Reserves national parks in our region. The most famous nature reserves in Russia - a brief description

National parks and reserves are one of the few places with almost untouched nature. virgin forests, the purest lakes, rare and endangered species of animals - all this can be seen with your own eyes for a small price or even free of charge. We want to tell you about the largest and most remarkable natural parks and reserves in different natural zones of Russia.

• Square: 269 ​​thousand ha
• Location: The Republic of Buryatia
• Foundation date: September 12, 1986
• Average temperature: in January −18…−19 °С, in July +12…+14 °С
• Animal world: hare, muskrat, squirrel, brown bear, elk, ermine

There are animals listed in the Red Book here - there are more than 40 rare and endangered species in the Zabaikalsky Park. The world of birds is also diverse: a black crane, a black stork, a whooper swan can be found in the park. Vegetation is of particular value: many pine, cedar and fir forests are over 200 years old. On the territory of the park there are many unique natural monuments - capes, islands, caves, water sources, as well as archaeological sites, such as traces of ancient settlements.

The territory of the park included several natural complexes: the Svyatoy Nos peninsula, the islands of the Chivyrkuisky Bay, the Ushkany Islands. The latter, by the way, were especially chosen by ants: there are more than six thousand anthills on the islands, some of them reach the height of human growth! The Ushkany Islands are also famous for seals: in summer, hundreds of individuals gather on large stones. Seals are shy animals, so the park administration protects them from excessive attention of visitors - it will not be possible to get to the islands without special permission.

• Square: 881 thousand ha
• Location: Republic of Altai, Altai mountains
• Foundation date: April 16, 1932
• Average temperature: in January -8.3 °C, in July +16.8 °C
• Animal world: bear, sable, wolverine, deer, ermine, squirrel, roe deer

Thinking about what reserves there are in Russia, one cannot but recall the Altai Reserve. It has a rather difficult fate: twice, in 1951 and 1961, it was disbanded, but invariably restored. Its main goals are the preservation of Lake Teletskoye, the protection of forests, the rescue of sable, deer, snow leopard and other animals that are on the verge of extinction. There are many streams and springs on the territory of the reserve. clean water. The pride of the reserve is cedar forests: their age reaches 450 years.

The territory of the reserve is practically impassable, only occasionally there are narrow paths, which are guided only by foresters and some employees. This is one of the most large nature reserves Russia, its area is 9.4% of total area Republic of Altai. The reserve is included in the list of virgin or little changed ecological regions of the world.

• Square: 121 thousand ha
• Location: Primorsky Krai, Lazo village
• Foundation date: February 10, 1935
• Average temperature: in January −5.1…−12.5 °C, in August +17.4…+23.5 °C
• Animal world: spotted deer, red deer, goral, Amur tiger

The Lazovsky State Nature Reserve of Russia is named after its second director, Lev Georgievich Kaplanov. He was one of the first to study the Amur tigers, which to this day are the pride of the reserve. In 1943, Kaplanov was killed by poachers who spread to the territory of the reserve during the Great Patriotic War.

Lazovsky Reserve is the second largest in Primorye. Forests occupy 96% of the territory of the reserve. It is the preservation and study of coniferous-deciduous forests that is one of the main goals of creating the reserve. In addition, employees are trying to preserve populations of animal species listed in the Red Book. For example, on the territory of the reserve there are 14 adult Amur tigers and more than 200 gorals, an artiodactyl animal of the goat subfamily.

• Square: 17 thousand ha
• Location: Primorsky Krai
• Foundation date: 1916
• Average temperature: in January -13 °C, in August +21 °C
• Animal world: Far Eastern leopard, Amur tiger, Far Eastern forest cat, Himalayan bear, roe deer, wild boar, exotic butterflies

Kedrovaya Pad is one of the oldest nature reserves in Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the creation of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the strengthening of Vladivostok as a trading port, the intensive development of Primorye began. The development was accompanied by deforestation, forest fires, random hunting, including for rare animals. In 1910, a forestry was organized on the site of the reserve, which sought to preserve the unique virgin forests. Thanks to the foresters, deforestation, mining, and hunting stopped in Kedrovaya Pad, and soon the reserve itself was created.

More than 900 species of plants grow here; some of them are not found anywhere except the "Kedrovaya Pad". Forests occupy 73% of the area of ​​the reserve. Particularly noteworthy are black fir forests, which are almost impossible to find anywhere else. The black fir, which got its name from its dark bark, is the largest tree in the world. Far East. The fauna of the reserve is also diverse - from the flying squirrel to the Far Eastern leopard, listed in the Red Book.

• Square: 134 thousand ha
• Location: Samara Region
• Foundation date: April 28, 1984
• Animal world: bat, golden eagle, elk, roe deer

There are about 200 natural historical monuments, among them mounds, mountains and caves. The park is also rich in archaeological finds. For example, burial mounds of the 7th-8th centuries and traces of the Murom town, settlements of the 9th-13th centuries were found on the territory of the Samarskaya Luka.

More than 30,000 bats live in old adits in the park - 15 species in total, some of which are listed in the Red Book. Many tourists, when visiting the galleries, made noise, kindled fires, took pictures of animals. Since bats are very sensitive, human intervention ended in death for many. To preserve the animal population, park officials have limited access to adits. However, the Park Science and Technology Council decided to create a "Bat Museum" so that visitors can still get to know the lifestyle of bats and their role in nature.

