehicles. In some cases, such a tour is associated with risk and serious physical exertion, requiring courage and skills, for example, rafting on the rough Colorado River in inflatable boats, traveling on Kola Peninsula dog sledding in winter, climbing Kilimanjaro or Elbrus.

SAFARI IN THE NATURE, HUNTING, FISHING, PHOTO HUNTING, MOTOR SLED TRIPS IN WINTER OR JEEPS IN HARD TO ACCESS AREAS.

In the west, for amateurs, a mysterious adventure tour is offered, the participants of which are not familiar with its program in advance - and everything invented by the organizers is unexpected for tourists and, as the organizers believe, a pleasant surprise.

TOUR TO SITES OF EARTHQUAKES, FLOODS, VOLCANO ERASURES, MAN-MADE DISASTERS TO WRECKS. For example, an overview Chernobyl nuclear power plant from a helicopter. AND extreme situations, for example, contemplation of the execution, public executions, etc. Insurance for this tour can cost much more.

In the summer of 1998, the research vessel Akademik Keldysh, equipped with deep-sea submersibles, delivered a group of enthusiasts to the Atlantic and organized descents to the bottom to the site of the sinking of the legendary Titanic. Known tours with an inspection of the sunken passenger liner"Andrea Dorea" and others. The sunken ship excites the imagination of the tourist and arouses genuine interest. If there is no sunken ship near the tourist center, it will be sunk for the needs of tourists. For these purposes, the Cubans bought an old Soviet destroyer and sank near the coast to organize underwater expeditions. A popular tour is to visit the sunken battleship Gangut in the Gulf of Finland near Vyborg.

TOURS FOR THE PURPOSE OF DISCOVERING. there are professional expeditions in search of treasures and treasures and amateur ones - adventure, entertaining, with the provision of the opportunity to wash the gold sand in the waste of gold mining, the search for precious stones. On the islands of the Indian Ocean, tourists are offered a shovel and a map with the approximate location of the buried fairy chest - this type of activity is included in the list of island entertainment for tourists.

SEX TOUR. SEX-TOUR, the main purpose of which is to participate in entertainment of a sexual nature:) a tour for men for special purposes for entertainment with local women, visits to brothels. Such a tour is especially popular in Japan, it is also practiced for military personnel and shift workers, it is rarely announced openly;) a tour, more often custom-made, organized for young women who are sent abroad for a week or longer in order to earn money in an ancient profession, sometimes combining it with work in casinos, restaurants, hotels, entertainment shows, stripteases, etc.) tours to special events for representatives of sexual minorities.

Sex tours are anathema, and their organizers are ostracized. There are special recommendations from the WTO and other public organizations calling on the public to discourage such types of tourism. SPACE TOURISM. Space tourism is the most expensive and, perhaps, the most exotic type of extreme tourism - a trip to the Earth's orbit. While space tourists can be counted on the fingers - this is the American millionaire Denis Tito and South African citizen Mark Shuttleworth. The first week's stay on the International Space Station cost $12 million, the second - $14 million. Later, the soloist of the N "Sync group Lance Bass was preparing for the launch on the ISS, but due to lack of funding, his launch did not take place. However, Rosaviakosmos claims that in the future they will be able to reduce the cost of tours and will gladly accept applications for space travel from any citizen of the Earth.But after the well-known crash of the Shuttle, sending tourists into space stopped indefinitely.

JAILOO-TOURISM (from the Kyrgyz name of the yurt) is one of the types of exotic extreme recreation - life in a primitive tribe with all the delights of nomadic life. Over the past five years, travel agencies have appeared in many countries, offering to go on a trip "to the savages." In our country, such an extreme vacation is called jailoo tourism (from the Kyrgyz name for a yurt). Those who wish can live for several days in the Nenets tent among nomads. Or go for a week to the natives in the Amazonian selva, where you will be taught how to make a salad from beetle larvae, alcoholic drinks from fruits and saliva, hunt with wind weapons and poisoned arrows. The cost of the trip depends on the number of tourists in the group (from 300 to 1000 euros).

This fascinating type of tourism is successfully developing in the high mountain pastures of Kyrgyzstan . It is offered to sleep right on the floor of the shepherd's yurt, next to the smoky hearth, fresh lamb and koumiss, as well as horseback riding in the mountains and pastures. A great opportunity to take a break from the big city.

ASSIMILATION TOURISM. Assimilation into another culture takes time. If you have a month or two of free time, then you can afford such a vacation abroad. Its essence is as follows. You go to some exotic, inexpensive place, rent a bungalow and try to fit into the life around you: dance naked with your neighbors in the moonlight, chase monkeys out of your garden, teach parrots to swear in Russian. When others get used to you, consider that the vacation was a success.

KITESURFING. Its essence lies in the fact that a person standing on a board accelerates with the help of a kite, the rope from which is in his hands. Kitesurfing is possible both in the mountains and on flat terrain, the only prerequisite is the wind . You can even ride on any field, arbitrarily flat or bumpy. But it is considered a special chic to ride a board on ponds covered with ice crust and covered with snow. In addition, the channels of rivers or lakes, as a rule, are the most windy places. Amazing all-weather versatility allows you to use kites in winter and summer. And some professionals make jumps up to 100 meters in length and 30 in height.

AGRO TOURISM. One of the types of exotic tourism for a modern resident is agritourism. This is a type of tourism in which rest is combined with part of agricultural work. Quite often, tourists live on farms, help the owners, thereby paying for their accommodation and meals. No fee is charged from either side.

Agritourism is well developed in France, Italy and Spain. They say that the best rest is a change of activity, some people adhere to this rule and become addicted to agritourism.

