Start in science. perhaps the most famous of her city sisters. List of used sources and literature

in Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions the Chik River flows. The mouth of the river is located 6 kilometers along the right bank of the Oesh River. The channel passes near the 3300th kilometer of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The river is assigned to the Verkhneobsky basin district according to the data of the state water register of Russia.

The hydronym came from the name of a tribe that lived on the banks of the river, or from the Turkic word "chik", which means "edge", that is, a border river. River length: 114 kilometers, catchment area: 2740 square kilometers.

River 2nd Eltsovka

The 2nd Eltsovka River flows through the territory of the city of Novosibirsk, then, at the 2956th kilometer, it flows into the Ob. The length of Eltsovka 2nd is 14 kilometers.

In the state water register, the river belongs to the Verkhneobsky basin district. It got its name from the eponymous name of the Big Eltsovka River. Eltsovka-1, on the other hand, bore the name - Eltsovka small even before the birth of the city of Novosibirsk. Places in the area of ​​the First and Second Eltsovka (small and large - as the first settlers called them) turned out to be attractive for the location of manufacturing industries there, which contributed to the emergence of a new district of Eltsovsky. Since the beginning of the 20th century, many enterprises have appeared here, which significantly influenced the state of the river.

River Ob

In the southern part of the Ob River is the Novosibirsk reservoir, formed by the dam of the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station. It was built over 11 years, and when creating the reservoir, many villages had to be flooded. The reservoir is so impressive that the locals call it by the Ob Sea. It serves as a resting place for many Novosibirsk residents and tourists from other regions, as recreation centers and sanatoriums are located on its banks.

The question of the etymology of the name of the river is very interesting. There are several versions. According to one of them, it is believed that the name of the river came from the Komi language, and in translation it means “snow” or “snowdrift”. There is also a version that the name of the river was given by the Iranian-speaking peoples who lived in the south Western Siberia, since "ap" means "water" in Iranian. There is an assumption that the word "Ob" comes from the Russian "both". It was said "both rivers", referring to the Katun and Biya rivers, which merged into the Ob.

Many valuable species of fish live in the waters of the Ob and Ob Bay: sturgeon, sterlet, nelma, and so on. But the objects of industrial importance are mainly pike, pike perch, ide, burbot, crucian carp, perch.

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Formulation of the problem. The authors carried out work on the systematization of information on the small rivers of Novosibirsk, which is fragmented. The main idea in choosing the direction of the study was to subsequently compile a collection on the small rivers of Novosibirsk based on the collected factual material. By collecting information, we will be able to get a complete picture of the small rivers of our city and present the information to the students of our school and the public through the publication of a scientific article and the media.

Relevance of the topic. Our river - the Ob is fed by 9 small rivers flowing within the city: 8 on the right bank and 1 on the left bank. We understand that the state of the main river also depends on the geoecological state of the tributary. The available information about the studied tributaries is scarce and therefore our study is undoubtedly important in expanding the horizons of our region, and we think that the planned result, which is an illustrated collection of data on rivers, is also of practical importance.

The purpose of information and abstract work- systematization of available information about the small rivers of Novosibirsk, analysis of their condition in order to compile a collection in the future.

Research tasks:

Give brief description small rivers of Novosibirsk;

Consider the ecological state and history of the studied tributaries of the Ob;

Determine a promising solution for the work carried out.

Brief review of used literature and sources.

Resources of surface waters of the USSR: Hydrological knowledge. T. 15. Altai and Western Siberia. The book contains basic information about the Ob River and its tributaries.

Basic information available on present stage studies were taken from electronic resources: Eltsovka-Pervaya River - Nature, Rivers, rivers, streams, Inya River in the Novosibirsk region, Small rivers of Novosibirsk and Small rivers of Novosibirsk: history and prospects.

The degree of study of this issue. The problems of the small rivers Ob have been worrying people from various positions for a long time. In a few sources, but mainly on the available Internet sources, a brief physical and geographical description is given, as well as information for personal needs, for example, for fishermen. We think that our study that has begun and the final result will make some adjustments in the systematization of the studied tributaries.

The collection and presentation of factual material was carried out by all the authors of the work independently, as part of the training program "Geoecology of small rivers" at the Planetarium Children's and Youth Center.

