What are the names of the inhabitants of Hamburg. Hamburg is the largest port city in Germany

Hamburg is a modern city with centuries of history, which, it would seem, should "tempt" any traveler to cultural discoveries. However, in reality, most architectural structures harmonize quite well with shopping malls and other entertainment venues, but in truth, they do not attract attention at all, at least that's how it was with me).

But it turned out to be only at first glance, in fact, having been in the central and historical part of Hamburg, the city opened up for me in the light of a charming place that is full of canals, seaports, as well as cobbled bridges and modern bridges, which, according to local there are more inhabitants here than in Venice itself :).

But be prepared to leave ships and sea romance for “breakfast-lunch-dinner”. Because the night “dessert” in the form of real frivolities, emancipation and a sea of ​​​​alcohol, you will see at every step, because this atmosphere of carelessness will haunt you on any day of the week and on any street. It seems that even the historical part of the city with the advent of darkness radically changes its appearance.

Nobody is usually prepared for this turn of events. Anyway, my companions and I certainly weren't. But soon the effect of surprise is replaced by interest and desire to "plunge" into the cultural, domestic, and club life of Hamburg.

After visiting this city, I can say with confidence that this is a huge center of all kinds of contrasts, where everyone can feel as cozy and comfortable as possible.

That is why everyone who is ready for great adventures will be able to “feel” and discover this metropolis for themselves.

And how to get to them? By plane, car or train? Let's find out now).

How to get there

Today, getting to Hamburg is quite easy. Despite the fact that the main flow of tourists begins its study german land exactly from Berlin, Hamburg, as the second largest city, is also a popular destination.

Whether you spend your holidays in this metropolis, see and admire HafenCity or go on a business trip - whatever your plans, you can easily get to Hamburg by plane, train, bus or car. In general, to your taste and budget. :)

By plane

Perhaps it is no secret to anyone that the fastest, most comfortable and convenient way movement is considered an aircraft. Directly to Hamburg, you can depart from and, and.

Flight options

Every day, an Aeroflot flight departs from the capital's Sheremetyevo Airport, which spends about three hours in the air. An aircraft of Rossiya Airlines departs daily from St. Petersburg's Pulkovo and spends 2.5 hours in the air.

Personally, I have ever flown with Aeroflot from Moscow, as this seems to be the easiest option. By the way, I didn’t have the task of saving money on the flight, so I bought a ticket for the “standard” cost, which varies from 180–200 EUR or about 12,500 rubles (round trip).

But if you budget tourist, then you should pay attention to such life hacks as:

• subscription to the newsletter from Aeroflot, where discounts sometimes slip;
• price monitoring on specialized search engine sites, for example,.

Airport in Hamburg

There are three airports in Hamburg. One of them is designed for cargo aircraft, and the other two for passenger airliners. But Russian travelers Flughafen Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel airport is of more interest, since it is he who receives domestic aircraft. For reference, it is worth mentioning that Lübeck Airport is located near Hamburg. However, it is popular only with small private European carriers. That is why we will talk about Flughafen Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel.

Here I would really like to note that this airport is one of the busiest, so my advice to you: try to think through your actions in advance and move quite dynamically. Otherwise, you can simply get lost, or a crowd of hurrying Chinese tourists will simply lead you astray. By the way, this was exactly the case with me, and heading to one terminal, I ended up at another :). By the way, there are two of them at Hamburg Airport.

How to get to the city

Get from the airport to central part cities will not be difficult. Due to the high passenger traffic, there are too many options for moving "Fullsbüttel - center". So to say, for every taste and budget.

Express route

I would strongly recommend using the branded express route, if only because I myself was among its passengers. It seemed to me that this option of moving is not so bad. The express route is a bus that runs every 15 minutes from the main airport stop to the very center of the city. The trip will cost 6 EUR or 370 rubles, and it will take about thirty minutes in time.

By the way, one cannot fail to say that simple buses run from the same stop: No. 274 and No. 292. The fare there is two times lower, but the time spent on the road is twice as long.

Metro

If you have small bags or if it is convenient for you to ride the metro with suitcases, then you can use this option. Directly opposite the terminals there is a huge sign, and behind it there is a staircase that takes you down to the subway to the Hamburg Airport (Flughafen) station. By the way, it is located on line S1 (S-bahn/land lines). The trip itself from the airport to the center will take about half an hour. Trains depart in almost 7 minutes, and the cost will be 3.5 EUR or 220 rubles.

Taxi

If you are traveling with your children or with a lot of luggage, then I would recommend using a taxi service. It does not need to be ordered, just leave the airport building - there will be about a hundred cars, the drivers of which will be happy to offer their services. The prices are the same for everyone, and a trip to the center will cost about 40 EUR or 2,500 rubles. But here it is worth saying that if you are as polite as possible and ask for a discount, then most drivers will give up a couple of euros. It seems like nothing, but it's very nice :)

By train

For all those who are afraid of flying by plane and prefer to make their way to their destination by train, there is the possibility to get to Hamburg by rail. However, it should be said here that the time spent on the road will be longer, the ticket will be more expensive, and direct routes - Hamburg has not yet been launched.

Due to such a large number of "buts", the most optimal and convenient option would be a train from Moscow to the capital of Germany, the city. And from there, any traveler can easily get to Hamburg by transferring to another train or even to a high-speed train.

The district of Hamburg-Mitte is one of the most peaceful. Despite the fact that this is the center and there are always a lot of people there, tourists do not have to worry about their safety. However, this does not mean that you should lose your vigilance.

Harburg

Harburg is a small area located near the center. It cannot boast of iconic sights and memorable places, and, probably, this explains why there are catastrophically few hotels there. Nevertheless, I would advise you to take a closer look at this area, since the prices for renting rooms there are affordable, and the area itself is quiet and clean.

Bergedorf

A place with quite comfortable living conditions. If you decide to stay there, you can visit a large number of parks and squares every day. In addition, you will have the opportunity to admire the medieval castle, the territory of which is strewn with a large number of fountains surrounded by beautiful flower beds.

There are catastrophically few hotels in Bergedof. However, if you want your vacation to be calm and quiet, and when you go out into the street, you do not fall into a hurrying crowd, then choose this area to stay.

On a note

From my own experience I can say that the choice of hotels, hostels or apartments in an apartment building is quite difficult. That is why, if you have the time and energy, I would recommend looking for several housing options in advance. And only then visit them all in one day to make the right choice.

Even though you are going to Europe, whose inhabitants are famous for their honesty and openness, it is still worth remembering that some of the services described on the Internet do not always coincide with reality. Therefore, it is better to spend a little more time, effort and nerves, but play it safe and not spoil your vacation :).

What are the prices for holidays

No matter how paradoxical it may sound, Hamburg is many times more expensive than Berlin. That is why, once in this German "Venice", you need to be prepared for the fact that your wallet will be empty at breakneck speed. However, if you are a frugal tourist and are ready to look for profitable options, then you can certainly do without losing your budget.

In the meantime, consider spending on one standard day of living in Hamburg under the program "do not deny yourself anything").

Housing

I talked about it above, and also gave the average cost of rent. Therefore, everything is simple here. For housing for a day you will have to spend about 50 EUR.

Nutrition

It's no secret that in the city center prices in cafes and restaurants are much higher. Therefore, if you are not embarrassed by the prospect of eating right on the street, then feel free to stand in line for street food. It is delicious, filling and relatively inexpensive. So, for one full meal in such an institution, you will pay about 5–7 EUR. By the way, it is three times cheaper than visiting a cafe on the same street.

Cultural program

Entry to churches and temples in Hamburg is free, but you will have to pay for tickets to most museums. However, these cultural venues quite often arrange promotions and all kinds of discounts. Of course, you never know when you'll hit them and when you won't. Therefore, my advice to you: look for companions in line at the box office, since you can save money at the entrance to most museums if you go in a group of 5 people.

We usually did this - approached the couples who were already standing in the checkout line and asked if they would like to cheat the cashier a little and save money by saying that we were together). And no one has turned us down yet. Well, and so, if you go to the museum alone and pay for full ticket without discounts and promotions, then be prepared to give 5-7 EUR.

Directions

The cost of public transport in Hamburg is quite high. In addition, the whole city is divided into zones, and the fare increases exponentially if you go beyond the border of the central part of the city. In general, this is an extremely complex system, which, it seems, the locals themselves have not yet fully figured out.

That is why I would advise you to purchase the Hamburg Card. This is a ticket that is valid for 1, 3 or 5 days per adult. Among other things, you will receive a good bonus in the form of benefits for sightseeing tours, visiting museums, theaters and galleries. The price of such a ticket starts from 9.9 EUR.

Clue:

The cost of food, lodging, transportation, etc.

Currency: Rubles, rub. Dollars, $ Euro, €

Main attractions. What to see

Hamburg has been the cultural center of northern Germany almost since its inception. That is why the city has quite a lot of attractions and memorable places that can conquer even the most demanding tourists.

Well, let's start studying the most popular and unusual?).

Top 5

There are a lot of attractions in Hamburg, and all of them are so different that in the first days of my stay in the city I was simply lost. But, having gathered all my thoughts together and curbed all my emotions, I will highlight the top 5 memorable places in Hamburg that everyone should visit.