CHAPTER II. GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM

1 Geography of exotic tourism

Geographical tourist regions traditionally classified as exotic should include: Eastern countries, countries of Latin America, Africa, Oceania.

Africa is an extremely interesting, very promising, but the most poorly developed tourist region. Among the factors favoring the development of tourism on this continent are the following:

proximity to Europe and Asia;

warm weather and plenty of sun all year round;

presence in many coastal areas Africa's beautiful beaches, on the basis of which you can create seaside resorts;

diverse exotic nature , including unique fauna;

the variety of cultural and historical attractions in North Africa;

Among the factors that hinder the development of tourism in Africa include:

the low economic level of most African countries;

underdeveloped tourist infrastructure and transport network (to a greater extent this can be attributed to the Central African countries );

unstable domestic political situation in a number of countries on the continent;

lack of developed domestic tourism, which “paves the way” for international tourism;

the governments of a number of countries pay insufficient attention to the development of tourism;

some regions of the continent are characterized by unfavorable climatic conditions (heat, dry winds, a long period of heavy precipitation).

Africa Placement Fund Development significantly inferior to Europe and North America . The placement fund has reached its greatest development in the countries of North Africa and South Africa, and its growth rates here are higher than in other countries of the continent.

Poorly developed transport . The highest density of the paved road network in the countries of North Africa and South Africa, Morocco , Tunisia, Somalia. In countries located in the equatorial zone and adjacent territories , the use of dirt roads during the rainy season is not possible. However, the governments of many countries pay great attention to this problem, given that most tourists from Europe and America come by car. or buses. The most popular mode of transport used by tourists while traveling in Africa at the moment - aviation.

A special form of maritime tourism - cruises - is developing quite successfully in the African region. Using cruise travel along the Mediterranean Sea, tourists can see the countries of three parts of the world in one trip.

Seasonality here depends both on local climatic conditions, primarily the position of Africa in the northern and southern hemispheres, and on global trends in the seasonality of tourism. Due to its position in two hemispheres, Africa has broad prospects for the development of tourism throughout the year, alternating by months of receiving foreign guests, then one or another country.

Length of stay of foreign tourists in African countries is different, but in general it is characterized by a rather long duration. Leading places in the flows that Africa receives are arrivals from the former metropolises.

Developed countries of North Africa (Morocco, Tunisia , Egypt ), convenient, mastered in relation to the organization of tourism and accessible to mass tourists, and the countries of the historically active and accessible region of the Levant are the most famous and visited due to their geographical proximity to the main regions of sending tourists (Europe and America ). The countries of the Middle East today are inaccessible for tourism due to local conflicts or religious alienation.

Undoubtedly exotic in terms of tourism are the Central African states by their nature and picturesque world, they are attractive for safari tourists. , Kilimanjaro and national parks and these are just the main symbols . But the development of tourism here the lack of a developed tourist infrastructure is very much slowing down, and in the conditions of the Central African climate, the need for it is especially acute, now the Central African countries are the least visited by tourists on this continent.

Kenya is Safari , rest on the coast of the Indian Ocean. National parks : Masai Mara, Nakuru, Amboseli, Tsavo, Aberdares, Lamu and others. Lodges from tourist to luxury class, portable campsites. Jeep safari, hot air balloon. Hotels on the coast of all categories, including with a catering system All inclusive. Unique accommodation option: colonial houses on the ocean with all the servants. Restaurants with meat tastings of wild animals. Weekly regular group rides. Flying like in Nairobi as well as in Mombasa. Cruises around the islands of the Indian Ocean from Mombasa.

Undoubtedly, South Africa, diverse in climatic zones, landscapes , flora and fauna and tourist sites - "one hundred wonders in one bottle" - Sun City, Johannesburg , praetoria, diamond mines, Kruger park, waterfall Victoria, the Blue Train, fantastic in its luxury, slowly crossing everything climatic zones and delivering tourists to tourist sites.

The civilization of South Africa absorbed and combined the ancient exotic customs of the Africans, the refined heritage of the Indo-Arab world and the latest technologies of the Europeans. Golden sands of tropical beaches, eternal snows dragon mountains, exotic reserves , the fabulous kingdom of the forests of the Cape Province and Natal attract tourists here. South Africa is one of the largest tourist centers African continent, so I would like to write about it in more detail.

Cape Town - the city was founded in 1652 by Jean van Riebeek. Usually a tour of Cape Town begins with a climb to the famous Table Mountain, continues with a visit to the South African Museum, Company Gardens, flower market, Castle of Good Hope (the oldest building in South Africa, the former base of the Dutch East India campaign, as well as a defensive fort for settlers, it is still regional center of the South African military), as well as the central business district and the Malay Quarter. End of tour - at Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, exclusive mall, where there are more than 250 shops, 40 restaurants, bars.

The Cape of Good Hope is a unique place in the south of the country where the warm waters of the Indian Ocean and the cold waters of the Atlantic meet. Usually the tour begins with a visit to the Kirstenbosch botanical gardens, after which tourists have lunch in a restaurant seafood, visit False Bay, take the funicular to the Cape of Good Hope. There is also a visit to an ostrich farm. Sun City - located 200 km from Johannesburg. Sun City is a fabulous city in the center ancient volcano. On the way, tourists will recognize the legend " Lost City". An unusually beautiful palace and wonderful palace parks were built here for the king ancient civilization, however everything was destroyed during a volcanic eruption. Centuries later, modern architects accurately recreated the picture of those days. Sun City offers a huge amount of entertainment: casinos, slot machines , tennis courts, Turkish baths, whirlpool tubs, etc. Waze Valley is one of the largest water attractions in the world, there are huge waterfall, a pool with waves up to 1.8 meters, a beach with quartz sand. Tourists can take a walk along the Bridge of Time, where an earthquake is simulated every hour. , you can visit the Orchid Garden, where you can see 2 lakes and 20 waterfalls .