• Square: 1,462.37 km2
• Location: Smolensk region
• Foundation date: April 15, 1992
• Animal world: beaver, squirrel, mink, golden eagle

There are 35 glacial lakes on the territory of the park - hence the name "Smolensk Lakeland". This national park seeks not only to protect nature, but also to engage in environmental education activities. "Smolenskoye Poozerye" gladly accepts tourists, organizes cultural events: bard song festivals, marches, excursions. For example, in spring and autumn, a competition in sports ornithology is held among the guests of the park - this, roughly speaking, is a photo hunting for birds.

Sixty-five plant species of the "Smolensk Poozerie" are listed in the Red Book Smolensk region, 10 of them - in the Red Book of Russia. Also rare are 26 species of birds and six species of mammals in the park.

• Square: 6,621 ha
• Location: Kaliningrad region
• Foundation date: November 6, 1987
• Animal world: elk, wild boar, roe deer, fox, badger, finch, starling

In the north, the Curonian Spit Park adjoins the Russian-Lithuanian border. This is a favorite vacation spot for Kaliningraders and guests. Kaliningrad region: despite its small size, the Curonian Spit is one of the most visited national parks in the country. Once upon a time, Scandinavians, Germans, and Balts lived on its territory. Therefore, the "Curonian Spit" keeps a lot of archaeological monuments from different eras: burial grounds, sites, traces of ancient settlements.

The Curonian Spit can be called a "museum of natural areas" - after all, on its territory you can find a variety of landscapes, from birch forests to sand dunes. And only here you can see the "dancing forest": the pines planted in the park in the 60s of the XX century are fancifully bent, resembling the figures of dancing people.

• Square: 1,585 km²
• Location: Novgorod region
• Foundation date: May 17, 1990
• Average temperature: in January -10 °C, in July +16…+17 °C
• Animal world: elk, marten, lynx, otter, bear, hare, badger, fox

Valdai National Park got its name from the city of Valdai, which is over 500 years old. In addition to 82 archaeological sites, the park is notable for architectural and architectural monuments - these are ancient estates, a monastery of the 17th century, a church of the 18th century. Since the park is located close to Moscow and St. Petersburg, it is one of the most visited in Russia. Eighty-six percent of the area is occupied by forests, where spruce, birch, and pine mainly grow.

Valdai National Park holds many exhibitions and environmental education events, for example, game quests for schoolchildren. During the competition, children must carefully study the information about the park in order to find the treasure.

• Square: 659 thousand ha
• Location: Irkutsk region
• Foundation date: December 5, 1986
• Average temperature: in January -15 °C, in July +14 °C
• Animal world: bear, deer, lynx, wolf, white-tailed eagle, black stork

You can get to the Baikal-Lena Reserve only by water, by boat. The attraction of the reserve is the coast of brown bears. In May, from a ship or an observation tower, you can see how the owners of the taiga walk along the coastline. On the territory of the reserve there are also the oldest volcanoes in the world - they are more than a thousand million years old!

More than 300 species of vertebrates, more than 240 species of birds and 100 species of butterflies live in the reserve. In the administrative building of the Baikal-Lena Reserve, which is located in Irkutsk, there is a museum of nature and a visitor-information center.

• Square: 303.8 km²
• Location: Chelyabinsk region
• Foundation date: May 14, 1920
• Average temperature: in January -21 °C, in July +18 °C
• Animal world: stoat, forest polecat, hare, brown bear, flying squirrel, wolf

The Ilmensky Reserve is interesting not only for tourists, but also for geologists. On its territory there are deposits of precious stones and rare minerals: sapphire, zircon, topaz, aquamarine. It was here that 16 minerals were first discovered. Since 1930, a mineralogical museum has been open to visitors, which presents more than 200 minerals found in the reserve.

Since 1935, not only minerals, but also plants and animals have been protected in the reserve. You can get to the Ilmensky Reserve by car from Chelyabinsk or by public transport from Miass.

National parks were invented by the Americans in 1872. In Russia, the period of their formation is quite short, they began to be created only in the 80s of the XX century. There are currently 55 of them. Unlike, they are designed to perform not only environmental, but also recreational functions.

More and more travelers today prefer ecotourism and choose places where they can merge with nature, get acquainted with the sights of the region, the history and culture of its peoples.

Ecotours often include elements active tourism- cycling, river rafting, mountain trekking. Tourism and recreation in national parks provide an excellent opportunity for people who are tired of the noise of city life to take a break from the polluted atmosphere, plunge into the world of wildlife, and restore the body's defenses.

The nature of Russia is the most famous and largest national parks!

Beautiful places for recreation and tourism. Natural attractions - a list, photos with names and a brief description

curonian spit

The park was founded in 1987. In the Kaliningrad region there is only South part spit, northern - in Lithuania. Large forest areas are combined here with sand dunes. Among the interesting sights are the Dancing Forest, the Natural Museum, the Swan Lake, the dunes of Muller and Efa, the ornithologists station. Among the archaeological sites are ancient settlements, fragments of fortifications, burial grounds, old fishing villages. Lots of hotels and camp sites.