"Miniature Wonderland"

This is the most grandiose and largest railway model in the whole world. Perhaps this fact alone becomes a clear reason to look into the area of ​​​​the former port warehouses of Speicherstadt and personally admire the scale of this “Miniature Wonderland” (Miniature Wunderland).

The construction of this model began in the 2000s. But then no one could even imagine that this attraction would become one of the most visited in all of Germany.

To date, Miniature Wonderland has eight thematic areas, and also has about twelve kilometers of railway tracks, which are presented at a scale of 1:87.

All this splendor, which we all so dreamed about in childhood, is located on an area of ​​more than 1500 square meters.

Zoo "Hagenbeck"

It seems to me that this is just the perfect vacation spot for travelers with children. From my own experience, I can say that even an adult tourist will be terribly interested there. The uniqueness of Hagenbeck lies in the fact that it is one of the first zoos in the world where the most natural animals were created. natural conditions for the animals that live there. That is, in many enclosures you can see birds and animals on real trees, rocks, in waterfalls and lakes.

Thanks to this, the animals themselves do not experience stress and are completely liberated. And watching fauna in their natural habitat is always entertaining for a visitor of any age.

speicherstadt

Speicherstadt, or as the locals used to call it, Speicher is an unofficial hallmark of Hamburg. This place is a mini-city, which is woven from centuries-old warehouse buildings. The mysterious and mysterious atmosphere of this attraction is also given by the fact that it is located near the port of Hamburg.

The construction of this warehouse complex began in 1883. However, its appearance has changed over time, and the buildings underwent the most extensive restoration after the Second World War.

Today, the narrow channels of Speicher are perceived as a historical, architectural and natural landmark. I would recommend everyone to visit a water excursion along these channels, the beauty and grandeur of which is still difficult for me to compare with anything.

hamburg town hall

The town hall is located in the heart of Hamburg. Its construction began in 1886 and, despite the military past of the camp, this building managed to survive in its original form to this day. The building is located on the central square, so it is difficult to bypass it or not notice it.

What impressed me the most about the Town Hall was the clock tower and the splendid façade. It is hard to imagine that such a thing could have been built more than a century ago. Of course, for those who do not like architecture, the Town Hall will not be a discovery at all.

However, I want to note that it is surrounded by a beautiful, wide area, which is strewn with cafes, bars, shops and souvenir shops. In addition, near the Town Hall overflows small lake Alster, which has long been a part of this building.

Rota Flora

This is a small area that has not been legalized in any way, which has grown around the former theater, which was located in the Schatzenviertel quarter. Today it is a street painted in all the colors of the rainbow, where you can meet a large number of street musicians, artists and magicians. By the way, keep in mind that this attraction is not in the guidebook, and, perhaps, many do not consider it a memorable place.

But I really liked Rota Flora. There is some other, lively, cozy and very warm atmosphere. But do not forget: despite the fact that the Schatzenviertel is a rather attractive quarter, there are many scammers and thieves among street performers. Therefore, if you decide to look there, be extremely careful.

Beaches. Which is better

Due to the fact that Hamburg stands on the river, in the summer, locals and visitors to the city can enjoy relaxing on the beach. To be honest, Hamburg is definitely not the Cote d'Azur of Nice, although it is just as clean and comfortable there. And there are actually very few beaches in Hamburg. The most popular and suitable for recreation is the beach, located right in the city center, on the Elbe. Close to the city port and the Hamburg fish market.

(on the map the beach is marked by one of the attractions that is located right on its territory)

It is equipped with typical paraphernalia such as sun loungers, umbrellas, tents with ice cream and soft drinks. Plus or minus (for each in their own way) is the fact that huge industrial ships quite often sail across the river in which vacationers swim at a fairly close distance. Therefore, I would not advise you to swim far, and indeed to swim in this river. But it’s definitely worth taking a walk along the coast, admiring the landscapes and ships sailing somewhere into the distance.

Churches and temples. Which are worth a visit

There are a lot of churches in Hamburg. Most religious buildings are located in the heart of the metropolis. I have had the pleasure of visiting almost every one. I will tell you about the most interesting ones in more detail.

Church of St. Nicholas

The Church of St. Nicholas is one of the most beautiful churches I have ever visited. Currently, it serves as a kind of memorial in memory of the soldiers who fell in the war. It is noteworthy that today we can observe only the main tower, which was built in the neo-Gothic style. The main part of the building was destroyed during World War II.

But even despite this, the Church of St. Nicholas really fascinates and conquers with its grandeur. By the way, pretty interesting fact is that in 1874 the bell tower that has survived to this day was called the most tall building worldwide. True, she could only wear this proud title for two years. Today, the height of the bell tower is 147 meters.

Church address: Willy-Brandt-Straß e 60, 20457.

Church of St. Petri

Mönckebergstrasse

Mönckebergstraße has long been considered a shopping street that attracts a large number of visitors. Today, it houses not only shops and souvenir shops, but also a large number of interesting memorable places.

That is why the Mönckebergstrasse is so beautiful for the simple walking tours. There you can save yourself from the heat at the old Mönckeberg fountain or go to the Church of St. Jacob. On the same street there are many old, but at the same time luxurious and elegant houses, designed in the same style.

Jungfernstieg

Mönckebergstrasse intersects with another old city street, which, to be honest, attracted my attention much more. This tourist street Jungfernstieg.

One side of it is full of old buildings, which are decorated with columns and panoramic windows. And on the other side there is an embankment of incredible beauty, from where you can see the city hall. There is also a pier where you can buy a ticket for a pleasure boat. By the way, I still regret that I missed this opportunity.

What to see in 1 day

Once in Hamburg for just a day, immediately head to the central part of the city.

• 09:00. In the morning, be sure to visit the Plants and Flowers park, which I wrote about above. Enjoy the beauty and bright colors.
• 12:00. During the day, take a walk along the embankment, because quite often from 12:00 to 16:30 you can watch pleasure and merchant ships sail by. It is indeed a very beautiful and spectacular sight.

By the way, before you come to the embankment, do not forget to buy a bun to feed the seagulls. They are so accustomed to people that they have become almost tame :).

• 17:00 . And devote the evening to shopping in a series of a large number of shopping centers and small souvenir shops.

As for snacks or full meals, in the center you can also find many interesting places with reasonable prices and delicious meals. About cafes, bars and restaurants, I will tell further).

What to see in the surroundings

As I already said, there are catastrophically few parks in Hamburg where you can relax, have a picnic, ride bicycles and just enjoy nature. That is why you can catch up outside of Hamburg, besides, it is there that several rather interesting natural places are located.

"Heide-Park"

"Heide-Park" is located 70 kilometers from Hamburg. It is not only a place where you can walk along the paths between lush green bushes and enjoy the bright flowers in the flower beds, but also an area strewn with a large number of various attractions. All of them are scattered around the lake, which is inhabited by swans and ducks. By the way, the "White House" was recreated on one of the banks, in which there is an expensive restaurant.

In Heide Park there will be entertainment both for young visitors, who can feel like real Formula 1 racers, and for their parents, for whom roller coasters and others have been built. extreme entertainment.

Entry fee:

• Children from 3 to 11 years old - 39 EUR;
• Adults - 46 EUR.

How to get there

You can get to the park from Hamburg by taking a train or bus that goes to the Soltau Han or Wolterdingen train station. And already from those stations every hour there is a bus that will take you right to the entrance to the park.

By the way, from my own experience I can say that it is better to use a transfer. Many travel companies arrange one-day tours. From a financial point of view, this is a couple of euros more expensive, but in terms of time - much faster and more reliable.

Serengeti Park Safari Park

In my opinion, Serengeti Park is one of the most interesting parks in all of Germany. To date, the territory of the safari park is spread over 200 hectares, which have become home to thousands of exotic animals. Throughout this area you can drive around both in a private car and on a sightseeing bus.

I believe that it is more interesting to drive in your own car, although the sightseeing tour with other tourists did not spoil my impressions at all. In general, the safari park is divided into two zones. On the territory of one live wild animals, which are interesting to watch in their natural habitat. Serengeti Park has lakes that have been chosen by flamingos, cliffs that have become a haven for mountain goats, and a large amount of jungle that has become a favorite place for monkeys.

The territory of the second zone boasts "harmless" animals that can be stroked, fed and even held in your arms. These are rabbits, pigs, chickens, sheep and lemurs. In addition, the safari park has play areas, rides, playgrounds and lots of other entertainment.

Ticket price:

• Adults - 27 EUR;
• Children under 12 years old - 22 EUR;
• Children under 3 years old - free of charge.

How to get there

You can get to the park by train or train to the station, which is called Hodenhagen. And from there by bus, which will take you directly to the park in half an hour.

In this case, you can also use the transfer of any travel company. However, the cost will be quite high. Average travel companies offer a tour "Safari Park Serengeti Park" round trip for 160 EUR.

Food. What to try

The gastronomic side of Germany has always attracted me as a big fan of tasty and satisfying food. In general, I noticed that no matter what city I am in, local residents have one feature - they like to eat a lot, but only in cafes and restaurants. Even in supermarkets, a noticeable advantage is in favor of ready-made meals than individual products - just warm up, so to speak.