Durban - Durban's beaches stretch for tens of kilometers from Addington to the Country Club and are equipped with everything you need, including changing rooms, restaurants, lifeguards and even shark nets. Plenty Bay is especially popular with windsurfers. Even in winter (June-August), the water temperature does not drop below 17 degrees. On Golden Mile are the most luxurious hotels and apartments, the best beaches of Durban. Here, tourists can find all kinds of entertainment centers, swimming pools, amazing places for walking, decorated with exotic plants. At the service of children - a magnificent amusement park with a full range of attractions. Aquarium in the middle of Durban's Golden Mile connected by an underground tunnel to the dolphinarium, where you can see a unique performance of dolphins and fur seals.

Port Elizabeth - Port Elizabeth is located on the shores of Algoa Bay and is known as the "Friendly City". It is the fifth largest city in South Africa and the largest on the coast between Cape Town and Durban. It was here that the British built their new houses in a typical English style: small neat buildings. The 40km long beaches of Algoa Bay are great for swimming, surfing, snorkeling and snorkelling. Tourists can visit St. George's Park, where the oldest cricket ground in Africa is located, Settlers Park, Opera, museum complex, a monument to 1820 settlers, a market square, etc. The Bridge shopping center is also of interest - the largest shopping center in Africa, located "under one roof".

Namibia is one of the elite countries in the South African region, with fantastically rich natural resources and no less rich culture and wildlife. Huge sunny area with varied landscape : mountains, deserts, savannah, ocean panoramas. And also: the charms of the modern metropolitan life of Windhoek, the ancient rock paintings of Twyfelfontein, a colony of fur seals, flights over the mysterious Skeleton Coast , magnificent sunrises and sunsets in the desert, when the sand dunes (the highest in the world) are painted in different shades: from beige to orange, pink and crimson, National parks with countless flora and fauna. Here grows one of the oldest plants in the world - welwitshcia, preserved (one of the few) dinosaur footprints in the world, which is more than 150 million years old and is the second largest in the world (after the Grand Canyon in the USA) Fish River Canyon. Traveling in Namibia will be enriched by a train ride - the Desert Express Suite with stops at the ranch, where you can feed the lions with your own hands , and a two-hour midnight stop in the Namib Desert. There will also be acquaintance with the markets of artisans and manufacturers (various wood products, as well as ostrich leather , the best astrakhan in the world), and acquaintance with the "city of diamonds" Swakopmund.

Tanzania is famous for the best safaris in East Africa. As a rule, travel agencies selling trips to Tanzania divide it into two routes: the Northern Route: Ngorongoro National Parks, Serengeti, Manyara, Tarangire and the Southern Route: Selush and Ruaha. Lodges for all levels of accommodation. Jeep and hot air balloon safari. Flamingo lakes, African big five. Climbing Kilimanjaro : all five roads. Dazzling white sandy beaches, mangroves, museum shells by the surf, aromas of spicy spices, solitude and peace untouched nature. Ecological tourism luxury class. All these are the islands of Tanzania - Zanzibar , Pemba, Mnemba and Mafia.

Zambia has an interesting fate : being at the center of all tourist routes, until now few people visited it, which was reflected in the untouchedness of the vast territories of the Kafue National Parks, the Luangwa Valley and the Lower Zambezi. By the way, the parks of Zambia are ideal a place for hiking or walking safaris, and the term "walking safari" itself originated here. The former capital of the country, the city named after the famous traveler David Livingston, like his monument, is located on the banks of the great African Zambezi River, where it crashes into a huge gorge. It is on the Zambian side of the Falls Cruises, helicopter rides, "flights of angels" on motorized hang gliders at an altitude of more than 500 meters along the waterfall are available to tourists in Victoria , the river and the Mosi-o-Tounya National Park, where there is something to see. The recently rapidly developing infrastructure of Livingston offers first-class accommodation in hotels and private lodges, mainly located on the river. And in November-December, when the water level in the waterfall minimal, the most courageous are offered walks along the edge of the waterfall, from which the Zambezi dumps tons of water per second.

The country is inhabited by amazing and very hospitable people, which gives additional charm to travel. across Zambia.

Interesting and accessible countries of the Far East (China and Japan , mysterious Tibet , a special region is the countries of Southeast Asia and India , who at one time underwent intensive colonization and partially accepted European influence on the image of life, which are now unique and highly adapted destinations for tourism. Southeast Asia includes the territory of the Indochina peninsula and numerous islands Malay Archipelago and is the boundary between the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Important trade routes pass through the countries of Southeast Asia.

Southeast Asia includes the following states: Brunei , East Timor , Vietnam . Indonesia , Cambodia, Laos , Malaysia , Myanmar , Singapore , Thailand , Philippines.

In general, tourism in the region is developing quite rapidly. So, if in 1980 there were 8.3 million arrivals, then in 1991 their number reached 20 million. This was facilitated by diverse factors of a geographical, social, economic, cultural and political nature:

favorable geographical position of Southeast Asia on the routes from the Pacific to the Indian Oceans and from Eurasia to Australia;

the huge length of the coastline of the region;

most of the major cities and excursion sites in the region are located on the coast, which is an important condition for cruise tourism;

beauty and uniqueness of local landscapes;

endemicity of flora and fauna of the region;

good environmental conditions;

many unique monuments of history, culture and architecture that are concentrated in the region;

the diversity of the ethnic composition of Southeast Asia, which allows you to get acquainted with a wide variety of cultures , traditions and customs;

impetuous economic development a number of Southeast Asian countries: Malaysia, Singapore , Thailand , Indonesia. Export of goods and services complement each other friend;

the presence of a developed tourist infrastructure and great attention to tourism on the part of the authorities in a number of Southeast Asian countries.