Lena Pillars

Located in Yakutia, on the banks of the Lena. Received national status in 2018. The main asset is vertically elongated limestone cliffs that stretch along the river for tens of kilometers. Their age is 400 thousand years. Rock paintings and runic writings were found on them. Water routes are popular, but there are also trails to the very tops of the cliffs where viewing platforms. Another attraction of the park is the sand dunes in the desert - tukulans.

Baikal

Is located in Irkutsk region, on the western shore of Lake Baikal. Founded in 1986, has an area of ​​417 thousand hectares. Bays and bays of the Small Sea, a complex of salt lakes, majestic cliffs and karst caves, Dry lake, which sometimes disappears, the warmest bay on Baikal Peschanaya. The park is rich in archaeological sites, such as ancient settlements, fragments of stone walls, rock paintings, wooden ritual pillars and burial grounds.

Zyuratkul

Is located in Chelyabinsk region near the city of Satka. Year of foundation - 1993. The main natural resources - mountain ranges and rivers, Lake Zyuratkul, huge remains of Medvedi, an artesian spring with a fountain, Elm Grove, Makshantseva Glade with thickets of lingonberries and blueberries. Climbing routes to Bolshoy Nurgush, the highest point in the region, the mountains of Golyaya Sopka and Lukash are popular among mountain tourism enthusiasts. The park is equipped with campsites and recreation centers.

Vodlozersky

Located on the territory of Karelia and Arkhangelsk region. Formed in 1991. Forest taiga tracts are one of the largest in Eurasia. Many swamps with medicinal plants, berries and mosses. The pearl of the park is Lake Vodlozero, 400 km long. One of the best fishing spots in Karelia. You can take a walk along it on the old boat "Saint Elijah". A lot of ancient Russian monuments- peasant huts, estates, chapels, temple complex Ilyinsky churchyard.

Taganay

Located in the Chelyabinsk region, near the city of Zlatoust. Date of foundation - 1991. For the magnificence of local landscapes, it is called Russian Switzerland. The main attractions are high mountain ranges, bizarre remnant rocks, a large placer stone river, ancient mineral mines, a complex of swamps. Popular with tourists are the Three Brothers rocks, the May glades and the Valley of Fairy Tales - an undersized spruce forest with berry glades and remnants in the form of fairy-tale characters.

Elk Island

Located in Moscow and the Moscow region, established in 1983. Since ancient times, the lands have been used as royal hunting grounds. 80% of the territory is covered with forests. Worthy of attention is Alekseevskaya grove, which is 250 years old. Lots of reservoirs. Of the animals - wild boars, deer, elk. Many historical monuments - barrows, ancient settlements, churches, fragments of palace buildings, arch bridge XVIII century. There are areas for recreation and sports. The Museum "Russian Life" was opened.

Khibiny

It is located on the Kola Peninsula in the Murmansk region. It received the status of a national park only at the beginning of 2018. located here Khibiny mountains- mineralogical museum open sky. Lots of rare plants. It is planned to create necessary conditions for the conservation of wild reindeer, since their number is decreasing every year. On the territory there are many sacred places of the Saami - the indigenous small people of the North.

Yugyd-va

One of the largest parks on the UNESCO list. It occupies an area of ​​about 2 million hectares. Operates in Komi since 1994. Ural taiga combined with alpine meadows. There are many abandoned parking lots, places where the Old Believers lived after the church reform in the country. There are several recreation centers. Tourists are offered to get acquainted with the life of nomadic reindeer herders, to try National dishes, ride on reindeer. For lovers of mountain trekking - climbing the mountains of Naroda and Manaraga.

Alanya

Is in North Ossetia, on the slopes of the Caucasus. Founded in 1998. Most of covered with rocks, talus and glaciers. It is rich in historical monuments - ancient sites in caves, burial grounds, sanctuaries, fragments medieval towers. Excursions to the Chifandzar mountain swamp, a complex of waterfalls, and the Tan glacier are popular. Rare animals are the Caucasian leopard, mountain goat tour, Persian leopard. You can get to the park only by one road through the Akhsinta canyon.

Russian Arctic

Within the park - north island and several islands of Novaya Zemlya, as well as a reserve on the territory of Franz Josef Land in the Arkhangelsk Territory. Date of foundation - 2009. The main inhabitants are the bowhead whale, seal, colonies of polar bears, narwhal, Atlantic walrus, numerous arctic birds. You can see the Northern Lights. Objects cultural heritage– campsites of Willem Barents and Russian polar explorers. Visiting the park - on icebreakers and yachts.

Samarskaya Luka

Is in Samara region, in the area of ​​the Volga bend around the picturesque Zhiguli mountains. Founded in 1984. It is rich in archaeological sites, including settlements of the Iron and Bronze Ages, ancient settlements of the Volga Bulgars, burial mounds, burial grounds, etc. Repin's house-museum was opened in the village of Shiryaevo, in Bolshaya Ryazan - ethnographical museum. A network of tourist routes has been laid, of which the most famous is the Zhigulevskaya round-the-world boat trip.

Sochi

Organized in 1983 in the territory Greater Sochi. The main natural attractions are waterfalls, caves, canyons, mineral springs, the Sochi Arboretum. There are more than a hundred historical and cultural monuments - the remains of fortresses and temples, ancient settlements, mounds, sites of primitive people, military obelisks, etc. In the village of Monastery there is a center for the revival of the population of the Persian leopard, included in the Red Book.