Prices

The pricing policy in this area is extremely diverse. Quite large and tasty portions at an attractive price can be found in the city center, or you can leave a fortune on the outskirts of Hamburg. So to say, you need to know the places. But the average check for lunch, for example, in the city center varies from 25 EUR to 35 EUR. And in sleeping areas the amount will be slightly lower - 22 EUR.

Dishes and portions

When I first went to a cafe, I was extremely surprised: the servings in the establishments are quite large. It seems that a man can also eat one plate, this is a big plus.

It seems to me that street food cannot be ignored. It is cheaper compared to the restaurant, but the taste is in no way inferior to it. Therefore, if you see an attractive pork knuckle, brandies or typical fast food, then do not pass by and be sure to try it.

Budget

You can eat tasty and economically in fast food establishments. Here is a list of some of them:

• Cafe Sul (Ditmar-Koel-Str. 10, 20459, Hamburg);
• Cafe May (Hein-Hoyer-Str. 14, 20359 Hamburg);
• Campus Suite (Stephansplatz 2-8, 20354 Hamburg);
• Dat Backhus (Neuer Steinweg 20, 20459 Hamburg);
• Amber Cafe (Schaarsteinwegsbruecke 2, 20459 Hamburg).

Intermediate level

Mid-range gastronomic cafes are mainly located in the central part of the city. The most popular of them are:

• Cafe Paris (Rathausstrasse 4, 20095 Hamburg);
• Von der Motte (Mottenburger Twiete 14, 22765 Hamburg);
• Erste Liebe Bar (Michaelisbrucke 3, 20459 Hamburg);
• Cafe Knuth (Grosse Rainstr. 21, 22765 Hamburg);
• Gretchen's Villa (Marktstr. 142, 20357 Hamburg).

Expensive

enjoy the dishes haute cuisine You can in these establishments:

• The Table (Shanghaiallee 15, 20457 Hamburg);
• Heldenplatz Restaurant (Brandstwiete 46, 20457 Hamburg);
• Theo "s (Rothenbaumchaussee 10, 20148 Hamburg);
• La Mirabelle (Bundesstr. 15, 20146 Hamburg).

Holidays

Unlike Berlin and Munich, Hamburg cannot be called a city that hosts a large number of holidays or bright events. However, during the year there are still significant events that delight local residents and travelers with their scale.

Harbor's birthday

Every year, an impromptu stage opens in the city port area. Many local artists perform there, competitions and draws are held. This festival, which takes place from 11 to 13 May, coincides with the Hafengeburtstag, which means "Hamburg Harbor Birthday".

Hamburger DOM

The festival, which takes place on March 25, is an incredibly bright fair with a lot of entertainment, rides, raffles and gifts. The Hamburger DOM is held annually at the Heiligengeistfeld. This celebration originated in the 14th century, and it has been held on Heiligengeistfeld since 1892.

Venice Carnival

But the most incredible, beautiful and mysterious holiday for me was the Venice Carnival, which starts on February 10th. This is a real mysterious madness and magic of a bygone era, which splashes with furious force onto the streets of the city. Dressed up in costumes, ladies and gentlemen surprise with their exquisite manners and fancy hairstyles. During this period, you can meet anyone on the street - from fantastic creatures to heroes of myths and fairy tales, who dance to beautiful music and arrange incredible performances in which anyone can participate.

Safety. What to watch out for

Almost all parts of the city are safe. If you decide to go for a walk at night, then feel free to leave the house. Just take your documents with you, because often foot police officers patrol the streets and can approach anyone, as they themselves put it, “purely for prevention.”

However, I would strongly recommend that you be vigilant in the subway, shopping malls and other places where there are quite a lot of people. Try to keep money, valuables and mobile phones in your front pockets so you can feel them, and take off and hold backpacks in subway cars. Thieves are not uncommon in Hamburg, so do not neglect such simple rules to help you keep your property.

Things to do

In Hamburg, you will definitely not be bored. The variety of leisure activities here is higher than in many European cities. You can spend time in the favorite way of many tourists - go shopping, try traditional cuisine, plunge into the nightlife of the city, admire nature or spend the day with benefit, but in rather atypical places.

Which ones exactly? And what does Hamburg offer from entertainment? Now we'll find out.

Shopping and shops

If you want to devote your day to shopping, then go to the very center of the city. It is there that the bulk of shopping centers are concentrated, in which world brands are represented.

Shopping centers

Be sure to check out the Alsterhaus. This is one of the most popular shopping centers in the city. In it you can find a whole scattering of incredibly famous brands. In addition to clothes, shoes and perfumes, the Alsterhaus sells interior and decor items, go to the cinema and have a cup of coffee in a specially designated food court.

The shopping center is open from Monday to Saturday from 10:00 to 20:00. Address: Jungfernstieg 16-20.

Other popular shopping malls:

• Europa Passage (Ballindam 40);
• Hanseviertel (Grosse Bleichen 30);
• Brinkmann (Spitalerstrasse 10);
• Gansemarkt Passage (Gansemarkt 50);
• Galleria (Grosse Bleichen 21).

Discounts and promotions

It is best to visit shopping centers and shop during sales periods. In Hamburg, as well as throughout Germany, the sales season is summer and winter. It is noteworthy that there is no specific start and end date. The winter sale starts around January, however, quite often you can buy something at a discount already in the midst of the holidays. The summer sale starts at the end of July.

Bars. Where to go

Hamburg never sleeps. Even late at night on weekdays, almost all the bars are packed. Couples in love, lonely and thoughtful visitors, loud men's and modest women's companies - bars are visited by everyone without exception.

Here are a couple of places that I would strongly recommend everyone to go to:

And here are a few more establishments that can not be ignored:

• Oyster Bar (Rothenbaumchaussee 10) - open from 12:00 to 00:00;
• Chapeau! Grill & Bar (Moorfuhrtweg 9) - open from 12:00 to 00:00;
• Ciu "Die Bar (Ballindamm 14-15) - open from 16:00 to 05:00.

Clubs and nightlife

Did you think that after the bars, the people of Hamburg go to their homes to sleep off? It wasn't there. They are used to having a blast, which means that after a couple of liters of intoxicating drink and shank, you can safely conquer the dance floor. And which clubs are the most beloved and popular? Now I'll tell you.

Catch a couple more interesting places with great dance floors:

• Disco Tschako Official (Weidenbaumsweg 13);
• Kaiserkeller (Grosse Freiheit 36);
• Klubhaus St. Pauli (Spielbudenplatz 21-22);
• Pit Club (Pulverteich 17).

extreme sports

If you like to conquer the waves, then Hamburg will be your godsend. Due to the fact that the city stands on the water, locals and travelers have the opportunity to go diving and cliff diving. By the way, international competitions were even held in the last sport in Hamburg a couple of times.

As for surfing and windsurfing, such entertainment is not relevant in Hamburg, because it is simply impossible to meet steep waves there.

And all those who are afraid of water can go on a trip in a hot air balloon or jump with a parachute. The instructor, the cost and the possibility of implementing the idea are discussed by everyone individually in specialized clubs or in tourist centers.

Souvenirs. What to bring as a gift

Bring from Hamburg what is related to the marine theme. Local souvenir shops are simply filled to the brim with magnets and postcards depicting the port of Hamburg. And if you want something more original, then go to any grocery store and along with German beer, buy a couple of cans of dried or pickled seafood. Take my word for it, it's delicious. Do not forget about sweets - they are simply magical in all of Germany.

The cost of gastronomic souvenirs is different, it varies from 5 EUR to 20 EUR. You can buy a bottle of beer for 3 EUR.

But souvenirs, such as magnets, bottle openers, postcards and photographs depicting the port or city sights, can be bought for 1 EUR.

How to move around the city

The public transport network in Hamburg is just perfect. Metro, trains, trams and buses - they are all included in a single urban system public transport, which can be observed in a special HVV application. There you can set the routes you need. The application is quite simple and extremely easy to use, so my advice to you - be sure to use it if you want to choose to get from point A to point B as quickly as possible. :)

Transport system

As for the transport system, it is extremely complex. Sometimes it even seemed to me that the most local residents do not really understand it, but simply use public transport in the way they are used to.

Such carelessness did not suit us, so we decided to study all the nuances. So, the transport system of Hamburg consists of five rings. They diverge from the central part of the city, forming tariff zones.

• The "Greater Hamburg Zone" (Großbereich Hamburg) covers zones "A" and "B".
• Zones "C", "D" and "E" include remote residential areas of the city and their surroundings.

For clarity, I will attach below a map of the public transport of Hamburg, which clearly shows the division by color (each designates a corresponding zone).
All major tourist places are located mainly in the central zone "A", which is why I recommend not to fill your head with other zones - after all, the city's public transport system is already quite difficult to understand.

Fare

The price will depend on which ticket you need. Most cheap ticket- This is Kurzstrecke. It is intended for trips in the "Big Zone". You will have to pay 1.5 EUR for it.

That is why I recommend saving and buying a Hamburg Car right away. This is a fairly convenient ticket for tourists, which makes it possible to travel within " big zone» within 1, 3 or 5 days. The cost of this card is only 9.9 EUR.

Taxi. What features exist

I did not notice any obvious features and distinctive features in the Hamburg taxi. On the contrary, drivers are always extremely polite, help with luggage, advise interesting places to visit.

