In what year was the city of Mogilev founded? Mogilev as a possible capital of the BSSR. Entertainment and attractions of Mogilev

The land on which Mogilev now stands was chosen by people for ancient settlements in prehistoric times. At first, these settlements were located on the right-bank Dnieper islands, but later, when the communities began to quarrel with each other, people began to look for places where they could not only live and farm, but also hide in a moment of danger. This forced a person to settle in the elevated parts, where, over time, the so-called settlements arose.

Name

Mogilev is a city of regional subordination in the eastern part of Belarus. The population of Mogilev is in third place in the republic and continues to grow. Folk legend connects the name of the city with the name of the hero Masheka, over whose grave a large mound was poured, called the “Tomb of the Lion”. The national poet of Belarus reworked this legend into a poem of the same name.

City `s history

For the first time, Mogilev was mentioned in 1267 in the "List of cities near and far", dating back to the end of the 14th century. In the 15th century, the city was one of the important points on trade routes leading from east to west and from north to south, it had its own customs. On January 28, 1577, Grand Duke Stefan Batory awarded the first coat of arms to Mogilev. In 1590-1592. The city opened the first comprehensive fraternal school, where they studied the Old Belarusian and Latin languages. On December 13, 1595, the Cossack pens of S. Nalivaiko burned almost half of Mogilev, including several churches, and destroyed a significant number of citizens. After this attack, the city was rebuilt for many years. At the beginning of the 17th century, Mogilev was one of the largest cities in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and had the right to hold two regular fairs. In 1616, a printing house began to operate under the Mogilev Brotherhood, in which, during the 17-18 centuries. about 40 books were printed. In 1632, the only Orthodox diocese in Belarus at that time was founded here. In 1722 it became part of the Russian Empire, where it became the center of the republic of the same name. During the war of 1812, the city was occupied by French troops for some time. To the first world war Tsar Nicholas II stayed here. During the Second World War from July 1941 to June 1944 Mogilev was under German occupation.

Sights of Mogilev

The population of Mogilev is not the largest in Belarus, so the city never became the cultural capital of the country, however, there are a lot of beautiful and memorable places in this city. If you find yourself in Belarus, you should definitely visit Mogilev. Here are just a few of the attractions of this city.

St. Nicholas Monastery

The construction of the monastery began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the next century, it was attacked by the Swedes and significantly damaged during a fire. During the persecution during the years of Soviet power, the monastery was plundered, and in 1934 it was closed. The monastery was completely restored and restored only at the end of the 90s.

Church of St. Casimir

An architectural monument of the 17th-19th centuries. Built in 1604 by order of the king who was the owner of the city land in Mogilev. In 1810 the church was rebuilt in the classical style.

Mogilev City Hall

An architectural monument in the central part of the city. The population of Mogilev considers it a symbol of their city. The construction of the town hall began in 1578. Initially, it was built of wood, so it repeatedly suffered during fires and even burned out completely. On September 4, 1679, the construction of a new stone building began. Main building was erected by 1681. In September 1708, the Town Hall was once again damaged by fire, but was quickly restored. The height of the new building surpassed all others in the city. It was from here that at one time Empress Catherine II admired the outskirts of the city of Mogilev. During the Great Patriotic War The town hall was almost completely destroyed. In the 1950s, a decision was made to restore the architectural monument, but restoration began only in the 1990s. The grand opening of the Mogilev City Hall took place during the celebration of the City Day in 2008.

Cathedral of the Three Saints

The main Orthodox church in the city of Mogilev, an architectural monument of the early 20th century. The name of the temple echoes its distinctive feature - the ability to enter the building from three sides. Construction began in 1903 and lasted 11 years. In 1914, the temple, crowned with seven domes and built in the shape of a cross, was completed. In 1961, during the persecution, the church was closed, but in 1889 it was returned to believers. Today, the entire Mogilev is proud of the Cathedral of the Three Hierarchs. The center of the Orthodox life of the city is located in this church.

One of the largest is constantly growing and developing. According to the Master Plan of the city, the population of Mogilev by 2030 will grow by 30,000 people. In this regard, it is planned to expand the territory of the city and build new facilities. G. Mogilev is a large industrial center. More than 60 enterprises of mechanical engineering, metalworking, metallurgy operate on the territory of the city. The city has long been known as a major center of crafts and artistic crafts. Mogilev is a promising center for the development of tourism in Belarus.

The climate in Mogilev is temperate continental. Geographical position cities affect weather. The weather in Mogilev will delight you with mildness. Even in summer days the air temperature does not exceed the permissible mark. It rains quite often, but ends quickly, so you can visit the city and see its sights at any time of the year.

Mogilev is the third (after Minsk and Gomel) city of Belarus by the number of inhabitants. The population is 372,000 (2009). It is located on the picturesque banks of the Dnieper, 645 km from its source. The Dnieper divides the city into two parts. Right bank of the root. It rises 35-40 m above the low water level of the river. From here you can see the Zadneprovsky part of the city, which was previously flooded with water for several weeks during the flood, and now it is almost completely built up. The width of the Dnieper in Mogilev reaches 65 m. The Dnieper is navigable for 100-150 days a year.

Story

1267 - 1772

Mogilev begins its chronicle history in 1267. A city arose on a high hill near the bend of the Dnieper at the confluence of the Dubrovenka river. A castle was founded in this place, around which a city was formed over the following centuries. Numerous wars that swept through the territory of Belarus repeatedly destroyed the city itself, but its fortress survived, and its few buildings that have survived to this day are the main monuments of old Mogilev. Over time, the city turned into a major trade and craft center with an effective system of defensive fortifications. There was no city in Belarus that, like Mogilev, would have three belts of fortifications. Scattered all over central region of the city and beyond its borders, historical monuments preserve the flavor of the historical past of the city on the Dnieper.

After its foundation in 1267, starting from the 14th century, Mogilev became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After the signing of the Union of Lublin, it became part of the Commonwealth (Polish-Lithuanian federal state). Mogilev flourishes, being an important transport hub at the crossroads of trade routes: north-south and west-east.

In 1526, Mogilev received the right of a city, in 1561 he received a small Magdeburg right from King Sigismund August, and in 1577 from King Stefan Batory - a large Magdeburg right.