Russian North

It is located 120 km from Vologda. Year of creation - 1992. Rich in forests, as well as lakes and rivers belonging to the Volga and White Sea. A large number of architectural, archaeological and historical monuments are presented - Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements, ancient monasteries and churches, historical villages, ancient trade and migration routes. More than 10 routes have been laid in the park, the most popular among tourists and pilgrims is through Mount Maura.

Alkhanay

The surroundings of Mount Alkhanai in Buryatia were declared a national park in 1999. It is believed that there was an outpost of Genghis Khan on the mountain. For Buddhists, these are sacred lands, the Dalai Lama himself meditated here, temples are equipped in the caves. At the top of Alkhanai, the crater is filled with water, which is considered healing. Mud volcanoes and mineral springs are found in the vicinity of the mountain. There are many archeological monuments – sites of ancient people, paintings on rocks, burial places of the Huns.

Kenozersky

Located in the Arkhangelsk region, 90 km from Kargopol. Organized in 1990. Main attraction - picturesque lakes. The largest are Kenozero and Lakshmozero. Vegetation is represented by 534 species, especially valuable - from the orchid family. There are more than a hundred historical and cultural monuments - ancient churches, peasant huts, hydraulic structures, worship crosses, chapels and holy groves. Water-walking routes and kayaking are popular.

Valdai

It occupies an area of ​​150 thousand hectares in the Novgorod region. Founded in 1990. 90% of the land belongs to forests. About 20 rivers and 70 lakes. There are many historical monuments - sites of ancient tribes, burial mounds, hills, settlements, ancient estates, the best examples of church architecture. There is a hydroelectric power station and a fishing factory - one of the first in the country. Hotels, recreation centers, about 80 tent camps are open for tourists. The park includes 151 settlements.

Crimean

The status of a national park was granted in 2018. It occupies an area of ​​34 thousand hectares. Here are the highest Mountain peaks Crimean ridge, vast forests, rivers, about 300 mountain springs, some of them healing. One of the picturesque corners of the park is a trout farm. Also noteworthy are the Gazebo of the Winds, abandoned coal mines, the Museum of Partisan Glory, a monastery, and burials of ancient Taurus.

Sengileevsky mountains

Organized in 2017 on the territory Ulyanovsk region. The main natural resources mountain ranges 22 km long, a large area of ​​mixed forests and steppes. In the rivers there is a rare brook trout. Another Red Book inhabitant of the park is the bobak marmot. According to the legend, the treasures of Stepan Razin are safely hidden in the mountain Grannoe ear. Among the archaeological sites is the ancient settlement of nomads Arbugim.

Tunkinsky

Organized on the territory of Buryatia, in the Tunkinskaya valley, in 1991. The main natural assets are lakes and volcanoes, chalk mountains, the "marble bottom" of the Kyngarga River, numerous mineral springs - arshans, near which sanatoriums are built. Also noteworthy is the Buryat settlement, the ethnographic museum, Buddhist temple. Popular routes are laid through the mountains of Munku-Sardyk and Altan-Mundarga, revered by the locals.

Bashkiria

92 thousand hectares of majestic forests, deep caves, mountain rivers and streams in the southeast of Bashkiria, on the slopes Southern Urals. Year of foundation - 1986. Interesting natural objects - a 35-meter karst bridge formed by underground river, caves and tunnels of the Kutuk tract with numerous underground passages and halls, stalactites and cave pearls, Bear meadow with thickets of a meter-long relic onion. Sanatoriums and recreation centers were built on the banks of the Nugush reservoir.

Beringia

It is located in the east of Chukotka, in the vicinity of the Bering Strait. In 2013 received federal status. It is famous for bird markets - about 200 species of birds, and rookeries of sea pinnipeds. Archaeological monuments are represented by Paleolithic sites, structures made of whale bones, and items made from walrus tusks. The population is Chukchi and Eskimos. Tourists are invited to visit national holidays and the opportunity to purchase bone souvenirs.

Oryol Polissya

It is located on the territory of two districts of the Oryol region, founded in 1994. The largest forests in the region, about 300 species of animals, more than 800 species of plants. The European bison is bred, an open-air zoo with camels, ostriches, mouflons, bison, etc. has been organized. The Turgenev Museum has been opened, its “Notes of a Hunter” is dedicated specifically to the Oryol Polesie. There are several archaeological sites, a route has been developed to the places of military events.

Paanajärvi

Founded in 1992. Located in the north of Karelia, on the border with Finland. 104 thousand hectares of wild nature and not a single settlement. Small but very deep lake Paanajärvi with its abundance of fish is the pearl of the park. No less delightful are red rocks, stepped waterfalls, rivers with many rapids, more than a hundred lakes. Popular routes through the Nuorunen and Kivakka mountains, covered with silver reindeer moss. You can only get there by car.

Bikin

It is located in Primorsky Krai, in the basin of the Bikin River. Organized in 2015, is on the UNESCO heritage list. The main tasks are to preserve the virgin forests of the Ussuri taiga and the Amur tiger population. On the territory of the park, mostly in the village of Krasny Yar, small indigenous peoples of Russia live - Nanai and Udege. To get acquainted with their way of life, traditions and crafts, special ethnotours are organized.

