Roma city in Italy. Rome in the Middle Ages. Special offers for hotels

Rome - the most important node transport communication, a financial and shopping center and an international fashion center, as well as a center for national cinema. Industrial complexes occupy territories mainly in the south and east of the city, including enterprises in such industries as electronics, book publishing, chemicals, telephones, textiles and food. But the main significance of Rome is that it is a governmental, administrative and state center. The main employer in the city is the service sector.

Nutrition

In the city, every gourmet and fast food lover will find an institution to their liking. Still, Italy is a recognized country of culinary specialists, and Rome is its capital. One of the famous restaurants in the city is Agata e Romeo, where you will be offered completely unique dishes: rabbit with spices, tomatoes in caramel glaze, cucumber sherbet and more big list culinary exotics. The unique menu offers its visitors the Il Convivio restaurant, where you can taste exotic meat dishes and desserts, ricotta and stuffed pumpkin flowers, as well as get acquainted with the richest wine list of the restaurant.

You can taste classic home cooking at the Spinosi Alberto restaurant. Specialties are traditional homemade pastries and fish cooked according to an ancient recipe.

Vegetarians will fall in love with the Margutta Vegetariano-RistorArte restaurant, where live music is played on weekends. Seafood lovers should visit La Rosetta restaurant and order fish platter there. Menu family restaurant Vicolo delle Grotte is European cuisine. The La Taverna del Ghetto restaurant serves the best traditional Italian dishes.

Restaurant Gusto is divided into a pizzeria and a European restaurant. And in the Glass Hostaria restaurant you will enjoy not only excellent Italian cuisine, but also an interesting modern design.

Transport

Rome has two metro lines, six tram lines and many bus routes. All urban public transport is owned by one company, so all modes of transport are subject to single tickets. Night buses run from midnight to 5.30 am (with index N). You can buy a bus route map at the ATAC Information Desk, for example at the desk in Piazza dei Cinque-cento or Stazione Termini.

When you get on a bus or tram, do not forget to punch your ticket. If the device does not work, then write the date and time of boarding on the ticket with a pen. Try to buy travel tickets in advance, as drivers do not always sell them.

The cost of a ticket for one trip lasting up to 75 minutes is 1 €, while you can have time to ride on several routes during this time (changing, for example, a bus for a tram). In Rome, you can buy tickets for one day, three days and a week. They cost 4.1€, 11€ and 16€ respectively. There are passes for more long term, but for this you will have to issue a special certificate.

Do not be surprised if a taxi driver drove by with a wave of his hand, the fact is that in Rome they stop only in specially designated places. So you still have to look for a taxi stop.

Purchases

Antiques are sold on the streets near Piazza Navona and on Via dei Coronari. Fashionable (expensive) clothes - mainly in shops around the Spanish Steps, as well as on Via Condotti, clothes are somewhat cheaper on Via del Corso or Via Frattina; second hand - on Via del Governo Vecchio. The market at Campa de Fiori is especially good.

Safety

The capital of Italy is considered a safe city, with tourists there are extremely rare troubles. In the historical part of Rome, you can safely walk both day and night. But still do not forget about the elementary rules of caution.

most great danger represent pickpockets and shippatore (thieves on mopeds), who rip off bags from passers-by on the go. You can come across such robbers in the Termini station area and other crowded places: at the Colosseum, on the Spanish Steps, at the Trevi Fountain. They act very professionally - you will definitely not be able to respond in time. Their objects are handbags, cameras, camcorders. Try to keep such things or hang them in front, and not on your shoulder.

Pickpockets pull out wallets, take off watches, jewelry. Therefore, try to leave valuables at the hotel. In addition, pickpockets often trade in public transport, and the most popular routes among them are buses No. 40 and No. 64, which go from St. Peter's Basilica to Termini Station.

Also, do not forget your bags on the seats of cars - this is a very big temptation for street thieves.

Beware of little gypsies, they have also been taught to work professionally. While some will distract you, others will “cleanse” you quite quickly.

It is recommended to move around Rome on foot, as the sights are literally at every turn. At the same time, it will not be superfluous to have a phrasebook with you, since the locals are not very good at dealing with foreign languages. It is better to change money in large banks or in a hotel.

When visiting the Vatican, be sure to wear closed clothes - in short skirts, shorts, as well as in clothes with a deep neckline and short sleeves, you will not be missed.

In cafes and restaurants, you are expected to tip in the amount of 10% of the total order.

From 13:00 to 16:00 the vast majority public institutions and shops are closed for lunch.

Special offers for hotels

How to get to Rome

By plane. Many airlines have direct flights from Moscow to Rome (travel time is about three and a half hours; a round-trip ticket will cost about 10,000 - 15,000 rubles).