After the First Partition of the Commonwealth in 1772, Mogilev became part of the Russian Empire and became the center of the Mogilev province.

War of 1812

On June 12, 1812, the 600,000-strong Napoleonic army invaded Russia. In the face of a triple numerical superiority of the enemy, the Russian troops began to retreat. On July 11, between the villages of Soltanovka and Fatovo, 12 km southwest of Mogilev, a battle began between the troops of the 7th Infantry Corps under the command of Lieutenant General N. N. Raevsky and French troops under the command of Marshal Davout.

In memory of the battle near Soltanovka in 1812, a monument was erected.

In 1901, Kofod was assigned to Mogilev, where, after many years of unsuccessful searches, he finally "found what was still lacking to start an agitation campaign for the expansion ... - Russian villages, developed on the peasants' own initiative."

In the men's gymnasium (currently occupied by a shopping center) they study a lot famous people(Rothkirch, Vasily Alekseevich, Nikolai Sudzilovsky and others).

World War I

During the First World War, from August 1915 to November 1917, the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief was located in Mogilev in the building of the current local history museum, Emperor Nicholas II lived in the city.

Mogilev - the capital of the BSSR

In 1938, in connection with the project of transferring the capital of the BSSR to Mogilev, the reconstruction of the city began. The House of Soviets, the cinema "Rodina", the building of the NKVD of the BSSR (now the Belarusian-Russian University), a hotel, a number of multi-storey residential buildings were built. Significant appropriations were allocated for the improvement of the city, education, and health care. Developed in a short time general plan cities.

The Great Patriotic War

On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union. The Great Patriotic War began. Already at the end of June 1941, German troops were in the Mogilev area. For seventeen days, from July 4 to July 21, there were battles in all directions on the outskirts of the city. Particularly heavy fighting took place in the village of Buinichi. However, under the superior forces of the Nazis, which consisted of: 4 infantry divisions, the 3rd tank division, part of the forces of the 10th motorized and part of the motorized division of the SS "Reich", the regiment "Grossdeutschland", our troops were forced to retreat. On July 26, 1941, the Nazis captured Mogilev. Under the walls of the city, the Nazis suffered significant losses. During the interrogation of a captured German staff officer, it was found out that the Wehrmacht formations participating in the battles near the city lost 30-35% personnel, 45-50% tanks, self-propelled guns and armored personnel carriers, a large number of guns, machine guns and other weapons. The defense of Mogilev from July 5 to July 26, 1941 made it possible to delay the advance of German troops to the east (see Defense of Mogilev). In memory of the bloody battles in the village of Buinichi, a memorial complex to the heroic defenders of the city of Mogilev "Buinichi Field" was opened.

Economy

Mogilev is the cultural and economic center of the Mogilev region.

In Mogilev, more than 48.6% of the value of the gross industrial output of the region is produced and about 47% of the industrial and production personnel is concentrated. According to the results of work for January-December 2009, the volume of industrial production in current prices amounted to 3636.0 billion Belarusian rubles. In the sectoral structure of the industrial complex of Mogilev, the dominant industries are chemical and petrochemical (32.3%), mechanical engineering and metalworking (30.3%), food (12.1%), light (10.9%), which determine almost the entire foreign trade city ​​turnover. The Mogilevkhimvolokno enterprise is Europe's largest complex for the production of polyester fibers and threads.

Education

There are 44 schools, 4 lyceums, 4 gymnasiums, universities in the city:
Belarusian-Russian University
Mogilev State University named after A. A. Kuleshova
Mogilev State University of Food
Belarusian Institute of Law
Institute for Advanced Studies and Retraining of Personnel of the Belarusian-Russian University
Mogilev State Regional Institute for the Development of Education

Transport

The city has such public transport as buses, trolleybuses, Railway and to some extent navigable transport on the Dnieper River. There is an airport outside the city.

Attractions

Relatively few sights have been preserved in Mogilev (most were blown up in the post-war period). From places of worship the functioning Orthodox St. Nicholas Monastery (for women) and the Catholic Church of St. Stanislaus (in the Baroque style) have been preserved. Historical Center city ​​- the pedestrian street Leninskaya with preserved buildings of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Drama Theatre, built in 1888, building railway station. In 2008 the City Hall was restored.

Soviet square

Soviet Square was previously called Torgovaya. Below, if you look from the high bank, to the left of the bridge across the Dnieper, there used to be a pier. Mogilev was big river port. After joining in 1772 Mogilev to Russia Trade area was named Governor. Its new look was developed by famous Russian architects N. A. Lvov and V. P. Stasov. Shops and other buildings are being demolished from the square, and four two-story buildings in the style of classicism are being erected along its perimeter: the Governor's House, the building of the provincial government, the house of the vice-governor and the building in which the Zemstvo court, the medical board, the archive, and later, the district court were located (now here regional local history museum). Of the entire complex, only the building has survived, which now houses the regional museum of local lore. In 1919 the square received a new name. In honor of the 2nd Provincial Congress of Soviets (held in the building of the city government), which declared Soviet power in the Mogilev province on December 15, 1917, it became known as Soviet. During the German occupation in 1941-1944. Sovetskaya Square - the place of execution of underground patriots. The area was twice in the zone of fierce battles for the city, in 1941 and 1944. The bombing of Mogilev did not pass her by either. Soviet aviation in 1943. Heaps of rubble remained in place of the governor's house and the provincial government, only the box reminded of the vice-governor's house (demolished in the 1950s), the town hall and other buildings were partially damaged. The ruins were demolished in the late 1940s.

City Hall

A year after the city received in 1577 a charter for the Magdeburg right, the construction of the city hall began in Mogilev. Initially, the town hall was wooden, so it repeatedly burned to the ground, and its location changed. On September 4, 1679, the townspeople began the construction of a stone town hall, the main building of which was erected by 1681, and the construction was completed in 1698. The building was covered with tiles, 2 porches (large and small) were built, above which gilded weathervanes (windmills) were placed. The height of the 8-sided 5-tier tower with a spire was 46 meters.

During Northern war in September 1708 the town hall burned down, but was quickly rebuilt. And in 1733 a major renovation was carried out in it.

The building was the tallest in the city. In 1780 with her observation deck Empress Catherine II and the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph II admired Mogilev. According to experts, the Mogilev City Hall was the best piece of civil architecture in Belarus of the 17th century.