It is noteworthy that in a German taxi, just like in Russia, payment is made by the meter, but you can ask for a receipt. If you take a taxi, then be prepared to pay only in cash. In general, theoretically, payment by cards is possible, but in reality, drivers simply do not have a terminal. As for the cost, taxi services are, of course, expensive. For example, for a trip from the airport to the city center, you will have to pay about 40 EUR.

Usually taxi drivers do not need to be looked for - they will, so to speak, find you themselves. City roads are full of checkered cars: they are at stops, at shopping centers, near the embankment, at the port and at all kinds of attractions. In general, the matter remains small - just choose a car and a driver).

Trams

Transferring to trams is extremely convenient during rush hour. Almost all cars of this type of transport are new, with soft seats and an electronic running line that tells you what the next stop is.

Trams are part of a single transport network, so if you have a travel card, you can use it. If not, then a one-time ticket can be purchased from the driver himself or in a special machine at stops.

Metro

Hamburg has a subway, moreover, it is the fastest and most convenient form of transport. A clear plus of the subway is that there is a metro station at almost every attraction and memorial place.

By the way, the metro also has a ticket. If you don’t have one, then it’s okay - there are quite a few vending machines inside where you can buy a one-time ticket.

The metro operates daily from 4:30 am to 00:40 am. It is noteworthy that at night from Friday to Saturday and from Saturday to Sunday it does not close.

Transport rental

In addition, you can rent a car. This is very convenient for those travelers who, in search of adventure, are not going to stop at Hamburg alone and are ready to explore other cities of the German land.

There is a fairly convenient service at the airport where you can draw up an agreement and leave from there in a comfortable car with full tank. The average price of renting a car per day is 15 EUR or 950 rubles. You can see other options and compare prices, for example,.

Usually, in order to rent a car, you need to have the following documents: passport, driving license and credit card.

I didn't rent a car, but my friends did a couple of times. Here are some tips they shared:

• be prepared for the fact that you will not find a free place in paid parking and you will have to spend about 10-15 EUR per place;
• within the city, you must adhere to a speed of 50 km / h;
• take a car only with a Green Card (insurance certificate).

Hamburg - holidays with children

Hamburg is a good place not only for youth holidays, but also for vacations with children. The Germans are quite patient with young travelers, so do not be afraid that you will interfere with someone. Feel free to take the subway with your children, take them for shopping or to the nearest cafeteria.

And here are some family places:

• Zoological Museum (Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3);
• Playground "Spielstadt Hamburg XXL" (Niendorfer Weg 11);
• Museum wax figures Panopticon (Spielbudenplatz 3);
• Miniature Wonderland (Kehrwieder 2-4);
• Chocolate Museum (Messberg 1).

HAMBURG - a city in northern Germany, forms an independent administrative unit - the state of Hamburg.

The second swarm in terms of the number of na-se-le-nia (1743.9 thousand people in 2006) is the city of the country after Ber-lin-on; at the beginning of the 21st century, in terms of growth rates, it was one of the first places among large German cities. The city ag-lo-me-ra-tion of Hamburg (Greater Hamburg, population 3277 thousand people in 2006) goes beyond the administrative borders of the state of Hamburg and includes -et pri-go-ro-dy, ras-po-lo-women-nye in pre-de-lach lands Lower Sak-so-niya and Schles-wig-Gol-stein (from-to-yes daily, but up to 300 thousand people come to work in Hamburg). About 15% of the population of Hamburg are foreigners (mainly foreign workers and members of their families); in a number of apartments near the city center, kvar-ta-lah to-la foreign on-se-le-niya dos-ti-ga-et 50%.

The city of races-by-lo-women on the El-ba River and the islands, about-ra-zo-van-nyh of its pro-to-ka-mi, 100 km from the North Sea. One of the leading transport hubs in Germany. For-mi-ro-va-nie and development of the city is closely connected with its seaport. At the end of the 19th - the first half of the 20th centuries, it became one of the largest ports in the world (cargo turnover 1.6 million tons in 1870; 14 million tons in 1913; 25 million tons in 1939). In 1847, here was the os-no-va-on the largest-nei-shay su-do-hod-naya company of Ger-ma-nii - “Ham-burg-Ameri-ka-ni-sche Pa-ket- fahrt AG "(" HAPAG "; in 1970 it merged with the second largest German shipping company Nord-deu-tscher 'Lloyd", based on -on in 1857, in the corporation "HAPAG-Lloyd"). By the beginning of the 2nd World War, over 1/2 ton-on-the-tor-of-the-go-of-the-country fleet came to Hamburg. The modern seaport is one of the largest in the world in terms of my area (75 km2, 1/10 of the territory of Hamburg); to him with-pi-sa-but about 1/2 of the ships of the German navy. In terms of cargo turnover (about 60 million tons in the 1980s; 125.7 million tons in 2005), the port of Hamburg is 2nd place in Europe. ro-pe after Rot-ter-da-ma, by con-tey-ner-nym transfers (more than 8 million con-tey-ne-ditch TEUs in 2005) - 8 -th place among the seaports of the world; through Hamburg real-li-zu-et-sya the main part of the German ex-port.

Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg(German Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg[ˈhambʊɐ̯k] , local [ˈhambʊɪç] , N.-German Hamborg [ˈhambɔːx] ) - as a city-state is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is the second largest city in Germany (after Berlin), the seventh largest in the European Union, and the most populated non-capital city in the European Union.

Hamburg is one of the largest port cities in Europe, located at the confluence of the Elbe River into the North Sea.

Geography

Hamburg is located in northern Germany on both banks of the Elbe River at the confluence of the Alster and Bille rivers, about 110 km southeast of the place where the Elbe flows into the North Sea. The natural sea harbor extends along the entire length of the Elbe, especially along the southern bank of the Elbe opposite the urban areas of St. Pauli and Altona. City blocks on both sides of the river are connected by many bridges, as well as old and new tunnels under the Elbe. natural landscape south and north of the Elbe is called a geesta and is a hilly lowland of sand and sedimentary rocks, formed by a glacier that descended during the ice age. The federal state of Hamburg is located between the states of Schleswig-Holstein in the north and Lower Saxony in the south.

Story

The remains of the first buildings on the territory of modern Hamburg are dated by archaeologists to the 5th-6th centuries AD and belong to the era of the Great Migration of Peoples. The oldest traces of the dwellings of the tribe of the North-Albing Saxons found today are located in the region where the Alster River flows into the Elbe (modern city center) and date back to the 4th century AD. e.

The settlement that later gave rise to the city proper Hamburg, arose at the mouth of the Alster in the VIII century. In 808, the emperor Charlemagne built a fortress Hammaburg to protect against the Western Slavs. The name comes from the Old Saxon name burg - fortress; the origin and meaning of the word "ham" is unknown.

In 810 the fortress was taken by the Velets and practically destroyed. In 834, the residence of the archbishop was formed here, which was repeatedly besieged and devastated by the Slavs, Danes and Normans.

In the 12th century, due to the rapid development of trade in northern Europe, the importance of the Elbe River as an important transport artery increased significantly. On May 7, 1189, Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa grants significant trading privileges to Hamburg, including allowing Hamburg to collect customs duties on goods transported along the Elbe. This circumstance played a big role in the development of the port of Hamburg, and now this day is celebrated in Hamburg as the "birthday of the port" (in German. hafengeburtstag).

Map of Hamburg (late 19th century)

Hamburg was one of the first to join the Hanseatic League created in the Middle Ages in Northern Europe and became the most important port on the North Sea. The city served as a transit point for the transportation of grain, fabrics, furs, herring, spices, timber and metals. In 1510, Hamburg received the status of a "free imperial city" (German. Freie Reichstadt), which essentially granted him independence from imperial power and the right to self-government.

The further growth of Hamburg is associated with the discovery of America and sea ​​routes to Asia. Since 1550, it has become one of the most important ports for the delivery of goods to European countries.

In the 18th century, Hamburg experienced strong competition in foreign trade from the city of Altona, which belongs to the Danish crown and is located right next door - on the banks of the Elbe near the western city limits of Hamburg, and also strongly encouraged to compete with Hamburg by the Danish king. The sovereignty of the city was violated in 1806, when, after the invasion of Napoleonic troops, it was annexed to the French Empire. The occupation by French troops lasted until 1814, after which the independence of the city was restored.

After the unification of Germany in 1871, the city became its main "sea gate to the world." About half of German exports and imports pass through the port. Hamburg becomes one of the most important industrial centers Germany. The opening of the Kiel Canal in 1895 further increased the attractiveness of the port of Hamburg, as the canal provided a direct connection to the Baltic Sea.

Until the middle of the 19th century, Hamburg remained within its medieval borders. Since 1860, in connection with the rapid development of industry, the nearby settlements. By 1900, the city's population exceeded one million inhabitants. In 1923, a communist uprising led by Ernst Thalmann took place in Hamburg. In 1937, the "Greater Hamburg Act" was adopted, which determined the new boundaries of the city, which have been preserved to this day. The following were annexed to Hamburg: the largest city of the province of Schleswig-Holstein - Altona, the city of Bergedorf and other settlements and territories.

During the Second World War, the city was repeatedly subjected to air raids by Anglo-American aircraft. During the operation "Gomorrah" on July 25 - August 3, 1943, more than 50 thousand inhabitants died from the bombing and the gigantic fire caused by them, and most of the city buildings were destroyed.

