When was the capital of Montenegro founded. What country is montenegro

According to the Constitution, the capital of Montenegro is the city of Cetinje. But most of the administrative administrative buildings are located in the city of Podgorica. Today it is here that the official capital of the country is located.

In the last century, this beautiful town on the banks of the Moraca was called Titograd, after the leader of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito. It was during the Yugoslav times that the city became the de facto capital of Montenegro.

It is located just a few kilometers from the Adriatic in the picturesque Skadar basin. As Wikipedia informs, the cultural, economic and political life of the region is concentrated here, the main transport arteries of the country pass, and an airport operates.

Story

The first people settled in these parts in the Stone Age. The ancient Illyrian tribes lived here. The basis of the city was an ancient Roman settlement, and in the 5th century a Slavic state arose with the main city of Ribnitsa.

The Turks renamed the captured city into the Bugurtlen fortress - "blueberry". For almost five centuries, Podgorica was under the Ottoman yoke. These lands were part of the Turkish Skadar Sanjak. Only at the end of the 19th century the city again began to belong to Montenegro.

The twentieth century brought rapid development to the republic in the sphere of industry, construction, and national culture. During World War II, it was under Nazi occupation.

Liberated by Soviet troops in 1944, Montenegro followed the socialist path of development. The whole region was transformed, Podgorica was rebuilt, a international Airport.

Podgorica - the capital of Montenegro - is located at the crossroads of waterways. These are the rivers Ribnitsa, Sitnitsa, Zeta, Moracha. They connect the city with the surrounding settlements. Nearby is the Adriatic Sea, through which opens access to all countries of the region.

The mild warm climate, fertile soil, rich vegetation have always attracted people to these parts. Podgorica knows no snow. Almost 5 months there is summer heat. The peak of summer temperatures reaches 44 degrees. In winter, freezing temperatures are extremely rare. The Mediterranean climate is characterized by the proximity of the sea.

Wikipedia shows that 60% of the total population of the region lives in the city of Podgorica. These are Montenegrins, Serbs, Albanians. Military operations at the end of the last century led the region's industry to decline. But gradually enterprises are recovering and adapting to market relations. There are investors who invest in the development of the region. The tourism business is booming.

Architecture

During the 5 centuries of Turkish domination, many Turkish-style buildings were built in the city. Narrow cobbled streets, mosques and natural stone clock towers are all found in the old districts. The historical monument of that time is the tower-mosque of Sakhat-kula.

Podgorica began to acquire a modern look when it again became part of Montenegro. The opposite bank of the Ribnitsa began to be built up in the European style. Historical cataclysms affected the appearance of the city.

During the time of Broz Tito, the cities of Montenegro began to be built up with Soviet "Khrushchevs". Many of them are still found in some areas. Modern neighborhoods are overgrown residential buildings and European-style offices. Parks, squares, squares adorn the city.

• An outstanding project was the Millennium Bridge, linking the banks of the Moraca River. Stylish sloping beams resemble a falling leaning tower of pisa. The length of the bridge is 140 meters.
• Cathedral Sunday of Christ – majestic temple for the Orthodox.
• The monuments to V. Vysotsky and A. S. Pushkin testify to the cultural kinship of the two Slavic peoples.

Culture and education

The small town has everything that characterizes it as the cultural capital of the republic. These are museums, theaters, educational institutions.

The University of Montenegro is a state higher educational institution that has branches in some cities of the republic. In addition, special education can be obtained at the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. Children study in 44 schools and gymnasiums.

Cultural traditions are preserved by the national theatre. The city has theaters for children. IN national library collected old books, historical documents.

In the museums of Podgorica, artifacts of the history of the region and the life of the indigenous population are collected. There are museums of ethnography and nature. The former royal palace is open to visitors.

The history of Montenegro is a story about the struggle of a freedom-loving people for the independence of their homeland with the Turks, the Nazis. The heroic epic is full of legends about heroes.

Podgorica is becoming a modern European city and a transport hub. Train Station connected him with the cities of Bar, Shkodra, Belgrade. Highways go to Serbia, Bosnia, Albania, to the Adriatic. A few kilometers from the city there is an international airport that connects Montenegro with European capitals, Moscow.

Cetinje

It is impossible not to say about the second capital of Montenegro. The city of Cetinje arose in the 15th century during the struggle against the Turks. Previously, there was a monastery here, which was built by one of the princes of Montenegro.

The monastery was protected from enemies by mountains. The fortress was constantly besieged by the Turks and became a stronghold in the fight against them. Public secular buildings - a hotel, a hospital, the palace of the first king of Montenegro - appeared already at the end of the 19th century.

In 1946, Podgorica became the main city of the country. But grateful Montenegrins honor the historical significance of their former capital, and in the Constitution Cetinje is called the capital, and Podgorica is the main city. In Cetinje are the State Archives, the Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage. The town of Cetinje itself is more like a picturesque village.

The tourist pearl of these places is the Skadar Lake and the Crnojevica River. The picturesque shores are inhabited by 270 species of birds, 50 species of fish live in the waters. Is it reserved place 30 minutes by car from Podgorica. Bays and capes, excellent fishing, clean air, silence and pristine nature of the National Park attract tourists to Skadar.