During the Great Patriotic War, the town hall was badly damaged. On December 28, 1952, at a meeting of architects of the BSSR on the protection of architectural monuments, it was decided to restore it. September 11, 1953 - the decision of the Executive Committee of the Mogilev City Council of Deputies No. 725, according to which the town hall building was declared an architectural monument, and its restoration work was to be completed by December 10, 1953. However, the restoration of the town hall was never started. And in July 1957, it was blown up.

The talks about the restoration of the city hall were repeatedly raised, but only on May 23, 1992, the symbolic laying of the 1st stone took place on the old site of the future city hall and its consecration at a solemn prayer service. In reality, the project and construction began only in 2007. In 2008, on the day of the city, its grand opening took place.

Train Station

The building of the railway station was built in 1902 on Dneprovsky Prospekt.

Over its century-long history, it has not changed much, although it has undergone several repairs. In addition, in different time ticket offices and a luggage compartment were built.

Mogilev from A to Z: map, hotels, attractions, restaurants, entertainment. Shopping, shops. Photos, videos and reviews about Mogilev.

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If we hold competitions in population density among the cities of Belarus, then the bronze medal for the honorable third place will officially go to Mogilev. This big regional center, the capital of the region of the same name, dates back to the 13th century. At different times, the number of its inhabitants either decreased after wars, or increased when adversity receded. And in our time, the number of people on the streets of Mogilev is increasing on weekends, holidays and during the holiday season due to tourists traveling to this Belarusian city on four rivers.

How to get there

Getting here is quite simple, but flying, alas, may not work out yet. The city's airport is in a deplorable state, and in 2010 it was forced to rent out some halls to various enterprises. However, airport employees look to the future with great optimism and hope that passenger communication with the capital of Belarus and other states will be established in the near future.

Search for flights to the city of Minsk (nearest airport to Mogilev)

By train

With trains, but full order. You can get to Mogilev directly from Russia, Moldova, Ukraine, Lithuania and, of course, from many cities and towns in Belarus.

By bus

Buses are an alternative to trains. They operate flights throughout the country and even abroad: there are direct routes to Russia, Latvia, Ukraine. It must be said that the worthy state of the Belarusian highways makes it possible to travel to Mogilev by private transport or by intercity taxi.

Weather forecast

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Transport in the city

Public transport of the city is represented by trolleybuses, buses and fixed-route taxis. Travel by bus and trolleybus will cost you 0.45 BYN, in a minibus - 0.55 BYN.

In doubtful cases, do not hesitate to check with local residents: they all speak Russian and are friendly towards tourists. You can also buy a map of Mogilev or a city guide at print kiosks.

Cuisine and restaurants of Mogilev

The first thing to say about food in Mogilev is that there is no McDonald's in the city. Moreover, the city authorities declare their categorical refusal to build it in the near future. Hamburger lovers will undoubtedly be upset, but hardly for long, because here you can have a delicious and inexpensive lunch in many cafes, restaurants, pizzerias and pastry shops.

You can drink coffee with sweets, donuts and other pastries in the cafe "Buffet" (Komsomolskaya St., 5), rumored to be not too inferior to the famous Starbucks, in "Da Vinci", "Blindage", "Star Square", "Intrigue " etc.

Hearty and delicious food is served in pancake houses: "Pancake Smetanyche" (Schmidt Ave., 28) and "Pancake Country" (Pervomayskaya St., 32). Pizzerias "Grand", "Bravo", "Pan-Pizza" and "Parmesan" offer huge selection dishes Italian cuisine(one pizza 40 types!). Taverns "Gurman", "At Maxim" and restaurants "Dnepr", "Korchma", "Izba" and others feed mainly European and national cuisine.

Popular hotels in Mogilev

Shopping and shops

The choice of goods in Mogilev is the same as in the whole of Belarus. Here you can buy wonderful Belarusian knitwear and linen products, excellent quality cosmetics with natural ingredients and souvenirs in the national style. Of course, not counting clothes, shoes and equipment. You can shop both in boutiques and company stores (Areola, Season, Milavitsa) and in shopping centers. These include "Magnet" on the street. Pervomaiskoy, 34/a, City Center (Pozharny per., 19), Preston, Panorama (Krylenko str., 10), Present at Schmidt Ave., 27, and many others.

Entertainment and attractions of Mogilev

Despite its dense population, Mogilev is a very cozy city. Here you can simply walk along the pedestrian Leninskaya Street and the restored embankment, or wander through the parks and city streets, admiring the numerous sculptures. Of course, do not forget to see the local attractions, which include the Church of St. Stanislaus, the chapel of St. Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, the beautiful Nikolsky Cathedral and other religious and historical buildings (for example, the city hall).

Visit the Museum. Maslennikov, located in the historic building of the former peasant land bank, the Byalynitsky-Biruli Museum, the Museum of Local Lore and others. Or maybe you want to visit Mogilev during the days when the annual festival of sacred music "Mighty God", "Golden hit" or the animation festival "Animaevka" are held there?

If your children (or yourself) suddenly get bored of such an educational program, go for a walk to the local zoo or go to the ethnographic village - a museum under open sky located just 2 km from the city.

Oh, and don't forget to visit the Square of the Stars! Not only in order to see the "stars" of prominent citizens, but in order to firmly grasp the finger of the astrologer statue (below, on the leg, it already noticeably differs in color from the rest), sitting near the telescope, and make a wish. Now it will come true for sure!

Prices on the page are for September 2018.

We advise you to go to Mogilev in winter or summer, at the peak of seasonal temperatures. In summer, the green frame transforms the city. In addition, cafes with terraces are open on the pedestrian street, where you can taste the famous Belarusian potato pancakes, washed down with draft beer. In winter, the local architecture plays in a completely special way, favorably set off by a snow cover.

If we talk about average temperatures, then they will not differ much from those that prevail at the time of the year you have chosen in neighboring regions of Russia, the same Smolensk region(Mogilev is only 80 kilometers from the border with Russia). In numbers it looks like this: average temperature January is -5.3 °С, March - -0.8 °С, July - +18.1 °С (this is the hottest month of the year), September - +11.6 °С.