Religion

The majority of believers are Lutherans, the largest Lutheran denomination is the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany ( Evangelisch Lutherische Kirche in Norddeutschland).

Hamburg is the largest port in Germany, the second largest in Europe, and ranks ninth in the world.

Hamburg is a major transport hub (railways and highways), as well as a sea and river (Elbe River) port. Sea port is the largest port in Germany, being the second largest in Europe after Rotterdam.

The public transport system of Hamburg includes the subway (German. U-Bahn), the city railway (German. S-Bahn), block river ferries, suburban trains and buses. All city transport is under the control of the Hamburg Transport Association (it. Hamburger Verkehrsverbund, HVV ). Fares are determined by zone. There is a flexible tariff system that provides for the possibility of buying single tickets on different types transport, for different periods, individually or for a group. Especially for tourists, there is also a preferential card “Hamburg CARD”, which, in addition to the right to travel on all modes of transport, allows you to visit 27 city museums free of charge or at a discount, take part in city tours, boat trips, etc. One of the Deutsche railway directorates was located in Hamburg Bundesbahn. Fülsbüttel Central Airport is located right in the center of the city, in the southwest of Hamburg is Hamburg-Finkenwerder Airport, Airbus's base in Germany.

The motor-pedestrian tunnel under the Elbe of 1911, which is still functioning today, is recognized as a historical symbol of the engineering and construction art of Germany.

Culture and attractions

The city has retained certain features of medieval buildings. The city center, located at the confluence of the Alster River with the Elbe, is divided into the districts of Altstadt ("Old Town") and Neustadt ("New Town"). Among the main attractions: the neo-Renaissance City Hall (1886-1887, the city hall and the Senate are located here) on the famous Town Hall Square, houses of the 17th-18th centuries on the streets of Reimerstvite, Cremon, Deichstrasse; St. Catherine's Church, Neo-Gothic St. Nicholas Church, St. Michael's Church, Jakobikirche, St. Paul's Church, Christuskirche, Bismarck Monument on Helgolander Allee, Chilihaus and Sprinkenhof houses, Opera theatre.

Museums

There are approximately 60 museums in Hamburg. One of the most famous city museums is the Hamburg Kunsthalle, located northwest of central station. The museum presents works of art from the 15th to 20th centuries, especially the collections of German romantics and expressionists. old market The city was rebuilt, now the Deichtorhallen Museum is located here ( English), which presents works of contemporary art. The exposition area of ​​the museum is 6 thousand square meters. m, temporary exhibitions are often held here. The Altona Museum of Northern Germany is located in the Altona area, the expositions of which tell about the history of Northern Germany, about its art, shipbuilding, and ethnography.

Next to the Altona Museum is the Ernst Barlach Museum, dedicated to the sculptor and expressionist writer E. Barlach, who was persecuted by the Nazis. The museum presents wooden and bronze sculptures, graphics and ceramics. The Hamburg Ethnological Museum is interesting with exhibits representing the cultures of South America and Africa. Another interesting museum in Hamburg is Art Museum erotica, which presents works on erotic themes for five centuries. The History Museum of Hamburg tells about the history of Hamburg and the federal state from prehistoric times to the present day, about the history of the port and navigation. This city is also home to the world's largest railway mock-up "Miniature Wonderland", the total length of which is about 13 kilometers.

Theaters

In 1678, the first permanent opera house in Germany was founded here: Georg Friedrich Handel (1686-1759) staged his first opera Almira here. The great son of the city is the composer Johann Brahms (1833-1897). In 1767, the German National Theater, associated with the name of Lessing, was founded here, which gained a leading position mainly due to the productions of Shakespeare's works. Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724-1803) and Matthias Claudius (1740-1815) were known in Hamburg as "literary idols". New, avant-garde impulses, which received an international impact in the development of opera, were given by Rolf Liebermann, and in the development of drama theater - by Gustaf Gründgens. The actor in the role of Baron Munchausen - Hans Albers (1891-1960) remains unforgettable. The city is in third place after New York and London in terms of the number of musicals staged in the city. Especially for the Phantom of the Opera by E. L. Webber, the New Flora Theater was built. More than 40 theaters and 50 museums of various kinds operate in Hamburg.

Other attractions

There are about 120 parks in Hamburg, including Ohlsdorferfriedhof, the world's largest cemetery park, a small Sternschanze park, Jenischpark park. To the north of the Old Town is the artificial lake Alster (Alster), around which a seven-kilometer "health path" is laid. Open all year round Botanical Garden. It presents in natural conditions most of the plants of Europe and Asia. Free admission. In the heart of Hamburg is the Planten un Blomen botanical garden, which hosts performances with fireworks and fountains every evening from May to October. The Hamburg Zoo was the first to recreate the natural habitat of animals.

Science and education

The school system is administered by the Ministry of Schools and Vocational Training. In 2006, about 160,000 students were enrolled in 245 primary schools and 195 secondary schools.

There are 17 universities in Hamburg. About 70,000 students study, including 9,000 foreigners. Six universities are public. The largest institutions are the University of Hamburg (one of the largest in Germany and Europe, 38 thousand students - 2008/2009), the University of Music and Theater, the University of Applied Sciences and the Hamburg Technical University. There are also small private colleges and universities in the city, including many religious and special institutions such as the Helmut Schmidt University (University of Federal armed forces Hamburg) and others. One of the world's largest research centers for particle physics DESY is located in the west of Hamburg.

• Hamburg ranks first among European cities in terms of the number of bridges (according to various sources, from 2300 to more than 2500). The city has more bridges than Venice (400), Amsterdam (1200) and London combined.
• Hamburg is home to the world's largest port warehouse area(German Speicherstadt), built at the end of the 19th century. on wooden piles driven into the shallow water of the Elbe. With their architectural appearance, the sooty red-brick 5-6 storey warehouse buildings, located in rows-blocks on the islands in the middle of the Elbe, where the canals serve as “streets”, in the evening and twilight can serve as an excellent stage for filming movies about Sherlock Holmes based on the novels of Conan Doyle. For tourists, it is considered a good omen - a successful throw from the bridge of a coin "for memory" - on the end of a pile sticking out of the water a few meters from the bridge. The art of throwing is to try so that the coin does not bounce when struck and does not fall into the waters of the canal, but remains lying on a pile.
• In Hamburg in 1960-1962, in the Reeperbahn-St. Pauli area, the legendary rock band The Beatles began their musical career, while still little known in their homeland, Liverpool. Here they decided to recruit Ringo Star and retire drummer Pete Best. Also here, after a short family life, one of the "initiators" of The Beatles, Stuart Sutcliffe, died.
• The reigning world heavyweight boxing champions, the Klitschko brothers, lived and trained in Hamburg. Currently, the "white Tyson" - Ruslan Chagaev - is training here.
• Since July 2000, a monthly publication in Russian has been published, “We in Hamburg”. The main content of the editorial part is articles on the history of Hamburg and its famous people, museums, the Hanseatic traditions of the metropolis on the Elbe.
• German actress Nina Bott is from Hamburg.
• The asteroid (449) Hamburga, discovered in 1899, is named after Hamburg, as well as the asteroid (723) Gammonia. (English) Russian opened in 1911.

Known as one of the most beautiful cities in Germany, Hamburg is also the country's second largest city after Berlin. 1.8 million people live here. Located in northern Germany, Hamburg is one of the 16 federal states of Germany.

Often, tourists coming to Germany are limited only to visiting Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt and neglect the amazing places and sights that they can see in Hamburg. This city is a unique combination of historical monuments and modern pubs and nightclubs. If you love water, ships and harbours, be sure to visit Hamburg.

It is impossible to overestimate the efforts of the city in its greening. In every corner of Hamburg you will find a beautiful clean park, which is decorated with a variety of plants. Residents of Hamburg love long walks in parks and along the river. Let's learn more about Hamburg in order to better understand the city and its people.

1. Official name

The full official name of the city is "Free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg". The city got its name from the first castle in these places, built by order of Emperor Charlemagne in 808. Today, Hamburg is the center of Northern Germany, both cultural and economic. Being a trading center for a long time, the city has always remained open and hospitable, which was reflected in the behavior of its inhabitants.

2. Seven times the size of Paris

Hamburg area 755 sq. km, which is 7 times the area of ​​Paris and twice the size of London. For one person in Hamburg there are approximately 30 square meters. m of living space is the largest average living space per person in the world.

3. The second largest port in Europe

Covering an area of ​​74 sq. km, the port of Hamburg is the largest in Germany, the second largest in Europe and the third largest in the world, after New York and London. Thanks to its tanker terminal, the city's port receives oil tankers from all major oil refineries in the world. That is why Hamburg is also known as the "Gate of the World". port of hamburg itself is a popular tourist attraction.

4. "City of rivers"

A large number of rivers and canals surrounding and crossing the city gave it another nickname - the "city of rivers". Throughout the city, you can see small beautiful channels that permeate it, like blood vessels in the body. Moreover, Hamburg is also famous for its bridges. Their number exceeds 2500 - more than in Venice and Amsterdam.