Buzuluk forest

It is located in a deep basin on the territory of two regions - Orenburg and Samara. This site, according to approximate data, is 6-7 thousand years old. It received the status of a national park in 2007. More than 2/3 of the forest area is occupied by pines. Some are over 300 years old. 10 hectares of the park is occupied by an arboretum. The building of Borovoy Experimental Forest Station - a monument wooden architecture. Many reservoirs, allowed fishing. There is an excursion to the apiary.

Land of the leopard

Located in Primorsky Krai. Created in 2012, the main goal is to protect the Far Eastern leopard, the smallest of the cat family in the world. Other inhabitants include spotted deer, red deer, Amur tigers, and Ussuri marten. The main route of the park offers an acquaintance with the wildlife of the region, the life of predators, places of military events. The first ecological tunnel for the safe movement of animals was built here.

Kislovodsk

Located in the southern part of the city in the valley of the Olkhovka river. National status - since 2017. Among the interesting natural objects are the Valley of Roses, Blue, Red and Gray stones, Narzan Gallery, Pine Hill, Mirror Pond. There are also many original architectural structures - Lermontov's site, the monument to Pushkin, the Temple of the Air, the flower calendar, the Red Sun pavilion. Several routes for therapeutic and health-improving walking have been laid along the park.

Transbaikal

Located in Buryatia, in the Baikal region. Created in 1986. It includes natural objects - the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula with grottoes, the Ushkany Islands with huge seal rookeries, the Barguzinsky Bay with a 26-kilometer sandy beach, the islands of the Chivyrkuisky Bay with bird colonies, several salt lakes. There are also historical objects– ancient nomad camps, settlements, fragments of an ancient irrigation system. The nearest village is Ust-Barguzin.

Ladoga skerries

A picturesque natural complex of large and small rocky islands on Ladoga, in the Republic of Karelia. Such a skerry landscape has no analogues in Europe. The area is 122 thousand hectares. The date of creation of the park is 2017. Habitat of the Red Book Ladoga ringed seal. Numerous monuments of federal significance - ancient sites, settlements, burial grounds of the period of the 6th-4th centuries. BC e. Also of interest are the buildings of the XIX century of the historical part of the city of Sortavala.

Meshchera

It is located in the Vladimir region, in the vicinity of Gus-Khrustalny. Founded in 1992. On the territory there is a large tourist center, a museum of nature, an open-air museum of local lore with Russian huts and ancient buildings where they carry out National holidays and animation programs. Short and multi-day routes along ecological trails are popular. For children, a fairy tale trail has been created with the most famous and beloved fairy tale characters.

Nechkinsky

Created in Udmurtia, on the Kama, in the vicinity of the Votkinsk reservoir. Natural resources- taiga and mixed forests, forest-steppes, lakes and springs with clear water. Specially protected natural monuments are a complex of peat bogs and the Sidorov mountains, where dinosaur remains were found. Among the archaeological sites are the sites of the ancient people of the Neolithic period, the settlements of the Iron Age. In the village of Nechkino there is a large sports and tourist center.

Lower Kama

It is located in Tatarstan, in the lower reaches of the Kama. Date of foundation - 1991. It is rich in forests and a chain of forest lakes, large areas of floodplain meadows. The two most popular routes are through the places where famous paintings by the artist Shishkin were created and along the three rivers of the park in kayaks. Archaeological sights - Yelabuga settlement with fragments ancient fortress, the mysterious Devil's settlement, ancient sites and burial grounds of the 8th-3rd centuries. BC.

Onega Pomorie

It is located in the Arkhangelsk region, on the territory of the Onega Peninsula. Founded in 2013. The main wealth is wild taiga forests, numerous bird lands, and rare marine pinnipeds. Also, a valuable deep-sea mollusk lives here - European pearl mussel. Noteworthy are historical and archaeological sites - sites and stone structures, created 7000 years ago, the remains of the Solovetsky Kremlin, 3 lighthouses of the 19th century, fragments of an agar plant.

Lake Pleshcheyevo

Park on the coast of Lake Pleshcheyevo Yaroslavl region. Created in 1988. On its territory is the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky. Among the historical and natural monuments are the ancient settlement of Kleshchino, the ancient shrine of the Blue Stone, the place on Mount Gremyach, where the first flotilla of Peter I was built, the healing springs of the great martyr Barbara, Prishvin's house, and the arboretum. The lake is popular among fans of windsurfing and kiting. Hotels and recreation centers were built around it.

Elbrus region

Created in Kabardino-Balkaria, at the foot of Elbrus, in 1986. It is popular among lovers of skiing, mountaineering, mountain biking. There are 6 villages on the territory, more than 20 recreation centers are open. Most Popular tourist routes- to the mountains of Elbrus, Cheget, Gud-mountain, to the Valley of the Narzans. Also noteworthy are waterfalls, the Valley of stone "castles", stone "mushrooms", lava sculptures.

Sailyugemsky

Located in the Republic of Altai. Year of establishment - 2010. The pride of the park - more than a dozen individuals of the snow leopard, the largest population of argali sheep species - argali and quite rare brown bears of light color. Local population, Altai-Telengits, breed camels and yaks, and are engaged in ancient crafts. There are several local history museums. Archaeological monuments include an ancient observatory, barrow complexes, runes and rock paintings.

call of the tiger

Year of establishment - 2007. Located in the south-east of Primorsky Krai. 96% of the territory is covered with forests. Habitat of the Red Data Book Amur tigers, the Far Eastern forest cat and 50 other species of mammals. You can meet the rarest bird in the country - the fish owl. Popular routes are climbing the highest mountain in the region, Cloudy, as well as Snezhnaya, Brata, Sister, and into the valley of the Milogradovka river, to mountain waterfalls. The nearest villages are Lazo and Chuguevka.

