What is kmv. Resorts of the Caucasian mineral waters. Overview of the resorts of Essentuki, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, which are treated at the resorts of KMV

The Caucasian Mineral Waters (KMV) region is the largest balneological resort area Russia, one of the oldest health resorts.

There are more than 130 health resorts in the region of KavMinVody, the basis of treatment in which is the healing mineral waters and mud of the KMV resorts. On our website you will find the best resorts KMV, reviews on them and other useful information to help you choose a place to stay.

We offer the best prices, as we carefully select the most advantageous offers from hundreds of our partners who offer tours in the sanatoriums of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The prices for 2016 posted on this site are always up-to-date and do not have additional markups.

Each resort has its own specialization, depending on the characteristics of the healing springs located on its territory.

The most versatile resort of the CMS, and of Russia as a whole, is Pyatigorsk, on the territory of which there are about 50 sources of almost all types mineral waters, incl. hot and radon waters. The proximity of the lake Tambukan as a valuable source of brine and silt mud is an additional favorable factor, thanks to which the Pyatigorsk sanatoriums successfully specialize in the treatment of diseases of the peripheral nervous system, digestive organs, musculoskeletal system, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, skin diseases, gynecological and andrological diseases, metabolic disorders, occupational diseases (polyneuritis, vibration disease).

Essentuki differ in the deposit of carbonic chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium waters ("Essentuki-4" and "Essentuki-17") and hydrogen sulfide-carbonate sodium chloride-hydrocarbonate waters of medium mineralization, which are used for outdoor procedures and drinking. Sanatoriums Essentuki specialized on treatment diseases gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, liver, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders. According to the results of treatment, Essentuki is considered one of the most effective resorts of this profile in the world.

In the mud bath them. ON THE. Semashko, one of the largest in Europe, successfully treat diseases of the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, andrological and gynecological diseases.

Kislovodsk characterized by a deposit of low-mineralized carbonic waters - Kislovodsk Narzans, which are used for therapeutic baths and therapeutic drinking. Sanatoriums in Kislovodsk successfully combine balneotherapy and climatology; thanks to the mid-mountain climate, here for more than a hundred years they have been specializing in the effective treatment of bronchial asthma.

The Kislovodsk field is a source of carbonic low-mineralized waters, known as Kislovodsk Narzans (Narzans for short), which are used in the form of baths and for drinking cure. In Kislovodsk, a magnificent health path has been built with a total length of about 70 km, which includes 6 routes with strictly adjusted slope angles, distances and heights above sea level. Sanatoriums in Kislovodsk treat diseases of the digestive system, gynecological diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Zheleznovodsk has sources of carbonic low-mineralized sulfate-bicarbonate calcium-sodium mineral waters used in balneotherapy and for drinking treatment (the most famous are Smirnovskaya and Slavyanovskaya waters, which have unique properties). Sanatoriums of Zheleznovodsk specialize in the treatment of digestive organs, diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, andrological diseases, as well as gynecological diseases, diseases of the ENT organs and the musculoskeletal system.

All sanatoriums with treatment actively use not only mineral waters and therapeutic muds of Lake Tambukan, but also other non-drug methods of treatment: physiotherapy, exercise therapy, health paths, climatotherapy, massage, inhalations, psychotherapy, etc.

Many tourists go to the sanatoriums of KavMinVod with children, because this region is suitable for recreation and treatment not only for adults, but also for children. Vacationers of all ages can find interesting entertainment here. And, although there is no sea in the resort, the KavMinVod sanatoriums with a swimming pool are a great alternative to a beach holiday.

Attractions

Vacationers in any sanatorium of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody have the opportunity to visit all the main sights of the region with excursions. History buffs will be able to drive around Lermontov's memorable places in Pyatigorsk (Lermontov's grotto, Lermontov's house, the place of the poet's duel, etc.).

Offered study tours in the largest cities of the region: Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk with a tour of ancient buildings, churches, parks and galleries.

For fans active rest offers trips to Dombai and Elbrus, to the Cherek gorge, to Honey waterfalls, to the Terek stud farm, to Nalchik with a stop at Blue Lake and bathing in a thermal spring, wine tasting, traditional for the Caucasus.

It is better to choose and book a tour in advance, as there are practically no last-minute tours in the sanatorium of Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. Our company has been in the domestic tourism market for a long time, and we offer almost everything sanatoriums KMV- the official website of our company, as the official representative of all the proposed objects, contains only the best prices and special offers.

To travel to the sanatoriums of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, you need to take a Russian passport with you, for children under 14 years old - a birth certificate, certificates of preventive vaccinations and epidemiological environment. It is advisable to issue a sanatorium-resort card with confirmation of the diagnosis. Don't forget your compulsory health insurance card.

Historical reference

Medicinal properties local sources mineral waters were known in ancient times, but the peoples who inhabited these lands strictly guarded such valuable information, therefore, until the reign of Peter I, Russia did not know anything about the potential of the region.