1 Brief physical and geographical characteristics of the small rivers of Novosibirsk

The largest river in the region is the Ob. For about 400 km it flows through the Novosibirsk region from north to south and divides it into right-bank and left-bank parts. The Ob River is fed by 9 tributaries. There are 8 of them on the right bank: Zyryanka, Eltsovka, Inya, Kamyshenka, Plyushchikha, Kamenka, Eltsovka 1st, Eltsovka 2nd, on the left bank there is one - Tula (Appendix A, Figure 1, Appendix B). Their total length is approximately 100 km. Some of them are quite full-flowing and “solid”, like Inya, and there are almost invisible ones (15 km passes through pipes and collectors) 1 .

Below is a brief physical and geographical description of 9 small rivers of the Ob.

1.1Tula River 2

Tula is a river in the Novosibirsk region of Russia (Appendix A, Figure 2). The mouth of the river is located in Novosibirsk, 2964 km from the mouth along the left bank of the Ob River. The length of the river is 72 km, the catchment area is 740 km².

1.2 Kamenka River 2

Kamenka is a river in the Novosibirsk region of Russia (Appendix A, Figure 3). Right tributary of the Ob. Its length is 25 km. The basin area is 130 km². The mouth of the Kamenka River, the beginning of Bolshevistskaya Street - this is the "small motherland" of our city. The Kamenka River originates at an altitude of about 200 meters above sea level between settlements Leninsky and Mochishche.

It flows in a southwestern direction through the villages of Vitaminka, Sovetsky, Kamenka, Voskhod. IN downstream crosses Dzerzhinsky, Central and Oktyabrsky districts of Novosibirsk. For 6.1 km. in the central part of the city enclosed in a collector.

1.3 River Inya 6

The right tributary of the Ob - the river Inya, originating from the southern slope of the Taradanovsky ridge, is a typical flat river of the Kuznetsk steppe and forest-steppe (Appendix A., Figure 4). Its length is 663 km. It has a well developed valley with many oxbow lakes, floodplain lakes and meanders. Several rivers flowing from the Salair Ridge flow into Inya: Big and Small Bachaty, Ur, Kasma, Izyla, etc. Near the village of Inskoy, not far from the town of Belovo, a dam was built on the Inya River, which made it possible to create a reservoir here - the so-called Belovskoye Sea - and a recreation area on its shore. The reservoir is an excellent reservoir for breeding valuable fish species.

1.4 Zyryanka River 2

Zyryanka is a small river in Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk region (Appendix A, Figure 5). The river flows on the very outskirts of Novosibirsk, the southernmost of the small city rivers. Its total length is about 12 km. The source of Zyryanka is located on the territory of the Historical and Architectural Museum under open sky IAET SB RAS. The source is located in a swampy ravine. Zyryanka feeds on groundwater - springs. This river is more like a stream: the depth of the channel is no more than 0.5 m, the width is no more than 1.5 m. Before filling Novosibirsk reservoir and the formation of the Berdsky Bay (1958) Zyryanka flowed into the Berd River. At present, the mouth of the river is located between the Ob Sea stopping platform and the Beregovaya platform. In the upper reaches, several drying tributaries flow into the river. The entire river in its upper course also dries up during dry periods.

1.5 River Eltsovka-1 5 is located in the city of Novosibirsk on the territory of the Zaeltsovsky district, it is one of the nine small rivers of the city (Appendix A, Figure 6) 4 . The length of the river is 11 km. Starting at an altitude of 210 m, it flows in a western direction, north of Akademgorodok. The river flows into Lake Maloye, which connects with a channel of the floodplain of the Ob River at 2957 km. The fall of the river is 97m, the slope is 70 cm per 1 km. The catchment area is 24 km. 2 The river has two sources that merge into one channel on Tankova Street. Eltsovka has three channels: Dol is on the right, and Romikha and Kamyshevka are on the left. In the interfluve is the village of Kainskaya Zaimka.

1.6 River Eltsovka 2nd 5

Eltsovka - the Second refers to the nine small rivers of the city of Novosibirsk (Appendix A, Figure 7). The river belongs to the Upper Ob basin district. The length of the river is 14 km, the catchment area is 42 km2. The river flows into the Ob, being its water management section. The beginning of the river and its upper reaches are located in the west of the Kalininsky district, and the middle and lower reaches are in the Zaeltsovsky district of Novosibirsk. The river flows out of a small lake in the village of Klyukvenny, between the Northern Bypass of Novosibirsk and the antenna field of the RV-76 radio station, flows through Novosibirsk in a south-westerly direction and flows into the Ob on the right, 2956 km from the mouth, in the Sukharka region.