If you go to Mogilev from Minsk, keep in mind: 200 kilometers is a short distance, but surprisingly, even with the same forecast in Mogilev, the weather will always be a little more pronounced: frost is more felt in winter, and heat is felt in summer.

Nature

Mogilev is a very green city. There are many squares (who are interested in the numbers - more than 40), three parks, two forest parks - Pechersky and Lubuzhsky. Again, if we translate all this wealth into units of measurement, then green spaces occupy about 3,000 hectares.

And absolutely separately it is necessary to say about the Dnieper, which divides the city into two parts. The right bank is the historical part of the city, rising 35–40 meters above the river. In Mogilev, the Dnieper reaches almost 100 meters wide and is navigable 230 days a year. In dry years - 100–150 days.

Attractions

Although Mogilev, like other cities of Belarus, lost a lot during the Great Patriotic War, and even after it ended, a lot was destroyed, there is something to see here.

The local temple of the Three Hierarchs, erected at the beginning of the 20th century, was often visited by the Russian Emperor Nicholas II during the First World War: the imperial headquarters was located in the city. The church survived the Second World War, but in 1961 it was devastated: the domes, crosses, the bell tower were demolished, the club of the Strommashina plant was opened in the building. However, in 1989 the temple was returned to believers, and today it majestic building in pseudo-Russian style - one of the decorations of the city. Both in the temple and around it, life is in full swing: very close are the regional puppet show, city administration, grocery market, bus station, many different shops ...

As a separate attraction, Leninskaya Street can be noted - and not at all because it was named after the leader of the world proletariat. It's just that quite a lot (by Belarusian standards - just a record number) of buildings of the 18th-19th centuries of construction survived on it. Since 2004, to the delight of citizens and guests of the city, the street has become a pedestrian street.

Of the places that you definitely need to visit, we will also name the Catholic Cathedral of the Assumption and St. Stanislaus, the current Orthodox St. Nicholas Convent, the city hall restored in 2008 (a building with a very difficult architectural fate), the building of a drama theater.

And, of course, be sure to stop by to say hello to the local Astrologer - a seven-meter statue of an astronomer who looks through a huge telescope. The sculpture by Vladimir Zhdanov is also a sundial - 12 bronze chairs surrounding the stargazer act as a dial, each of which depicts a zodiac sign. This is a relatively recent building, but legends are already being made about it. They say that if you touch the astrologer's foot, you will certainly be lucky, and if you sit on a chair with the image of your zodiac sign and make a wish, it will certainly come true. Let's check?

Nutrition

Even seven or ten years ago, finding a nice culinary establishment in Mogilev was quite problematic. Now, both in the center and far from it, you will find many different cafes and restaurants. There is also traditional Belarusian cuisine, and indispensable Italian pizza, and establishments that do not specialize in anything in particular, but captivate with their special atmosphere.

If you come in the summer, you won't have to look for anything - just go to Leninskaya Street and choose the table you like. For those who travel by car, we advise you to look into the Lubuzh Castle cafe on the 2nd kilometer of the Orsha Highway. Located in the Lubuzh forest park, the establishment is suitable for business meetings, family dinners, and friendly get-togethers.

Accommodation

There are a dozen hotels in the city (Tourist, Mogilev, Gubernskaya, Lira), prices there range from $25 to $170 per night. In addition, in the vicinity there are farmsteads where you can not only spend the night, but also take a steam bath, play billiards. If you prefer the comfort of apartments to the official style of hotels, then for $ 30 per day you can find very nice options. There are apartments for $10 (the condition is worse, the area is smaller), and for $20 - with a good repair, but away from the center.

Entertainment and recreation

Entertainment in the city is also available for every taste. First of all, these are traditional festivals. Every decent city is supposed to have its own theatrical (in Mogilev it is the International Youth Theater Forum [email protected] contact, as well as the City Festival of Amateur Theater Groups "Light of the Ramp" - both are held in March) and a film festival (the city on the Dnieper hosts "Animaevka" - an animation film festival). In July, fans of sacred music gather here - for the festival "Mighty God".

Those who by all means avoid mass events are offered a more intimate holiday: hunting and fishing. There are many forest areas in the Mogilev region where you can hunt elk, deer, wild boar, roe deer, wolf, and other animals, as well as black grouse, capercaillie, duck, snipe, woodcock, hazel grouse. Fans of a more peaceful holiday will be helped to arrange a photo hunt.

Nightlife lovers are not forgotten either: they are expected in numerous nightclubs. You can sing karaoke in "Mainland" and "Metro", an interesting show will please "On Dubrovka" and Joker, and if you come with children, then you have a direct road to Entertainment Center"Portal". For children there is a cafe "Dinozavria", and adults can sing karaoke. Smoking is allowed in all clubs in Mogilev.

Purchases

Conventionally, all purchases in Mogilev can be divided into three blocks: for the soul, for the stomach, for the good of the business. The local factory of art products will please you with memorable souvenirs: they make amazing figurines from straw - each has its own character, the creators obviously approached the matter with soul.

You can please your stomach at any of the local markets, for example, at the one near the temple: local lard, although not as advertised as Ukrainian, is not inferior to it in terms of taste characteristics, and in general meat and sausage products will surely appeal to lovers of such. For marshmallow lovers on pectin, we recommend the products of the Bobruisk factory Krasny Pischevik.

Concerning useful purchases, then we are talking about ... furniture. It is so in demand among Russians that all more or less reputable enterprises provide for the possibility of delivery to Russia. They say it's very profitable - maybe it's time for you to update the sofas and buy a couple of nice armchairs?

Transport

You can move around the city by buses and trolleybuses, in addition, there are fixed-route taxis. Travel to public transport Mogilev in November 2012 cost about 16 cents, in minibuses - traditionally more expensive. Note that buses and trolleybuses run on schedule and almost every conductor has a conductor.

As a separate attraction, we single out the local railway station, opened in 1902. The old building has been restored, it houses a waiting room, an Internet cafe, a buffet, a pharmacy and ATMs. The ticket office building was built later - and differs significantly in style.

There is also an airport in Mogilev - it is located outside the city limits and can receive modern aircraft, including the Boeing 737.