Smolensk Lakeland

The territory of the park in the north-west of the Smolensk region is 80% covered with forests, but its main pride is more than three dozen picturesque and very ancient lakes. Sapsho is the largest and most beautiful of them, on its shore there is a sanatorium, a museum-estate of Przhevalsky, several holy springs. The park includes more than a hundred archaeological monuments - settlements, barrows, Neolithic sites, traces of the ancient city of Verzhavsk, founded in the 12th century.

Shantar Islands

The archipelago in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk has been a national park since 2013. Almost deserted, the main inhabitants are whales, killer whales, pinnipeds, sea birds, bears. In the rivers there are large spawning grounds for salmon, very rare mykizha fish are found. There are deposits of jasper, marble, quartzites, rhodonites. There is a weather station on the premises. The nearest settlements of Chumikan and Tugur are 100 km away. Tours are organized from Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

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ON RESERVES AND NATIONAL PARKS

1. Fill in the table using the textbook.

Reserves and national parks of Russia

2. Write a summary for your assignment report on p. 119 textbook.

Nature reserves and national parks are specially protected natural areas. In our country, they are created in every natural zone in order to preserve rare plants and animals.

In the Arctic zone - the reserve "Wrangel Island". Its inhabitants: polar bears, walruses, musk oxen.

In the tundra - Taimyr Reserve. Its inhabitants: wild reindeer, musk oxen.

Many nature reserves are located in the forest zone (see table above). Rare animals of this zone: bison, elks, wild boars, beavers and other animals and birds.

In the zone of steppes and forest-steppes there are reserves: Central Chernozemny, Rostov, Orenbugrgsky, Daursky.

In the zone of semi-deserts and deserts, there are reserves: "Black Lands", "Astrakhansky Reserve". Rare animals and birds: saiga, belladonna, bustard.

The Sochi National Park and the Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve are located in the subtropical zone.

3. If possible, do it online virtual journey on the reserve (national park). Prepare a post about it. Write down the basic information for your message.

The Barguzinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve is located in Buryatia, on the territory of the Severo-Baikal region. It is the oldest nature reserve in Russia. It was established in 1917 as a sable reserve to preserve and increase the number of sable. It's the only one state reserve country, established before the October Revolution of 1917.

Situated on western slopes Barguzinsky Range (2840 m), including the northeastern coast and part of the water area of ​​Lake Baikal. The area of ​​the reserve is 374,322 hectares, including 15,000 hectares of Baikal's protected water area.

The reserve preserves all natural complexes inhabited by elk, musk deer, white hare, brown bear, shrews, black-capped marmot - a total of 41 species of mammals. In the waters of the reserve there are Baikal omul, whitefish, sturgeon, grayling, taimen, lenok and other fish species.

Few things compare to the magic and splendor of the African wilderness. Hardly any other national park in the world can match South Africa's Kruger Game Reserve in terms of its pristine countryside, wildlife and vastness of area.

The Kruger National Park has some of the best safari in the world. In one place you can see a wide range of the largest mammals on earth, a large number of birds, large predators and their prey. If you are a wildlife lover, then this is definitely the place for you.

Sagarmatha National Reserve, Nepal

High and majestic in the Himalayas, Nepal's Sagarmatha Reserve contains three of the ten highest mountains in the world, including Everest. Endless glaciers, breathtaking valleys with pristine snow make natural Park Sagarmatha is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. And, of course, for wildlife lovers not to visit this alpine reserve means to lose something important.

Fiordland Reserve, New Zealand

If you are a fan of magnificent fjords and boat trips, then this is the place to visit. The main attraction is Milford Sound, but in addition, the other 14 fjords with the most romantic scenery make this park unique place, unlike any other nature reserve in the world.

Galapagos Islands National Park, Ecuador

With amazing scenery surrounded by clear blue water, the Galapagos Islands are a haven for exotic animals and wildlife. Unique atmosphere islands is of historical and scientific value. Recently, eco-tourism initiatives have been strongly supported here.

Tikal National Park, Guatemala

Traveling to Tikal National Park is first and foremost a means to explore the Mayan heritage. Nestled in the wild jungle, Tikal hides fantastic ruins of Mayan settlements that date back to around 250-900 AD. Even what remains from those times strikes the imagination of tourists amazing architecture temples and a variety of different wild animals. Tikal is a place for amazing adventures and unforgettable experiences.

Reserve "Yellow Dragon", China

The calcium sediment here creates the illusion of gold, which gave the name to this place - "Yellow Dragon". Also, this reserve is home to a cute, world-famous panda - the symbol of WWF.

The area features a unique closed ecosystem with waterfalls, hot springs, virgin forests and caps of snow on mountain tops, home to endangered species such as Sichuan gold monkeys and giant pandas. "Yellow Dragon" is a real mecca for photographers from all over the world.

Iguazu National Reserve, Argentina

The protected area, which is included in the World Heritage, is the most impressive place in Brazil and Argentina. Imaginative waterfalls over 70 meters high and 1500 meters wide are home to the best views fauna South America. Views of the surrounding sub rainforests no one will be left indifferent.