It should be noted that, despite the favorable geographical location, the presence of a variety of natural attractions and rich cultural and historical heritage, the tourism industry in a number of countries of the region is practically not developed. Here you can highlight: Vietnam , Cambodia, Laos. The development of international tourism in these countries is mainly constrained economic and political instability.

A specific feature of the region is that, despite the pronounced two seasons in the year - dry and rainy, the seasonality of arrivals in Southeast Asia is insignificant, and for some states it does not even coincide with the period of precipitation. This can be explained by the fact that resort tourism in the region is not dominant. Important positions belong to cognitive, pilgrimage, business types of tourism.

Sri Lanka (Ceylon) is included in the category of exotic countries along with Thailand and other countries this region. Buddhist monasteries with three thousand years of history , fantastic giant statues of the silent Buddha, multiple temples, centuries-old culture and art , unique natural objects, caves, exotic plants and botanical gardens with collections of thousands of varieties of orchids, varieties of herbs (garden of spices and spices in Malta) elephant nurseries , elephant safaris and elephant shows and music festivals of national art - all this is of great interest to tourists.

The Seychelles are also traditionally and invariably categorized as southern exotic. This is one of the richest nature reserves in the world. where untouched nature meets white sandy beaches and the cleanest lagoons, fenced off from open ocean reefs that protect tourists from sharks. Thanks to the rich underwater world and the purity of the water, the Seychelles considered one of the best places for snorkeling , fishing, boat trips. The region of Austrolasia (New Zealand) should be indicated and Australia ) and Oceania. Many travel companies for Kazakhstanis at the same time, and not without reason and success, they are attributed to the exotic countries of the Caribbean (Dominica, Jamaica, Barbados , Saint Lucia and others). The package of attractions for a tourist is quite worthy and exotic, although not oriental. These are white and pink beaches of the finest coral sand, and virgin rainforests. Sports activities also fully meet modern tastes and fashion: surfing (the island is ideally suited for both beginners and professionals), windsurfing, sailing , water skiing, sports fishing, diving , there are excellent opportunities for horseback riding, lawn tennis, golf, squash, cricket.

Saint Lucia famous for exotic plants, tropical forests and gardens, sandy beaches on the western coast, natural healing mineral springs and a unique underwater world, sulfur springs and Tropical Garden with Diamond Falls , turtles parrots. You can see the capital of the island, where wooden buildings, the cathedral of the 19th century, have been preserved. And the stone church of the Holy Trinity, as well as Pigeon Island, here is an ancient British fort, which is considered a historical monument . For Europeans greedy for warmth and southern exoticism, the category of exotic countries includes the countries of South America . For example Brazil where a highlight for tourists is offered legendary city Rio de Janeiro where inaccessible and majestic waterfalls Iguazu, the largest spillway in the world, Amazon tours (visit to piranhas), the most colorful February carnival in the world in Rio de Janeiro, Angra Dos Reis, and Sao Paulo. Peru is considered distant, mysterious and inaccessible to Russians. , Chile and the edge of Antarctica.

A trip to Australia can be compared to a trip to a lost world. Australia is replete with exotic, but at the same time offers tourists a truly royal service. Developed tourist infrastructure contributes to pleasant rest and carefree pastime. For tourists, holidays in Australia open up new and unexplored corners of the Earth. Here, picturesque virgin nature is adjacent to the stone jungle, deserts are interspersed with dense tropical forests, fertile river valleys, waterfalls that bring life-giving coolness. And how diverse is the world of flora and fauna of the mainland. Well, where else in the natural habitat can you admire kangaroos, platypuses, dingoes and gigantic Australian crocodiles?

It is not surprising that tours to Australia are rich in various excursion programs. Within the framework of one trip, it is possible to get acquainted with the life of the natives, skiing, visiting the marvelous islands of Oceania. After visiting Australia, don't miss the chance to take a picture of the Sydney Opera House, and then go up to the site of the Sydney Tower, where you can see the entire metropolis from a bird's eye view.

But visiting large cities such as Melbourne, Sydney, Canberra, Brisbane sightseeing tours to Australia do not end there. For example, an exciting trip to one of the most famous reserves of the region - the Blue Mountains, where relict rainforests are still preserved and unique animals that are not found anywhere else live.

Coming to Australia and not seeing Aires Rock is simply impossible. This world's largest monolith is famous for constantly changing its color. But not only extraordinary appearance attracts thousands of tourists. It is believed that Iris Rock is the heart of the continent and one of the recognized energy points of the Earth. IN different time day the rock is painted in more and more new shades. At sunset, the stone is scarlet, and in the morning under the rays of the sun it becomes gray, pink and even bright orange.

However, holidays in Australia offer not only trips around the country, but also relaxation on stunning beach resorts. Fans flock here aquatic species sports, as well as lovers of beach doing nothing. For example, it is worth visiting Cairns. From there it is suggested to take a cruise to the coral gardens Big Reef. It will be interesting for both avid divers and novice divers. You can continue your beach holiday on the Gold Coast, which is famous for its luxurious hotels, luxurious bars and gourmet restaurants.

Going to such a remote continent, why not combine a holiday in Australia with a visit to New Zealand? These countries are relatively close to each other, so travel agencies often offer combined tours.

