See what "Migration growth" is in other dictionaries. Migration population growth: definition, features of the process

social, migratory and natural, but only the last two are the subject of its study.

The most accurate definition migration gave Rybakovsky: “any territorial movement that takes place between different settlements of one or more administrative-territorial units, regardless of duration, regularity and target orientation (in the broadest sense of the word)”.

The main reasons for migration are:

1. Political, that is, a change in the form of government.

2. Socio-economic (job search).

3. Natural (floods, earthquakes, etc.).

4. Environmental (NPP).

5. Regional.

6. National.

Migration is classified according to implementation method:

Organized (with the participation of state and public bodies)

Unorganized (individual, amateur), carried out by the forces and means of the migrants themselves.

The migratory movement of the population includes 4 main types:

pendulum migration- this is a daily (less often weekly) move from a place permanent residence to a place of work or study in another locality or in another state.

Episodic migrations are business, tourist, recreational, etc. trips that do not have a regular temporary nature. It is believed that in terms of scale this type of migration surpasses all others, although in terms of its significance, especially demographic, it is significantly inferior to them.

Long-term (permanent) migration(from which “forced migration” and “illegal migration” are distinguished. The concept of “long-term or permanent migration” in domestic and foreign literature is often associated with irrevocable migration.

Irrevocable migration(or resettlement), which is associated not only with a change in permanent place of residence, but also with a change of citizenship, if we are talking about international migration.

The main thesis was Ravenstein:“Migration means life and progress; sedentary population - stagnation.

He formulated eleven migration laws or regulations:

1) most migrations are carried out on short distances; 2) migration occurs gradually, step by step; 3) long-distance migrations are directed mainly to large trade or industrial centers; 4) each migration flow has its own counterflow; 5) urban residents are less mobile in terms of migration than the population in rural areas; 6) women are more active in internal migration, men are more active in international migration; 7) the majority of migrants represent the adult population, families rarely migrate outside their country; 8) growth major cities to a greater extent due to the migration of the population than the natural increase in them; 9) the scale of migration increases with the development of industry and trade, and especially with the development of transport; 10) most migrants from rural areas are sent to large industrial and shopping centers; 11) economic reasons migrations are defining.

Modern trends in international migration are:

1. the growth of illegal migration (a pronounced labor nature; the state also benefits: taxes are paid, but social benefits and benefits are not received);

2. growth forced migration(due to the increase in armed conflicts in the world, the aggravation of interethnic relations; 80% of refugees flee to developing countries; women and children create an additional economic burden on the host countries, which requires money)

3. globalization of world migration flows (almost all countries are involved; countries with a predominance of immigration and countries with a predominance of emigration have been determined);

4. qualitative changes in the flow of migration (increase in the proportion of people with a high level of education, many countries have special programs for a person to stay there as long as possible - the USA, France, Canada, Sweden);

5. The dual nature of migration policy (tightening and regulation of migration policy against integration; at the same time, the defining component of migration policy is immigration).

The following approaches to the study of migration are distinguished:

Demographic, within which -4 theories:

1) the general theory of population, which defines the migration of the population, on the one hand, as a proper demographic process that directly affects the reproduction of the population. 2) the theory of demographic transition, which organically includes migration, which changes during the transition from a pre-industrial to a post-industrial economy;

3) the concept of the “second demographic transition”, which considers migration as the most important demographic process in development modern countries Western Europe; 4) the concept of "zero balance of international migration".

Economic approach considers migration as one of the most important regulators of the working-age population, which stimulates healthy competition in the labor market.

Legal approach - determines legal status different categories of migrants.

Sociological approach - focuses on the problems associated with the adaptation of migrants to new living conditions.

Historical approach describes migration in the context of the historical evolution of demographic processes.

Psychological approach - migration is seen as a way to meet a number of social needs, including the need for self-affirmation.

T.I. Zaslavskaya singled out accelerating, selective and redistributive functions of the impact.

accelerating function leads to population growth. The role of the educational level of the population is evidence of its social development, an organic element of which is the increase in its mobility.

Population redistribution associated with the placement of productive forces, the distribution production capacity and investments between separate territories of the country, including between natural areas, districts, different types rural and urban settlements. The third function is selective. Its essence is that the uneven participation of various socio-demographic groups in migration leads to a change in the qualitative composition of the population of different territories. Experience shows that men and people of working age participate in migration more actively than disabled people and women.