In the vicinity of Cetinje there are historical place associated with the struggle for liberation from the Turkish yoke. This is Mount Lovcen. At the top of the mountain there is a chapel in which one of the princes of Montenegro is buried. At its foot there is a park of the same name - a monument of garden art.

The mountain itself is notable for the fact that 1,150 species of plants grow on its slopes. From each turn of the road to the top, a stunning view of the surroundings almost from a bird's eye view opens up.

The territory on which modern Montenegro is located was formerly part of the Roman Empire. In those days, it was called Dukla (Doclea). The first Slavic tribes began to settle in this region Balkan Peninsula in the VI century. The Balkans became Slavic in the 8th century.

Christianity appeared on the territory of Montenegro in the 7th century. When the Empire was divided into Western, Roman, Eastern and Byzantine, a border passed through this region. In addition, the churches here were divided into Roman and Orthodox. This determined the historical position of Montenegro on the border of the Slavic and Mediterranean peoples. It mixed different cultures and economic systems.

The state included the territory near Lake Skadar, as well as the nearby mountains. The first Prince of Dukley was Vladimir. Dukla was renamed Zeta. In 1040, it gained independence and became the first independent state in the Balkans to receive Byzantine recognition. The country reached its greatest prosperity at the end of the 11th century. Then she controlled almost the entire territory of modern Bosnia and Serbia.

The modern name of Montenegro was first mentioned in the chronicles of the monastery of St. Nicholas in Vranjin, dating back to 1296. That was the name of the area around Mount Lovcen. It looked black from the dense forest growing on it.

In the Middle Ages, Zeta was a small feudal state. The country had to win back its independence from the encroachments of Albania, Venice, and then Turkey. Various dynasties were at the head of the state: Vojisavljevic, Balsic and Crnojevic. In the 15th century, during the reign of the Krnojevics, a fortress and a monastery were built in the town of Cestinje. This place began to be considered a symbol of spiritual and state independence. In 1493, under their rule, the first in the Balkans was created
printing house.

Then, in 1496, the state came under Turkish rule. The invaders annexed Zeta to the province of Skadar. But even at that time, Montenegro enjoyed great rights of autonomy. The state was able to obtain independence from Turkey in 1645. After that, the metropolitans, who enjoyed very great spiritual influence, as well as the Assembly of the People of Montenegro, were at the head of the country.

In 1697, the Assembly appointed Danila I as metropolitan, from whom the Petrovich dynasty originates. In the 18th-19th centuries, Montenegro won several victories in battles with Turkish troops that outnumbered them. This contributed to its complete liberation from Turkish influence. In many ways, allied relations with Russia contributed to these victories. In the same period, Montenegro received access to the Adriatic coast and began to control the port of Bar. results liberation wars The years 1875-1878 were formalized in the peace treaty signed at San Stefano in February 1878, as well as at the Berlin Congress in the summer of 1878. After this Berlin Congress, Montenegro (together with Serbia and Romania) received the status of a state recognized on international level. July 13th became national holiday.

At the end of the 19th century, statehood was rapidly developing in Montenegro. In 1879, by his decree, Prince Nicholas established the State Council, ministries and the Supreme Court. In 1888, the country adopted the Civil Code and the Property Law.

The first Montenegrin constitution appeared on December 19, 1905. In 1910, the Parliament (People's Assembly) proclaimed Montenegro a Constitutional Monarchy. Prince Nicholas became King Nicholas I.

During this period, industry began to develop rapidly in the country. The daughter of Prince Nicholas, Elena, was the wife of the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel. By agreement with him, Italy invested 10 million lire in the development of the Montenegrin economy. With these funds, a port in Bar was built in the country. There was also a railway that connected Bar, Virpazar, Podgorica and Danilovgrad.

During the First World War, the country fought on the side of the Entente. The army of Montenegro fought with the troops of Austria-Hungary under the command of Serbia. After the end of the war, Montenegro became the only victorious country that lost its independence. Serbia managed to realize the idea of ​​"Greater Serbia" by creating a kingdom of southern Slavs called Yugoslavia. Montenegro joined it by decision of the Assembly in Podgorica on November 11, 1918. The country lost its sovereignty, army and royal dynasty. Part of the country's population protested against unification with Serbia. Armed uprisings began to break out, the Serbian army successfully suppressed them. IN mountainous areas The country's resistance to Serbia continued even before 1920.

Montenegro became part of the province of Zetska Banovina. This territory became one of the poorest provinces of Yugoslavia. During the Second World War, the bases of Tito's partisan movement were located here. After the victory and the formation of the communist state, Yugoslavia became a federation. Montenegro was then one of the seven republics that were part of it. Industry began to develop on subsidies from the center in the republic. In the 1980s, the active development of the tourism industry began here.

Yugoslavia broke up in the early 1990s. Montenegro at that time remained in the same federal state with Serbia. At first, this state continued to bear the former name of Yugoslavia, and since 2003 - Serbia and Montenegro. The fighting did not affect Montenegro. However, the country suffered quite seriously from international sanctions that were imposed on the union state. In a referendum held on May 21, 2006, 55.5% of the inhabitants of Montenegro voted to leave the federation with Serbia. On June 3, 2006, Montenegro declared its independence. On June 15, the independence of Montenegro was recognized by Serbia. Montenegro became an independent state.