1.7 Nizhnyaya Eltsovka 5 .

This river is located at the other end of Novosibirsk, in the Soviet district (Appendix A, Figure 8). It flows north of Akademgorodok, its length is 11 km. Eltsovka has three tributaries: Romikha, Kamyshevka and Dol. Going around the Kainskaya Zaimka, the river crosses the line of Novosibirsk not far from the Higher Military School, which is on the street. Ivanova. Then it flows not far from IKEM (Timakova st.) and flows through the microdistrict of the same name (Lesosechnaya st.). Eltsovka flows into Lake Maloye, connected to the Ob channel.

1.8 Plyushchikha River 4

The Plyushchikha River is located in the Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions and belongs to the nine small rivers of the city of Novosibirsk. The length of the river is 12 km. The river flows within the city from the northeast to the southwest, where it flows into the river Inya (Appendix A, Figure 9). In the upper and middle reaches, several streams flow into the river, the beginning of which is taken from deep ravines. The river flows through the territory of the Oktyabrsky district, which is sparsely populated due to the presence forest areas and ravines.

1.9 Kamyshenka 4

Kamyshenka is a very small, unremarkable river-stream, its length is only 4 km (Appendix A, Figure 10).

However, it is a real champion in naming: the river gave its name to the Klyuch-Kamyshensky plateau (on which its source is located) and railway station"Kamyshenskaya", Kamyshensky log street and ten Kamyshensky lanes! Kamyshenka flows in the Oktyabrsky district, from Ryabinovaya street. Then it serves as the border of the Inyushensky park, flowing along it, and through a pipe under an embankment railway goes outside on Bolshevik street, opposite the Borok quarry. Here the river ... disappears, leaving underground. Previously, apparently, Kamyshenka flowed into Inya, but over the years it became shallow and changed its course. Unfortunately, this river is one of the most polluted, which is not surprising - because it flows entirely within the city. Despite its small size, Kamyshenka often flooded coastal houses during the spring flood. Now its channel is deepened and expanded.

2 Geoecological state of the studied inflow

This paragraph provides general characteristics geoecological state of small rivers of the city.

Due to industrial and domestic waste, the water in the rivers gradually became undrinkable. So. water in Kamenka is muddy, and within the city it is also polluted with household and industrial waste. Kamenka was a fairly fast and relatively full-flowing river with steep banks and many adjoining ravines. At the beginning of the 20th century, small ships entered its mouth - there was a steamship shipyard that was engaged in repair or re-equipment river vessels 3 .

Behind last years in many places Inya has lost her colorful and lyrical appearance. The river was especially affected in sections from Gramoteino to Leninsk-Kuznetsky. Industry has flourished here. Forests disappeared on its banks, groves were cut down. Inya visibly grew smaller. The river is continuously degrading, its channel is intensively sown, shallow. A layer of bottom sediments is formed, predominantly of technogenic origin, with a high content of heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, petroleum products, and pesticides.

Each river is capable of self-cleaning, and with the help of tributaries of small rivers and streams, but this does not help Ina much, the catchment area has sharply decreased, there are many industrial discharges of the Mokhov and Kolmogorov sections, and the upper reaches of the river feel a lack of fresh water.

Even in the first half of the 20th century, right up to the construction of the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station and Akademgorodok, the Zyryanka River basin was a habitat for wild animals 2 . Hunters from Novosibirsk and Berdsk came here, by the railway of the Altai direction, to siding No. 3. Museum wooden architecture in the open air, in which the Church of the Savior from Zavishersk stands out. In the upper reaches of the Zyryanka, near the village of Klyuchi, a ski resort; equipped with a place for training and competitions in trap shooting. In the Zyryanka basin there are thousands of garden plots of residents of the Sovetsky District 4 .

Now it is a very shallow river, about half a meter deep, almost a stream. And earlier, half a century or more ago, it was much more full-flowing - steep slopes and a wide valley speak of this. They say that about 70 years ago, hunters for foxes, hares and other animals came to these parts. This river is more like a stream: the depth of the channel is no more than 0.5 m, the width is no more than 1.5 m. Most likely, it used to be much larger, because the river flows through a wide valley with steep steep slopes. This is confirmed by the old-timers.