By car. From Moscow to Rome - 3047 km. You will have to travel through Belarus, Poland, the Czech Republic (you will need a transit visa) and Austria. At the borders, long queues and unpleasant searches are possible, and it is not always safe to travel with Russian numbers through Poland.

A visa for motorists is issued in the same way as for everyone else. Car insurance ("green card") is obligatory and can be purchased from the same company as the medical policy. registration certificate and driver license must be international.

Location, climate, population

Even having planned your trip to this city to the smallest detail, it is simply impossible to cover all the Roman sights - even a cursory examination of them will take more than one month. But still there are a number of places that you simply cannot not visit after visiting Rome.

One of these places is Janiculum Hill, from which you can see great view for almost the entire city. IN without fail you should consider a trip to the ruins - it will not only surprise you with its exhibits, but also help you touch the ancient and almost forgotten ancient world. Lovers of beauty simply can not pass by. It contains such a number of exhibits that not every world-famous museum can boast of. And the temple itself is already a worthy reason to devote time to it and admire its majestic architectural solutions.

Do not forget about visiting the ancient Pantheon and the once mighty Colosseum - to visit Rome and not visit them is simply unforgivable. After visiting St. Peter's Basilica and its surroundings, you can take a walk to and throw a coin into its crystal clear water in order to return to these beautiful and sublime places, saturated with the spirit of great ancestors and living in the fastest rhythm of the modern world.

The natural and architectural monuments in Rome are incalculable. It's impossible to see them all! However, the main ones, without which Rome would not be Eternal, are definitely worth a visit.

• . The temple of all gods was erected in ancient times. This is a perfect work of art. The remains of most Italian celebrities are buried here: Rafael, Queen Margherita, Vignola found eternal rest in this temple.

  

  The Pantheon is a large round building with a 43-meter dome. There are 16 granite columns inside.



• This Roman amphitheater for 50,000 spectators, historical place holding gladiator fights. The bloody and gaudy spectacles were intended as entertainment for wealthy Romans.

  

  The Colosseum consists of 4 tiers. It was equipped with special devices. During the battle, it was possible to pour water into the arena, release animals. To get a seat in the hall, you had to get a ticket. The system is practically similar to the modern one. The best places were occupied by the emperor and his entourage. In addition to gladiator fights, chariot races and circus performances were organized in the Colosseum.



• . The most famous Roman hill, a "participant" in all significant historical events. In the center there is a square where meetings of the upper strata of the population were held in ancient times. The square is dominated by a statue of Marcus Aurelius, one of the oldest architectural monuments Europe. A temple dedicated to the gods Juno, Minerva and Jupiter was built here.

  



• was built in 312. She is a symbol of the collapse of a great power. The arch is located between the Palantine and the Colosseum, the height of the building is more than 20 m.


• the first Roman temple. One of the most ancient Christian churches. The temple was founded during the reign of Emperor Constantine.

  



• , which is located on Capitol Square, is the residence of the mayor of Rome.

  



• finished building the legendary Michelangelo. Today the palace houses the French embassy.

  



• sung in many literary compositions. One of the most beautiful is. It combines two styles: baroque and neoclassicism. The fountain was built at the end of the 18th century by the architect Nicolo Salvi.

  

• The gate is another visiting card of the city. The most popular among visitors is the gate of St. Sebastian. They are located in the Aurelian wall, built in 275 AD.

  



• The main green beauty can be called Farnese Gardens. This amazing green place, huge in area, was intended for the rest of wealthy Italians. Now the Fornese Gardens is one of the most popular places to visit.

Where to stay? Rome hotels.

The flow of tourists to Rome never ends, so hotel business in the city at the highest level.

Rome offers a huge number of hotels for overnight stays. The city has star hotels for wealthy tourists, and more budget hostels for students and young visitors.

First-class accommodation houses are located on Via Vittorio Veneto. Millions of cafes and bars have been built here. open sky, souvenir shops and shops.

Gastronomic Rome. What does it taste like?

In a simple cafe that is frequented locals The food is huge, the prices are low. For an appetizer, you can take bruschetta with tomatoes and garlic or pies with ham and cheese.

Spaghetti is the main decoration of the table, the first course. In Rome, as in all of Italy, millions of different types of this authentic Italian delicacy.

Would you like dessert? Try a sweet ricotta liqueur and, of course, ice cream, the pride of Roman confectioners.

Rome is hard to describe. It is a city of millions of monuments, fountains and ancient buildings. It combines modernity and history. Every street in Rome is "impregnated" with a great past. This perfect place for the tourist! The impressions received from this city are incomparable with anything!

We advise you to watch a short colorful video with the main beauties and sights of Rome.