The current Montenegro is one of the most common tourist destinations among European countries. natural luxury of this delightful country, comfortable climate, many values ​​of history and architecture and low prices attract more and more tourists to the country of black mountains and white beaches.

Montenegro is famous for its natural treasures, among which are Shas and Skadar lakes of stunning azure-bluish color, a national park, inside which is the famous black lake and the colorful canyons of the Tara and Morac rivers, the Bay of Kotor.

Any corner of Montenegro is interesting in its own way, and all exotic places defy description, so this delightful country should definitely be visited. The country most likely acquired the name (Black Mountain) due to the impenetrable black forests, which in the Middle Ages covered Mount Lovcen and the rest of the alpine uplands of ancient Montenegro.

tourist country

Montenegro today is a very popular Eastern European country in terms of tourism. Mountain landscapes, the purest Adriatic Sea, optimal temperature - that's why holidays here are so popular. Even when it is cloudy in most resorts, in Montenegro the weather always pleases vacationers with its mild Mediterranean climate. In summer, the air warms up to +40 °С, and the water temperature on the Montenegrin coast reaches +25 °С. What else do you need to have a great time? Meanwhile, winter in the mountains is snowy and moderately cold, which favors the development of ski tourism.

The number of those who dream of spending their holidays in Montenegro, relaxing or improving their health is constantly growing, many people from all over Europe even dream of buying real estate here for this - after all, with wonderful natural conditions housing prices here are lower than in most other countries.

Geographic location

Montenegro is located in the south of Europe, on the southwestern side of the Balkans. Its southern border runs with Albania, in the west - with Bosnia and Herzegovina, with north side its neighbors are Serbia and Croatia. The area of ​​Montenegro is territorially conditionally divided into three regions: mountains in the northeastern part of the country, the coast of the Adriatic Sea, as well as the flat basin of Lake Skadar and the valley landscape around it. The length of the coast reaches 293.5 km. The state owns 14 offshore islands.

In the north west there is a large inflow - Boka Kotorska. The main beaches are located on Montenegro - a colorful country that bathes in the waters of the Adriatic. The coastal line occupies about a third of the state's border. Rocky mountains, colorful architecture and generous nature - this is what Montenegro is famous for today. mountain tourism captivates no less than rest on sea ​​coasts. national park Durmitor opens the delightful colors of the Black Mountains to the tourist. The path to them is more convenient and interesting to lead through the town of Pluzine. On the way you can see Pivske artificial reservoir with a natural emerald hue. You can go through tunnels carved into the rocks, they have winding roads in the form of a serpentine. Here you can find stunning views of the Black Lake, the canyon of the Tara River, the Dzhurzhevich bridge between two mountain banks.

The country is characterized cozy towns with small houses and huge natural expanses. The most famous cities among travelers are Podgorica, Kotor, Budva, Perast, Petrovets, Cetinje.

Capital

The city of Podgorica is the largest settlement in Montenegro, which is the center of the economy and industry of the state. Tourists in the city are attracted by narrow streets and unique old buildings of the ancient regions of Stara Varosh and Drach. The most fascinating places to visit are the Church of St. George, the Cathedral of Christ's Sunday, the Museum of Natural History, the National Theatre, the Njegus Palace and the Art Gallery. From modern facilities- The Millennium Bridge (Millennium), stretching across the Morac River. Not far from Podgorica you can see the ruins ancient fortress Medun, which existed in the 3rd century BC. e.

Population

It has about 627,000 inhabitants. The variety of the population is distributed by ethnic composition as follows:

• Montenegrins - 43%;
• Serbs - 32%;
• Bosnians - 8%;
• Albanians - 5%;
• other nationalities: Croats, Russians, Gypsies.

The official language in the country is Montenegrin, which belongs to the Slavic languages, and therefore is very close to the Russian and Ukrainian languages. The most popular foreign languages ​​are German and English.

The city of Tsetne, located in a colorful valley at the foot of the Lovcen mountain, is rightfully considered the historical and cultural capital. The complex of historical, cultural and architectural sights create a true open-air museum. Of the places most visited by tourists, the following stand out: the Billiard Palace, the royal palace of Nikola I, the Vlaška church, art, ethnographic and many different museums. You should definitely get into the National Park, see the royal family estate of Petrovich in the picturesque village of Njegusi on the top of Mount Lovcen. Here you can also visit the Mausoleum of Peter II Negosh.

total area Montenegro is - 13,812 km².

The largest resorts: Budva, Becici, Herceg, Petrovac, Novi, Bar. Airports: Podgorica and Tivat. highest place Montenegro: the top of Bobotov Kuk in the Durmitor mountain range - 2522 m. Here is Skadar Lake - the deepest on the Balkan Peninsula, its depths reach up to 530 km. Here is the deepest European canyon along the Tara River, with a depth of up to 1300 m. Due to the successful geography of Montenegro on the coast, the climate is subtropical: the summer is long, hot and dry, the air warms up to + 28-32 ˚С, the water in the sea - up to + 22-26 ˚С, and a short mild winter with temperatures up to +8 +10 ˚С. beach season lasts six months a year, because Montenegro, in terms of the number of sunny days a year, comes only to Cyprus. In mountainous areas, the climate is temperate continental, winters are long and snowy, which favors the development ski holidays.