Before the creation of the Novosibirsk Reservoir (also known as the Ob Sea), the Zyryanka had a length of about 12 km and flowed into the swamp of the Khudaya Zaboka tract, now flooded. After the construction of the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station, Zyryanka began to flow into the newly created reservoir. 2

There is an assumption that the reasons for the shallowing of the river were a large number of ponds created on it (since ponds increase the evaporation surface), and water intake for the needs of horticultural societies. There are 3 artificial ponds on the river. Further downstream there are two more ponds with a drain into the river. These ponds were created for recreational purposes and to supply gardeners with water 2 . In 2007-2008 as a result of the activity of beavers, a forest area near the river was flooded (Appendix A, Figure 11, 12). A pond was formed, a characteristic feature of which is the many trees that grow right at its bottom. For the first time, beavers were observed at the mouth of the Zyryanka in the summer of 2003. In 2006, a beaver dam was found near the mouth in front of the railway embankment crossing the river, while the beavers lived in burrows dug in the railway embankment. This colony was of concern to railroad workers, who feared that the dam built by beavers directly in front of the railroad might contribute to the erosion of the embankment, and repeatedly destroyed the dam, thereby causing dissatisfaction with part local residents 3 .

The last observation of beavers in this place was in 2010, after which the beavers apparently left this settlement. In 2011, on the pond on the left tributary of the Zyryanka in the Niva garden society, beaver gnaws were found on trees. There may be a permanent settlement in the future. Beavers have become a problem for botanical garden, as they gnaw and fell trees, including collectible ones. In addition, dams built by beavers violate the water regime of the river. Near the Eltsovka River 1, in 1905, a city slaughterhouse was launched and manufacturing and industrial enterprises were built: a military sugar factory, a leather production, a meat refrigerator 5 . This contributed to the emergence of the New District - Yeltsovsky. At the same time, the state of the river was greatly changed, pollution by discharges of water and garbage dumps along the banks of the river. Eltsovka 1st is almost completely hidden in the pipes, it comes out in eight sections. In this regard, in the first decade of the 21st century, the Eltsovka River was included in the program for cleaning the channel and building low embankments. Eltsovka-1 is now almost completely hidden in the pipes, coming to the surface in eight sections. The most famous - from Red Avenue to the dam on the street. Hippodrome.

Eltsovka 2nd refers to polluted rivers due to closely located industrial enterprises, such as: the Novosibirsk Instrument-Making Plant, a semiconductor device plant, etc. Enterprises discharge wastewater into the river, although in recent years waste discharge has decreased, but salts of heavy metals, oil products, nitrogen, mercury and other chemical compounds are present in water. In addition, there is littering of the banks with garbage and landfills, which makes local population and environmentalists to fight the pollution of the river.

Nizhnyaya Eltsovka is the most clean river Novosibirsk, because it is formed and flows for the most part in the forest zone of the region. On the territory of the Nizhnyaya Eltsovka microdistrict, the channel was cleared of debris, the banks were strengthened, bridges and crossings were built.

3 History of small rivers

Small rivers, around which the first settlements were formed, left their mark both in the toponymy of the city, for example, the Zaeltsovsky district was named after the Eltsovka River, the Zatulinsky housing estate was named after the Tula River, and in its history, had a significant impact on its urban development 2 .

But even the names of some of them are already beginning to be forgotten. These include, for example, Zyryanka, which flows through the city and the Novosibirsk region.

The name of the river Zyryanka comes from the small (non-existent now) village of Zyryanka, located not far from the modern village of Kirovo (perhaps on the site of the current main building of the Botanical Garden). The village could get its name either from the surname “Zyryaninov”, or from the Zyryans who came from the Komi Republic and built their own village here. Zyryanka flows in the Sovetsky district of the city of Novosibirsk and the Novosibirsk region of the Novosibirsk region. Most likely, it used to be much larger, because the river flows through a wide valley with steep steep slopes. This is confirmed by the old-timers. When part of the Ob basin was flooded during the construction of the hydroelectric power station, the length of the Zyryanka was reduced 2 .

In essence, it has been preserved only in the upper and middle reaches and now flows not into the Berd, but into the reservoir. The river became even smaller when several artificial ponds were created on it and thereby the surface of evaporation was increased. Gardeners also contributed to the shallowing of the river, taking a lot of water for irrigation. Unfortunately, now the Zyryanka belongs to the drying rivers.

No less interesting is the history of Kamenka. Kamenka got its name because of the rocky shores: quarries worked on it, where gray granite was mined, and millstones were made from it. Material for several brick factories was also mined here.

Quarries were built on the banks of the Kamenka, where granite was mined.