The first mention of the healing properties of "sour water" refers only to the beginning of the 18th century, when the head doctor Schober explored the thermal springs on the Terek. After that, history did not retain any reliable descriptions, and only in the second half of the 18th century began scientific research on the “hot springs” and mud of Lake Baikal. Tambukan, and later Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Kumogorsk and narzan mineral waters.

The results of scientific expeditions aroused extreme interest of the Russian authorities, and in 1803 the Rescript of Alexander I was published on the structure of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, from which the official history of the creation of the resorts of the CMS is being conducted. The full development of the region as health resorts began in 1816, when A.P. Yermolov, who attached great national importance to the KavMinVody.

In the late XIX - early XX centuries. thanks to large state funding, the resorts of the KMS got the opportunity to compete with popular health resorts Western Europe: new hospitals, laboratories, parks, electric lighting appeared. By 1926, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk and Mineralnye Vody were given the status of cities, thanks to which the popularity of resorts increased even more.

The treatment of infertility in the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, as well as the treatment of the spine, became more and more popular. Not only ordinary citizens, but also famous people liked to relax in the CavMinVody.

The resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters received new development after the Second World War, in the 1950s, when significant state funds were again spent on the restoration and development of the region. Numerous health resorts, places of leisure appeared; actively introduced new methods of treatment. Were created sanitary zones with a single regime for all vacationers. The KMV resorts have become the country's largest health-improving region, and recreation and treatment in KavMinVody have become a desirable vacation format.

In 1992, by decree of B.N. Yeltsin, Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is recognized as a specially protected eco-resort region of the Russian Federation.

Landscape and climate

The resorts of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody form a single region-agglomeration occupying the territory of three subjects of the Russian Federation: Stavropol Territory (Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Lermontov, Mineralnye Vody, Georgievsk), Karachay-Cherkessia (Malokarachaevsky and Prikubansky districts) and Kabardino-Balkaria (Zolsky district).

The KavMinVod region is located in the steppe zone, interspersed with terraces and mountain slopes, among which the Mashuk, Zheleznaya, Beshtau, Zmeyka, and Byk mountains stand out. Only 90 km from the region is the highest mountain peak in Europe - Elbrus, which is perfectly visible from almost anywhere in the CavMinVod. Low mountain slopes are covered with dense forests, mainly of hornbeam and oak, as well as wild fruit trees: apple, cherry plum, pear.

In general, the climate on the territory of the KavMinVod is continental; the degree of continentality depends on the height of the resort above sea level. Thus, Kislovodsk, located in the south of the region, is considered the most favorable zone for climatology. Here a large number sunny days(328 days a year), low atmospheric pressure and low wind speeds; mild winters, comfortable warm summers and long, sunny, warm autumns. average temperature in January it is -3 -4°С; in July +19°С.

The resorts of Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk and Pyatigorsk are located in the zone with moderate rainfall and higher average annual temperature air. The average temperature in January is -4 -5°С; in July +22°С. On average, up to 600 mm of precipitation falls per year.

The main feature that distinguishes the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters is the numerous sources of mineral waters. personnel- only about 130, some of which are actively used for medicinal purposes. There are 4 large deposits of carbonic waters - Essentuki, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk and Pyatigorsk, whose waters are used both for drinking purposes and for external treatment in the sanatoriums of the KavMinVod. Rest and treatment based on healing natural ingredients significantly improve health and help in the treatment of many diseases.

Lake Tambukan is located 15 km from the city of Pyatigorsk, where rich deposits were discovered. therapeutic mud. Black sulphide mud and sulfate-chloride-sodium brine with high mineralization are supplied to all sanatoriums of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody.

In general, the combination of unique healing mineral springs, comfortable climate, picturesque landscapes and mountain air, saturated with phytoncides, make the KavMinVod region a unique climatic and balneological resort in Russia.

Located in the south of the European part of the USSR, almost at the same distance from the Black and Caspian Seas, the Kavminvod region is conveniently located relative to the populated areas of the country and has good transport links with them. In administrative terms, it is part of the Stavropol Territory of the RSFSR, occupying almost completely the Piedmont Region, part of Mineralovodsky, small sections of Georgievsky and Malokarachaevsky (Karachay-Cherkessskaya autonomous region) districts.

Population. Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is one of the densely populated territories of the North Caucasus (the average population density exceeds 150 people per 1 sq. km).

More than 400 thousand people live in cities and urban-type settlements - mostly Russians, Ukrainians, Armenians, Karachays, Circassians, Abazins, Ossetians, Kabardians and representatives of other peoples and nationalities of our country. The specialization of resorts also determines the specifics of employment.