Great and mighty Rome - "the city on seven hills" - legendary, inimitable and so amazing! The dream of millions of tourists from all over the world. Main city Italy is her pride. It is located on the banks of the Tiber River and is administrative center region of Lazio. From ancient times, legends were composed about him, myths were retold. Rome is one of the most mysterious and mysterious cities in the world and real paradise for tourists. A huge number of historical and cultural attractions are concentrated on its territory. Shopping fans will be delighted with the numerous Roman boutiques, salons, supermarkets, shopping centers and souvenir shops. Luxurious restaurants and cozy cafes provide an opportunity to appreciate all the advantages of national Italian cuisine. The youngest guests of the city are waiting for a lot of fun entertainment.

City `s history

According to historical reference books, the history of Rome dates back to the 9th century BC. It was at this time that a small settlement appeared on the coast of the Tiber. But it's just unofficial version. According to official data, the city was founded in 753 BC. The legend says: “... many years ago, on the banks of the Tiber, Princess Rhea Silvia gave birth to two sons - Remus and Romulus. Their father was the god of war, Mars. The brothers grew up, and when it came time to share power, a quarrel broke out between them. In a fit of anger, Romulus killed his brother and became the first king of the "eternal city". During the existence of Imperial Rome, seven kings were replaced. Each of them contributed to the development of the city. The first cathedrals and temples appeared on its territory. During the reign of Servius Tullius, a high fortress wall was erected around it, called the Servian Wall. She served as a reliable defense for the empire.

The Roman Empire grew steadily. There was a need for the construction of roads that could establish communication between the city and other Italian colonies. "Republican period" gave the Romans not the most Better conditions for life - it was almost impossible to buy or build your own housing, prices had tripled, sanitary conditions were at their lowest level, chaos and disorder reigned on the streets. The heyday of Rome fell on the reign of Julius Caesar. The building of the Senate was built in the center of the city. Under Emperor Augustus, Rome expanded significantly, its possessions finally overcame the limits of the Servian wall. The legendary Pantheon, the temple of Mars the Avenger and the temple of Caesar were erected. Roads were laid, sewerage and the first water supply appeared, the first public baths.

During the reign of Emperor Nero, a great fire broke out in the city. Much of the city had to be rebuilt from the ashes. Newly appeared houses and buildings were much more practical and beautiful than the old buildings. Rome shone with new colors. It was at this time that the great and beautiful Colosseum was erected. In the 5th century, the city was repeatedly subjected to barbarian raids and sieges, often passed from one hand to another. In the 6th-8th centuries, power over the state and the city passed into the hands of the church. long time Popes held power in their hands, more and more churches and cathedrals were built. At the end of the 18th century, Rome was captured by French troops led by Berthier. Pope Pius the Sixth had to give up power. He was expelled from the city and soon died. In 1798, the Austrian troops managed to drive the French out of the city, power passed to the Neapolitan king Ferdinand the First. And after 2 years, Pope Pius the Seventh managed to return the power of the church. In the early 19th century, Rome was captured by Napoleon. After his defeat, Pope Pius VII returned to power. In 1848 a revolution broke out in the city. In 1922, Rome was occupied by the Italian fascists, and in 1929, a new state, the Vatican, appeared on the territory of the Roman Republic. During the Second World War, Rome, like many other cities, was occupied by German troops and liberated only in 1944 by the Anglo-American army.

Sights of Rome

Coliseum

In the heart of Piazza del Colosseo rises a dilapidated, but beautiful and mysterious Colosseum. The spirit of the past hovers in the walls of this centuries-old building to this day. At one time it was a huge amphitheater, where various performances were held, performances were played, music was played. The year of construction of the Colosseum is 80. Up to 50 thousand people could fit inside this greatest architectural creation. Due to frequent earthquakes and fires, part of the building was destroyed. But, despite its “shabby” appearance, the Colosseum tirelessly attracts millions of tourists from all over the globe.

Panorama of the Colosseum

Capitol Museum

Tourists are waiting on Capitol Hill interesting excursions. They will be able to appreciate the beauty and grandeur of the imperial palaces, climb one of the observation platforms and admire the breathtaking landscapes, admire the ancient statues. Here is located Capitoline Museum. Its exposition includes unique works of art, ancient figurines and sculptures, paintings and canvases by unsurpassed masters of past centuries. In order to see all the sights of Capitol Hill, it will take more than one day.

Panorama of Capitoline Square

spanish square

There is a large Spanish Square in the center of the city. On its territory there are several interesting sights. In the middle of the square rises the building of the Spanish Embassy. In its northern part is the temple of Trinita de Monti. In order to get to the temple, it is necessary to overcome the path of 138 steps. In the southern part is the Spanish Palace, dated 1620. Spanish Square rightly called the "heart of Roman fashion." It is here that the largest number of luxury boutiques in the city is concentrated.