Kitchen

A feature of the entire Montenegrin cuisine is the high ecological purity of the products used. The land in Montenegro is so fertile that additional artificial fertilizers are not used here at all, and the local population has not even heard of GMOs. Natural food, clean ecology, mountain air and sea ​​water- everything is good for health local population, no wonder here high duration life. Typical Slavic cuisine with Mediterranean elements - a variety of meat dishes, seafood, fruits, vegetables. Don't forget to try the local wines "Vranac" and "Krstac", as well as grape vodka - vine. More distinctive feature Montenegrin cuisine are large portions both in bars and restaurants, which cannot but please foreign guests of the country.

First of all, in Montenegro, tourists buy local handicrafts: jewelry, haberdashery, honey, olive oil, wine. Shops are open daily, from morning to late evening. Both supermarkets and small shops are open every day from 6:00 to 20:00, and in tourist centers- until 23:00. Everywhere you can also find shops that operate around the clock. In local markets, purchases can be made in the morning.

Holidays and recreation

In Montenegro, there are many holidays in the year, both state and religious: on January 1 and 2, the population of Montenegro celebrates New Year, January 6 and 7 - Christmas, April 27 - Statehood Day in Montenegro, people also celebrate Christian Easter in the spring with the whole Orthodox world, May 1 and 2 - Spring and Labor Day, May 9 - Victory Day, June 4 - Partisan Day, June 13 - Day of the uprising, November 29 and 30 - days of the republic. If the celebration falls on a weekend, then the weekdays following them are also considered weekends.

The political system of the country

According to the Constitution of the country, adopted in 2007, Montenegro is a free democratic state. The President of Montenegro is elected for five years by general secret ballot. Filip Vujanovic has been in charge of the state since 2003. During the reign of the current president in May 2006, the independence of Montenegro was proclaimed. The residence of the President of Montenegro is located in Cetinje.

Currency regulation

What is the currency in Montenegro? The monetary currency in Montenegro is the euro. There are no special restrictions on import and export. Tourists are allowed to import and export any amount of foreign currency that was declared upon entering the country, without a declaration, the export of cash currency from the country is allowed no more than 500 euros. When exporting large amounts, it is necessary to declare them. In this case, it is necessary to present a declaration that the indicated amount of currency was previously imported to the area of ​​Montenegro. The national bank of the state operates only in weekdays. Commercial banks receive clients on Thursdays and Fridays. On weekends, only currency exchange offices operate. It is better to use plastic cards, then the question of which currency in Montenegro is better to pay and where to change it will not arise.

Hotels and hotels

Over the past decades, a huge current has flowed into the Montenegrin economy - tourism, which brings significant profits to the state. Excellent environmental situation and comfortable spot location attracts more and more wealthy Europeans. Recently, a lot has been built in Montenegro comfortable hotels, hotels, private villas and mini-hotels, money has been invested in the development of resort infrastructure. Many hotels have been renovated. It is very common to live in private villas. Usually, this is a 3-5-storey building with standard rooms and apartments, equipped with everything necessary for a comfortable pastime. Almost all of them provide tourists with breakfast. All private villas are located at a distance of 900 to 200 m from hotels in private villas: check-in after 12:00, check-out before 11:00. The composition of the population by ethnicity: Montenegrins (43%) and Serbs (32%), other nationalities - Bosnians, Albanians, Croats, Russians, Gypsies. The official language in the country is Montenegrin.

Religion in Montenegro

The Montenegrin population in the majority professes the Orthodox Christian faith (74%), in the minority - Islam (18%) and Catholicism (4%). The most popular attraction of the state is the Ostrog Monastery. It is located 15 km from Danilovgrad in a delightful natural place. This monastery is a famous Orthodox shrine in the world, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims of various faiths come to it every year to touch the miraculous power of the relics of St. Basil of Ostrog. The top of the monastery is carved into the rock at an altitude of 900 m and looks amazing.

Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Montenegro - one of the most stunning Orthodox churches in the world. Religion in Montenegro has a special relationship. In the nineties of the XX century, the construction of the cathedral started in Podgorica. It was a project of the most majestic Orthodox church in the Balkans, grandiose in its scale and beauty. The construction of the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ began in 1993, Metropolitan Amfilohiy of Montenegro and Primorsky. The cathedral can be visited by five thousand parishioners at the same time. The largest bell was made in Voronezh at the Anisimov factory and weighs 10 tons. Together, all 14 temple bells weigh close to 20 tons. The temple is still painted and completed today.

Nature

The cleanest sea of ​​the Adriatic, captivating mountain ranges, a coast with many inlets, protected from strong winds and storms, excellent beaches, sun, magnificent nature - this is all Montenegro. The description of it can be continued endlessly, but it is better to see everything with your own eyes.

In the early 90s, Montenegro was called a country of pure, untouched and protected nature. This land of sharp contrasts, located on a small area, Montenegro has both the sea with excellent beaches and mountains covered with snow all year round, creating conditions for a ski holiday. The beaches of Montenegro stretch along the Adriatic coast. 173 beaches with a total length of 73 km occupy a quarter of the entire coast with a length of 293 km. A tourist can visit a beach with different preferences - with fine or coarse sand, pebble or rocky, in calm creeks or on capes protruding into the sea, there are modernly equipped beaches or wild ones with virgin nature. The water in the sea is dark blue, its transparency is striking - 40-55 meters, salinity ranges from 28% in the Boka Kotorska inlet, and up to 38% in the south near Ulcinj. There are nudist beaches, there is even a nudist village. At the level mountain rocks The climate is typical subalpine - with cold snowy winters and moderate summers. In the northern mountains of Montenegro, snow usually lies for many months, and sometimes even throughout the year.