The resort and tourism industry includes about 100 sanatoriums, boarding houses, camp sites, so every fourth of those working in the cities of the Caucasus Mineral Waters is employed at the enterprises of the industry. In general, more than half of the working population of the district is associated with servicing vacationers.

Mass at the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters became the profession of a doctor. In pre-revolutionary times, a few doctors lived here, most of them arrived here for a period holiday season. Now thousands of doctors and nurses are constantly busy at the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

Industry and agricultural production. The traditional industrial production in the area of ​​balneological resorts is the bottling of mineral waters. The first bottling of mineral water was carried out here in 1847 by order of Count Vorontsov - 300 bottles of Essentuki (No. 4) were poured. In 1873, bottling in Essentuki was resumed at a specially built water bottling plant. In 1896, a plant for the production of liquid carbon dioxide was built in Kislovodsk and narzan was bottled. In addition, they produced bottling of mineral waters from Slavyanovsky and Smirnovsky springs in Zheleznovodsk. In 1913, all enterprises of the Kavminvod produced 9.6 million bottles of mineral water. The production of narzan grew especially fast, which international exhibition in Reims (France) received the highest award. Most of products of mineral water bottling enterprises were exported to other regions of Russia and exported to the countries of Western Europe, Turkey and Iran.

Now three local factories and a workshop annually produce more than 200 million bottles of mineral water. healing waters Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Essentukov, Zheleznovodsk are known all over the world. In the future, with the construction of a new plant for bottling mineral water, the output of this product will almost double. The products of the Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk souvenir factories, the factory, who rested in Kavminvodaz, are taken to all corners of the country and abroad; "Souvenir" in Mineralnye Vody Souvenirs are also made by factories of art products, workshops at industrial plants. The range of products of these enterprises is wide - these are traditional glasses for drinking mineral water, and products made of cupronickel, horn, porcelain, crystal, carved caskets. Since 1896, the largest glass factory in the North Caucasus for the production of bottles for bottling mineral water has been operating in the village of Andzhievsky (near Mineralnye Vody).

Food products, clothing, knitwear, shoes, furniture, building materials, agricultural machinery - this is not a complete list of products manufactured by industrial enterprises of the Caucasus Mineral Waters.

Agriculture in this area is mainly focused on meeting the needs of vacationers. In its structure, the share of vegetable growing, dairy and meat animal husbandry is high. Resorts are major consumers of dietary meat. Powerful poultry farms operate in the suburbs, including Beshtaugorets, Koltsegorskaya, and Pyatigorskaya. They also provide a third of the eggs produced in the Stavropol Territory.

The district produces one sixth of the region's vegetables, one third of them - in greenhouses. Almost all winter in early spring fresh vegetables are delivered to the table of vacationers from the greenhouses "Teplichny", "Kislovodsky", etc. The largest enterprise of protected ground is the plant "Flowers of Stavropol", which supplies tens of thousands of flowers to the trade network of resorts and beyond. On farms foothill area annually produce tens of thousands of tons of milk, meat, vegetables, fruits to provide vacationers at the resorts.

Transport. An electrified Moscow-Baku highway with branches to Kislovodsk and Zheleznovodsk, an asphalt highway Rostov-Baku pass through the territory of the district. Mineralnye Vody Airport is connected by direct flights to all major centers Soviet Union. It took 13 days to get from Moscow to the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters in the last century. Nowadays, an airliner delivers passengers here from the capital in two hours. From airport to resort towns less than an hour by bus or taxi.

For a trip from the airport to the resort towns, you can use the services railway. You need to take the city bus to railway station in Mineralnye Vody, from where suburban trains go to Kislovodsk in 70 minutes, to Essentuki in 45 minutes and to Pyatigorsk in half an hour. Those who go on vacation to Zheleznovodsk need to change trains at the Beshtau station.

Caucasian Mineralnye Vody (Kavminvody, KMV) is a group of resorts of federal significance in the Stavropol Territory, which includes the resort towns of Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, and of course, the city of Mineralnye Vody itself. CMS is a specially protected ecological resort region Russian Federation. The region is located in the south of the European part of Russia, almost at the same distance from the Black and Caspian Seas.

In terms of the variety of mineral waters, the region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters has no equal not only in Russia, but throughout the world. Over 130 sources of mineral waters of 30 types have been identified on the territory of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 17, 2006 No. 14, the cities of Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk were given the status of resort cities of federal significance. Every year more than 700 thousand people are treated and have a rest at the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

City of Mineralnye Vody

The city of Mineralnye Vody is a small cozy town in the Stavropol Territory. Despite the name, in administrative center There are no healing springs in the Mineralnye Vody Okrug, they are all located in neighboring Zheleznovodsk, Lermontov, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki and Kislovodsk. The city serves as a kind of gate that annually passes hundreds of thousands of tourists to the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. It is here that the largest transport hub of the region is located - international Airport, railway interchange and federal highway.