Panorama of Plaza España in Rome

Ancient Pantheon

The building of the Pantheon is very popular. This is the greatest masterpiece of ancient Roman architecture. Tall white building, decorated with numerous antique columns and domes. In order to let as much light as possible into the building, the architect came up with an unusual idea - to leave a small hole in the roof. If you visit the Pantheon at noon, you can witness an incredible miracle, as a large pillar of light goes high into the sky. Buried within the walls of the Pantheon are famous people like Umberto the First, Raphael and Victor Emmanuel.

St. Peter's Square

In 1656, the famous Italian sculptor and architect Giovanni Bernini put the owl's plan into action - according to his project, the most big square in Rome, St. Peter's Square. Its main decoration is St. Peter's Cathedral. Snow-white columns are installed around the entire perimeter. Later, two magnificent fountains appeared here. The highlight of this project was the unusual shape of the square - in the form of an oval.

Panorama of St. Peter's Square

Forum of Rome

A favorite place for most tourists is the Roman Forum. At present, it is a architectural complex, consisting of several original buildings. Among them are ancient Arches, ancient temples, cathedrals, basilicas. The hallmark of the Forum is the Temple of Saturn, one of the most ancient buildings in Italy.

The Sistine Chapel

Art lovers must visit Sistine Chapel. From the outside, this building is unremarkable - a simple, not very attractive church. But once inside, many realize how deeply mistaken. Visitors find themselves in a magical museum full of colors and wonders. Here are the works of such famous masters as Perugino, Michelangelo, Ghirlandaio, Botticelli and others.

Panorama inside the Sistine Chapel

Church of Santa Maria Maggiore

The Church of Santa Maria Maggiore dating back to the 4th century admires with its unusual architectural design. Interestingly, each element of the building belongs to different eras and different styles architecture. Here and the old Gothic and flashy baroque, austere classics and elegant rococo. Inside the church is decorated with numerous paintings, frescoes and colorful mosaics.

Panorama

Baths of Caracalla

Another unique attraction of Rome is the Baths of Caracalla. Today this place resembles a large dilapidated city. Previously, the first public baths were located here. Each bath had its own dressing room, swimming pool with cold water and a ablutions hall (sauna). Many baths were built right on the thermal springs, so there was no need to heat the water. The baths could hold up to 1500 people.

Panorama of the Baths of Caracalla

Castel Sant'Angelo

In 139, the Mausoleum was built, intended for the burial of imperial persons. Some time later, the mausoleum was converted into a defensive fortress. Currently, the castle walls house historical Museum. Here you can learn a lot about the history and development of Rome.

• Every year on April 21, the townspeople celebrate the birthday of Rome. The program of festive events includes fairs, fireworks, merry parades, gladiator fights, and, of course, tasting of fragrant Italian dishes.
• In the 8th century BC, there were not enough women in the city. Romulus and his senators had to kidnap women from other tribes.
• The most unfortunate number that instills fear in any Roman is the number - 17.
• Rome - unique city. Only on its territory is a separate state of the Vatican.
• The Colosseum of Rome is one of the 7 Wonders of the World.
• Women in Ancient Rome did not have their own names.
• The Romans in ancient times did not use cutlery, but ate with their hands.

The best way to get to Rome is by plane. Located in the vicinity of the city, a large international airport daily receives dozens of external and domestic flights.

Rome (Italy) - the most detailed information about the city with a photo. The main attractions of Rome with descriptions, guides and maps.

City of Rome (Italy)

Rome is the capital of Italy and the Lazio region, one of the most beautiful and most interesting cities peace. The Eternal City is located on the legendary seven hills on the Tiber River, about 25 km from the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Rome is the cradle of a great civilization and the center of one of greatest empires in the history of mankind. Here, almost every street has some kind of attraction and you can easily find monuments of architecture and culture that are several thousand years old. Therefore, it is simply not possible to explore Rome in a couple of days.

Historical Center cities added to the list of objects world heritage UNESCO. In Rome, you can touch the period of Antiquity and the history of the Roman Empire: see the famous Forum, the legendary Colosseum, the ancient Pantheon and many other ancient monuments and grandiose ruins, stroll through the narrow streets with smooth, polished by millions of legs and centuries of stone blocks, sit in cozy street cafes and trattorias, visit the famous Roman squares and fountains, palaces and gardens. In addition, Rome is the center of the Catholic faith: the Vatican, its museums, the square and the Cathedral of St. Petra, Castel Sant'Angelo are also popular with tourists.

Rome has many epithets - "the eternal city", "the city on seven hills". Eternal Rome began to be called in Antiquity. The idea of ​​"eternity" the city carried through the millennia, despite the fall of the mighty Roman Empire.

Rome is called "the city on seven hills" because historically the city is located on seven hills: Palatine, Capitol, Quirinal, Caelius, Aventine, Esquiline and Viminal. Palatine Hill was the first to be settled, then the Capitol and the Quirinal.