Main absolute migration rates are: number of arrivals, number of departures, migration turnover (gross migration or gross migration), net migration (mechanical increase, net migration or net migration).

The most used are intensity coefficients of migration processes. They make it possible to compare the migration mobility of the population of different regions. Usually, men migrate more often than women (they have higher migration intensity indicators), young people participate in territorial movements to a greater extent than children and the elderly.

Russia is facing intense migration flows as its economic base is in crisis. It is precisely the differences in wage levels that are currently one of the main incentives for the migration of workers from developing countries.

Migrations are divided into:

- external- the territorial movement of the population, committed between different countries. I will dwell on internal migration in more detail.

- domestic (domestic)- territorial movements of people that can take place within one country.

Will grow in the future territorial mobility of the population, the flow of migration from the regions of the North and East will increase. The process of emigration of scientists from Russia will also continue and a decrease in intellectual level population.

The main consequences of migration at the level of society and the state are:

Changes in the population and its age structure;

Changes in the composition of the population in terms of educational level, social status, areas of activity; - an increase in the ethnic mosaic of the population, a possible aggravation of conflicts on a religious, ethnic basis;

Decrease in demand for jobs in areas of departure and its increase in areas of settlement - changes in local and regional labor markets, increased competition in the field of employment;

Mass migrations organized or regulated by the state (refugees, evacuees) require large material costs and the presence of special services;

Within the framework of the national direction, the influence of migration flows on the socio-political structure of the state and the national identity of its citizens, the system of intrastate relations, and the human potential of the state are studied. Based on this measurement, the migration policy of the state is built, forms of control over migration flows are determined (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1 Graph of the dynamics of the number of people who left Russia and arrived in Russia in 1993-2009, in thousands of people.

The characteristics of the migration policy are as follows:

- "migration policy - there is a product political system”, this is the prerogative not only of the state, but also of public institutions;

Migration policy is a process of coordinating the interests of the state in the field of migration regulation at the federal and regional levels with the interests of migrants, the local community, political and economic elites, parties, public institutions;

- “migration policy is a process of interaction between states, in which there is a transfer of jurisdiction.

Forecasting growth population- a very important tool for long-term planning of the economic and social development of society. This is a calculation of the size of its labor resources and the volume of needs.

Instruction

Growth population is the sum of the values ​​of two indicators - natural and migratory growth. This is the difference between the current level of the demographic situation and the level of an earlier period. The time period for which the calculation is made is called the settlement period and can be short-term (from a month to several years) and long-term (5, 10, 15, 25, 100 years).

Natural increase is a positive difference between the number of births and deaths (the number of births is greater than the number of deaths). For example, in Russia, according to data for August 2009, 151.7 thousand people, 150.7 thousand people died, which means a natural increase population amounted to a thousand people. It is believed that if the birth rate exceeds the death rate, then reproduction population extended. If these numbers are approximately equal, then reproduction is simple. If the death rate exceeds the birth rate, then reproduction is narrowed, a strong demographic decline is observed.

Migration (or mechanical) growth is a positive difference between the number of people who arrived in the country from other countries and the number of citizens who left it.

Coefficients are used to determine the overall picture of demographic changes in the country growth population. coefficient of natural growth is the difference between the number of births and deaths in a given period divided by the total number population. Migration coefficient growth population is the difference between the number of citizens who arrived in the country and the number who left, divided by the total number. Accordingly, the overall ratio growth population is the sum of these coefficients.

Assessment of the demographic situation in the country is the basis for forecasting the needs and labor resources of society and, as a result, production volumes to meet the needs of the population. To complete the analysis, it is necessary to determine the natural and migratory growth and sum these values.

Instruction

To analyze the demographic situation in the country, absolute and relative values ​​of two types are used growth a: mechanical (migratory) and natural. The second indicator characterizes the difference between the number of births and deaths of citizens for a certain period of time.

In order for the data to be as correct as possible, statistical methods are used to track the slightest change. These methods include birth and death control by special authorities. The data for this comes from maternity hospitals and hospitals and is documented.