In 1925-26. the first reinforced concrete bridge was built across the river, which received the name Sibrevkomovsky (along the street overlooking it). The height of the bridge was then 23 meters, and the width was calculated for the launch of the tram. Cabbers were only allowed to walk across the bridge. The tram was not allowed there, but trolleybuses and buses began to run on it 2 .

In total, until 1992, 6 km 100 m of the river were washed away. The extended open section of Kamenka today can only be seen in the Dzerzhinsky district.

The territory near the mouth of the Kamenka River is a place of connection between the past and the future: a branch can coexist here local history museum, Hall for history lessons with the City Development Fund, a branch of the Siberian Fair, an exhibition hall, a hotel, a conference hall for festivals, meetings, symposiums, a house of public organizations, summer camp schoolchildren.

The river used to run through the center of the city. Its channel passes through the territory of Dzerzhinsky, Central and Oktyabrsky districts. The river originates 4 km east of Mochishche station and flows into the Ob from the right side. Quarries functioned on the banks of the Kamenka, where medium-grained and fine-grained gray granite was mined. In a quarry on the outskirts of the city, millstones were made from this material for mills, of which a considerable number worked in Kamenka. They lasted until 1925. In the summer, the inhabitants of Novonikolaevsk suffered from floods that washed away, and sometimes completely demolished buildings. The water in Kamenka was already very muddy, and within the city it was also polluted with household and industrial waste. However, this water was used for technical and firefighting purposes until the 1950s. A serious problem for the growing city soon became the improvement of the river valley and the elimination of the ravines adjacent to it, in which a huge number of shacks stood close to each other. Academician of architecture Boris Iofan proposed to wash the river. The decision to do so was made in 1960 2 . Work began in 1967 from Bolshevistskaya Street to the railway tracks and to the Ob, then to Lejeune Street. In total, 6 km 100 m of the river were washed away. The work was completed in 1992. The extended open section of Kamenka today can only be seen in the Dzerzhinsky district.

The first Eltsovka was called Small Eltsovka. (The second Eltsovka was called Big Eltsovka). In those distant times, it got its name from the name of a small fish dace. In the place where two full-flowing rivers attracted the attention of the first settlers - peasants, a village was born, and in the future the city of Novonikolaevsk (now Novosibirsk) grew.

The history of the Eltsovka 2 river completely coincides with the history of Eltsovka 1st (small, at that time) and, according to the stories of old-timers and archival documents, the prototype of the name was a small and nimble fish yelets, living in Siberian rivers a lot.

In the 90s, on the right bank of the Ob, where our city was born, there was a dense pine forest through which these two full-flowing rivers flowed. The first settlers of Novonikolaevsk mastered the land without permission, and in order not to catch the eye of local bailiffs, they built their houses a little far from the big Ob, and they looked after good fertile lands along the banks of Eltsovka 5 .

In the literature on the history of the founding of Novonikolaevsk, there is an assumption that the first village - the prototype of the future city - stood a little away from the Ob, on the banks of the Eltsovka River, where even now it crosses Krasny Prospekt near Kalinin Square. Places in the area of ​​the First and Second Eltsovka (small and large, as the first settlers called them) turned out to be the most attractive for the location of manufacturing industries, which contributed to the emergence of a new district of Eltsovsky.

Conclusion

In the process of collecting information and analyzing it, we tried to systematize the available data on the small rivers of our city together, consider the geoecological state and give a brief historical background along the watercourses.

We saw how interesting our city is, which is quite large and promising. Quite an interesting history of the emergence of small rivers. But at the same time, the developing industry negatively affects natural environment Novosibirsk. A lot of interesting place There are within the city, including a fairly large number of watercourses of various sizes, which are polluted to one degree or another. And this problem must be solved. In order to solve the problem of the conservation of small rivers, sufficient knowledge in the field of nature conservation is necessary.

We think that at the first stage of our study, we were able to solve the tasks set using the available information on the objects of study. This will allow us in the future to more thoroughly trace the environmental component of geographic point vision. The systematization of data on the objects of study will allow us in the future to compile a catalog of watercourses, to monitor the geoecological state through our own research on watercourses. The results of our research will be presented to school students and reported at relevant conferences.

List of used sources and literature

Sources

1 Surface water resources of the USSR: Hydrological knowledge. T. 15. Altai and Western Siberia. Issue. 2. Middle Ob / Ed. V. V. Seeberg. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1967. - 351 p.

2 Small rivers of Novosibirsk: history and prospects [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: www.vseon.com. - Title from the screen. - (Date of treatment: 10/15/2017). 3 Small rivers of Novosibirsk [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: wikipedia.org - Title from the screen. - (Date of treatment: 10/15/2017).