Founding of Rome

According to a well-known legend, the foundation of Rome is associated with the brothers Romulus and Remus. They grew up on the banks of the Tiber at the foot of the Palatine, fed by a she-wolf. It was they who founded the settlement here. Then a quarrel arose between the brothers. Romulus killed Remus, becoming the first king of Rome. He also founded a fortified settlement on the Palatine Hill.

Geography and climate

Rome is located in central Italy between the Apennines and the Tyrrhenian Sea. The historical center of the city is spread over seven hills.

The climate of Rome is subtropical Mediterranean. Spring is a relatively mild and rainy season. Usually cool until mid-April. It can get hot in May. Summer is hot and dry. Autumn is warm and wet sunny days alternate with rains, which gradually become more frequent.

Winter, from December to February, is quite mild, considering that the average temperature in January is around 7.5 ° C. Frosts are possible at night. February is usually more like spring.

Best time to visit

Rome can be visited almost all year round. The only thing is that it is very hot in the city in summer. Some establishments close at the end of July-August. Therefore, if you do not like the heat, it is better to come to Rome at another time.

Practical information

1. Population - 2.9 million people (agglomeration 4.6 million). In terms of population, Rome is the 4th city in the EU.
2. The area is 1.3 thousand square kilometers.
3. The language is Italian.
4. Currency - euro.
5. Visa - Schengen.
6. Time - Central European UTC +1, summer +2.

Districts

• The modern center is Veneto, Republic and Barberini Square, the Trevi Fountain and the surroundings of the Quirinal. There are many restaurants and shops here.
• Old city- Renaissance squares, Piazza Navona, Pantheon.
• The Colosseum is the oldest place in Rome, capitol hill, which houses the legendary amphitheater, the Forum, ancient ruins and many museums.
• The Vatican is the Catholic capital of the world: museums, the cathedral and St. Petra, castle of St. Angel.
• North Center - Spanish Steps and Villa Borghese.
• Trastevere is a charming area south of the Vatican, on the west bank of the Tiber, an area of ​​narrow cobbled streets and cozy squares that have served as a source of inspiration for creative people.

Administrative divisions of Rome

Rome is divided into 19 municipalities (municipi), 22 historical districts, 35 quarters, 6 suburbs and 53 zones.

Story

The history of Rome is rich and unique, so it would take an entire book to tell. Here we will limit ourselves to listing the main historical figures and events.

The rise of Rome began in antiquity, during the royal period. According to tradition, there are seven kings. Romulus was the first. At this time, the first temples appeared in Rome (the Temple of Vesta and the Temple of Janus), the famous Servian Wall was built.

After the Royal period, Rome became a Republic. Then began a significant expansion of the Roman state and the strengthening of its power: roads were laid, magnificent temples and palaces were built. Culture, crafts, architecture, art developed. The Roman Republic becomes very powerful, and Rome becomes the center of the Ecumene. Central square became the famous Forum, the ruins of which can now be seen. The growth of the state was accompanied by a change in Rome, which began to expand rapidly, new buildings and structures were erected.

The imperial period of Rome is closely connected with the personality of Gaius Julius Caesar. Caesar erects a new building of the Senate, creates new territory For public buildings on the field of Mars. During this period, the power of the Roman Empire increases.

During the reign of Emperor Nero, the city suffered from a severe fire. Rome was rebuilt after him.

The fall of Rome coincided with the fall of the Roman Empire. In the 5th century, the city was sacked by the Visigoths and Vandals.

At the beginning and middle of the 6th century, in the war between Byzantium and the Ostrogoths, Rome changed hands six times. At this time, the population of the city decreased to 30-40 thousand people. Once greatest city The earth has fallen into disrepair. The magnificent buildings were slowly destroyed and plundered.

This is followed by the period of Papal power in Rome. With its rise, the center of the city became the Vatican Hill with the church of St. Peter. At this time, the old building is freely destroyed. Only those buildings that were used by the local nobility or the Church have survived.

At the beginning of the 16th century, Rome was again sacked.

IN modern times the city became a republic again. Napoleon abolished the Papal States, although after his defeat the power of the Pope was restored.

In 1870, the troops of the Italian kingdom occupied Rome, and it became the capital of the kingdom.

During the Second World War, Rome escaped serious destruction, although it was subjected to German occupation.

How to get there

Rome has modern international airport- Fiumicino, which links the capital of Italy with most major cities Europe and the world.

Almost in the center of Rome is the main railway junction of the city - Termini Station, from which you can get to anywhere in Italy.

Public transport Rome is represented by three metro lines, trams and buses. Very well developed commuter service. Tickets can be bought at tobacconists and public terminals. A one-time ticket costs 1.5 euros and is valid for one trip for 100 minutes.