Tourism to the North and South Poles. Relatively recently, cruises to the Arctic and Antarctic have been launched. And more and more people want to visit extreme climatic conditions and see exotic animals such as penguins. In addition, the North and South Poles are the most environmentally friendly places on Earth.

There are also such exotic tours as a trip to Chernobyl Or a trip through the jungle.

For obvious reasons, there are not many people who want to go to Chernobyl. Indeed, even after 16 years, the ecological situation in this area is far from optimal. Of course, thrill-seekers are sent there in special suits, accompanied by specialists with dosimeters. However, access to the forbidden 30-kilometer zone is closed to pregnant women and minors, since radiation is directly at the power plant. repeatedly exceeds the allowable limits.

For $105 you can see a breathtaking picture: an extinct city, tall grass everywhere and wild nature. Without human intervention, the zone has turned into a unique natural park. New plant species have appeared here, populations have revived dying animals. White-tailed eagles, lynxes, gray wolves , feral horses captured the area.

When hiking in the jungle, the tourist has the opportunity to literally fit into nature, but at the same time be cut off from the civilized world. And even if such a tour group has modern means of satellite communications, it may take several hours or days for help to arrive. Therefore, any emergency can lead to serious consequences.

2 Pros and cons of holidays in exotic countries

What are the benefits of vacationing in exotic countries? Firstly, as already mentioned, you can enjoy the indescribable beauty of local landscapes, whether it be the azure sea or wild jungle, get acquainted with the customs and traditional way of life of the natives, feel the full local flavor. In a word - get a lot of impressions that you will remember all your life.

Secondly, if we are talking about winter holidays in warm countries, then this is The best way get rid of seasonal depression, which more and more people suffer from these days. Signs of autumn depression are familiar to many of us - it's fatigue, indifference to everything, drowsiness, a complete breakdown. In this case, an exciting journey is the best medicine! A complete change of scenery and a whirlpool of events will spin you headlong and will not even let you remember the blues. In addition, for those who live in the northern regions and lack sunlight, it is very useful to regularly travel to hot countries in order to receive the necessary dose of ultraviolet radiation.

Third, climate change will benefit those with lung or thyroid problems. Elderly people and those who have diseases of the respiratory system will benefit from fresh sea air, enriched with particles of mineral salts, which have a beneficial effect on the entire body and help recharge their health for many years to come. But remember that if the intense heat characteristic of the summer period is contraindicated for you, then you need to go to exotic countries in autumn or winter. And, of course, one cannot fail to say that a variety of cruises and excursions that you will be offered to visit in exotic countries will instantly disperse a bad mood and allow you to forget about everyday problems. In the fresh air, under the warm rays of the sun, you can easily cope with any stress and find peace of mind. Positive emotions, which you recharge on the shores of the warm sea, will warm you all year round.

But when choosing a place for a future vacation, it is important to find exactly your direction among the large number of exotic countries offered by travel agencies. Only then will the rest bring pleasure and become truly memorable.

From what has been said, it is clear that vacationing in exotic countries has many advantages. A special attraction for our compatriots is the all-inclusive system, which is common in some countries. In this case, you do not have to worry about food and drinks. But, unfortunately, one often has to deal with the slowness of waiters or a meager menu, which is especially true for inexpensive two- or three-star hotels, where the level of service leaves much to be desired.

Another disadvantage of vacationing in exotic countries is the extreme degree of “stickiness” of local residents to tourists. In some countries, especially in the East, beggars can be found at every turn, and the obsession of merchants who want to sell their goods is difficult to describe.

Before planning a trip to distant countries, it would be useful to remember some important points, the neglect of which can negate all the benefits of traveling. First of all, you need to take into account that the body is adapted to certain climatic conditions, and therefore, too abrupt a change in climate can significantly worsen health. Why be surprised that when we get to an exotic resort, instead of plunging headlong into the whirlpool of holidays and entertainment, we quietly whine in pain in a hotel bed. And this - instead of sunbathing on a golden beach or scuba diving in search of treasure!

The body reacts especially painfully to a contrasting change in climate in winter period, just when you really want to fly away from slush and snowdrifts. In this regard, it should be taken into account that the body needs a sufficiently long adaptation period to rebuild from winter to summer. This is especially true for people who suffer from cardiovascular diseases, asthma or disorders in the activity of the nervous system.

Residents of the northern regions on the sunny coast face a serious danger from an overdose of ultraviolet rays. This can cause not only sunburn, but also contribute to skin diseases, various allergies, and even cancer. Therefore, going to the beach, be sure to take sunscreen and ointments with you, accustom your body to the sun gradually. The open sun of tropical beaches can be dangerous for hypertensive and hypotensive patients.

We must take into account that the extremely active sun of exotic resorts dries up delicate skin, and the wind contributes to its dehydration. There is another extreme - excessive sweating, which can lead to clogged skin pores, acne and pimples.

Speaking about the dangers that may lie in wait for lovers of exotic holidays in tropical latitudes, special attention should be paid to food. Because a sharp transition from our usual carbohydrate-rich food to a plentiful exotic menu will require additional efforts from the body to change the type of metabolism. Not to mention the fact that “foreign” water, unfamiliar products and their exotic combinations, an abundance of spices and spices very often lead to digestive system upset. Due to this, seasoned tourists recommend that, while in exotic countries, in no case should you drink "raw" water from the tap or from open pump rooms and reservoirs. You should not buy any local drinks or juices on the street if they are sold in leaky bottles or cans. The smartest thing to do is to buy bottled water in advance (at a hotel or shop) and take it with you to the beach, excursion or just for a walk around the city.