Connection

All Belarusian mobile operators are represented in Mogilev, cellular reliable enough. Besides, in post offices You can use the services of international communication, access the Internet. You can also access the Internet in Internet cafes or using free Wi-Fi access, for example, in the Metro club, the Bufet cafe or the Materik shopping center. If you happen to stay in Mogilev for the night, then you can call without problems from the hotel - there are telephones in every room - or from the apartment.

Safety

Belarus is, in principle, a calm country, and Mogilev is no exception to the rule. However, elementary safety rules should not be neglected: do not walk alone after midnight in remote areas, keep an eye on personal belongings (it must be admitted that pickpockets are always and everywhere, you can only minimize the consequences).

Business climate

Mogilev, located in a very convenient location- at the intersection of roads connecting it with the Baltic States, Poland, Ukraine and Russia, of course, attractive for business development. This attractiveness only increased when the free economic zone "Mogilev" was created in 2002, the special status of which makes it possible to engage in investment and entrepreneurial activities on very favorable terms. FEZ "Mogilev" is focused on the creation and development of high-tech and export-oriented industries.

Real estate

Buying an apartment in Mogilev is much cheaper than in the capital of the republic. An apartment in a new building will cost you between $30,000 and $95,000 (the difference in price is traditionally explained by footage, location, layout, and floor). For $60,000 you can buy a nice "kopeck piece" in a good area.

In the secondary market, offers start from $18,000 and reach $120,000 (an option from the “elite” category is in the historical center, on Leninskaya Street). On average, a one-room apartment will cost about $30,000, a two-room apartment - $33,000-38,000, prices for three-room apartments start at $40,000.

You can come to Mogilev by choosing a hotel in advance, and by completely spontaneously stopping along the way - this is not the most relevant tourist destination, the city lives its measured life, which is always a pleasure to touch. This is the charm of the province in the best sense of the word.

Rescue service phone - 101, police - 102, ambulance - 103. Just in case, remember, but we sincerely wish that you never had a chance to use any of them!

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City
Belarusian Magilёў
Flag
53°55′ N. sh. 30°21′ in. d.
A country	Belarus
Region	Mogilevskaya
internal division	Leninsky and Oktyabrsky districts
Chairman city ​​executive committee	Tsumarev, Vladimir
History and geography
Based	1267
City with	1267
Square	118.50 km²
Center height	193 m
Timezone	UTC+3
Population
Population	▲ 381,353 people (2018)
Density	3218 people/km²
National composition	Belarusians - 87.43% Russians - 7.15% Ukrainians - 1.06% others - 4.36%
Names of residents	residents of Mogilev, residents of Mogilev, residents of Mogilev
Digital IDs
Telephone code	+375 222
Postal codes	212001-212040
car code	6
Other
Awards
Domain	mogilev.by
City on the Dnieper
city.mogilev.by

(Belarusian Magileu) - in the east, the administrative center of the Mogilev region and the Mogilev region.

Mogilev is the third largest city in Belarus by the number of inhabitants (after and). The population is 381,353 people (January 1, 2018). It is located on the picturesque banks of the Dnieper, 645 km from its source. An extensive network of railways and highways, radiating from the city in all directions, connects it with the largest industrial and cultural centers Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.

200 km separate Mogilev from the capital of Belarus, up to a straight line - 520 km, up to - about 700 km, up to - 380 km. The Dnieper River divides the city into two parts. Right bank of the root. It rises 25-30 meters above the low water level of the river. From here you can see the Zadneprovsky part of the city, which was previously flooded with water for several weeks during the flood, and now it is almost completely built up. The width of the Dnieper in Mogilev reaches almost 30 meters. The Dnieper is navigable for 230 days a year (100-150 in dry times).

During the period of the XVII-XIX centuries. in order to distinguish it from the city of Mogilev on the Dniester, until the latter was renamed in 1923, it was often called Mogilev on the Dnieper, Mogilev provincial.

Story

From 1267

Written sources speak very sparingly about the time of the emergence of Mogilev.

The existence of a fortified large settlement in the X-XI centuries. corroborate material historical sources found during archaeological sites in 1998-2007 on the territory of the Castle by Doctor of Historical Sciences Marzalyuk I.A. In 2005, during excavations in the old part of the city, at a depth of 2.5 meters, the remains of a church from the beginning of the 12th century were discovered. In one of the memorable books of the Mogilev province for 1861, it is indicated that, according to legend, the founding of the city is connected not with the construction of a castle, but with the construction of a church.

The year of its foundation is considered to be the report of the chronicler Surta about the laying of the Mogilev castle in 1267. It was built on a high hill at the bend of the Dnieper at the confluence of the Dubrovenka River, where a fishing village already existed at that time. A city developed around the castle over the following centuries. Numerous wars repeatedly destroyed the city itself, but its fortress survived, and its few buildings that have survived to this day are the main monuments of old Mogilev. Over time, the city turned into a major trade and craft center with an effective system of defensive fortifications. There was no city in Belarus that, like Mogilev, would have three belts of fortifications. Historical monuments scattered throughout the central district of the city and beyond preserve the flavor of the historical past of the city on the Dnieper.

There is no reliable information about the origin of the name of the city. There are only assumptions, traditions and legends. The name may be based on the personal name Mogila, as evidenced by the presence of the possessive suffix -yov, usually combined with personal names. However, a specific person with that name has not been identified in the history of the city. In the introduction to the "Chronicle of the city of Mogilev" it is said that this name comes from the name of Prince Lev Danilovich Mogiy (a mighty lion), who in 1267 built the Mogilev castle. Some researchers associate the origin of the name of the city with the name of the Polotsk prince Lev Vladimirovich, or Leo the Mighty. There is also a version about the origin of the name of the city from the Finno-Ugric grave- "Mountains above the water."

As part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Since the 14th century, Mogilev, mentioned in the chronicle "List of Russian cities near and far", has been part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After the signing of the Union of Lublin, it became part of the Commonwealth (Polish-Lithuanian state). Mogilev flourishes, being an important transport hub at the crossroads of trade routes: north-south and west-east.

On December 5, 1522, Grand Duke Sigismund signed a charter to Prince Vasily Ivanovich Solomeretsky for lifelong possession of the castle and parish of Mogilev.

In 1526, Mogilev received the right of a city, in 1561 he received a small Magdeburg right from King Sigismund August, and in 1577 from King Stefan Batory - a large Magdeburg right. In 1595, rebel detachments of Severin Nalivaiko attacked Mogilev, the city suffered significant destruction, many of the inhabitants were killed.