Shopping and shopping

Rome - perfect place for shopping. Brand shops can be found in the area of ​​Calle del Corso. Shops are cheaper on via del Tritone, Campo de Fiori and in the Pantheon area. If you need a large shopping center, that is:

• Euroma2 - 230 shops and restaurants. Line B "EUR Fermi" or "EUR Palasport".
• Cinecitta Due

Food and drink

Italy is famous for its cuisine: lasagna, pizza, pasta and many other dishes are very tasty. Just in Rome huge selection restaurants and cafes. But the main advice is to avoid the tourist spots. The food is often more expensive and not as good. Step aside a little, take a closer look at whether Italians are sitting in the institution. This is where you can enjoy real Italian cuisine. Based on my experience of Rome tours, I can say that the most delicious food in Rome is in the Campo de Fiori and Trastevere area. From drinks, wine is preferable, which is simply excellent here and even in restaurants it is not very expensive. Also be sure to try the gelato (ice cream).

Attractions

There are a lot of attractions in Rome. Probably, the number of historical, cultural and architectural monuments here is the largest per square meter. To explore at least the main sights of Rome, you need to spend more than one day, but to explore this ancient city completely, you need to come here several times.

Or the Flavian Amphitheater - a symbol of the greatness of ancient Rome and the pride of the present. This is one of the most famous attractions in the world, which is visited by 6 million tourists annually. The Colosseum is the largest amphitheater of Antiquity, which accommodated about 50,000 spectators. Surprisingly, this grand building was built in just 8 years. The construction of the amphitheater was started in 72 and completed in 80. The Colosseum has been in use for 500 years. It hosted gladiator fights, executions, exhibitions of exotic animals. Despite earthquakes, looting and even bombing, the Colosseum still makes a strong impression.

Interesting Colosseum Facts:

• In the Middle Ages, the inhabitants of Rome used the travertine from which the amphitheater was built to build churches, houses and roads. Therefore, it can be called a miracle that the Colosseum has survived at all.
• The original name "Flavian Amphitheater" was changed in the Middle Ages. The name comes from the Latin word for "colossal".
• The opening of the Colosseum was accompanied by 100 day games, in which about 2,000 gladiators died.
• Initially, the amphitheater had a rich external marble finish.
• In order to protect the spectators in the stands from the sun, they stretched a special canvas.
• Cages with animals and gladiators were under the arena.

One of the oldest places in Rome, the center of the political and religious life of the city. These legendary ruins are located between the Colosseum and Piazza Venezia. After the fall of the empire, the Forum was forgotten, plundered and buried underground. Excavations were carried out only at the beginning of the 20th century.

In addition to the large number of temples that are located on the Forum (Saturn, Venus, Romulus, Vesta, etc.), it is worth paying attention Special attention to the following buildings:

• Via Sacra - the main street in ancient Rome, which connected the Piazza del Campidoglio with the Colosseum.
• Arch of Titus is a triumphal arch dedicated to the victory over the Jews. It was built after the death of Emperor Titus.
• Arch of Septimius Severus, built in 203 AD to commemorate the third anniversary of Severus's reign as emperor.
• The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, built in the second century, stands out as the best preserved temple in the Roman Forum.
• The Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine was one of the most important buildings in the Roman Forum.
• Curia - the building of the Senate, founded by Julius Caesar.
• Fok's Column, over 13 meters high, created in 608 AD in honor of the emperor of Byzantium.

The Trevi Fountain is the largest and beautiful fountain Rome. Was built in end point ancient aqueduct. The final appearance of Trevi dates back to 1762 when, after many years of work on it by Nicolo Salvi, it was finalized by Giuseppe Pannini.

It is one of the greatest domed structures in the world and one of the best preserved structures from antiquity. It was built between 25-27 AD. Consul Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, son-in-law of Emperor Augustus. After several fires, it was rebuilt in 126 AD. under the emperor Hadrian, who ordered the following lines to be engraved on the facade - "M. AGRIPPA L F COS TERTIUM FECIT", which translates from Latin as "Mark Agrippa, son of Lucius, elected consul, erected this."

In 609 the Pantheon was consecrated as a Christian temple. This event made it possible to preserve this unique building almost in its original form.

The Pantheon is a true masterpiece of ancient Roman architecture and engineering. Structurally, it is a concrete-brick rotunda with a giant 43-meter dome. It is assumed that earlier the dome was decorated with golden rosettes, similar to stars, but exact evidence of this has not been found.

Palatine Hill is located fifty meters from the Forum. This is the oldest place in Rome. It is believed that the Italian capital was founded precisely on the Palatine. During the Republican period, the Roman nobility settled on the Palatine Hill and built luxurious palaces.