Transport and communications

What transport is developed in the country? Air transport. Montenegro has two airports international importance- in the cities of Tivat and Podgorica. The national one cannot yet compete with the largest carriers, but its planes fly to Europe and the neighboring Balkan countries. Regular flights the Russian Aeroflot and the Serbian airline JAT also operate here.

There is also a railway that connects the following cities: Subotica - Novi - Sad - Belgrade - Bar. The railway was laid from the port through Podgorica to Belgrade, there is also a direction Podgorica - Niksic. Water transport. Port - the city of Bar. There is a constant ferry crossing to Italy (Bar-Bari route). Seaports: Kotor and Perast. Maritime transport connects everything beach resorts on the coast.

There are bus routes between all cities. Pretty good, as for a mountainous country, roads, traffic - right-hand.

Main motorways: Adriatic highway; routes from the coast through Podgorica to Sarajevo and Belgrade. In the country, the bus is the most common form of transportation, and in some places the only one. On-demand stops along the way are allowed. Tip for tourists: it is better to buy a ticket at any kiosk, because a ticket bought on the bus will be about 2 times more expensive.

Operators mobile communications in Montenegro are ProMonte and Monet.

Safety

For security reasons, video and photography can only be taken where there is no special sign - a crossed-out camera. It is not allowed to photograph objects of transport and energy significance, port facilities and objects of military subordination. By the way, in Montenegro today the crime rate is very low, so that both residents and tourists of this country can feel safe and calmly enjoy the picturesque beauties of this unique region.

Montenegro is now deservedly considered perfect place for relax. The beauty of this small country lies in its picturesque medieval cities and villages, in amazing beautiful rivers, lakes and mountains, and, of course, in excellent ski resorts and magnificent beaches Adriatic sea. When you go to Montenegro - do not forget to take your camera with you!

Montenegro is located in southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. In the west, Montenegro borders on Croatia, in the northeast - on Serbia, in the east - on Kosovo, in the northwest - on Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in the southeast - on Albania. The Adriatic Sea adjoins Montenegro from the southwest. The total area of ​​this Balkan country is 13,812 sq. km, including the islands, and the total length state border- 571.6 km.

Mountains in Montenegro are located mainly in the east of the country. The highest peaks are Zla Kolata peak on Prokletiye mountain (2536 m) and Boboltov Kuk peak on Durmitor mountain (2522 m). The coast of the Adriatic Sea of ​​Montenegro is a narrow plain.

There are a lot of rivers in Montenegro, which are distinguished by their beauty. The longest of them are Tara, Lim, and Cheotina.

The capital of Montenegro is Podgorica, which is now home to about 150 thousand people. Historians believe that a Roman settlement once existed on the territory of modern Podgorica.

In Montenegro official language- Montenegrin. Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Albanian are officially used as regional languages ​​in Montenegro.

More than 72% of the population of Montenegro are Orthodox Christians (Greek Catholic Church). Another 19% of Montenegrins are Sunni Muslims, and 3% are Catholics.

According to the 2007 Constitution, Montenegro is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the President. The official residence of the Montenegrin President is located in Cetinje.

Legislative power belongs to the unicameral parliament - the Assembly (91 deputies).

IN coastal areas Montenegro has a Mediterranean climate with an average air temperature of +10-12C in winter and +25-28C in summer.

In the north of the country, the climate is temperate continental with an average air temperature of -10C to +5C in winter and +19-25C in summer.

The length of the Adriatic coast in Montenegro is 295 kilometers. Of these, 72 kilometers are beaches. The attention of tourists is always attracted by the Montenegrin Bay of Kotor.

Montenegro includes 14 small islands in the Adriatic Sea, some of them are an excellent tourist destination (Perast Island, St. Stephen Island).

The average temperature of the Adriatic Sea in Montenegro:

January - +13С
- February - +13С
- March - +14С
- April - +16C
- May - +20C
- June - +24C
- July - +24C
- August - +25C
- September - +24C
- October - +21С
- November - +18C
- December - +15C

Several rivers flow through the territory of Montenegro. big rivers- Tara, Lim, Cheotina, Moraca and Zeta. The length of the largest of them, Tara, is 144 km. In addition, Skadar Lake is located on the territory of Montenegro.

According to legend, when God created the Earth, he left many mountains, and he collected them all in one place - this is how Montenegro appeared.

Slavic tribes came to the territory of Montenegro in the VI century. Before them, Illyrian tribes lived in Montenegro, who were conquered by the legionnaires of Ancient Rome. The Montenegrin tribes were, of course, pagans at first, but through assimilation they adopted Christianity from the Romans.

Montenegrins claim that Montenegro was the only country in the Balkans that it could not conquer Ottoman Empire. Indeed, the troops of the Ottoman Empire often invaded Montenegro, but were never able to completely conquer it.