4 Popular science encyclopedia "Water of Russia" [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://water-rf.ru. - Title from the screen. - (Date of treatment: 09/15/2017).

5. River Eltsovka-Pervaya - Nature, Rivers, rivers, streams... [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https:// NovosibirskGid.ru. - Title from the screen. - (Date of treatment: 09/25/2017). 6 The Inya River in the Novosibirsk Region [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org. - Title from the screen. - (Date of treatment: 09/25/2017). 7 Map of Novosibirsk with streets on satellite map online [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https://bestmaps.ru/goroda/novosibirsk. - Title from the screen. - (Date of treatment: 5.11.2017). Annex A Small rivers of Novosibirsk

Lake Gorkoye is located in the Krasnozersky district of the Novosibirsk region.

The area is famous for its salt lakes and health resorts and sanatoriums. Lake Gorkoe is the final zone of migration of mineral salts carried by groundwater, which accordingly increases the concentration of salt in it.

However, the lake does not lose its water cover even in hot summer.

The lake attracts tourists as its medicinal properties and the opportunity to relax in nature. For fans of the so-called "green tourism" it is wonderful place for relax.

Lake Chany

The height above sea level is 106 meters, and the area is 1400-2000 square kilometers. Nai great depth reaches 7 meters.

The shores are heavily indented by numerous bays, peninsulas and spits that run parallel to each other. They are semi-submerged manes. There are also many islands stretching from the northeast to the southwest. The rivers Kargat and Chulym flow into the lake. It is connected by a channel with the lakes Malaye Chany and Yarkul.

The main problem of the reservoir is a drop in the water level and drying out.

Lake Chany is used as a place of recreation for the population. Waterfowl are hunted here. Mushrooms and berries are collected on the islands, and some of them serve as a place for grazing cattle.

Lake Ubinskoe

It's drainless freshwater lake. The height above sea level is 134 meters, and the area is 436 square kilometers. Max Depth- 1 meter.

The shores of the lake are low, swampy, and it is fed mainly from swamps. The coastal part is overgrown with reeds and sedge. There are 5 islands here.

The lake is interesting because, according to legend, Khan Kuchum, fleeing the persecution of Russian troops, flooded his golden treasury in the waters of Lake Ubinskoe.

On the shore there is also the Zarechno-Ubinsky burial ground, which consists of 160 barrows of the 6th-18th centuries. Helmets and about 160 bone and iron arrowheads were found in mounds.

Lake Tandovo

The height above sea level is 110 meters, and the area is 57 square kilometers. The greatest depth reaches 2 meters. The Tandovka River flows into the lake.

It is assumed that the name Tandovo is derived from the Turkic word Kandovo (kan - blood).

In the northern part of the lake there is a long and narrow Sugun peninsula, recognized as a natural monument of regional significance.

The white-tailed eagle, listed in the Red Book of Russia, nests on the territory of the reservoir. The Russian Bird Conservation Union declared the white-tailed eagle the bird of the year 2013.

Lake Small Chany

The height above sea level is 106 meters, and the area is 200 square kilometers. Average depth- 1.4 meters. The Chulym River flows into the lake, which originates in the Vasyugan swamps.

The reservoir is located in the forest-steppe natural area. There are 20 species of plants and animals listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Lake Small Chany is connected by the Kozhurla duct with the larger and saltier Lake Chany.

In 2005, an outbreak of an epizootic (widespread spread of an infectious disease) of bird flu was recorded on the territory of the reservoir.

Lake Sartlan

The height above sea level is 110 meters, and the area is 238 square kilometers. The greatest depth reaches 6 meters. The river Karapuz flows into the lake.

It is assumed that the name Sartlan comes from the Bashkir word surtan - pike.

Carp, carp, perch, peled, ide, roach, dace, pike are found here.

The little-studied Sartlan disease (Yuks disease, Gaff disease) is closely related to the name of the lake. People showed signs of food poisoning, then convulsions began, and then the kidneys and liver failed. The main version is toxicosis (eating fish that has temporarily acquired toxic properties). The exact cause of the disease cannot be found to this day.

Lake Danilovo

Oval lake. The greatest depth reaches 17 meters. The transparency of the water allows you to see underwater plants and fish that swim among the algae.