On the Palatine Hill you can see hundreds of ruins of imposing buildings that were built for noble Romans in ancient times. Among them deserve special attention:

• House of the Flavians (Domus Flavia) - magnificent palace, built in 81 BC by order of Emperor Domitian as his state and official residence.
• The House of Livia is a rather modest house that was built in the 1st century BC. It is one of the best preserved buildings on the Palatine Hill. You can still see the remains of the mosaics and frescoes that once adorned the ceilings and walls.
• House of Augustus - the residence of Octavian Augustus, which still has most valuable and colorful frescoes that adorned its walls.
• Farnese Gardens - designed in the middle of the 16th century on the ruins of the Palace of Tiberius. The Farnese Gardens were one of the first botanical gardens in Europe.
• Hippodrome of Domitian - it is not known for sure whether this was a stadium for racing or simply used as a garden.
• Palatine Museum - this small museum exhibits rarities found during excavations carried out on the Palatine Hill. The expositions contain sculptures, frescoes, mosaics and other items.

Arch of Constantine - the most beautiful, largest and well-preserved of the ancient triumphal arches Rome. Built at the beginning of the 4th century AD. and is dedicated to the victory of Emperor Constantine over Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. The arch is tricuspid and made of marble. Decorated with inscriptions and bas-reliefs.

Piazza Navona is one of the most famous squares Rome, which is often called the "Square of the Three Fountains". It was formed at the end of the 15th century and retains the shape of the stadium of Domitian, which stood here in Antiquity. The stadium was built in 86 AD and was larger than the Colosseum. The stadium was mainly used for festivals and sporting events. The buildings surrounding the square are built on the foundations of the ancient stands. Today Piazza Navona is one of the most popular places capitals of Italy.

Piazza Navona is famous for its fountains:

• The Fountain of the Four Rivers is one of the most famous and beautiful fountains in Rome, built in the first half of the 17th century by Bernini. Interestingly, he, like Trevi, takes water from the ancient aqueduct - Aqua Virgo. sculptural composition The fountain symbolizes the four great rivers: Danube, Nile, Ganges and La Plata. The sculptures are made from white marble. The dominant feature of the sculptural group is the Egyptian obelisk (which was actually made under the emperor Domitian and adorned the circus on the Appian Way). The height of the obelisk is over 16 meters.
• The fountain of the Moor is located in the southern part of the square. At first, the fountain was without sculptures. The sculpture of the Moor was made by Bernini in the 17th century, and in the 19th century, all other sculptures.
• Fountain of Neptune northern part area. Until the 19th century, he did not have a sculptural composition.

Directly opposite the Fountain of the Four Rivers is Sant'Agnese in Agone, a beautiful baroque church from the 17th century with two bell towers by Borromini. Although the original architect was Rainaldi. The church has a magnificent and rich interior decoration. Dedicated to St. Agnes - an early Christian torment.

Plaza de España and the Spanish Steps are a popular tourist attraction in Rome. The Spanish Steps were built in the 18th century and lead to the top of the Pincio Hill. At the foot of the stairs is a beautiful fountain - Barcaccia.

The Altar of the Fatherland (Vittoriano) is one of the most controversial sights of the Italian capital, located on Piazza Venezia. The building was built at the beginning of the 20th century and is dedicated to Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a united Italy. Inside is a museum - the Risorgimento. The colossal monument is 135 meters long and 70 meters high. Vittoriano consists of many majestic Corinthian columns and staircases, which are carved from white marble. In the center is an equestrian sculpture of Victor Emmanuel made of bronze.

From Vittoriano, you can walk along Via del Teatro di Marcello to Cordonata, the majestic staircase to Piazza di Capitoline, designed by the great Michelangelo in the 16th century. In the corner of the square is the famous Capitoline she-wolf - a small bronze sculpture. The sculpture depicts a she-wolf who feeds the babies Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome, with her milk.

The Castle of the Holy Angel or the Mausoleum of Hadrian is a monumental structure on the right bank of the Tiber in Hadrian's Park. It is a tall fortified cylindrical building. The history of this building begins in the first half of the 2nd century AD. Emperor Hadrian (who rebuilt literally a third of Rome) conceived it as a tomb for himself and his family members. The mausoleum was completed after his death. It contained the funeral urns of Hadrian and Septimius Severus. The last to be buried in it was Caracalla. During the era of the Papacy, there was a fortress and a prison here. Currently Castel Sant'Angelo is a museum, one of the most visited in Rome. The castle can be reached via the bridge of St. Angela is pedestrian bridge across the Tiber, adorned with statues of St. Peter and Paul and ten angels.

In 1277, an 800-meter fortified corridor was built that connected the castle with the Vatican, so that the pope could take refuge in the fortress in case of danger. This corridor was used only once - in 1527.

The Vatican is a miniature state within Rome, the center of the Catholic faith. If you are an art connoisseur, then be sure to visit the Vatican discount museums. They contain hundreds of unique, valuable creations, paintings, sculptures. The Vatican Museums are very popular with tourists, so there are usually long queues. It is best, of course, to visit them in groups.