If the number of births for a certain period exceeds the number of deaths, then they speak of expanded reproduction of the population. If they are about the same, it's a simple reproduction. If the difference between them is negative, then it is narrowed, which indicates a demographic decline and requires the introduction of emergency measures to stimulate the birth rate.

Absolute appreciation of natural growth and consists in calculating the arithmetic difference between the volume of reproduction at the end and the beginning of the period, which can be any calendar interval, from a month to 5 years (short-term analysis) to decades: from 5 to 100 years (long-term analysis).

For example, let the number of births in a month be 155,000 people, and the number of deaths - 153,000. Then there is a natural growth in 2000 inhabitants. This can be considered a simple reproduction, since the difference is small compared to both values.

Relative assessment of natural growth and is carried out by calculating the coefficients. In this case, the absolute value is referred to the total number of inhabitants. Thus, a certain value is obtained, which can be expressed as a percentage. For example: at the beginning of the year, the population of the country is 50 million people. In a year, 1 million people were born, and 850,000 people died. Absolute indicator of natural growth and in this case it is equal to 150,000, and relative - (150,000/50,000,000) 100% = 0.3%.

note

Population growth is usually measured as a percentage, so the resulting coefficient must be multiplied by 100. The total population is taken at the beginning of the billing period.

Helpful advice

Based on the data obtained and the analysis of the population growth rate, it is possible to predict the development of the situation in the coming periods.

Terminology

People who migrate are called migrants. There are external migrations (intercontinental, interstate) and internal (within the country - between regions, cities, rural areas, etc.).

Persons who have resettled outside the country - emigrants who moved to this country - immigrants. The difference between the number of first and second - migration balance directly affecting the population of the country.

Different researchers put the most diverse meaning into the concept of "population migration". English scientist E.G. Ravenstein is the author of one of the first deep theoretical studies in the field of migration (1885). Having studied migration processes in the UK and North America, Ravenstein formulated eleven migration laws, on which many theories in the field of migration were subsequently based. The main ones are as follows: - most migrations are carried out over short distances; − the larger the territorial center, the more attractive influence it has; − each migration flow has its own counter-flow; - the growth of large cities is largely due to migration of the population, rather than natural growth in it; - the scale of migration increases with the development of industry and trade, and especially with the development of transport; − economic reasons for migration are decisive.

There are as many definitions of "population migration" as there are authors of these definitions. VA Iontsev counted about 36 different definitions in domestic publications alone. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic literature, V. A. Iontsev also developed the most full classification directions in the theoretical understanding of population migration. It includes 17 different approaches to the study of population migration, which, according to him, combined 45 scientific directions, theories and concepts. Of these, 5 theories fall on the economic approach, 5 - on the sociological, 4 - on the purely migration, 3 - on the demographic, 2 - on the historical, typological, political, and one each - on the remaining nine approaches.

Migration ensures the connection of geographically distributed (across continents, countries, regions within countries) natural resources and means of production with labor, helps to meet the needs of the population in obtaining work, housing, livelihood, social and professional mobility, changing social status, and other characteristics of life the situation of the population, etc.

Migration is partly driven by causes such as wars (emigration from Iraq and Bosnia to the US and UK), political conflicts (emigration from Zimbabwe to the US) and natural disasters (migration from Montserrat to the UK due to a volcanic eruption).

Forced migration can serve as a means of social control of authoritarian regimes, while voluntary migration is a means of social adaptation and the cause of urban population growth.

Current trends in international migration

• growth of illegal migration(pronounced labor character; the state also benefits: taxes are paid, but social benefits and benefits are not received);
• increased forced migration(most of all from Africa; due to the increase in armed conflicts in the world, aggravation of interethnic relations; 80% of refugees flee to developing countries; women and children create an additional economic burden on the host countries, which requires money)
• increasing demographic importance of international migration (

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Migration growth population of Russia in 2010 decreased by a third, amounting to 158 thousand people

The upward trend in the migration growth of the population of Russia, observed in 2004-2007, was replaced by the stabilization of indicators in 2008-2009 and a sharp decline in 2010 (Fig. 19) .