A few words about food: when you go on vacation to exotic countries, do not rush to try pickled grasshoppers or fried locusts, as well as other purely national delicacies. In order not to spoil your vacation and not endanger your health, in an unfamiliar country you need to choose well-known dishes. Following these simple rules will help you avoid many digestive problems.

We should not forget about reverse acclimatization when returning from exotic countries. You need to go to work not immediately, but after a few days, so that the body has time to get used to the change of time and climate. Otherwise, you are threatened with the same breakdown and depression.

Graduality also applies to changing the diet: do not rush to eat cabbage soup with pies. In the first days after the "exotic" diet, you should eat neutral low-fat foods such as cereals, yogurt, boiled meat, soups and lots of vegetables.

Well, and most importantly - before planning a vacation in exotic countries, especially in winter, do not forget to consult a doctor. If your health is in perfect order, then you can safely go, and a trip to exotic countries will be remembered by you only with pleasant memories and exciting adventures.

3 Jailoo tourism: a journey into the distant past

In modern society, with its rapid pace of life, there are many people who want to take a break from the hustle and bustle of the city. Forget for a while about traffic jams, constant city noise and air poisoned by industrial emissions. Someone goes to nature for this, someone goes to the sea. But there are people who need to completely exclude all this noisy civilization for themselves at least for a while.

Jailoo-tourism is a rest in the conditions of a primitive or primitive way of life. Living the life of a primitive tribe has recently become a popular idea. Europeans have previously lived in the primitive tribes of Africa, South America and Micronesia. As a rule, these were researchers and travelers collecting material for their scientific work. Now, an increasing number of thrill-seekers travel to primitive tribes to take a break from the bustle of the city.

Jailoo tourism got its name from the name of the Kyrgyz pastures. It was in Kyrgyzstan that this new type of tourism was born, which eventually spread throughout the world.

It should be noted that this type of recreation is not suitable for everyone. You won’t take children here, you won’t be able to relax, in the most common sense of the word. Jailoo tourism is, first of all, extreme entertainment. Of course, there is always an experienced guide next to the tourist, but even he cannot always prevent the dangers that lie in wait in the wild.

Kyrgyzstan, which is the birthplace of jailoo tourism, at the same time offers the safest option for this type of holiday. Those who wish to live the life of Kyrgyz shepherds get the opportunity to spend a whole week on a high mountain pasture. Naturally, there is no question of any benefits of civilization. The tourist will eat the same as the locals eat: fried lamb, koumiss and flatbread. You will even have to sleep on the floor of the yurt. However, the wonderful mountain nature, the night sky strewn with myriads of stars, and the tart aroma of highland flowers minimize all negative impressions. In addition, for jailoo tourists, horseback riding in the surrounding mountains and acquaintance with the culture of local residents are provided. Jailoo tourism has also found its niche in Africa. There are still preserved tribes living, practically, in the Stone Age. The fact that not all of them are friendly towards aliens adds a special extremeness. However, if the locals like you, they will welcome you with open arms.

A tourist who has returned thousands of years ago will have to learn how to collect and process pasture, hunt and make primitive tools. The cultural program is exotic, but not very diverse - singing and dancing to the sound of drums.

On the South American continent, in the virgin forests of the Amazon, tribes living in a primitive communal system have also been preserved. Sometimes, they do not even know iron, so living in such a tribe will allow you to learn from your own experience how our distant ancestors lived in the Stone Age.

A separate direction of jailoo tourism can be living in a camp set up in the depths of the wild, far from any centers of civilization. Those who choose this type of recreation will fall into complete dependence on the vagaries of nature, which can both reward and severely punish for the slightest mistake. Such "field trips", where you have to really survive in extreme conditions, can also be carried out in the desert, in the tundra, in the jungle. There are still places on earth where civilization has not extended its asphalt tentacles, and where you can immerse yourself in primitive life. Jailoo-tourism is still developing into a separate direction, but today in different countries of the world there are many who want to escape into the past for a while. It is only important to remember that for urban dwellers, survival in the wild should not be associated with great risk. The most important thing in jailoo tourism is whether the traveler will be able to calculate his physical and mental strength in such a way, and not take risks in vain, and such a “journey into the past” brought only pleasure.

CHAPTER III. EXOTIC TOURISM IN KAZAKHSTAN

1 Hunting with a golden eagle

Hunting with a golden eagle is a traditional hunting art in Kazakhstan, the origins of which go back to ancient times. The tradition of hunting with birds of prey is passed down from generation to generation. Hereditary hunters with eagles are called berkutchi, from the Kazakh "burkitshi" ("burkit" - golden eagle, "shi" - a suffix denoting the type of activity). There are very few true golden eagles left, and the bird itself is listed in the Red Book and is endangered. Unfortunately, the tradition of hunting with a golden eagle in Kazakhstan is gradually dying. It is quite possible that such an interesting and exciting traditional hunting with large eagles in this country will soon become history.

Kazakhs hunt on horseback. Usually they arrange hunting sorties in the morning and in the evening. The golden eagle is a heavy bird, weighing about 3.5 kg, so the golden eagle puts his hand with the eagle sitting on it on a special crossbar attached to the pommel of the saddle. A special sleeve made of thick horseskin is put on the hand, and a glove is put on top of it so that the long and sharp claws of the golden eagle do not damage the skin of the owner. In order for the bird not to be distracted by the road, a special leather cap is put on its eyes - an eyecup, and so that the golden eagle does not break off earlier than expected, its legs are pulled together with straps and a special leash is put on. Having noticed a suitable game, the hunter makes a special call, releases the bird from the belts and cap, and pushes it. The golden eagle dives on its victim and grabs it with one paw behind the head, and with the other behind the back, trying to break the spine. Sometimes he beats game in the neck with a sharp beak, tearing large vessels. A resisting large animal, the eagle can strike several times, with the help of wings balancing on its back. The hunter quickly jumps to the prey, affectionately forces the golden eagle to release his prey and rewards him with meat. Then the berkutchi again puts a cap on the eagle, tangles his legs and puts him on a horse, and he himself starts cutting the carcass.