In 1618, the Mogilev uprising took place against the onset of the Greek Catholic (Uniate) Church, suppressed by the authorities of the Commonwealth. The instigators of the uprising were executed, and all Orthodox churches and the monasteries were transferred to the possession of the Uniates and Catholics.

In 1654, Mogilev opened the gates of the Russian army without a fight. A year later, it was besieged by a 12,000-strong Polish-Lithuanian army led by Janusz Radziwill, but to no avail lifted the siege. Also in 1660, the Russian garrison, together with the Zaporozhye Cossacks, successfully repulsed the Polish-Lithuanian siege.

However, already at the beginning of 1661, as a result of a popular uprising, the Russian garrison was completely destroyed by the townspeople and the city returned to the Commonwealth. The uprising in Mogilev took place under the leadership of the steward Yazep Leonovich. "Chronicle Belarusian city Mogilev” reports that the townspeople killed three thousand Russian soldiers, but there are suggestions that this figure is too high. It is possible that the inhabitants of Zadneprovye also participated in the uprising, since it was impossible to place the entire Russian garrison only in the central part of the city. Presumably, about half of the Russian garrison lived in houses on Lupolovo and Troechye.

The events of the war between Russia and the Commonwealth became a real tragedy for the inhabitants of Zadneprovya. The troops of both Jan Casimir and the Russian Tsar, passing through the territory of Lupolov and Troyechya, often robbed and killed local residents, burned their houses and churches. In 1662, the Austrian diplomat and traveler Augustin Meyerberg passed through the city, who left a description of the architecture, life of the inhabitants and the surroundings of Mogilev.

Mogilev was badly damaged during the Northern War, burning down in 1708. The Slovak memoirist Daniel Krman (1663-1740), in his diary written in Latin, tells the following about Mogilev: August 16, we entered the city of Mogilev. This city has deep ditches and defensive fortifications. It also has extensive suburbs, although the city itself is small. One of the Swedish soldiers also wrote down his impressions of Mogilev: “The Dnieper or Borisfen (Nieper eller Borysthenes) flows through Mogilev, which, together with the suburbs on both banks of the river, is quite Big city. The city is well built and has a rich, solid appearance. It has an earthen rampart, with which the whole Mogilev is surrounded in a circle, even the suburb on this bank of the river is also protected by the rampart.

After the first partition of the Commonwealth in 1772, Mogilev became part of Russian Empire and became the center of the Mogilev province, and in 1777 - the Mogilev province. The first Mogilev governor was Count Mikhail Vasilievich Kakhovskiy.

In 1780, the Russian Empress Catherine II visited Mogilev, where she met with the Austrian Emperor Joseph.

Patriotic War of 1812

Monument in Saltanovka

Banner and timpani of the Russian army, from the time of 1812, exposition of the Mogilev Museum.

On June 12, 1812, the 600,000th Napoleonic army invaded. In the face of a triple numerical superiority of the enemy, the Russian troops began to retreat. On July 11, between the villages of Saltanovka and Fatovo, 12 km southwest of Mogilev, a battle began between the troops of the 7th Infantry Corps under the command of Lieutenant General N. N. Raevsky and French troops under the command of Marshal Davout. Russian troops gave battle to the French in order to divert their attention from the crossing of the main forces of the 2nd Army across the Dnieper.

In memory of the battle near Saltanovka in 1812, a monument was erected.

Mogilev City Hall, early 1900s

World War I

During the First World War, from August 1915 to November 1917, the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief was located in Mogilev in the building of the current local history museum, Emperor Nicholas II lived in the city.

Revolutionary events

After the February Revolution of 1917, the Belarusian National Committee was created in Mogilev (editor of the newspaper "Mogilev News" Mikhail Kokhanovich was one of the organizers of the BNK, later became its chairman).

All the Supreme Commanders who were in office after the February Revolution worked in Mogilev - M. V. Alekseev, A. A. Brusilov, L. G. Kornilov. On September 1, 1917, General of the Infantry L. G. Kornilov was arrested in Mogilev on behalf of the Provisional Government. He was held under arrest for 12 days at the Bristol Hotel before being sent to Bykhov.

On November 20, 1917, on the platform of the Mogilev railway station, the last Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, N. N. Dukhonin, was killed by the Bolsheviks.

House of Soviets

Mogilev as a possible capital of the BSSR

In 1938, in connection with the project of transferring the capital of the BSSR to Mogilev, the reconstruction of the city began. The House of Soviets, the cinema "Rodina", the building of the NKVD of the BSSR (now the Belarusian-Russian University), a hotel, a number of multi-storey residential buildings were built. Significant appropriations were allocated for the improvement of the city, education, and health care. In a short time, a general plan of the city is being developed. But as a result of the annexation of Western Belarus to the BSSR, the idea of ​​transferring the capital from Minsk to Mogilev disappeared. After the liberation of the BSSR from the German invaders, since it was almost completely destroyed, Mogilev was again considered as possible capital BSSR, but never received this status.

The Great Patriotic War

On June 22, 1941, Germany attacked the Soviet Union. The Great Patriotic War began. Already at the end of June 1941, German troops were in the Mogilev area. For seventeen days, from July 4 to July 21, there were battles in all directions on the outskirts of the city. Particularly heavy fighting took place in the village of Buinichi. However, in front of the superior forces of the Wehrmacht, which were: 4 infantry divisions, the 3rd Panzer Division, part of the forces of the 10th Motorized Division and the SS Reich Motorized Division, the Great Germany Regiment, the Soviet troops were forced to retreat. On July 26, 1941, the Germans captured Mogilev, under the walls of which they suffered significant losses. During the interrogation of the captured German staff officer, it was found out that the Wehrmacht formations participating in the battles near the city lost 30-35% of their personnel, 45-50% of tanks, self-propelled guns and armored personnel carriers, a large number of guns, machine guns and other weapons.

The defense of Mogilev from July 3 to July 26, 1941 made it possible to delay the advance of German troops to the east (see Defense of Mogilev). In memory of the bloody battles in the village of Buinichi, a memorial complex to the heroic defenders of the city of Mogilev "Buinichi Field" was opened.