5. The greenest city in Germany

14% of the city is occupied by green areas: parks, nature reserves and gardens. But even more than half of the city center is surrounded by greenery, and to understand this, it is enough to look at the city once. That is why Hamburg was also given the title of "the most green city Germany". The absence of skyscrapers also makes the city unique. Here you will not find buildings with a height of more than 10 floors. And to preserve the picturesque landscape around the Alster lake, the buildings surrounding it should be white with a red-brown roof.

Sights of Hamburg

It is one of the most visited cities in Germany. Here you will find more than 30 theatres, 50 public and private museums, 6 music halls and 10 cabarets. In summer, the weather in Hamburg is very pleasant, which makes the city even more attractive in the eyes of tourists. Here are some of the most loved and visited places by tourists:

Alster lake

One of the most beautiful and picturesque places Hamburg. Alster Lake is not only a paradise for canoeists and tourists, but also favorite place recreation for local residents. Rapid industrialization, which began as early as the 13th century, led to the construction of a dam for the operation of water mills, which, in turn, led to the formation of two artificial lakes. The outer and inner lakes of the Alster are now very popular among tourists. Boat trips and cruises along the Alster canals, which take place throughout the city, give you an excellent opportunity to explore Hamburg. In the summer, the lake is crowded with boats, but the best time to visit the Alster Lake is in winter, when the frozen lake turns into a huge ice skating rink.

Altona Fish Market

Another unusual, but popular attraction of the city can be called fish market in Alton County. It should be noted that although the market is called a fish market, absolutely everything is sold here, including, of course, a huge number of varieties of fish. This bright, noisy, crowded market dates back to 1703 and takes place every Sunday from 5:30 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. The most notable place in the market is the Fish Auction Hall, where tons of fresh fish are sold. There is also a restaurant with live music to entertain customers. If you come to Hamburg, be sure to visit the fish market.

Blankenese

Once upon a time, Blankenese was a fishing village on the north bank of the Elbe River, where they preferred to move after retirement former captains ships. Today, for local residents, this village has become a vacation spot in weekend, and some of the richest people have chosen it as their permanent residence. Beautiful villas, picturesque houses and old-style mansions, standing on the very banks of the Elbe, attract tourists here. In Blankenese you will find many cafes, cinemas, restaurants, shops and weekly markets selling fresh vegetables and fruits. The village is located in a very hilly area, so there are steps and stairs everywhere. Be prepared to walk a lot if you decide to go to Blankenese. This is a great place for a full day excursion.

Hamburger Dom

Passing three times a year (summer, winter and spring), festival "Hamburger-Dom"- the largest folk fair in the northern part of the country. Every year it attracts 9-10 million visitors. The festival opens with a parade, after which the fun continues for another month. The length of the fair is more than 3 km, filled with huge carousels, roller coasters, beer tents, stalls with all sorts of goodies and other entertainment. Special attention attracts the giant Ferris wheel, because it offers a magnificent view of the entire city. "Hamburger Dom" is the longest festival in this region, which lasts more than 31 days.

hamburg town hall

The old city hall of Hamburg, which is already 100 years old, is also worth a visit. It was built at a time when architecture was trying to emphasize wealth and abundance. The massive building contains 647 rooms, most of which are decorated with wood or gold. This is an ideal opportunity to appreciate the beauty of the city's architecture. In addition to its historical value and beauty, the town hall also plays a functional role - it gives shelter to the government of both the city and the state (Parliament and Senate). The courtyard of the town hall is known as the most beautiful place in the city. The fountain of Hygeia in the center of the courtyard is a female bronze figure representing the goddess of health, next to a dragon symbolizing cholera. You can take part in a city hall tour that will take you through the magnificent rooms. Interior interior spaces will blow your mind, so don't miss it!

In addition to the attractions already mentioned, Hamburg is full of other places worth visiting. Here is the most modern in the world Planetarium, hagenbeck zoo- the first in the world with open enclosures, the Hamburg Kunsthalle art museum, the port, church of st michael, The Japanese Garden is the largest Japanese garden in the world. You can continue for a long time.

The public transport system in Hamburg is reliable and efficient, so you don't have to worry about getting around the city once you get there. Enjoy the diversity of Hamburg's most beautiful buildings and picturesque landscapes and don't forget to capture memories that will stay with you for a lifetime.

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City
German Hamburg
Coat of arms
53°33′ N. sh. 10°00′ E d.
A country	Germany
Status	administrative center of the land
Earth	Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
internal division	7 districts
Burgomaster	Peter Chencher
History and geography
First mention	810
City with	7 May 1189
Square	755.3 km² ( 2016 )
Center height	6 ± 1 m
Timezone	UTC+1, summer UTC+2
Population
Population	1 810 438 people ( December 31, 2016)
Density	2388.57 people/km²
National composition	Germans - 87%, other nationalities - 13% (2011)
Confessional composition	Catholics - 10%, Protestants - 30%, others - 60% (2011)
Digital IDs
Telephone code	040, 04721
Postcode	20095–21149 And 22041–22769
car code	HH
Identification code	02 0 00 000
hamburg.de

Hamburg(German Hamburg [ˈhambʊɐ̯k], local [ˈhambʊɪç], N. German Hamborg [ˈhambɔːx]; pronunciation) is a city in the north. How Free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg(German Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg) is one of the 16 states, a city-state in its composition. It is the second largest in the country (after), the seventh largest in the European Union and the most populated non-capital city in the European Union. As of December 31, 2014, the population of the city was 1,803,752.

Hamburg is one of the largest port cities in Germany, located at the confluence of the Elbe River into the North Sea. The motto of the city, which can be read in the form of an inscription above the portal of the city hall, reads: "Libertatem quam peperere maiores digne studeat servare posteritas". The accepted verse translation of this phrase into German sounds like "Die Freiheit, die erwarben die Alten, möge die Nachwelt würdig erhalten"(“The freedom that our ancestors achieved for us, let our descendants honorably keep it”). The Latin name of the city, used, for example, in the anthem of the city, is lat. Hammonia. The coat of arms and flag of Hamburg depicts the gates of the city fortress, and Hamburg is often called the "gate to the world" for this (German: Tor zur Welt). In addition, Hamburg has its own anthem. They became a song praising the city and composed in 1828, when Hamburg was an independent city-state, Georg Nikolaus Berman (German: Georg Nikolaus Bärmann). This poet wrote many songs in Low German and was known to be a great connoisseur of the history of Hamburg. The song in honor of Hamburg sounded for the first time in the finale of his play "Civil Fidelity", staged on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Reformation.

Symbolism

The first image of the coat of arms of the city is found already in the XII century on the old Hamburg seal: city ​​wall with teeth as a symbol of the power and independence of the city, above the wall - three towers. There is a cross on the middle tower, because Hamburg was an episcopal city. The hexagonal stars of the Virgin Mary hover above the two extreme ones. For many centuries, it was she who was the heavenly protector of the city, and her image was strengthened over every gate that led to the city. The gates on the emblem were depicted either open or closed, and this did not have any special meaning. Until the 18th century, the wall and towers were red, and the background was white. But in 1752, the Senate changed the color scheme, now we see white towers on a red background. This is the so-called small coat of arms of Hamburg. It also adorns the city flag. The Senate approved its appearance in 1834 - a rectangular panel of red color with a white image of a city wall with a gate and three towers. The use of the coat of arms and the flag is determined by law and is permitted only to state organizations.

Hamburg also has a large national emblem. It is decorated with formidable lions and other heraldic attributes - and has existed since the 16th century. This emblem is also depicted on the state flag of Hamburg, which was specially created for the celebrations on the occasion of the opening new town hall in 1897. Only the senate and the parliament of the city can use the large coat of arms, and only the senate can use the state flag.

The maritime coat of arms and the maritime flag of Hamburg can be found on buildings where state organizations related to navigation are located, and on ships belonging to the city. The coat of arms with the city wall also adorns the anchor, and this coat of arms appeared in 1642.

Keeping up with the times, Hamburg in 1999 acquired its own brand name - the logo (author - Peter Schmidt). On it, the city gates are depicted as open, emphasizing the openness of Hamburg to the whole world, and the blue wave symbolizes the port, maritime traditions and the dynamism of the city.

In the Eimsbüttel district of Hamburg there is a Metfesselstraße street. It is named after the composer Alfred Metfessel (1789-1865), who lived and worked in Hamburg from 1823-1832. Metfessel is the author of operas, song compositions popular at that time, the oratorio "Jerusalem Liberated". In 1824, the composer founded the Hamburger Liedertafel Choral Society, one of the first singing unions in Germany. This choir performed the premiere of the Hamburg anthem.

The original song written by Berman consisted of 7 stanzas. For choral performance, this text was both too long and too complicated. In 1890, a shorter version of the anthem was adopted - from four stanzas. This variant very quickly became popular, and is performed in our time. And the final words of Berman's stanzas have now become a chorus in which Hammonia is praised. Since the 17th century, the city of Hamburg itself and its heavenly patroness, the goddess Gammonia, who replaced the Virgin Mary, have been called in Latin since the 17th century. The anthem is performed during solemn events held in the Hamburg City Hall.