Only on one side of the lake high part which resembles a shaft with two ridges, a beautiful mixed forest grows, overgrown with birch, aspen and tall strong pines. On the bank of Danilovo there is a deposit of greenish-bluish clay, which has healing and cosmetic properties. The air is exceptionally clean and saturated with the aromas of the surrounding vegetation. Egg-pods and water lilies listed in the Red Book grow on the lake.

Lake Danilovo is one of the five lakes of this place, on which, according to eyewitnesses, various mysterious phenomena up to UFO sightings.

Lake Leprindokan

Leprindokan is a lake in the Trans-Baikal Territory in Russian Federation. The lake is located on the Kalar Range at an altitude of about 1056 meters above sea level. The surface area of ​​the lake is 11.7 square kilometers, the catchment area is about 96.3 square kilometers. The largest depth of the reservoir reaches 25 meters. Mineralization is small, about 100 mg/dm³.

The Kuanda River originates from Lake Leprindokan.

The nearest cities to Lake Leprindokan are Chulman, Taksimo, Lensk. The shores of the lake are mostly gentle and picturesque, which attracts tourists and travelers to come here on vacation or for picnics on weekends.

Lake Minzelinskoe

The height above sea level is 97 meters, and the area is 15 square kilometers. The maximum depth reaches 3.5 meters. The Krutishka River flows out of the lake and flows into the Ob.

The bottom of the lake is a mixture of silt and sapropel (centuries-old bottom sediments of freshwater reservoirs). Water and silt have wound-healing properties. In the northeastern part of the lake there is the so-called Taragatskaya hole, which corresponds to the greatest depth of the reservoir.

The lake is quite dangerous, so if a person runs aground, in no case should you get out of the boat, as it will be sucked into the silt.

Sights of Novosibirsk

Project around the world

• To form an idea of ​​the human impact on the water bodies of Novosibirsk and the NSO.

• Acquaintance with reservoirs and rivers of the NSO.
• Introduce the concept of a river, source, mouth, lake and reservoir.
• To acquaint with representatives of the fauna of rivers and lakes.
• Security surrounding nature– our present and future of the NSO.

• A river is a natural water flow of considerable size with a natural course along the channel from the source down to the mouth and fed by surface and underground runoff from its basin.
• In each river, the place of its origin is distinguished - the source and the place where it flows into the sea, lake or confluence with another river - the mouth.

• The Ob is a river in Western Siberia. One of the largest rivers in the world. It originates at the confluence of the Biya and Katun. The length of the Ob is 3650 km, the area of ​​its drainage basin is 2,990,000 km². At the mouth it forms the Gulf of Ob and flows into the Kara Sea.

• A lake is a closed depression of land into which water flows and accumulates. Lakes are not part of the oceans.

• Chany - drainless salt Lake in Russia, located in the Baraba lowland on the territory of the Novosibirsk region, the most large lake in Western Siberia.

• The lake is located on the territory of five districts of the Novosibirsk region: Zdvinsky, Barabinsky, Chanovsky, Kupinsky and Chistoozerny. It got its name from the word chan (Turk.) - a vessel of large sizes.

reservoirs

• Reservoir - an artificial reservoir, formed, as a rule, in a river valley by water-retaining structures for the accumulation and storage of water for the purpose of its use in the national economy.

Novosibirsk reservoir

• The Novosibirsk Reservoir is an artificial reservoir on the Ob River. The reservoir arose after the completion of the construction of the dam of the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station in 1957-1959. Located on the territory of the Novosibirsk region and Altai Territory. On the banks of the reservoir there are cities: Berdsk, Kamen-on-Obi, Novosibirsk.

Fauna of rivers and lakes in the NSO

• In our area, abundant in lakes and swamps, there are a lot of midges - two-winged insects (mosquitoes, midges, horseflies). The largest arthropod in our region is the narrow-toed crayfish. Cancers live in various reservoirs, including in the Ob River and its tributaries.
• There are 34 species of fish and two species of lampreys in the rivers and lakes of the region. The largest fish is the Siberian sturgeon, which lives in the Ob and reaches more than 2 meters in length.

Security water resources NSO

• Municipal Unitary Enterprise of the city of Novosibirsk "Gorvodokanal" has been solving the problems of city life support for more than 80 years. Today it is a modern enterprise providing drinking water of high quality Novosibirsk and the settlements adjacent to it.
• Every day, Municipal Unitary Enterprise of Novosibirsk "Gorvodokanal" delivers 800 thousand m³ to the city drinking water, which meets regulatory requirements, collects and transports more than 700 thousand m³ of wastewater, and conducts their complete biological treatment. The length of water supply and sewerage networks exceeds 3,000 km, and 75 pumping stations are in operation.
• An important element in the work is the activity of the environmental service, which is tasked with observing the current environmental legislation, organizing measures to protect environment and control over their implementation.