The climate of the city is relatively dry, moist air masses from the Black Sea do not reach here, they are delayed by the Main Caucasian ridge. The city of Mineralnye Vody is located mainly in the steppe zone. One of the most interesting natural sights is the magmatic mountain Zmeyka. It attracts tourists not only with beautiful mountain landscapes and unique flora and fauna. On the slopes there are several holy springs and monuments of the Great Patriotic War, as well as adits and quarries. Often you can meet outdoor enthusiasts with climbing equipment. In Mineralnye Vody there are several temples and cathedrals that will be of interest to believers and those who want to get acquainted with the history, culture and architecture of the city. The main religious attraction is the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. Among its shrines are the relics of St. Theodosius of the Caucasus, the patron saint of these places.

Kislovodsk

Do you want to get into the "city of 365 sunny days a year"? Then go to Kislovodsk. It is an amazingly sunny city, surrounded by the picturesque slopes of the Caucasus Mountains, which protect it from strong winds. Here is the famous source of acidic mineral water "Narzan". Hence the "sour" name of the city - Kislovodsk. It is worth coming to Kislovodsk just for the sake of one resort park! It's not just a park, it's a whole amazing planet With beautiful rocks, seething waterfalls, green meadows and countless all kinds of plants and animals. The uniqueness of Kislovodsk is not only in healing mineral springs and beautiful park areas.

At one time, the most talented people who glorified our country rested and worked here: Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Mayakovsky, Gorky, Chaliapin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Glinka, Rachmaninov and others. Perhaps that is why the culture here is developed no worse than in the same St. Petersburg.

Ring Mountain is a favorite place for tourists. It got its name due to the hole that was formed in it by the winds. A magnificent panorama of Kislovodsk opens from the mountain. No less popular are the Honey Waterfalls in the Alikonovsky Gorge. The waterfalls got such a delicious name thanks to honey plants that bloom all summer in this valley. And the old-timers say that the main contribution to the sweet name of the waterfalls was made by hardworking bees, who opened their “factory” for the production of honey right in the mountain crevices. In Kislovodsk is the famous Lermontov rock. At its top there is a platform that ends with a steep cliff. It was this site that was the site of Pechorin's duel with Grushnitsky in the famous "Hero of Our Time". I believe you have no doubts and you will certainly visit this wonderful city!

Pyatigorsk

Most Big City- a resort of the Caucasus Mineralnye Vody region - Pyatigorsk. It was founded after the signing of the famous rescript by Alexander I in 1803. Pyatigorsk lies at the foot of Mount Mashuk at an altitude of 520 meters above sea level. The city is the oldest Russian balneological resort. The emergence of the city of Pyatigorsk is a kind of commercial project. high society from year to year traveled "to the waters" abroad, taking away a lot of money from the country. As soon as the Caucasian sources were recognized as healing, it was decided to found balneological resort on Russian territory and this project has been successful.

The best way to travel around Pyatigorsk is by tram. Not for the sake of economy, of course, but because the Pyatigorsk tram is an attraction in itself! This is the first electric tram in the territory modern Russia. Pyatigorsk is a storehouse of sights that will not leave you indifferent.

One of them is Lermontov's House. This is not even one house, it is a whole block of old, early 19th century buildings, “mothballed” in time and perfectly preserved to this day. Looking at them, one can imagine what Pyatigorsk looked like almost 200 years ago. In one of these same houses under a thatched roof, in the estate of Major Chilaev, Mikhail Lermontov settled in 1841. In fact, the poet lived in the "Lermontov's house" for only two months - the last in his life. You can honor the memory of the poet by visiting the place of his duel, located on the opposite slope of Mashuk. The monument to Lermontov was entirely raised with public money - they were collected by subscription for several years. The next attraction is the Aeolian Harp gazebo. This is an antique-style stone gazebo on a steep, rocky ledge of Mashuk. At all times, observation posts of troops were located on this site, since the approaches to Pyatigorsk are clearly visible from here. Its builders were the architects brothers Giuseppe and Giovanni Bernardazzi.

The location turned out to be so successful, and the views of the city and its environs opening from it are so charming that this modest-sized gazebo constantly attracted a lot of visitors. The gazebo is named after the ancient Greek god Eol, the lord of the winds. Another outstanding place is the building of the Pirogov baths hospital, which was built in 1914 on the site of a wooden barrack soldier's hospital. The outstanding Russian surgeon Nikolai Pirogov demonstrated to the doctors of the Caucasian Corps the method of using ether anesthesia for pain relief during surgery in the field. It was in the Caucasus that, for the first time in the history of medicine, Nikolai Pirogov began to operate on the wounded with ether anesthesia in the field. The hospital changed its name three times. In Pyatigorsk, there are still a huge number of places worth visiting. I hope you find it interesting and you will definitely want to see them for yourself.