One of the main attractions of the Vatican is St. Peter's Basilica - the largest Christian church in the world, the main Catholic temple. This is the largest and grandest structure of the Vatican. The greatest masters of that time worked on the creation of the cathedral: Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bernini. The capacity of the cathedral is about 60 thousand people. The interior of the cathedral strikes with the harmony of proportions, and with its huge size. There are a lot of statues, altars, tombstones, works of art by outstanding masters. You can get into the cathedral absolutely free of charge. Entrance from St. Peter.

Villa Borghese - largest park Rome and one of the largest city parks in Europe. The state purchased the gardens of the Borghese family in 1901 and soon turned them into a park. Villa Borghese is an interesting combination of nature and art, a place where interesting architectural elements, sculptures, monuments and fountains are located, created at different times by famous artists and sculptures.

What interesting things can be seen here:

• The Borghese Gallery is one of the most important museums the Italian capital. It features paintings by artists such as Raphael, Titian and Caravaggio.
• The zoo contains over 1000 animals.
• Pincho's water clock, 19th century.

Trastevere is one of the most pleasant areas for walking in Rome with a typical Italian atmosphere. This is one of the best places for lunch or dinner at the Italian capital. A stroll through the narrow cobbled green streets of Trastevere will reveal hidden treasures such as modest medieval churches, small shops with the most unusual items, or scenes of daily Roman life.

The center of the area is Piazza Santa Maria, where you can see the ancient basilica and the fountain.

Catacombs - extensive network underground burials of early Christians and Jews, which date back to the 2nd-5th century. The catacombs were founded by Christians who did not accept the pagan customs of burning bodies. Therefore, to solve this problem, due to the lack of space and the high price of land in Rome, they decided to create these huge underground cemeteries. The catacombs have a huge number of underground passages that form real labyrinths several kilometers long, along which rows of rectangular burial niches were dug.

There are more than sixty catacombs in Rome, consisting of hundreds of kilometers of underground passages, which contain thousands of tombs. Currently, only five of them are open to the public:

• Catacombs of San Sebastiano (Via Appia Antica, 136). These 12 kilometers long catacombs are dedicated to St. Sebastian. Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
• Catacombs of San Callisto (Via Appia Antica, 126). A network of passages over 20 kilometers long. The tombs of San Callisto were the burial place of 16 pontiffs and dozens of Christian martyrs. Opening hours - from Thursday to Tuesday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
• Catacombs of Priscilla (Via Salaria, 430). They contain some frescoes of great importance for the history of art and the first images of the Virgin Mary. Opening hours: from Sunday to Sunday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
• Catacombs of Domitilla (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280). Discovered in 1593, these more than 15 kilometers long catacombs owe their name to Vespasian's granddaughter. Opening hours - from Monday to Monday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.

Trajan's Market is located opposite the Forum. It was built between 100 and 110 AD and is considered the first covered "shopping center in Europe". The complex, made of red brick and concrete, had six levels with up to 150 different shops and apartments.

Baths of Caracalla - located near the Appian Way. They are among the largest and most impressive baths built in the Roman Empire. Bathing was a favorite pastime of the Romans, who regularly came here not only to maintain their hygiene, but also for social relationships. In the vast area where the baths were located, the citizens of Rome could not only use the public baths, but also devote their time to doing physical exercises, visiting the library, walking in the gardens or praying to the gods. Baths of Caracalla, covered with marble and decorated with valuable works of art, were the most luxurious baths that were and will be built in ancient times.

Piazza del Popolo is a large oval square in northern Rome that has existed since Roman times. In the past, an important road leading to the north began here. Three churches border the square, but the main attraction is the obelisk from ancient egypt. On north side the squares are located Porta del Popolo, which lead to Via Flaminia - the road connecting Rome with the Adriatic coast.

The Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin is a small basilica dating back to the Middle Ages that houses several Christian relics (such as the skull of St. Valentine).

The Mouth of Truth is a huge marble mask that, according to legend, bites the hand of those who lie. Located in the portico of Santa Maria in Cosmedin.

The Circus Maximus is the largest stadium in Rome, located between the Palatine and the Aventine. It was built for chariot racing. The stadium could accommodate up to 300,000 spectators. Nowadays, the ruins of what was once the circus of Maximus barely survive. Now there is only a huge terrace that repeats the shape of the stadium. This often causes disappointment for tourists who visit it hoping to find at least some ruins.

Janiculum is a very pleasant place for walking, which is far from the hustle and bustle of the city, as well as an excellent observation deck. Many call Janiculum the eighth hills of Rome.

The Aqua Paola Fountain is a monumental marble fountain created in the 17th century to celebrate the opening of the old Roman aqueduct.