The founder of the Montenegrin state is considered to be Stefan Crnojevic. In the middle of the XV century, Montenegro began to have vassal relations with Venice, which helped her in the fight against the Ottoman Empire.

From 1515 to 1696 Montenegro was a theocratic state ruled by bishops. Then, until 1918, princes from the Petrovich dynasty ruled Montenegro.

In 1905 Prince Nicholas gave Montenegro its first constitution. In 1910, the Montenegrin Parliament proclaimed Montenegro a constitutional monarchy headed by the king (Nikolai became him).

In 1918, Montenegro voluntarily joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and from November 1945 this country joined the socialist Yugoslavia. Montenegro became an independent state only in 2006. The Constitution of Montenegro was adopted in 2007.

The culture of Montenegro was significantly influenced by its neighbors. However, this country still has a unique original culture.

The architecture of Montenegro, especially in the central part of the country, was formed under strong Byzantine influence. Montenegrin medieval monasteries are decorated with thousands of unique frescoes.

The first literary work of Montenegrins was written 10 centuries ago, and the first printed book in the Montenegrin language was published more than 5 centuries ago (it was "Oktoih"). The first printing house in Montenegro was founded in 1495 in Cetinje.

Montenegrin traditions are kept by local clans. Throughout the history of Montenegro, local clans have played a huge role. In principle, even now the situation in this respect has changed little.

In Montenegro, a lot of different festivals are held annually. The most famous of them are Budva Music Festival, Fasinada in Perast, Days of Mrkojevici in Bar, Cetinje cultural summer, International summer carnival in Kotor, etc.

There are three "directions" in Montenegrin cuisine - northern, continental and Mediterranean. Northern Montenegrin cuisine is somewhat similar to Eastern cuisine. In turn, the Mediterranean Montenegrin cuisine is characterized by a wide use of seafood. As for the continental cuisine, fish is also widely used there, but from rivers and lakes (carp, trout, and eel).

We recommend tourists in Montenegro to try Brodette fish soup (it is prepared from three types of fish), buzara (fish baked in wine and oil), Čorba (vegetable and meat soup), Pašticada (meat with garlic ), Japraci (a dish similar to cabbage rolls), Polenta (corn porridge), kačamak krtolovi (corn porridge with mashed potatoes), prsuta (pork ham), Prevreli sir (cheese).

A traditional Montenegrin soft drink is buttermilk, which resembles slightly salty yogurt.

Montenegro makes excellent wine. Tourists are advised to try the red wine "Vío Vranac" and the white "Krstač".

Now in Montenegro there are about 3 thousand archaeological and historical and architectural monuments. For such a small country like Montenegro, this is a very large figure. The Top 10 most interesting Montenegrin sights, in our opinion, include the following:

1. Cetinje Monastery
2. Monastery Ostrog
3. Fortress Citadel in Budva
4. Cathedral of St. Trypun in Kotor
5. Church of the Virgin Mary in Budva
6. Monastery of Celia Piperska near Podgorica
7. Forte Mare fortress near Herceg Novi
8. Palace of King Nikola in Bar
9. "Bloody Tower" in Herceg Novi
10. Ruins of the Roman city of Dioclea

The largest cities in Montenegro are Niksic, Bijelo Polje, Pljevlja, Cetinje, Herceg Novi, Budva, and, of course, the capital is Podgorica.

Most tourists come to Montenegro in order to relax at local beach resorts. 72 kilometers of the Montenegrin coast of the Adriatic Sea are beaches. The most popular Montenegrin beach resorts are Budva (the so-called Budva Riviera), Ulcinj, Bar, Becici, Sveti Stefa, Sutomore, Tivat, etc.

Top 10 best Montenegrin beaches:

1. Sveti Stefan Beach
2. Grand Beach Ulcinj
3. Slovenska Plaza in Budva
4. Jaz Beach in Budva
5. Red Beach near Sutomore
6. Kraljicina Beach
7. Valdanos in Bratica
8. Perazica Do near Petrovac
9. Crvene Glavice beach
10. Murici Beach

In recent years, ski resorts have been actively developing in Montenegro, but this is understandable, given that most of the country's territory is occupied by mountains. The most popular Montenegrin ski resorts are Durmitor, Bielasica-Ezerine, and Vucje.

We advise tourists from Montenegro to bring Montenegrin tea, essential oils, wine, cheese, handicrafts, ceramics, traditional women's folk clothes, and, of course, various plates and cups depicting famous Montenegrin sights.

Banks:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-19:00
Sat: 08:00-15:00
Some banks are also open on Sunday mornings.

The shops:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-21:00
Sat: 08:00-15:00
Some shops are open on Sundays as well.

Montenegro is located in the southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea of ​​the Balkan Peninsula.The area of ​​the country is 13.8 thousand square meters. km. From the west, Montenegro is adjacent to Herzegovina and Bosnia, along the coast - from Croatia, from the north and northeast - from Serbia, and from the east - from Albania. The territory of Montenegro is washed by the waters of the Adriatic Sea from the south, the length of the coast is about 293 km. There are 4 natural and climatic regions on the territory of Montenegro: plateau, highlands, coastal and flat, which goes to Skadar Lake.