The population of Russia has been increasing due to migration exchange with other countries, and earlier with the union republics, since 1975 (in the 30 years preceding this period, Russia "lost" the population in the migration exchange with the union republics). The largest migration increase was in the mid-1990s (845.7 thousand people, or 6.6‰ in 1994), but then there was a steady trend of a rapid reduction in the migration activity of the population, and as a result, the migration increase.

The number of people leaving Russia was most significant in the late 1980s (792,000 people in 1988), but then it steadily and rather rapidly decreased with some deviations from the trend in 1995, 1999 and 2010, when several more people than in previous years. According to monthly registration data, 33.6 thousand people left the country in 2010, which is 1.1 thousand people or 3.4% more than in the previous year of 2009.

The number of registered arrivals in Russia from abroad, having peaked in 1994 - 1191 thousand people - also declined rapidly, falling to 119 thousand people in 2004. Since 2005, the number of immigrants began to increase again, and to a large extent due to the growth in the number of those registered at the place of residence from among those who had previously arrived in the Russian Federation. According to an updated estimate for 2008, 297.2 thousand people arrived in the country, although according to monthly registration - 281.6 thousand people, which was somewhat less than in the previous 2007, although more than in each of the previous six years (2001-2006). In 2009, according to monthly registration data, 279.9 thousand people arrived in Russia, which is lower than the corresponding figures for 2007-2008, but higher than the figures for 2001-2006. According to updated estimates of the annual development, 291.8 thousand people arrived in Russia. Thus, signs of a renewed decline in the number of arrivals in Russia by permanent place residences appeared already in 2008, but in 2010 the trend became clear. According to monthly records, the number of arrivals amounted to 191.6 thousand people, having decreased by 31.5% compared to the same data for 2009. The number of those registered at the place of residence among those who had previously arrived in the Russian Federation decreased by 88.3 thousand people (by 31.5%), including due to immigrants from the CIS member states - by 89.6 thousand people (by 34.2 %).

Migration growth (net or net migration), according to monthly registration, amounted to 158.1 thousand people in 2010, or 11.1 per 10 thousand people. This is more than a third (36.1%) lower than the respective indicators of monthly registration for 2009 - 247.4 thousand people, or 17.4 per 10 thousand people. According to the annual development, the migration growth of the population of Russia in 2009 amounted to 259.4 thousand people (18.3 per 10 thousand people). The intensity of migration growth in 2010 dropped to the level of 2006.

Figure 19. Number of arrivals and departures from Russia (thousand people) and migration growth (per 10 thousand population), 1980-2010*

* 2010 - monthly registration data

Immigrants arriving in the Russian Federation are, as before, in the vast majority of countries - the former Soviet republics, although in 2010 their share has slightly decreased. According to monthly records, the share of immigrants from the CIS countries in 2010 amounted to 89.7% (93.6% in 2009 according to the annual development), and the Baltic countries and Georgia, which withdrew from the Commonwealth of Independent States in August 2009, - 3 .7% (3.2%).

Since July 2005, the number of emigrants from Russia going outside the countries - the former Soviet republics - to the countries of the so-called "far abroad" has again become less than the number of those leaving for the countries - the former republics of the USSR (Fig. 20). According to monthly registration data, in 2010, 22.2 thousand people left Russia for the countries of the "near abroad" (in 2009 - 21.5 thousand people), and 11.4 thousand people left for other countries of the world (10.9 thousand Human). Thus, the number of people leaving for the former Soviet republics, accounting for about 2/3 of the flow of emigration from Russia, increased by 3.0%, the number of emigrants to the countries far abroad- by 4.3%.

Figure 20. Main flows of international migration in Russia by months, 2000-2010, thousand people

In 2010, there was a decrease in migration growth in the exchange of population with all CIS member states. Its increase was noted only in the exchange of population with China, Latvia and Lithuania and a group of other countries not highlighted (Fig. 21).

Nevertheless, Russia had the largest migration gain in exchange with Uzbekistan (23.3 thousand people against 41.9 thousand people in 2009), Ukraine (21.2 against 40.2), Kazakhstan (20.5 against 31, 6) and Kyrgyzstan (20.3 versus 22.6).

Most of all, the increase in the population of Russia decreased in migration exchange with Ukraine (by 47%), Armenia (by 45%, amounting to 19.2 thousand people in 2010 against 34.8 thousand people in 2009), Uzbekistan (by 44%). Migration growth in exchange with other CIS member states decreased by 35% or less. The migration increase in exchange with Kyrgyzstan decreased least of all - by 10%, amounting to 20.3 against 22.6 thousand people.