Essentuki

In the steppe valley of the Podkumok River, the world-famous balneological resort of Essentuki is located. This is the youngest among the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Nature has generously endowed this land with amazing healing sources of mineral water, which cure diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system, gynecological diseases, diseases of the nervous system, organs of the musculoskeletal system. Thousands of people come here to improve their health and enjoy the beauties of this land. The waters of the healing salt-alkaline springs "Essentuki-4" and "Essentuki-17" are used for drinking treatment, baths, inhalations, irrigation. Here they also improve their health with the help of sulfide silt mud of the Tambukan Lake.

Among the most beautiful buildings cities - Upper mineral baths, made in the Russian Empire style with baroque elements. The building of the mud bath is also a real monument of architecture. It is decorated with massive columns, sculptures of ancient gods of healing and lions, beautiful bas-reliefs. Inside the mud bath is spacious, light, as well as many decorations and mythological sculptures.

The building of mechanotherapy, and now the Zander Institute, is more than a century old. A beautiful, light, elegant brown-pink structure with small turrets and domes on the roof, with wooden carvings and a huge vase above central entrance- just a real fairy-tale tower. one more interesting place Essentukov is a three-story former dacha of I. G. Zimin in the Art Nouveau style. Turrets of 2 and 4 floors adjoin its facade. Many windows of various sizes and a warm light yellow color give the massive structure a very welcoming look.

You can also see the dacha-museum of the famous surgeon Razumovsky, the estate of the itinerant artist Nikolai Yaroshenko and the dacha of Fyodor Chaliapin. As you can see, you won't be bored here! On this amazing friendly land, you can perfectly improve your health, recharge your batteries with vigor, energy and new impressions, as well as just relax in the greenery and flowers of the most wonderful parks.

Zheleznovodsk

Zheleznovodsk is the smallest of the listed resorts. There is no other reason to belittle his dignity. On the contrary, Zheleznovodsk is unique in many respects, as it is a well-known balneological resort of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, located at the foot of Zheleznaya Mountain, at an altitude of 570-650 m above sea level, in the valley of the small rivers Dzheymuk and Kuchuk. On the territory of the resort there are over 20 carbonic sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium mineral springs (Slavyanovsky, Smirnovsky), actively used in the treatment of diseases associated with the digestive and genitourinary systems.

Zheleznovodsk is an ideal resort for those who suffer from diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract; this is the specialization of the resort - the main profile of treatment. More precisely, one of them. The main profiles of treatment at the Zheleznovodsk resort include urological diseases and diseases of the nervous system. Related profiles - diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, ENT diseases, gynecological, pulmonological and dermatological. In addition, in Zheleznovodsk there are several sanatoriums where they undertake to treat diabetes, but - pay attention! - only at an early stage, when sugar-lowering drugs are not yet needed.

Treat in Zheleznovodsk, of course, with mineral water. It is used for oral administration, inhalation, baths and other water procedures. Local waters are also bottled - they are produced under the brands "Smirnovskaya" and "Slavyanovskaya", according to the names of the sources. These mineral waters are very popular and even exported, only few people know that they are bottled in Zheleznovodsk. The Smirnovsky spring is named after Dr. Semyon Alekseevich Smirnov, chairman of the Russian Balneological Society: he cleared this spring, long known to the locals, and studied its properties. Now a rather large pump-room has been erected over the Smirnovsky spring. The Slavyanovsky spring bears the name of its discoverer, the outstanding hydrologist and mining engineer Nikolai Nikolaevich Slavyanov. Above Slavyanovsky there is also a pump-room in the classical style.

The oldest source of Zheleznovodsk is Lermontovsky. It was opened in 1810 by Dr. Fyodor Petrovich Gaaz, and the history of the city began from this event. Lermontov really came to this source, which was still practically not equipped. As for Dr. Gaaz, Zheleznovodsk owes him not just "a lot" - there would be no resort without Haaz.

Zheleznovodsk also owes its name, not very romantic and resort, to Gaaz, or rather, to one of his delusions. The reddish-rusty sediment that the doctor noticed around the springs was attributed to the presence of a high concentration of iron in the water. In fact, this is a mistake, and there is relatively little iron here. But the name stuck, and dear resort town with unique "healing factors" remained with a name that evokes thoughts more about a mine in the Urals than about rest and treatment. Not only the waters and the city became iron, but also the mountain on the slopes of which Zheleznovodsk stands.

It is here that the only forest park in the Caucasian Mineral Waters is located. natural origin, in which plants of the steppe, forest and subalpine belts grow. The climate in Zheleznovodsk is mountain-steppe, moderately dry. Clean ionized air and dense oak-hornbeam and beech forests protect this resort from the exhausting summer heat. There are many active and excursion routes acquainting with the unique sights of the Caucasus.