Kakadu National Wildlife Refuge, Australia

The Kakadu National Wildlife Refuge is located on the territory Northern Australia. This quintessentially Australian landscape is one of the few World Heritage Sites, both for its natural and cultural significance.

The reserve extends over 3.2 million acres and includes several areas of traditional indigenous peoples of the continent. The wonderful South Alligator rivers, coastal beaches, rainforests and monsoon winds make national reserve Kakadu is a desirable place to visit.

Folk Reserve, Switzerland

Although Switzerland is best known for the magic of the Alps, it is home to the only national reserve that is nonetheless worth a visit. The Swiss National Park was created in 1914 and is inhabited by a huge variety of interesting animals such as chamois, ibex, golden eagle or bearded vulture. Rivers, peaks of snowy mountains and alpine valleys represent nature in its most picturesque manifestations.

Machu Picchu, Peru

The majestic Machu Picchu has been Peru's most popular tourist destination for many years. No matter how many times a tourist has been here to enjoy the majesty of the ancient monuments, traveling in the footsteps of the Incas always brings excitement, adventure and mystery.

Different parts of Russia impress with their beauties: from volcanoes and hills of Kamchatka to a dancing forest curonian spit. In such places, reserves and national parks of Russia are located, the number of which has exceeded a hundred. Although this is clearly not enough for such a vast country as ours, therefore, rare species of fauna and flora continue to disappear. It is unlikely that anyone will be able to visit all Russian reserves, but when traveling around the country it is always worth visiting the nearby corners of untouched nature.

1. Altai Reserve

Since 1998, the Altai Reserve has been included by UNESCO in its World Heritage List, and since 2009 it has been present in World Wide Web biosphere reserves of the program "Man and the Biosphere". It is also included in the list of 200 little-changed or virgin world regions, where 90% of the Earth's biofund is represented. The Altai Reserve includes three natural zones and five physiographic regions.
Here are almost all altitudinal belts Gorny Altai: subalpine midlands and alpine meadow highlands, lowlands and midlands overgrown with taiga, tundra highlands and midlands, highlands covered with ice and snow, tundra-steppe highlands. 34% of the territory of the reserve is covered by forests located in the valleys and middle mountains, in the lower reaches of the sloping crests. The lower boundary of the forest starts from the level of Lake Teletskoye (436 m), and the upper one at different places differs: if in the southeast it falls at a height of 2000-2200 m, then in the northwest it drops to 1800-2000 m.

2. Curonian Spit National Park

This national park is located in the border zone with the Republic of Lithuania in the Kaliningrad region. The Curonian Spit is a very long and narrow strip of land separating salty waters. Baltic Sea and fresh water Curonian Lagoon. In the north, the park rests on the Russian-Lithuanian border. The uniqueness of the nature of this area lies in the fact that the Curonian Spit is the largest sand bar in the world.
The local dune landscapes are amazingly beautiful, they make an indelible aesthetic impression on a person, so this place has a unique potential for the development of eco-tourism, which is now fashionable here. This unique landscape of sand dunes is exceptional not only for its beauty, but also for its fragility, as it is constantly threatened by the forces of the natural elements of water and wind.
At one time, man had a devastating impact on the local ecosystem, which threatened the very existence of the Curonian Spit, but, fortunately, work on its stabilization began in the 19th century, which continues to this day, as a result of which the spit was restored. Now its territory has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List with appropriate protection.

On our planet there are such areas where a person experiences special sensations: a surge of energy, euphoria, a desire to improve or spiritually...

3. Baikal-Lensky Reserve

This state reserve covers an area of ​​660,000 hectares and is located in the Irkutsk region on the territory of Olkhonsky and Kachugsky districts. It stretches along the western coast of Baikal from north to south for almost 120 kilometers, and its average width is 65 kilometers. The Federal State Budgetary Institution "Zapovednoe Pribaikalye" has a total length of the coastline of almost 590 kilometers, stretching along the western coast of Lake Baikal from Cape Elokhin in the north to the village of Kultuk in the south. UNESCO in 1996 included the Baikal, Baikal-Lensky and Barguzinsky reserves in the World Heritage List. To date, the Pribaikalsky National Park and the Baikal-Lena Reserve have merged into a single scientific, environmental and tourist complex- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Reserved Baikal Region".

4. National Park Samarskaya Luka

In 1984, this national park was founded by order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, thus, it became one of the first three national parks organized in our country. The territory of the Samarskaya Luka is unique, it is formed by the bend of the Volga - the largest European river in its middle course and the Usinsky Bay Kuibyshev reservoir. At this point, the Volga lays a large arc in eastbound, after which it turns to the southwest. The length of this arc is about 200 kilometers. Here the ancient carbonate deposits are quite uplifted and form a semblance of an island.
A peculiar microclimate, unusual landforms resembling low mountains, a unique natural world and the blue ribbon of the Volga that envelops them - all this made Samarskaya Luka and Zhiguli known all over the world. There are a lot of cultural and historical monuments associated with the former inhabitants of the forest-steppe zone - from the Bronze and Early Iron Age to the present day. In total, about two hundred natural or historical monuments are located on the territory of the reserve. For archaeologists, these places are the Klondike.