Registered population losses in migration exchange with non-CIS countries decreased to insignificant values: 1.1 thousand people in favor of Germany, 0.8 - USA, 0.4 - Canada, 0.3 - Finland, 0.1 - Israel.

Figure 21. Results of Russia's migration exchange with other countries, thousand people of net migration, 2010 and 2009

In 2010, Russia received the most immigrants from Kazakhstan, from where 27.9 thousand people entered it. This is noticeably less than in 2009 (38.8 thousand people) and previous years - in the mid-1990s, the influx exceeded 300 thousand people per year (Fig. 22.1). The influx of immigrants from Armenia (by 44%), Uzbekistan (by 43%) and Ukraine (by 40%) has significantly decreased.

In 2004-2009, the number of registered migrants from Armenia (increased from 3.1 to 35.8 thousand people) and Tajikistan (from 3.3 to 27.0 thousand people) rapidly increased, but in 2010 it also decreased.

The volumes of immigration from the rest of the CIS countries are generally noticeably lower (Fig. 22.2). After a period of extremely low rates of registered arrivals in 2001-2005, the flow from Belarus and Turkmenistan continued to decline, falling in 2010 to 4.9 and 2.3 thousand people, respectively. The volume of migration from Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova in 2006-2009, on the contrary, increased markedly, but in 2010 they dropped sharply - to 14.5, 20.9 and 11.8 thousand people. The increase in the flow of migrants from Georgia in 2004-2007 (up to 10.6 thousand people in 2007) was replaced by a decrease in 2008-2010 (up to 5.2 thousand people in 2010).

Pictures 22.1-22.2. Number of arrivals in the Russian Federation from the CIS countries*, 1997-2009, thousand people

The number of people leaving Russia for the CIS countries dropped sharply already by the beginning of the past decade and continued to decline in subsequent years, gradually stabilizing at an extremely low level (Fig. 23.1-23.2). In 2010, most migrants from Russia left for Kazakhstan (slightly more than in the previous year 2009 - 7.3 against 7.2 thousand people) and Ukraine (6.3 against 5.7). The number of those who left for Belarus was half as much (2.9 thousand people against 2.6), for Azerbaijan - 6 times less (1.1), and for the rest of the CIS countries did not exceed a thousand people (from 105 people to Turkmenistan to 834 in Uzbekistan).

Pictures 23.1-23.2. Number of people who left the Russian Federation for the CIS countries*, 1997-2009, thousand people

* including Georgia, which withdrew from the CIS in August 2009

The flow of people leaving for the traditional countries of emigration - Germany, Israel and the United States - has relatively stabilized after a sharp decline. After a period sharp decline the number of registered migrants who came to Russia from China and left for reverse direction, in 2007 and 2010 there was a noticeable increase in arrivals from China, with a decrease in those leaving Russia (Fig. 24.1-24.4).

In the last three years, the decline in population in migration exchange with Germany, to which most of the emigrants from Russia are sent, has sharply decreased. In 2010, 3725 people went there for permanent residence, in 2009 - 4115 people, in 2008 - 4916 people, while earlier the annual number of people leaving for Germany was several times higher (from 21.5 thousand people in 2005 to 48.4 thousand people in 1997). The number of returnees from Germany to Russia in 2010 increased slightly, amounting to 2621 against 2584 in 2009.

The volume of migration outflow to the USA also decreased: in 2009, 1440 people left for the USA, in 2010 a little more - 1460 (in 1997 the number of people who left for the USA was 9087 people). The flow of arrivals to Russia from the United States is fairly stable at the level of 500-600 people a year, in 2010 it increased to 653.

The number of people leaving for Israel has fallen below the level of a thousand people a year, amounting to 894 people in 2009 and 947 in 2010. The volume of the reverse flow of migrants from Israel to Russia is also declining, but at a slower rate, which leads to an almost zero migration balance.