Each berkutchi goes through a difficult path, I train my bird. Learning this skill begins in childhood. A boy, before becoming a golden eagle, must first tame a sparrow hawk or hobby hawk, and then master the wisdom of controlling a larger goshawk, gyrfalcon or peregrine falcon. The taming of the golden eagle begins under the guidance of an experienced mentor, because the golden eagle is the largest eagle, it is very strong and dangerous.

A bird of prey is not easy to train. Mostly young, already flying birds are tamed. The slightest mistake - and the eagle will fly away forever. If you overdo it, the bird will become completely domestic, like a chicken in the yard.

A wild golden eagle is caught with a net in his favorite places of hunting. Doves are usually used as bait. The caught bird is tied by the legs and put on a leather cap over its eyes. After the bird gets used to it, they begin to feed it and teach it to fly, being tied to a long rope. Then, the process of training the golden eagle to hunt the beast begins. After attaching a piece of meat to a live dog and tying it to a log, the cap is removed from the starving eagle for 5-7 days. The bird rushes at the dog with lightning speed, kills it and eats it. After several such procedures, the eagle is ready to hunt and gets used to the owner so much that it does not seek to fly away from him.

Having obtained his eaglet, the berkutchi begins to feed it. Five times a day, a young golden eagle is fed meat, mixed with ground bones, wool and feathers. During feeding, the bird always sees a glove on which it will subsequently have to sit.

Gradually, the eagle is taught to sit on the hand of a golden eagle; for the correct actions of the golden eagle reward food. The gloved hand becomes the most attractive place for the bird to feel safe. While the eagle eats its reward, they begin to slowly transfer it from place to place - “to bear”.

When the golden eagle is fully mastered on the owner's hand, he is taught to fly to it from a perch. A perch is a bow covered with cloth, which is attached to the wall. The flight range is gradually increased, and when the eagle flies on the hand already from 30 - 50 meters, the next stage of training begins. By waving a lure - a bait made from a pair of pigeon wings - the bird is taught to fly from afar.

Then the berkutchi begins to train his bird to hunt animals. Having stuffed the skin of a fox or a hare with meat, he ties the resulting “blende” to a thin thread spun from horsehair and drags it along the ground. Meat, for greater attractiveness, is sweetened with sugar. The bird pounces on the "beast" and eats it. After the golden eagle got used to a new type of food, they begin to serve real animals.

The entire learning process can take several months or even years. Kazakhs call birds of different ages in their own way: if an eagle is a year old it is a balapan, at two years old it is a kantubit, at three years old it is a tyrnek, a four-year-old bird is called tastulek, a five-year-old is a muzbalak, a six-year-old is a koktubit, a seven-year-old is a kana, an eight-year-old is jana, a nine-year-old - maytubit, ten years old - barkyn, eleven years old - barshin, twelve years old - shogel. In nature, golden eagles can live for more than 30 years, and in captivity live up to 50 years.

Hunting with a golden eagle is held from August 15 to May 1, but the most optimal time is from November 1 to February 15. From May to mid-August, golden eagles molt very painfully and are not able to hunt productively.

After 10-15 years of such cooperation, the golden eagle is released into the wild. Although the bird is tamed by man, it can hunt on its own. The eagle spends the rest of its life as a free predator.

Hunting with a golden eagle for hares and foxes is an attraction Central Asia. Recently Kazakhstan hosted a republican tournament in the national sport among the golden eagles, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of Independence of Kazakhstan. According to the hunters, they want to convey the traditions of their ancestors to the younger generation. Falconry has always been popular among the rulers of Kazakhstan. A rider with a bird of prey sitting on his wrist has long been a symbol of the Asian steppes. Under the Soviet regime, hunting was considered an elite occupation, and the authorities tried to prevent its spread. However, after Kazakhstan gained independence 13 years ago, interest in hunting in the country began to grow. Today there are about 40 officially registered falconers in Kazakhstan. Many Kazakh hunters live in neighboring Mongolia.

In 2010, hunting with birds of prey was included in the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity.

2 Aeronautics in Kazakhstan

Aeronautics in Kazakhstan began its development in the early nineties. In that difficult, turbulent time, the first pilots were trained and showed the first hot air balloon to our city. Together with our young Republic, aeronautics grew and developed. The equipment was updated, there were more pilots.

Skydiving is one of the aviation sports associated with the use of parachutes. The fall speed is 50-60 meters per second or 180-200 kilometers per hour. Thanks to this speed, the skydiver can move freely in the air, while using his body (legs, arms, etc.) as rudders. A skydiver is in free fall for quite a short time, during which he needs to have time to complete the jump program. When jumping from 4000 thousand meters, only about 60 seconds. To land safely, a skydiver needs a parachute that will slow down this speed and bring the skydiver to the ground, to the right place for him.