Russia is huge, Russia is beautiful, Russia is diverse. It is the largest country in the world with an area of ​​more than 17 million square meters. km. Thanks to the occupied...

5. Lazovsky Reserve

The special value of this reserve lies in the presence of a grove of relic now pointed yew, located on Petrov Island. In addition, there are thickets of endemic - cross-pair microbiota and such rare animal species as the Amur tiger, Amur goral, Ussuri spotted deer.
The Lazovsky Reserve is located on the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, it is limited by the Chernaya and Kievka rivers. Ridge Zapovedny its territory is divided into continental northern part and coastal south. On average, local mountains have a height of 500-700 meters, only a few peaks rise to 1200-1400 m. The average steepness of local mountains is 20-25 degrees, they have flat but narrow ridges. There are a lot of stony placers in the mountains. In the east, the mountain spurs gradually go down to the sea, and the watershed ranges turn into low (no more than 100 meters) hilly ridges. On the territory of the Lazovsky Reserve, closer to its southern border, there are a couple of small islands - Beltsova and Petrov, both of which are overgrown with forest.

6. Reserve "Kedrovaya Pad"

This is the very first Far Eastern reserve and, in general, one of the oldest in the country. It was founded for the sake of studying and preserving undisturbed coniferous-deciduous liana forests, unique for our country, located in southern Primorye. They are home to many endemic and rare species of animals and plants. In particular, the Far Eastern leopard lives only in this reserve and near it. In 2004, UNESCO awarded the reserve the status of a biosphere reserve.
The local "black fir forests" - black fir and broad-leaved forests are especially valued. Here, on Mount Chalban, species grow in large numbers that are extremely rare in other Far Eastern regions, these include Komarov's currant and currant-leaved bloater. On the same mountain, a rocky primrose was first found, as well as species unknown to botany - the Ussuri corydalis and the Far Eastern violet. The Kedrovaya River, no more than 25 kilometers long, flows through the territory of the reserve, but it is this river that the world scientific community recognizes as the ideal of a clean river.

The territory of Russia is huge, so it is not surprising that dozens of waterfalls are scattered on it, in its most diverse corners. Some of them are so...

7. National Park "Smolenskoye Poozerye"

This national park was established in 1992 on the territory of the Smolensk region, in the Dukhovshchinsky and Demidovsky districts with the task of preserving natural complexes for scientific, educational, cultural and recreational purposes. In 2002, it received the status of a biosphere reserve under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program. The name Smolenskoye Poozerye appeared due to the presence of 35 glacial lakes different sizes, and each of these lakes is beautiful in its own way. On the map, the territory of the national park resembles a regular square: from north to south it stretches for 50 kilometers, and from east to west - for 50 kilometers. His geographic center came to the village of Przhevalskoe. Smolenskoye Poozerie has a total area of ​​over 146,200 hectares, in addition, there is also a 500-meter security zone that frames its borders.

8. Valdai National Park

This national park was created with the task of preserving the unique forest and lake complex on the Valdai Upland and at the same time creating conditions for development in this region. organized recreation. Here is an incredibly rich composition of natural components and their unique combination, they have a good degree of preservation, there is an opportunity to maintain ecological balance. In addition, the local landscapes are so beautiful that they leave no one indifferent. Therefore, on the territory of the Valdaisky National Park, protection operates in a differentiated regime, taking into account historical, cultural and natural features local places.
Several functional zones were identified here: a specially protected reserve, recreational, where controlled use of lakes and rivers is allowed, as well as a zone where visitors are allowed to serve. The national park is located in the north of the Valdai Upland, stretching from east to west for 45 kilometers, and from south to north for 105 kilometers. Its boundaries practically coincide with the boundaries of the catchment area of ​​Lakes Seliger, Valdai, Borovno, Velye and the upper reaches of the Polomet River.

As long as humanity remembers its history, so many daredevils existed who were attracted by the majestic mountain peaks. Romance mountaineering creatures...

9. Ilmensky Reserve

This one of the oldest nature reserves in the country was founded in 1920 in order to preserve rare mineral deposits. In 1935, it was made complex, adding to the protection of minerals also the flora and fauna of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals. Further, in 1991, "Arkaim" - the historical and archaeological branch, which has now become the "Stepnoy" forestry, joined it. This added the task of studying and preserving the ancient settlement of Arkaim, built at the time bronze age in the Bolshekaraganskaya valley. The Ilmensky reserve has remained the only mineralogical reserve in Russia, of which there are very few in the world.

10. Zabaikalsky National Park

This national park fully complies with the UNESCO recommendations for regulating activity in specially protected natural enclaves, which is not typical for Russia. It is located in a typical mountainous taiga area with mountainous terrain. Within its boundaries are the Barguzinsky Range, the Svyatonossky Range, the Ushkany Islands and the Chivyrkui Isthmus. From the southwest to the northeast, two mountain ranges stretch across the park. If the Barguzinsky Range gradually decreases from the reserve of the same name to Lake Barmashovoye, having highest point within the park is 2376 meters, then the Sredinny Ridge, which runs along the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula, gradually decreases from the middle with a maximum mark of 1877 meters in the north and south direction. The Svyatoy Nos Peninsula is connected by the Chivyrkui Isthmus with east coast Lake Baikal. The Big and Small Ushkany Islands are nothing but the peaks of the Akademichesky Ridge, which divides the Baikal depression into the northern and southern basins.