Having captured Mogilev, the Nazis established a brutal occupation regime, created several concentration camps, including the Grebenevsky and Lupolovsky death camps, the 341st transit camp for Soviet prisoners of war. During the war years, more than 70 thousand Soviet citizens died in Mogilev and its environs, about 30 thousand Mogilev residents were taken to Germany for forced labor.

According to the 1939 census, there were 19,715 Jews in Mogilev - 19.83% of total number residents. For the most part they were driven by the Nazis to the Mogilev ghetto and by 1943 were killed - about 12,000 people.

Geography

Geographical position

The city is located - 53 ° 54 "N and 30 ° 20" E. d

Climate

Authorities

The Mogilev City Council of Deputies is a local representative body of power. Residents of the city elect 40 deputies to the Council in single-member districts for a term of 4 years. The current 28th convocation of the City Council of Deputies was elected on February 18, 2018. The deputies from their composition elect a presidium consisting of the chairman of the city council, his deputies and chairmen of standing committees. The chairman of the City Council of the current convocation is Kiblov Andrey Stanislavovich.

The executive power in Mogilev is the Mogilev city executive committee, whose chairman is appointed by the president for a term of 4 years and approved by the deputies of the city council. Since April 16, 2013, the mayor of the city (head of the city executive committee) is Tsumarev, Vladimir Mikhailovich.

culture

Boris Babochkin worked in the Mogilev theater.

• Festivals:
  • Animaevka
  • Golden hit
  • M [email protected] contact
  • Plasticine stork
  • Mighty God

Cinemas:

• Red Zorka (3D) (December 24, 2010 - 80 years old)
• Motherland (3D)
• Vetraz (3D)
• Space (3D)
• October (3D)

Sports and recreation

Teams located in the city:

• Football: Torpedo, Dnipro, FC Nadezhda
• Ice hockey: HC Mogilev
• Volleyball: "Mogilev Lions", "Kommunalnik"
• Handball: "Masheka"
• Basketball: "Borisfen"

Attractions

The house of the merchant Antoshkevich on Leninskaya street (1698)

Relatively few sights have been preserved in Mogilev (most were blown up in the post-war period). Of the religious buildings, the functioning Orthodox St. Nicholas Convent, the Catholic Cathedral of the Assumption and St. Stanislav (in the Baroque style), the Cathedral of the Three Hierarchs, the Exaltation of the Cross Church of the 17th century, the Holy Cross Exaltation Cathedral of 1869 have been preserved. The historical center of the city is the Leninskaya pedestrian street with preserved buildings of the 18th-19th centuries. Drama theatre, built in 1888, the building of the railway station. In 2008, the city hall building was restored.

Glory Square

Monument on the Square of Glory

Sovetskaya Square used to be called Torgovaya Square. Below, if you look from the high bank, to the left of the bridge across the Dnieper, there used to be a pier. Mogilev was a major river port. After Mogilev was annexed to Torgovaya Square in 1772, it was named Gubernatorskaya Square. Its new look was developed by famous Russian architects N. A. Lvov and V. P. Stasov.

Shops and other buildings are being demolished from the square, and four two-story buildings in the style of classicism are being erected along its perimeter: the governor's house, the building of the provincial government, the house of the vice-governor and the building that housed the zemstvo court, the medical board, the archive, and later the district court (now here is the regional museum of local lore). Of the entire complex, only the building has survived, which now houses the regional museum of local lore. In 1919, the square received a new name: in honor of the 2nd Provincial Congress of Soviets (held in the building of the city government), which declared Soviet power in the Mogilev province on December 15, 1917, it became known as Sovietskaya.

During the German occupation in 1941-1944. Sovetskaya Square - the place of execution of underground patriots. The square was twice in the zone of fierce battles for the city in 1941 and 1944. The bombing of Mogilev by Soviet aircraft in 1943 did not pass her by either. Heaps of rubble remained in the place of the governor's house and the provincial government, only the box reminded of the vice-governor's house (demolished in the 1950s), the town hall and other buildings were partially damaged. The ruins were demolished in the late 1940s.

city ​​hall

city ​​hall

In 1578, a year after the city received a charter for the Magdeburg right, the construction of the city hall began in Mogilev. Initially, the town hall was wooden, so it repeatedly burned to the ground, and its location changed. On September 4, 1679, the townspeople began the construction of a stone town hall, the main building of which was erected by 1681, and the construction was completed in 1698. The building was covered with tiles, 2 porches (large and small) were built, above which gilded weathervanes (windmills) were placed. The height of the 8-sided 5-tier tower with a spire was 46 meters.

During the Northern War in September 1708, the town hall burned down, but was quickly restored, and in 1733 it underwent a major renovation.

The building was the tallest in the city. In 1780, Empress Catherine II and Austrian Emperor Joseph II admired Mogilev from its observation deck.

During the Great Patriotic War, the town hall was badly damaged. On December 28, 1952, at a meeting of architects of the BSSR on the protection of architectural monuments, a decision was made to restore it, on September 11, 1953 - the decision of the Executive Committee of the Mogilev City Council of Deputies No. 725, according to which the town hall building was declared an architectural monument, and the work on its restoration should have been completed by December 10, 1953. However, the restoration of the town hall was never started. And in July 1957, it was blown up.

The talks about the restoration of the city hall were repeatedly raised, but only on May 23, 1992, the symbolic laying of the 1st stone took place on the old site of the future city hall and its consecration at a solemn prayer service. In reality, the project and construction began only in 2007. In 2008, on the day of the city, its grand opening took place.

Train Station

Train Station

The building of the railway station was built in 1902 on Dneprovsky Prospekt.

For its more than a century of history, it has not changed much, although it has undergone several repairs. In addition, ticket offices and a luggage compartment were built at different times.

Parks, squares, alleys

In Mogilev there are Pechersk, Kazimirovsky and Lubuzhsky forest parks, 3 parks, more than 40 public gardens.Total area green spaces Mogilev is about three thousand hectares. Work is underway to create a city park of culture and recreation "Podnikolie", which will be located in the city center in the floodplain of the Dnieper near the St. Nicholas Convent.

The names of 104 Heroes of the Soviet Union - natives and residents of the Mogilev region - are immortalized on the Alley of Heroes.