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	Essentuki, city	10 average price: 2 261 rubles.
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	Essentuki, city
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Caucasian Mineral Waters– eco-resort region with speaking name. The lands of the Northern Ciscaucasia are indeed full of mineral springs - in such quantity and variety as here, mineral waters are not found anywhere else in the world. In the bowels of the mountains-laccoliths, rocky ridges, terraces descending to the river valleys, and in the expanses of the foothill steppes, self-flowing sources of hydrogen sulfide waters, Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk narzans, gush out of the ground, drinking water type "Essentuki", "Smirnovskaya" and "Slavyanovskaya". In addition to the springs, there are therapeutic muds of Lake Tambukan and vast forests in the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

The resorts of Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk need no introduction. The name of each of these cities is familiar to most from childhood on the labels of mineral water bottles that can be found in the pharmacy of any Russian city. They have become a kind of symbols of the resort business, owners of magnificent medical parks with openwork drinking galleries, ancient buildings baths and health paths, modern sanatorium-resort complexes and rich cultural heritage.

Geography

The ecological resort region Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is located in the south of the European part of Russia, on the territory of the Stavropol Territory, the northern lands of Kabardino-Balkaria and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The region covers four resort towns - Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk.

Caucasian Mineralnye Vody lies at the junction of the Stavropol Upland, dissected by river valleys and gullies, and the northern slopes Greater Caucasus. Only about 50 km separates the resort region from the highest peak Russia - the majestic Elbrus volcano, bound by ice. The relief of the Caucasian Mineral Waters is heterogeneous - resort towns lie in hollows, river valleys, near ridges covered with dense broad-leaved forests and at the foot of cone-shaped mountains. northern border The region is dominated by the city of Mineralnye Vody, beyond which the steppes of the Northern Ciscaucasia stretch, and the southern - the valleys of the Khasaut and Malka rivers.

Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is a region that differs natural wealth. The slopes of the surrounding mountains cover endless forests. On the slopes of Pyatigorye stretches the Beshtaugorsky forest park, in which ash, pedunculate oak, beech and hornbeam grow. In the resort parks, plants and trees from different parts of the world are collected: alder, pine, Atlas cedar, blue spruce, thuja, Verginsky juniper and red-leaved plum. Through the efforts of gardeners, the resort of Essentuki, surrounded by the steppe, has been turned into a blooming garden city.

Climate

Climate resort region Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is diverse. Depending on the geographical latitude and altitude, several climatic zones are distinguished - the low-mountain and foothill climate of the steppe zone, the climate of the highlands on the slopes of the Greater Caucasus. Resort towns are located in the foothill climate zone, which is one of the main healing factors region, due to geographical features each of the resorts has its own climatic features.

Winter in the resorts of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is moderately warm and dry. The first frosts come in November. The average temperature of the coldest month, January, is -3°C. At this time of the year, thaws and fogs are not uncommon.

Summer is moderately warm, not hot, sunny and long. The average July temperature in the resorts of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is 19-22 °C.

The number of hours of sunshine is 1900-2200 per year.

The indicator of the average annual precipitation decreases with distance from the Greater Caucasus. In Kislovodsk, the amount of precipitation is about 600 mm per year, in Pyatigorsk - about 470 mm.

In general, the region is characterized weather favorable for recreation at any time of the year.

Time

Caucasian Mineralnye Vody live according to Moscow time. The time zone is MSK (UTC+3).

Population

The population of the resort region Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is 952,646 people. IN resort towns Russians, Armenians, Karachays, Ukrainians, Abaza, Georgians, Ossetians and representatives of other peoples of the Caucasus live.

Types of tourism

Main tourist destination resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters - Spa treatment And wellness vacation.

Caucasian Mineralnye Vody have powerful natural healing resources. The region is the owner of various types of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, climatic conditions ideal for wellness treatments. In terms of the volume of medical resources concentrated on the territory of the region, Caucasian Mineralnye Vody has no analogues in Russia and in the world.

On the territory of the eco-resort region, 24 deposits of mineral waters are distinguished, including Essentuki, Zheleznovodskoye, Kislovodskoye and Pyatigorskoye. There are sources of hydrogen sulfide, carbonic and radon waters, drinking mineral waters of the Essentuki type, nitrogen-methane waters and narzans. Mineral waters are used for drinking treatment and balneological procedures in the treatment of various organs and systems - from diseases of the digestive system to diseases of the genitourinary system.

On the territory of the resort region there is Tambukan Lake, which is a source of sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium brine, as well as therapeutic sulfide-silt mud. The silts of Lake Tambukan are used in the form of applications and wraps in the sanatoriums of Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk and Kislovodsk, as well as in health resorts in different regions of Russia.

The climate of the foothills is distinguished not only by the special purity of the air, the absence of allergens, but also by rarefaction. Low partial pressure of oxygen provokes rapid breathing, saturation of blood, tissues and organs with oxygen. This effect is especially beneficial for people with respiratory diseases.