Geography

Hamburg is located in northern Germany on both banks of the Elbe River at the confluence of the Alster and Bille rivers, about 110 km southeast of the place where the Elbe flows into the North Sea. The natural sea harbor extends along the entire length of the Elbe, especially along the southern bank of the Elbe opposite the urban areas of St. Pauli and. City blocks on both sides of the river are connected by many bridges, as well as old and new tunnels under the Elbe. The natural landscape south and north of the Elbe is called the Geesta and is a hilly lowland of sandy and sedimentary rocks formed by a glacier that descended during the Ice Age. The federal state of Hamburg is located between the lands in the north and in the south.

Climate

Story

Map of Hamburg from 1800

The remains of the first buildings on the territory of modern Hamburg are dated by archaeologists to the 5th-6th centuries AD and belong to the era of the Great Migration of Peoples. The oldest traces of dwellings of the North Albing Saxon tribe found today are located in the area where the Alster River flows into the Elbe (modern city center) and date back to the 4th century AD. e.

The settlement, which gave rise to the city, supposedly arose at the mouth of the Alster in the 8th century. In 808, the emperor Charlemagne built a fortress Hammaburg to protect against the Western Slavs. The modern name comes from the Old Saxon name burg - fortress; the origin and meaning of the word "ham" is unknown. The name underwent a phonetic transformation: Bogborg → Bockborg → Buckborg → Huckborg → Huhborg → Hubbouch → Humbouch → Humbourg → Hambourg → Hamburg. The original title suggests that given place was a Slavic shrine (“city of God”), which, among other things, is indicated by its name in the Vandal chronicle sources as “the city of God”. Thus, there are two main hypotheses for the origin of the toponym: Either this land was already inhabited by the Slavs and was a sacred place, or the city arose here during the time of Charlemagne to resist the Slavs. Supporters of the first hypothesis tend to believe that the original name of this place was "Chrám Boha".

In 810 the fortress was taken by the Velets and practically destroyed. In 834, the residence of the archbishop was formed here, which was repeatedly besieged and devastated by the Slavs, Danes and Normans.

In the XII century, due to the rapid development of trade in the north, the importance of the Elbe River as an important transport artery increased significantly. On May 7, 1189, Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa grants significant trading privileges to Hamburg, including allowing Hamburg to collect customs duties on goods transported along the Elbe. This circumstance played a big role in the development of the Hamburg port, and now this day is celebrated in Hamburg as the "birthday of the port" (German Hafengeburtstag).

Map of Hamburg (late 19th century)

Hamburg was one of the first to join the Hanseatic League created in the Middle Ages in Northern Europe and became the most important port on the North Sea. The city served as a transit point for the transportation of grain, fabrics, furs, herring, spices, timber and metals. In 1510, Hamburg received the status of a "free imperial city" (German: Freie Reichsstadt), which essentially granted it independence from imperial power and the right to self-government.

The further growth of Hamburg is associated with the discovery of America and sea routes in. Since 1550, it has become one of the most important ports for the delivery of goods to European countries.

In the 18th century, Hamburg in foreign trade experienced strong competition from the city, which belongs to the Danish crown and is located right next door - on the banks of the Elbe near the western city limits of Hamburg, and also strongly encouraged to compete with Hamburg by the Danish king. The sovereignty of the city was violated in 1806, when, after the invasion of Napoleonic troops, it was annexed to the French Empire, becoming the administrative center of the Elbe Estuary department. The occupation by French troops lasted until 1814, after which the independence of the city was restored.

Hamburg on a postcard (1895)

After the unification of Germany in 1871, the city became its main "sea gate to the world." About half of German exports and imports pass through the port. Hamburg becomes one of the most important industrial centers in Germany. The opening of the Kiel Canal in 1895 further increased the attractiveness of the port of Hamburg, as the canal provided a direct connection to the Baltic Sea.

Until the middle of the 19th century, Hamburg remained within its medieval borders. Starting from 1860, due to the rapid development of industry, nearby settlements were gradually included in the city. By 1900, the city's population exceeded one million inhabitants. In 1923, a communist uprising led by Ernst Thalmann took place in Hamburg. In 1937, the "Greater Hamburg Act" was adopted, which determined the new boundaries of the city, which have been preserved to this day. To Hamburg were attached: the largest city of the province -, the city and other settlements and territories.

During the Second World War, the city was repeatedly subjected to air raids by Anglo-American aircraft. During the operation "Gomorrah" on July 25 - August 3, 1943, more than 50 thousand inhabitants died from the bombing and the gigantic fire caused by them and most of the city buildings were destroyed.

Policy

• The legislature is the Hamburg Burgerschaft (German: Hamburgische Bürgerschaft), elected by the population,
• executive body - the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic city Hamburg ( Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg), consisting of:
  • First burgomaster ( Erster Burgermeister) And
  • Hamburg senators,
• body of constitutional supervision - the Hamburg Constitutional Court ( Hamburgisches Verfassungsgericht),
• the highest court is the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court ( Hanseatisches Oberlandesgericht),
• the highest court of administrative justice is the Hamburg Higher Administrative Court ( Hamburgisches Oberverwaltungsgericht).

The last parliamentary elections in Hamburg took place on 20 February 2011. The SPD received 48.6% of the vote, the CDU received 21.9% of the vote, the Green Party - 11.2%, the FDP - 6.6%, the left - 6.4%.

Administrative division

Administrative divisions of Hamburg

Hamburg is a federal state in .

Hamburg consists of 7 districts and is divided into 105 quarters.

Representative bodies of districts - district assemblies ( bezirksversammlung), elected by the population, executive bodies - district departments ( bezirksamt), elected by district assemblies.

Religion

The majority of believers are Lutherans, the largest Lutheran denomination is the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany ( Evangelisch Lutherische Kirche in Norddeutschland).

Population

The population of the city as of December 31, 2011 (taking into account the results of the 2011 census) was 1,718,187 inhabitants (and earlier on the same date it was estimated at 1,798,836 inhabitants).

According to the data for 1970, 1,793,640 people lived in the city, for 1980 - 1,645,095 people, for 1990 - 1,652,363 people, for December 31, 2000 - 1,715,392 people

Hamburg reached its peak population (1.9 million inhabitants) in 1964. The outflow of the population led to a decrease in the population to 1.6 million inhabitants in 1986. Since then, the population has risen to 1,786,448 by December 31, 2010. Prior to the 2011 census results, the city's population was projected to continue to grow over the next 10 years, to approximately 1.79 million inhabitants.

By the end of 2007, 257,825 residents had only foreign citizenship, which is 15% of the total population. 183 different nationalities are represented. One fifth of all foreigners (57,220 people) had exclusively Turkish citizenship, 8% (21,455 people) were citizens, 6% (15,666 people) were Serbs and Montenegrins, 5% (12,694 people) were citizens. More than a quarter of all foreigners registered in Hamburg are EU citizens.

Economy and industry

Hamburg is the largest port in Germany, the second largest in Europe, and ranks ninth in the world. The largest shipyard Blohm und Voss. Hamburg is an important location for the civil aerospace industry. Two companies are represented in the city - EADS and Airbus, which has an assembly plant in Hamburg, the plant employs more than 13,000 people. The head office of Beiersdorf is located in Hamburg. Also in the city there is a large brewery producing the well-known Russian beer brand Holsten. Hamburg is a center of mechanical engineering, light and printing industry. Famous press publishing houses are located in the city: Spiegel and Stern. The city is also home to the headquarters of Otto, Europe's largest mail order business.

Logistics and transport

Ways of the main railway station

Hamburg is a major transport hub (railways and highways), as well as a sea and river (Elbe River) port. The seaport is the largest port in Germany, which is the second largest in Europe after. The industrial area of ​​the port includes shipyards, oil refineries and factories for the processing of foreign raw materials.

Hamburg's public transport system includes the subway (German: U-Bahn), city rail (German: S-Bahn), block river ferries, commuter trains, and buses. All city transport is under the control of the Hamburg Transport Association (it. Hamburger Verkehrsverbund, HVV). Fares are determined by zone. There is a flexible fare system that provides for the possibility of purchasing single tickets for different types of transport, for different periods, individually or for a group. Especially for tourists, there is also a preferential card “Hamburg CARD”, which, in addition to the right to travel on all modes of transport, allows you to visit 27 city museums free of charge or at a discount, take part in city tours, boat trips, etc. One of the Deutsche railway directorates was located in Hamburg Bundesbahn. The main Fülsbüttel airport is located 8.5 km from the city center, in the south-west of Hamburg is Hamburg-Finkenwerder Airport, the Airbus base in Germany.

The motor-pedestrian tunnel under the Elbe of 1911, which is still functioning today, is recognized as a historical symbol of the engineering and construction art of Germany.

Culture and attractions

Town Hall and city center.

The city has retained certain features of medieval buildings. The city center, located at the confluence of the Alster River with the Elbe, is divided into the districts of Altstadt ("Old Town") and Neustadt ("New Town"). Among the main attractions: the neo-Renaissance City Hall (1886-1887, the city hall and the senate are located here) on the famous Town Hall Square, the houses of the 17-18 centuries on the streets of Reimerstvite, Cremon, Deichstraße; St. Catherine's Church, Neo-Gothic St. Nicholas Church, St. Michael's Church, Jakobikirche, St. Paul's Church, Christuskirche Church, Bismarck Monument on Helgolander Allee, Chilihaus and Sprinkenhof houses, Opera House.