Major cities of Montenegro

Podgorica

Podgorica is the capital of Montenegro. This gmain political and economic center of Montenegro.Podgorica is the seat of the country's government, parliament and Supreme Court, as well asgreen railways, international Airport. The city is home to ¼ of the population of Montenegro.Sights of Podgorica>>

Cetinje

Cetinje is the ancient capital of Montenegro, founded in the 13th century. It is now cultural and spiritual center country, thanks to a large number of historical monuments. Cetinje, named after the river of the same name, is located at the foot of Mount Lovcen.Attractions Cetinje>>

Budva

Budva is the main tourist capital Montenegro. This city, founded 2500 years ago,is one of the most ancient cities on the banksAdriatic coast. numerous, a must see Old Town.Sights of Budva>>

Tivat

Tivat is a modern port city, located at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor. A few kilometers from the resort is one of the two . There are many Orthodox churches in Tivat, whichare monuments of the Illyrian, Byzantine and Roman periods. Sights of Tivat>>

Kotor

Kotor is located in the southeastern part of the Bay of Kotor, at the foot of the Lovcen mountain range. Kotor attracts tourists here as natural beauties Bay of Kotor, as well as its medieval Old Town, which is considered one of the best preserved centers on the Adriatic, included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.Sights of Kotor>>

Bar

City of Bar - popular resort on the Adriatic Sea, where tourists come. The city is divided into two parts: New Bar and Old Bar. During the reign of the Ottoman Empire, many architectural monuments appeared in Old Bar: a stone aqueduct, a clock tower and a mosque. In Novy Bar is the main port of Montenegro.Attractions in Bar>>

Herceg Novi

The city of Herceg Novi is located on the shores of the Adriatic Sea in the Bay of Kotor. The architecture of the city has a high historical value.Behind long history the city was ruled by the Slavic princes, and the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian Republic and Austria-Hungary. And each new ruler sought to protect his possessions by building additional city fortifications. Therefore, the old Herceg Novi is a city of fortresses, which even today determine its appearance, attracting numerous tourists under their walls.Attractions Herceg Novi>>

Prices for tours to Montenegro

Weather in Montenegro

Spring

Spring on the Adriatic coast comes in March. The daytime temperature rises to +15 °С..+16 °С. It can often rain in March. And in the mountains there is still a ski season, there is snow, the temperature is from +5°С to -3°С. April brings warming throughout the country: on the coast the temperature rises to +20°C, in the central regions - up to +15°C, and in the mountains - from +10°C. April is a period of awakening of nature: spring primroses on the hills, gentle aromas of meadows and the flight of the first butterflies. Tourist season on seaside resorts Montenegro starts in May. The weather here is truly summer (in the daytime up to + 22 ° C), but the water has not yet warmed up (up to + 18 ° C), it is too early to swim.

Summer

In June, the sun is still safe, the temperature rises to + 26 ° C, the water temperature - up to + 21 ° C. In July and August, the average air temperature is around +27 to +32°C. In the highlands, the thermometer rises to +25°C.

Autumn

Until mid-October on the coast stands the Velvet season. Warm weather is generous for sunny days. The water is warm enough for swimming (from +24 to +20°C). From the second half of October, a gradual cooling begins, rains become more frequent. The sea becomes really cool only at the beginning of November. In the mountainous areas in November, the first frosts already “strike”.

Winter

In winter, little snow falls on the coast, it often rains, the temperature is from +5 to +13°C. The greatest amount of precipitation is observed in the mountain valley (Cetinje), the average air temperature is no more than +6°С. In the capital of Montenegro they blow strong winds. In the mountains, frosts down to -10°С can stand. January and February are the height of the ski season in the mountains (Zabljak and Kolasin).

Visa to Montenegro for Russians

For entry into Montenegro residents of Russiano visa requiredif the period of stay in the country does not exceed 30 days. You can extend your stay in Montenegro by crossing the border again, as when you re-enter the country, a new period of stay opens for 30 days. You can also extend your stay in the country by applying for permission to the inspector for foreigners, who has the right to additionally increase the duration of stay up to 30 days. Russians only need a valid passport, at the border or at the airport you will not be required to return air tickets, documents confirming your financial solvency. It is recommended to have with youmedical insurance international standard.

In accordance with the rules of stay in the territory of Montenegro, each independent tourist or a traveler who is in the country with or without a visa and not staying in a hotel, motel, campsite, etc., must h register at the Tourist Information Office at the place of stay within 24 hours from the moment of arrival in the country. Also, the owner of apartments or guesthouses in which tourists live can issue registration. In this case, tourists do not have to visit the police, it is enough just to hand over their passports to the owner of the apartment. Registration fee is not included in the price rent, therefore, it is additionally necessary to pay 1 EURO per person for each day of stay in the country.

What language is spoken in Montenegro

The official language of Montenegro is Montenegrin (a dialect of Serbian). locals speak well English language, some understand Russian.

Time in Montenegro

The time difference between Moscow and Montenegro is 2 hours in winter and 1 hour in summer. In Montenegrotransition to winter and summer time.

Transport in Montenegro

Bus

Buses are one of the cheapest ways to travel around Montenegro.All cities are connected bus routes. Tickets for travel can be bought both at the box office of the bus station and from the bus driver.In Montenegro, it is customary to catch buses right on the road, sticking out your hand along the way.The fare depends on the distance and on the carrier company.