The complex relief of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody resort region creates favorable conditions for health paths - therapeutic walking with a difference in heights for training the cardiovascular system. Besides, natural landscapes the edges and spa parks create a favorable psychological environment, increasing the effectiveness of spa treatment.

The natural abundance of the region served as the development of the resort business. KavMinVody is one of the oldest resort regions in Russia. The first baths, drinking galleries, alleys of medical parks were opened at the beginning of the 19th century. Today, the region has a developed network of sanatorium and resort institutions, as well as general resort health resorts - clinics, baths, drinking galleries with pump rooms.

The main indications for recreation and spa treatment at the resorts of Caucasian Mineralnye Vody are:

• Diseases of the respiratory and ENT organs
• Diseases of the digestive system
• Diseases of the genitourinary system
• Diseases of the endocrine system and metabolic disorders
• Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
• Diseases of the nervous system
• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels

Leisure also widely developed and popular in the resort region of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. First of all - hiking, the surroundings of the resorts are cut by health paths and tourist routes leading to the peaks of the surrounding mountains, lakes, waterfalls. In addition, the resorts offer horse and bicycle rides, river rafting, cave visits - speleotourism. Do not forget that the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody are located at a distance of a short car trip from Dombai, Teberda, Elbrus, Cheget, Arkhyz, where skiing, mountain tourism, mountaineering and even hang gliding are at the service of tourists.

Excursion tourism. The Caucasian Mineral Waters have something to surprise even sophisticated travelers. Many architectural monuments have been preserved here - from the buildings of baths and mud baths, small architectural forms of resort parks to noble mansions and villas, magnificent garden and park ensembles, and natural attractions. The history of the resorts is associated with the names of prominent artists - there are many museum houses and historical places in the cities of the resort region. The resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters are also attractive because you can get to know many sights on your own as part of a walk. Excursion bureaus of sanatoriums and boarding houses offer their guests trips to Dombay, Elbrus and Arkhyz.

Directions

The group of resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters includes four cities: Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk.

Zheleznovodsk- balneological and mud treatment resort, the most modest in size among the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The hot springs of Zheleznovodsk have been known since antiquity, and the first serious studies of the waters were carried out at the end of the 18th century. Outstanding architects and gardeners worked on the construction and arrangement of the resort, based on the plans of the best European resorts. From the very foundation of the resort, the health resorts were headed by prominent scientists who made a significant contribution to the development of the resort business in the Caucasus.

Kislovodsk- one of the most famous balneological and climatic resorts in Russia, the birthplace of the mineral waters of the Narzans and, perhaps, the most attractive city of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The formation of spa medicine in Kislovodsk is associated with the names of prominent domestic clinicians and balneologists, it was here that many physiotherapy techniques were developed that are used in sanatoriums and health centers throughout Russia.

Pyatigorsk- the famous balneological and mud resort, which is part of the group of resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. For its wealth of natural mineral springs, Pyatigorsk is often called the "natural gallery of mineral waters", and elegant architecture and magnificent parks attracted aristocratic public to the resort back in the 19th century. It is believed that it was in Pyatigorsk that Russian balneology as a science was born - in 1863, the Russian Balneological Society was founded in the city, bringing together the best doctors and scientists of its time.

BASE:

1. Federal Law No. 214-FZ dated July 29, 2017 “On conducting an experiment on the development of resort infrastructure in the Republic of Crimea, Altai Territory, Krasnodar Territory and Stavropol Territory”.

2. Law of the Stavropol Territory No. 130-kz of 08.12.2017 “On some issues of conducting an experiment on the development of resort infrastructure in the Stavropol Territory”.

RESORT FEE: RUB 50 per person.

The territory of the experiment includes the territories of the following municipalities Stavropol Territory:

• the resort town of Essentuki;
• resort city of Zheleznovodsk;
• resort city of Kislovodsk;
• resort city of Pyatigorsk.

RESORT FEE PAYERS: individuals who have reached the age of majority, living in accommodation facilities for more than 24 hours.

RESORT FEE EXEMPTIONS:

1) persons awarded the titles of Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Russian Federation or who are full holders of the Order of Glory;

2) persons awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor or Hero of Labor of the Russian Federation or awarded the Order of Labor Glory of three degrees;

3) participants of the Great Patriotic War;

4) combat veterans from among the persons specified in subparagraphs 1 - 4 of paragraph 1 of Article 3 of the Federal Law of January 12, 1995 N 5-FZ "On Veterans"; 5) persons awarded the badge "Resident besieged Leningrad";

6) persons who worked during the Great Patriotic War at the objects of air defense, local air defense, construction defensive structures, naval bases, airfields and other military installations within the rear borders of the operating fronts, operating zones of the operating fleets, in the front-line areas of iron and highways, as well as crew members of the ships of the transport fleet, interned at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the ports of other states;

7) war invalids;