Figure 24.1-24.4. Migration flows between the Russian Federation and Germany, Israel, the USA and China, 1997-2010, persons

However, international (“outside”) migrants make up a relatively small share of total number migrants. Among registered arrivals in 1990-2010, "internal" migrants, that is, those changing their place of residence within Russia, ranged from 72% in 1994 to 94% in 2003-2004. IN last years the absolute and relative number of arrivals from outside the country began to increase, and the share of "internal" migrants, respectively, decreased. In 2009, it dropped to 86%, in 2007-2008 it was about 87%, but, according to preliminary data for 2010, it increased again, amounting to 91%.

The intensity of internal movements, after a sharp decline in the 1990s, stabilized in 2002-2008 at the level of about 2 million people who arrived at a new place of residence (Fig. 25). The smallest number of "internal" migrants moving to a new place of residence from one region of Russia to another during this period was registered in 2005 - 1911 thousand people. In 2009 activity internal migration again significantly decreased - the number of migrants who moved within Russia amounted to about 1708 thousand people, or 120 per 10 thousand people of the resident population (in the previous 2008 - 1934 thousand people, or 136 per 10 thousand people). In 2010, the number of migrants within Russia increased by 203.0 thousand people, or 11.9% compared to the previous year, amounting to 1911 thousand people, or 135 per 10 thousand people of the permanent population.

Figure 25. Number of migrants moving within Russia, 1979-2010, thousand people registered upon arrival

Internal movements, in comparison with external migration, retain a seasonal character to a greater extent. The largest number of registered movements usually occurs in September-October, the smallest - in May, although in some years the smallest number of arrivals from among internal migrants is registered in the first months of the year (Fig. 26).

Drawing. 26. Number of migrants moving within Russia, by months 2000-2010

On the intensity of migration movements within the Russian Federation (taking into account external migration) can be judged by the number of arrivals and departures in Russian regions per 1,000 people (Fig. 27).

In 54 out of 83 regions-subjects of the federation, the rate of departure in 2010 year was higher than the Russian average - 13.7‰ (that is, per 1,000 people). The Chukotka autonomous region(36‰). The intensity of migration outflow from the Republic of Kalmykia and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (33‰), the Republic of Tyva (31‰), Magadan region(30‰), the republics of Altai, Buryatia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Komi, Khakassia, Sakha (Yakutia), Murmansk and Tyumen regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (from 23 to 27‰). The lowest intensity of retirement in 2010 was, as before, in Moscow (3.7‰), and, in addition, in St. Petersburg (6.6‰), the Republic of Ingushetia, Yaroslavl and Nizhny Novgorod region(by 9‰).

The intensity of entry was higher than the average for Russia - 14.8‰ - in 38 subjects of the federation. The highest it, as before, was in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (about 29‰), as well as in the republics of Kalmykia (26‰), Tyva (25‰), Khakassia (24‰), Altai (23‰) , Tyumen (25‰), Tomsk and Moscow regions (22‰ each).

In absolute terms, the largest number of arrivals in the region in 2010 was registered in the Moscow region (145.7 thousand people). Moscow is still in second place (125.9), Tyumen region (85.4) is in third place, followed by Krasnodar Territory (84.4), the Republic of Bashkortostan (75.6), St. Petersburg (67, 1) and Krasnoyarsk region(62.1). In other regions, this number did not reach 58 thousand people.

Figure 27. Migrants in regions-subjects of the Russian Federation, 2010, per 1,000 population

As in Russia as a whole, “internal migration” flows predominate in all its regions (Fig. 28).

The intensity of immigration from outside the country, according to monthly records, in 2010 was the highest in the Kamchatka Territory (4.7 arrivals per 1,000 residents), Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug Ugra (4.3), Tomsk, Kaluga, Kaliningrad and Tyumen regions (3.4-3.6). In absolute terms, most immigrants in 2010 arrived in the Moscow region (15.8 thousand people) and Moscow (15.1), the Tyumen region (11.6 thousand people, including 6.6 thousand people in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Yugra Okrug and 1.5 in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug).

The largest number of arrivals from other regions of Russia was registered in the republics of Kalmykia and Tyva, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Yugra (25 arrivals per 1,000 residents), as well as in the republics of Altai, Khakassia, Buryatia, Tyumen region in general and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (21-23). In absolute terms, the largest number of migrants from other regions of Russia was also registered in the Moscow region (129.8 thousand people). It was significant in Moscow (110.8), Krasnodar Territory (78.0), Tyumen Region (73.8), Republic of Bashkortostan (71.5 thousand people). In other subjects of the federation, it did not reach 63 thousand people.