Modern parachuting includes:

swoop is a type of skydiving where the result is a long span upon landing. With the advent of high-speed elliptical domes, it became possible to build high-speed landing approaches and overflights. For this discipline, some manufacturers even produce special domes. This is a highly technical dispersal of the dome in front of the ground. Swoop, as well as dome acrobatics, is one of the dangerous, but at the same time spectacular discipline in parachuting;

Freefly is a team parachuting sport. The team consists of two athletes (performers) performing various figures during a free fall, and an aerial videographer filming them. Freefly is an interactive discipline that involves the interaction of the air operator and the crew. A video camera is installed on the helmet of the videographer, with the help of which he shoots video. The flight of the team starts from the moment of leaving the aircraft and lasts 45 seconds. Unlike traditional types of parachuting, where the vertical fall speed is 180-200 km/h, in freefly the falling speed of team members can reach 250-300 km/h due to vertical fall postures (upside down, standing, etc.) ;

freestyle is a type of parachuting, the essence of which is to perform various sets of figures from one's own body. All work is in free fall and an operator is needed to observe the jump. Working out figures on the ground requires special equipment, which is not available on every DZ.

Beauty, the complexity of the elements, the skill of the air operator who shoots in the air are evaluated here. Freestyle classes are available for many advanced athletes, but due to the lack of information on freestyle in Kazakhstan, this sport has not yet received proper development.

A relatively young type of parachuting;

skysurfing - this is ski jumping to perform various figures in free fall - a relatively young type of parachuting. Having appeared recently, it has received a very rapid development in Kazakhstan. The aerodynamics of a skier is very different from a simple free fall, so ski jumping is considered almost a different sport.

If the ski is heavier than 20 g/cm, it must be equipped with its own parachute. Ski jumping is a difficult sport and only very experienced athletes are allowed to take part in it.

In parachuting, athletes compete precisely in the mastery of body control in free fall (excluding some types, such as classical parachuting - one of the disciplines of which is the accuracy of landing under a dome at a given target measuring 3-5 centimeters. And dome acrobatics - building formations in the air from domes).

A hot air balloon flight is an unusual gift for relatives and friends, a romantic gift for loved ones, a worthy gift for business partners, an original gift for an anniversary and the best gift for yourself. This event gives an unforgettable experience, a sense of freedom and boundless sky.

Due to the territorial location of our country, near the mountains, with a rather mild climate and mild winds, we have an amazing wind rose, which allows us to fly almost all day. We have the opportunity to carry out flights throughout almost the entire year, not interrupting for a long time during the off-season, so as not to dirty the shell in the mud in spring and autumn.

While flying, we have the opportunity to admire the panorama of mountains, fields, hills, observing from the air the life of not only people, but also animals, sometimes frightening away a flock of pheasants with the noise of a burner or driving a fox out of a mink. And we have the opportunity to land almost anywhere, as soon as we wish.

Flights with passengers are organized and carried out on 3- and 4-seater hot air balloons. It is possible to organize flights for large companies on two balloons at once. It is the flight in the group that is the most exciting because of the possibility of mutual photo and video filming of balloons at close range during maneuvering on different heights. At the end of the flight, each aeronaut who has flown for the first time is given a commemorative certificate, as well as a traditional ceremony of initiation into aeronauts of Kazakhstan with champagne and flowers.

Flights are made at any time of the year, in a strictly defined area. The duration of the hot air balloon flight is about 1 hour. The flight altitude can vary from 50 to 950 meters. In summer, flights are made at sunrise and sunset, in winter, flights are possible throughout. The cost of a balloon flight (hot air balloon) is 25,000 tons per person.

A paraglider is an ultralight aircraft built according to a parachute scheme. Today, the paraglider is the simplest, most affordable and safest aircraft. Flying it is extremely easy. The appearance of this remarkable invention allowed a huge number of modern people to realize their old dream - to learn to fly as freely and easily as birds fly.

Simplicity, mobility, accessibility - these are important factors that make paragliding one of the most popular aviation sports today.

3.3 Development of space tourism in Kazakhstan

Today, Kazakhstan has a unique opportunity to develop all types of tourism - cultural, educational, health, environmental, extreme, sports and others, we annually receive more than 4.5 million foreign citizens, we expect to increase this number from year to year," Nazarbayev said at the opening of the 18th session of the General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization.

We pay attention to such a promising type of tourism as space tourism, at present there are three dozen cosmodromes in the world, but Baikonur has a very special place in this series, Baikonur is the cradle of the development of astronautics in the world, with which truly epoch-making events are associated. Many of them were the first - the first space satellite, the first man in space, the first flight of a space crew, the first spacewalk, the first international crews, and the first space tourists of mankind started from here.

According to Nazarbayev, a promising direction could be the organization of visits by tourists from different countries of the world to spacecraft launches from Baikonur, and their acquaintance with ground facilities "of this space harbor of the world. In the very near future, Kazakhstan will become the Mecca of space tourism. Kazakhstan is the place where where a man went into space for the first time. And a man will be able to go into space from Baikonkur. We have all the conditions for this, so this option is being considered. We don’t need a site for a rocket, just a runway, it’s a plane. Numerous tourists will be happy go to space.Kazakhstan can become a place where people-tourists can go on space tours.Let it be the rich first.This will increase the country's tourist attractiveness, and we can provide training in this area.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. M.B. Birzhakov, "Introduction to tourism" - St. Petersburg: Publishing Trade House "Gerda", 2001-320s.

V.G. Gulyaev, "Organization of tourist transportation"

G.I. Zorina, E.N. Ilyina, E.V. Moshnyaga and others. “Fundamentals of tourist activity” M .: Soviet sport , 2002.

R.G. Saakyants, "Geography of Tourism"

M.V. Efremova , "Fundamentals of tourism business technology"

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Hotel and restaurant business, tourism. Collection of normative documents. Rostov-on-Don

I. Exotic extreme tourism. Exotic tourism: types and directions

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