Automobile

Work in Montenegro a large number of car rental agencies. To rent a car in Montenegro, the driver must be over 21 years old, have an international driving license, and have a driving experience of at least 2 years. A deposit of 150–300 euros must be left at the agency. Rental price - from 20 euros per day, the price depends on the season, car brand and the number of rental days.

Taxi

Taxis in Montenegro are both private and licensed.Montenegrin taxi drivers are waiting for you at the exit or Podgorica.You can also always find taxis at railway and bus stations, near attractions and in parking lots. A variety of services are offered: from a trip to the address to a full day excursion. There are many in the countryRussian-speaking tourists, most taxi drivers speak Russian quite well.

Train

The railways of Montenegro have a total length of 250 km. There is only one railway line in the country connecting Bar with Podgorica (passes through Kolasin, Mojkovac, Bielo-Polje) and with the capital of Serbia, Belgrade. The railway track is a single track, along which trains run in both directions. The Bar-Belgrade road runs along mountain serpentines for almost the entire length of the journey and is replete with tunnels; from the windows of the carriages, passengers can observe the stunning nature of Montenegro.

Aircraft

Regular direct flights toairports in Montenegro, one of which is located in the city Tivat, and the second near Podgorica carried out by airlines: Montenegro Airlines, Siberia, Muscovy, Yamal, Nord Star, Ural Airlines, Wim Avia, Orenburg Airlines. There are no domestic flights within the country.

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Customs of Montenegro

Allowed to import duty-free:

Items are for personal use during the trip

tobacco/cigarettes: 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 100 cigarillos or 250 g of tobacco

alcohol: 2 liters of wine or 1 liter of spirits

perfume: 1 perfume bottle up to 50 grams or 1 bottle of cologne up to 0.25 liters

It is forbidden to import to Montenegro:

Weapons and ammunition (except hunting rifle and ammunition when it comes to organized hunting; sporting rifles and ammunition and other sporting equipment)

Drugs, poisons, pesticides and other dangerous and harmful substances

Animals, pets, products of animal origin, plants, parts of plants and products of plant origin, except for animals and plants that have the appropriate certificate (on the state of health, as well as permission from the relevant veterinary and sanitary services)

Amateur radio stations that have not received permission from the Telecommunications Agency

There is a system of "red" and "green" corridors in the customs inspection zone of airports in Montenegro.If passengers do not have things to present to the customs services, then passengers can go through the "green" corridor. Customs officers have the right to detain a passenger and subject him to inspection. If there are things subject to duty, passengers must go through the "red" corridor.

Mobile communication and Internet

Owners of mobile communications can use international roaming on the territory of Montenegro. There are 3 major mobile operators in Montenegro:

T Mobile(GSM 900 standard, code 67),

ProMonte (GSM 900/1800 standard, code 69) ,

M-tel (GSM 900/1800 standard, code 68).

Buy localsim-card in Montenegro can be inofficesofficial operator, in any trade kiosk or store. The minimum payment is 5 euros (4 euros on the account, SIM card and connection). Replenishment of the account-vouchers or in kiosks. Incoming calls are free.

Is there Wi-Fi in Montenegro? Usually you can get free internet in hotels or restaurants. To use the Internet, you can order a cup of coffee and ask the waiter to give you a password, but be careful: before placing an order, check if it worksWiFi. Recently, a program has been developing for opening stationary free access points throughout Montenegro: in the Skadar Lake National Park (three points), in Tivat (the embankment and Porto Montenegro), in Budva (near the port), free access toWiFi.

Hotel search in Montenegro

National parks of Montenegro

There are 5 national parks in Montenegro:

Durmitor (39,000 hectares).The park is located in the north-west of Montenegro. Durmitorconsidered an ecological treasure throughout Europe. National park named after its member mountain range, is unique nature reserve which is included in the list world heritage UNESCO since 1980. On the territory of the Durmitor park there are more than 20 peaks higher than 2200 m, 18lakes, about 750 springs, more than 1500 varieties of various plants grow and more than 300 species of animals live.

Beogradska Gora (5400 hectares).Biogradska Gora is the oldest nature reserve in Montenegro. The uniqueness and beauty of these places was appreciated by Prince Nikola at the endXIXcentury. Since then, Biogradska Gora has become a protected area. Roe deer, deer, chamois, wild boars and even bears are found in the reserve. There are more than 150 species of birds in the park, some of which are listed in the Red Book, 86 species of plants are relict and are found only in this area.

Skadar Lake (40,000 hectares). The reserved Skadar Lake is the largest lake in the Balkan Peninsula. Together with the Crnojevica River, the lake has the largest freshwater swamp, the largest bird sanctuary in Europe and a pelican reserve are located here. As a result, the lake and the surrounding protected areas (40 thousand hectares) are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.More about Skadar Lake>>

Lovcen (6220 hectares). Lovcen National Park occupies the highest part of the Lovcen mountain range, widely known for its picturesque landscape forms, canyons and caves. Mountain peaks are located here, within the park there is a picturesque village of Njegosh - the birthplace of the Montenegrin prince and writer Peter II Njegosh and the last king of Montenegro Nikola I Petrovich, as well as the monument-mausoleum of Njegosh on the top of Mount Lovcen.