Figure 28. Internal and external migrants in the regions-subjects of the Russian Federation, 2010 according to monthly registration, per 1000 population

The population of all regions - subjects of the federation is growing due to international migration, although in varying degrees. If in Kamchatka Territory migration growth in exchange with other countries amounted to 4.7‰ according to preliminary results for 2010, in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - 3.7‰, Tomsk region- 3.3‰, then in the Chechen Republic and the Amur Region - 0, the republics of Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and Udmurtia - 0.1‰ (Fig. 29).

Due to migration exchange with other regions of Russia in 2010, the population of only 17 regions increased, primarily in the Moscow region (by 7.4‰), Moscow and St. Petersburg (7.1‰), Krasnodar Territory(4.1‰), Leningrad region(3.3‰), Republic of Ingushetia (3.2‰), Novosibirsk region(2.6‰). In other regions, the migration increase did not reach 2‰.

66 regions lost part of their population in migration exchange with other regions of Russia. The most intensive migration loss has been typical for many years for the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (-18.6‰) and the Magadan Region (-12.4‰). There is a high migration loss of the population of the Republic of Komi, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Murmansk region(from -9‰ to -11‰).

Figure 29. Internal and international net migration in the regions-subjects of the Russian Federation, 2010, per 1000 population

The number of forced migrants in the country is declining. In 2010, 2,135 people received the status of a forced migrant or refugee in the territorial bodies of the FMS of Russia (in 2009 - 4,092 people). The share of registered forced immigrants in the total number of arrivals from outside the Russian Federation amounted to 0.14%.

According to the FMS of Russia, as of January 1, 2011, there were 50.3 thousand internally displaced persons and refugees in the country against 58.0 thousand at the beginning of 2010). More than 34% of them (17.3 thousand) were former residents of Kazakhstan, 20% (9.9 thousand) - Georgia, 12% (6.2 thousand) - Uzbekistan, 5% (2.6 thousand) - Tajikistan. Almost 10.5 thousand people (21%) moved inside Russia from regions with an unstable socio-political situation.

The process of resettlement of forced migrants is going on in all subjects of the Russian Federation, but the largest number of forced migrants and refugees have chosen the Republic as their new place of residence North Ossetia- Alania (10.1 thousand people), 6.5 thousand - the Republic of Ingushetia, 2.5 thousand - Belgorod region, from 1.8 to 1.1 thousand people - Altai, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territory, Samara and Orenburg regions.

Sources: Federal State Statistics Service - . gks.r u
The natural movement of the population in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation for January-December 2010; http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2010/demo/edn12-10.htm
“Socio-economic situation in Russia. January 2011” and previous monthly reports;
Demographic Yearbook of Russia. 2010 and previous years;
Russian statistical yearbook. 2010 and previous years;
"Socio-economic situation federal districts. 2010". Quarterly statistical bulletins.

It should be borne in mind that this is registered migration, and its volume largely depends on the rules and practices of registration, which change over time. In particular, the sharp decline in the number of arrivals in 2001 year was, apparently due to the restrictions imposed on the admission of citizens of the CIS and Baltic countries. This situation has led to an artificial reduction in the flows of registered immigrants, whose number in 2004 was the lowest in the last 50 years. Since the beginning of 2007, the rules have changed again - foreign citizens and stateless persons who have received a temporary residence permit for the first time began to be included in the statistics. As a result, the number of immigrants increased by more than 100 thousand people, or 54%. According to experts, the increase in the migration rate is at least half due to changes in the registration of migrants. – See Demographic Situation in the Russian Federation in 2008 - http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2009/demo/demo-docl08.htm ; Population of Russia 2007: Fifteenth Annual Demographic Report / Ed. ed. A.G. Vishnevsky. M.: Ed. house SU-HSE, 2009, p. 221.
When assessing migration flows, they are adjusted for underestimation of arrivals from states - republics former USSR. In this case, information is used on the number of migrants registered at the place of stay for a period of 1 year or more, which were collected manually by the territorial bodies of Rosstat during the year.