8) family members of the fallen (deceased) disabled war veterans, participants of the Great Patriotic War and veterans of military operations, family members of persons who died in the Great Patriotic War from among the personnel of the self-defense groups of the facility and emergency teams of the local air defense, as well as family members of the deceased hospital workers and hospitals in the city of Leningrad;

9) persons exposed to radiation as a result of a disaster at Chernobyl nuclear power plant, and also due to nuclear testing at the Semipalatinsk test site, and persons equated to them;

10) disabled people of groups I and II;

11) persons accompanying disabled people of group I and disabled children in accordance with the Federal Law of July 17, 1999 N 178-FZ "On State Social Assistance";

12) low-income families, low-income citizens living alone and other categories of citizens provided for by the Federal Law of July 17, 1999 N 178-FZ "On State Social Assistance", which have an average per capita income below the subsistence level established at their place of residence in the relevant subject Russian Federation; 13) persons who arrived on the territory of the experiment in order to receive specialized, including high-tech, medical care or medical rehabilitation after the provision of specialized, including high-tech, medical care in the conditions of sanatorium-resort organizations, as well as the person accompanying them if the patient is a child under the age of 18;

14) patients with tuberculosis;

15) persons under the age of 24 studying full-time in educational institutions located on the territory of the experiment;

16) persons permanently working in the territory of the experiment on the basis of employment contract or service contract;

17) persons who have a place of residence in the territory of the experiment;

18) persons who own residential buildings (shares in the ownership of them) and (or) residential premises (shares in the ownership of them) on the territory of the experiment;

19) athletes, coaches, sports judges, as well as other specialists in the field physical education and sports, who arrived to participate in official sporting events in the territory of the experiment.

Exemption from payment resort fee is carried out upon presentation to the operator of the resort fee of the original document confirming the right to exemption from payment of the resort fee, or a duly certified copy thereof. Exemption from the payment of the resort fee of the persons specified in paragraph 11 may also be carried out on the basis of a written application of the accompanied person or his legal representative.

PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION, PAYMENT AND TRANSFER OF RESORT FEE:

1. The resort fee payable is calculated by multiplying the number of days the resort fee payer actually stays at the property, excluding the day of arrival, and the applicable resort fee. However, the resort fee to be paid is not included in the price.

2. The resort fee is collected no later than the time of departure from the property.

3. Repeated collection of the resort fee for the same period of stay in the experimental area is not allowed.

4. The resort fee is subject to transfer to the budget of the Stavropol Territory.

5. The transfer of the resort fee to the budget of the Stavropol Territory is carried out by the resort fee operator after the expiration of the payer's actual residence in the accommodation facility no later than the 28th day of the month following which the resort fee is calculated, but not earlier than the expiration of the payer's actual residence in the accommodation facility.

6. If it is impossible to withhold the calculated amount of the resort fee from the payer, the operator of the resort fee, no later than three working days from the date of departure of the payer from the accommodation facility, is obliged to notify the executive authority of the Stavropol Territory of the impossibility of withholding the resort fee from the payer and the amount of the resort fee payable responsible for conducting the experiment (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body), according to the form established by it.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE RESORT FEE OPERATORS:

1. Operators of the resort fee, in accordance with the procedure established by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation, are obliged to calculate, collect and transfer the resort fee to the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation.

2. The operator of the resort fee, when collecting the amount of the resort fee payable from the payer of the resort fee, is obliged to issue to the payer of the resort fee a document confirming the fact of payment.

3. Operators of the resort fee, in accordance with the procedure established by the authorized body of the subject of the Russian Federation, are obliged to keep records of payers of the resort fee and persons exempted from payment of the resort fee, in compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 N 152-FZ "On Personal Data".

4. The operator of the resort fee is obliged to submit to the authorized body of the subject of the Russian Federation the report of the operator of the resort fee, prepared on the basis of accounting data, as well as the information necessary for maintaining the register of operators of the resort fee.

Medicinal mineral waters are natural waters that contain certain mineral (rarely organic) components and gases in high concentrations and (or) have some physical properties (radioactivity, environmental reaction, etc.), due to which these waters have an effect on the body. human therapeutic effect to one degree or another, which differs from the action of "fresh" water— definition by V. V. Ivanov and A. Nevraev.

The concept of "mineral water" is most generally formulated in English law. Mineral water is water that is found in a mountain range and is extracted for human consumption.

Natural mineral waters are the main asset of the mountainous region - Caucasian Mineral Waters. 14 mineral water deposits of various types are concentrated in the CMW region (Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Beshtaugorskoye, Pyatigorskoye, Zheleznovodskoye, Zmeikinskoye, Batalinskoye, Lysogorskoye, Kumagorskoye, Nagutskoye, Kalaborskoye, Georgievskoye in the Stavropol Territory, as well as Kumskoye and Verkhnepodkumskoye in Karachay-Cherkessia)