Leninskaya street in the city center

Economy

Mogilev is the cultural and economic center of the Mogilev region.

In 2012, industrial enterprises shipped products in current prices in the amount of 16,647 billion rubles.

In the sectoral structure of the industrial complex of Mogilev, the dominant industries are chemical and petrochemical (29.1%), mechanical engineering and metalworking (35.2%), food (18.8%), light (11.0%), which determine almost the entire foreign trade city ​​turnover. The Mogilevkhimvolokno enterprise is Europe's largest complex for the production of polyester fibers and threads.

Trade

In 2008, IE "BelWillesden" opened the first hypermarket in the region, which became the first hypermarket of the Hippo chain outside the Belarusian capital. In 2014, the E-city hypermarket was opened, which is considered the largest shopping and entertainment center in the Mogilev region. On December 15, 2012, a hypermarket of building and finishing materials OMA was opened. In 2015, the Park City shopping center began its work. It houses the Euroopt stores, the 5 Element household and audio-video equipment store, the LC Waikiki, Mark Formelle clothing and footwear stores, and many other retail facilities. It is noteworthy that the surrounding area is landscaped and equipped for the interests of skaters and cyclists. In the car park opposite shopping center there are slides and jumps for riding and tricks.

Markets:

Transport

Bus and trolleybus traffic is organized in the city, as well as traffic fixed-route taxis. There are 42 bus routes, 6 trolleybus routes and more than 40 fixed-route taxis.

To some extent, for intracity passenger transportation is used railway transport. Located within the city limits railway stations: Mogilev 1, Mogilev 2, Lupolovo, Mogilev 3, stopping point Gorodshchina.

Outside the city there is Mogilev airport, from which charter flights to the resorts of Egypt, Turkey and Bulgaria.

For tourism purposes, shipping is organized along the Dnieper along the route Mogilev Zoo - Mogilev (pier on Bolshaya Chausskaya Street) - Alexandria.

Education

Story

The first schools in Mogilev existed at churches and monasteries. In the XIV-XV centuries, schools were created on large estates.

In 1590-92, a fraternal school was founded in the city at the Spassky Monastery, which played an important role in the development of education and in the fight against the forced imposition of Catholicism among the population. The school studied Slavic, Greek, Latin, Polish, Russian languages, dialectics, rhetoric, music. The school also gave some knowledge in arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, geography.

In the 1740s, a PR school was opened in Mogilev, where, in addition to history, religion and theology, they also studied Polish and Latin, mathematics, physics, etc.

In 1789, after the annexation of the eastern part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to Russia, the main public school was opened, on the basis of which a men's gymnasium was established in 1809. In 1838, a boarding school was opened for students - nobles. Parish district and private schools and gymnasiums, boarding houses and schools for children of wealthy parents were created. In 1865, a women's gymnasium was opened, a midwife and obstetrics, in 1875 a medical assistant, in 1899 a women's Sunday school, and in 1885 a real school.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a vocational school for boys, a commercial school, accounting courses, and a private music school were opened. In 1912, there were 5 gymnasiums in the city, schools - real, commercial, women's, 5 preparatory, 2 city, 2 Jewish, as well as men's theological and women's diocesan schools, theological seminary, progymnasium, schools - women's 2-class, 5 church parochial, 2 general education.

In 1913 a teacher's institute was opened.

In 1918, the city department of public education was created, which began to implement a broad program for public education. To introduce universal education, a census of school-age children was carried out, a unified Soviet school was created with 2 levels: 1st - for children from 8 to 13 years old (5-year course of study) and 2nd - for children from 13 to 17 years old (4 year course). Education became free.

In 1920, there were 49 schools of the 1st stage and 22-2nd, 43 preschool institutions in the city. In 1918, on the basis of the teacher's institute, a pedagogical institute was founded (since 1937 there was a teacher's institute under it), in 1919 - a polytechnic named after Kommunarov, in 1928 - a cultural and educational school, in 1930 - an architectural and construction technical school named after N. K. Krupskaya , in 1933 - a pedagogical school, in 1937 - a music school. In 1932-36, the Mogilev Political and Educational Institute operated. In the pre-war years, there were 22 schools in the city, in which 15 thousand children studied, 2 institutes, 6 secondary specialized educational institutions.

During the Great Patriotic War, the public education of the city suffered enormous damage. But by the end of 1945, 12 secondary schools were restored in Mogilev, 7.2 thousand children sat at their desks.

In the first post-war years, pedagogical and teacher's institutes, 3 construction schools, 2 vocational schools, 2 schools of agricultural mechanization worked. In 1945, the construction college was reopened, in 1947 - the polytechnic college.

By 1953, the transition to universal secondary education was carried out.

Modernity

Educational institutions operating in Mogilev as of 2012.

universities

• Belarusian-Russian University,
  • Institute for Advanced Studies and Retraining of Personnel of the Belarusian-Russian University,
• Mogilev State University named after A. A. Kuleshov,
  • Institute for Advanced Studies and Retraining of Personnel at the Mogilev State University. A. A. Kuleshova,
• Mogilev State University of Food,
  • Institute for Advanced Studies and Retraining of Personnel of Mogilev state university food,
• Belarusian Institute of Law,
• Pedagogical Faculty of the Belarusian State Academy of Music,
• Mogilev Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus,
• Mogilev State Regional Institute for the Development of Education.

secondary schools

• Mogilev State Economic Vocational and Technical College,
• College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,
• Mogilev Professional Electrotechnical College
• polytechnic college,
• College of Technology,
• Medical College,
• Library College. A. S. Pushkin,
• Social and Humanitarian College,
• Mogilev State Gymnasium-College of Arts
• College of Arts,
• N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov College of Music,
• School of the Olympic reserve.

General secondary education

There are 45 secondary schools, 4 gymnasiums, 4 lyceums, 1 auxiliary school in the city:

• Mogilev City Gymnasium No. 1,
• Mogilev City Gymnasium No. 2,
• Mogilev City Gymnasium No. 3
• Mogilev State Regional Lyceum No. 1,
• Mogilev State Regional Lyceum No. 2,
• Mogilev State Regional Lyceum No. 3,
• Lyceum of the Belarusian-Russian University.

twin cities

Partner cities

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• Barinas, ()
• Al Rayyan, (State of Qatar)
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