Museums

Kunsthalle.

There are approximately 60 museums in Hamburg. One of the city's most famous museums is the Hamburg Kunsthalle, located northwest of the central station. The museum exhibits works of art from the 15th to 20th centuries, especially the collections of German Romantics and Expressionists. The exposition area of ​​the museum is 6,000 m²; temporary exhibitions are often held here. The Altona Museum of Northern Germany is located in the Altona area, the expositions of which tell about the history of Northern Germany, about its art, shipbuilding, and ethnography.

Next to the Altona Museum is the Ernst Barlach Museum, dedicated to the sculptor and expressionist writer E. Barlach, who was persecuted by the Nazis. The museum presents wooden and bronze sculptures, graphics and ceramics. The Hamburg Ethnological Museum is interesting with exhibits representing cultures and. Another interesting museum in Hamburg is the Erotic Art Museum, which displays works on erotic themes from five centuries. The History Museum of Hamburg tells about the history of Hamburg and the federal state from prehistoric times to the present day, about the history of the port and navigation. This city is also home to the world's largest railway mock-up "Miniature Wonderland", the total length of which is about 13 kilometers. In the HafenCity area is located the International Maritime Museum of Hamburg ().

Theaters

German National Theatre.

In 1678, the first permanent opera house in Germany was founded here: Georg Friedrich Handel (1686-1759) staged his first opera Almira here. The great son of the city is the composer Johann Brahms (1833-1897). In 1767, the German National Theater, associated with the name of Lessing, was founded here, which gained a leading position mainly due to the productions of Shakespeare's works. Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724-1803) and Matthias Claudius (1740-1815) were known in Hamburg as "literary idols". New, avant-garde impulses, which received an international impact in the development of opera, were given by Rolf Liebermann, and in the development of drama theater - by Gustaf Gründgens. Unforgettable is the actor in the role of Baron Munchausen - Hans Albers (1891-1960). The city is in third place after and in terms of the number of musicals staged in the city. Especially for the "Phantom of the Opera" by EL Webber, the New Flora Theater was built. More than 40 theaters and 50 museums of various kinds operate in Hamburg. In January 2017, after 10 years of construction, the Elbe Philharmonic opened in Hamburg.

Other attractions

There are about 120 parks in Hamburg, including the world's largest Ohlsdorf Cemetery Park (German: Ohlsdorferfriedhof), a small Sternschanze park, Jenischpark park. To the north of the Old Town is the artificial lake Alster (Alster), around which a seven-kilometer "health path" is laid.

The botanical garden is open all year round. It presents in natural conditions most of the plants of Europe and Asia. Admission is free. In the heart of Hamburg is the Planten un Blomen botanical garden, which hosts fireworks and fountain performances every evening from May to October.

The Hamburg Zoo was the first to recreate the natural habitat of animals.

Sport

There are two football teams based in the city. FC Hamburg is one of the oldest, most popular and titled German clubs playing in the Bundesliga. The team plays its matches at the Imtech Arena. St. Pauli is the second most important football club in the city, has not achieved great achievements, plays in the second German Bundesliga at the Millerntor stadium. Ice hockey is very popular in Hamburg. The city has a large number of amateur and semi-professional hockey clubs. There is a professional hockey club Hamburg Friesers, which plays in the highest hockey league in Germany. There is also a professional handball club HSV Hamburg, which plays in the third Bundesliga (north). Hamburg is often referred to as the unrecognized capital of German field hockey. Many well-known men's and women's clubs exist in Hamburg. Tennis is also popular, the central court Am Rothenbaum, with a capacity of 13,200 people. the largest in Germany. The city has hosted: World Football Championships 1974, 2006, World Men's Handball Championship 2007, World Triathlon Championship 2007, UEFA Europa League Final 2010, World Championship 2004, 2014 about kettlebell lifting.

Science and education

University of Hamburg.

The school system is administered by the Ministry of Schools and Vocational Training. In 2006, about 160,000 students were enrolled in 245 primary schools and 195 secondary schools.

There are 17 universities in Hamburg. About 70,000 students study, including 9,000 foreigners. Six universities are public. The largest institutions are the University of Hamburg (one of the largest in Germany and Europe, 38 thousand students - 2008/2009), the University of Music and Theater, the University of Applied Sciences and the Hamburg Technical University. There are also small private colleges and universities in the city, including many religious and special institutions, such as the Helmut Schmidt University (University of the Federal Armed Forces of Hamburg) and others. In the west of Hamburg is one of the world's largest particle physics research centers DESY.

• Hamburg ranks first among European cities in terms of the number of bridges (according to various sources, from 2300 to more than 2500). There are more bridges in the city than in (400), (1200) and combined.
• Hamburg is home to the world's largest port warehouse area- Speicherstadt (German: Speicherstadt), built at the end of the 19th century. on wooden piles driven into the shallow water of the Elbe. With their architectural appearance, the sooty red-brick 5-6-storey warehouse buildings, located in rows-blocks on islands in the middle of the Elbe, where canals serve as “streets”, in the evening and twilight can serve as an excellent stage for filming movies about Sherlock Holmes based on the novels of Conan Doyle. For tourists, it is considered a good omen - a successful throw from the bridge of a coin "for memory" - on the end of a pile sticking out of the water a few meters from the bridge. The art of throwing is to try so that the coin does not bounce when struck and does not fall into the waters of the canal, but remains lying on a pile.
• In Hamburg in 1960-1962, in the Reeperbahn-St. Pauli district, the legendary rock band The Beatles began their musical career, while still little known in their homeland, in Liverpool. Here they decided to recruit Ringo Star and retire drummer Pete Best. Also here, after a short family life, one of the "initiators" of The Beatles, Stuart Sutcliffe, died.
• The current world heavyweight boxing champions, the Klitschko brothers, lived and trained in Hamburg. Currently, the "white Tyson" - Ruslan Chagaev - is training here.
• Since July 2000, a monthly publication in Russian has been published, “We in Hamburg”. The main content of the editorial part is articles on the history of Hamburg and its famous people, museums, the Hanseatic traditions of the metropolis on the Elbe.
• German actress Nina Bott is from Hamburg.
• The asteroid (449) Hamburga, discovered in 1899, and the asteroid (723) Gammonia, discovered in 1911, are named after Hamburg.


TV tower in Hamburg

Notes

1. Hamburg. . Retrieved May 2, 2018.
2. Hamburg. Regionaldatenbank Deutschland. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
3. https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/LaenderRegionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ/Aktuell/05Staedte.html
4. Bevölkerung in Hamburg am 12/31/2014 (Hilfe dazu) (German)
5. Listen to the anthem of Hamburg
6. V.V. Vodovozov// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
7. Website for the history of German cities: Hamburg
8. Hamburg // Military encyclopedia: [in 18 volumes] / ed. V. F. Novitsky [i dr.]. - St. Petersburg. ; [ M. ] : Type. t-va I. D. Sytin, 1911-1915.
9. Verg, Erich. Das Abenteuer das Hamburg heißt / Erich Verg, Verg. - 4th. - Hamburg: Ellert & Richter, 2007. - P. 8. - ISBN 978-3-8319-0137-1.(German)
10. Charnock, Richard Stephen. Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary of Geographical Names. - London: Houlston and Wright, 1859. - P. 125.
11. Falckenstein, Johann Heinrich von. Antiquitates et moralia Marchiae Brandenburgicae. - Bayreuth und Hof, 1751. - ‎P. 153.
12. Origines Hamburgenses. - Liebezeit, 1706. - P. 95.
13. Radlinsky, Andrej ; Sasinek, Viťazoslav. Albert, arcibiskup Hamburgský. // Slovesnos. - Oct 6 1864. - R. 2 - Chis. 35 - S. 547.
14. SPD kann Hamburg allein regieren (German)
15. Statistisches Bundesamt: Gemeinden in Deutschland nach Bevölkerung am 12/31/2011 auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011 und früherer Zählungen
16. Cities and rural settlements of the federal states of Germany according to official sources Germany (German)
17. Statistics. Hamburg Archived October 4, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
18. (unspecified title)- S. 2.
19. (unspecified title)- S. 12.
20. Railway transport. Encyclopedia.: M. Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1995 pp. 88-89
21. Hamburg // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
22. Wunderland Facts - model building - model railway Hamburg www.miniatur-wunderland.com
23. Internationales Maritimes Museum Hamburg (German)
24. Arno Kappler, Adriane Grevel. Germany. Data. - Frankfurt am Main: Societets-Verlag, 1995. - 492 p. - ISBN 3-7973-0603-2.
25. World Championship 2014 in Hamburg
26. The most interesting and informative about Hamburg
27. Here in Hamburg Main page (Russian) (German)

Literature

• Buldakov G. N., Leiboshits N. Ya. Hamburg / Cover design by M. A. Bychkov; Leningrad organization of the Order of Lenin of the Union of Architects of the USSR. - L .: Stroyizdat, Leningrad branch, 1983. - 104 p. - (Sister cities of Leningrad). - 20,000 copies.(reg.)
• Hamburg, city // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. - St. Petersburg. , 1908-1913.

Links

• Official website of the city of Hamburg (German)
• Consulate General of the Russian Federation in Hamburg (Russian) (German)
• Short film "Hamburg Life" - Youtube