“We are all proud that we live on the banks of the Ob, one of the most powerful rivers in the country. Do you know how many so-called “small” rivers (rivers, sometimes almost streams) flow within Novosibirsk? It turns out there are nine of them!

Their total length is approximately 100 km. Eight of them are located on the right bank of the Ob. There are quite full-flowing and “solid” among them, like Inya, and there are almost imperceptible (15 km passes through pipes and collectors) and, to be honest, sometimes unattractive, although only we, the “owners” of the city, are to blame for this.

Well, rivers, on the one hand, courageously endure both garbage dumps and industrial pollution - in spite of everything, biologists count 26 species of fish in the Ob and the reservoir where they flow! On the other hand, sometimes they pay the city in the same coin, overflowing during the flood and flooding the houses due to the rise of the cluttered channel and improper development of the banks.

In the last decade, citizens, both those in power and ordinary residents, pay more attention to the improvement of small rivers, strengthen the banks, clean up, even improve in some places. coastal zones. Perhaps, over time, all our small rivers will become an adornment of the city, and not a place for the flow of everything in a row, as sometimes happens ...

Each of these rivers is connected with the history of Novosibirsk, and most of them have made a significant contribution to ... the names of streets and districts. Listen, these words say something to every Novosibirsk: Eltsovka and Kamyshenka, Plyushchikha and Tula, Kamenka... Isn't it time for us to get to know each of them better?

The most confusing geographical problem is the presence on the city map ... of three Eltsovok rivers at once! With difficulty, I confess, having figured out “who is who”, I present to you at first the most modest river of the city

Eltsovka-1, or "First Yeltsovka"

The river, about 10 kilometers long, begins its journey on the border of the Kalininsky and Dzerzhinsky districts, connecting from two sources in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bul. Tank, and finishes - yes, yes! - in the Zaeltsovsky area. Eltsovka-1 is completely urban, it flows only through the territory of Novosibirsk.

Previously, the river, which was named not at all from spruces (there are relatively few of them among the forests of the region), but from a fish under the name of dace, was called Eltsovka small, in contrast to its sister, Eltsovka large (now Eltsovka-2). Peasants began to settle on the banks of these, then quite full-flowing, rivers in the 19th century, and in the future, the growing village of Nakhalovka became part of Novonikolaevsk.

Interestingly, the name "nakhalovka", firmly entrenched among the people, was given to the village by Emperor Alexander III.

Near the river at the beginning of the last century, a slaughterhouse, a military sugar factory, a leather production were built ... This is how the Yeltsovsky district arose (then became Kaganovichsky and, finally, Zaeltsovsky). It is clear that such an active industrial production had a sad effect on the purity of the river.

Eltsovka-1 is now almost completely hidden in the pipes, coming to the surface in eight sections. The most famous - from Red Avenue to the dam on the street. Hippodrome.

By the way, instead of a dam, according to the project, a bridge was to be built; however, pockets of permafrost were discovered here, and in those days they did not dare to build a bridge on it.

Now in the floodplain of the river, garage cooperatives are actively managing, reclaiming territories near the river. Nevertheless, it is planned to clean up this small river and build a small embankment, so let's hope that not the saddest future awaits Eltsovka-1.

Now about the elder sister of the First Eltsovka,

Eltsovka-2.

Its length is approximately 14 km. Its source is located in the Kalininsky district, in a small lake not far from the Northern Bypass. Soon it flows into Lake Spartak, created for the needs of gardeners, and then resorts to Pine Forest and flows through its ravines and thickets. The river also flows into the Ob after a long journey through the forest, Botanical forestry and Zaeltsovsky forest.

The second Eltsovka was more fortunate than its namesake with number one. It flows throughout its entire length in an open channel, and half of its path is forest areas, so it experiences much less impact from construction and littering, and it has much more beautiful areas. For a short time in the middle of the last century, there was even a beach on its shore near Red Avenue.

In general, its history coincides with the history of the First Eltsovka: the first settlers mastered these lands, deliberately delving into pine forests, away from the Ob, so as not to attract the attention of the authorities with their "squatter construction", and developing fertile lands along its banks. Then the fish was found in it in abundance, and the water was suitable for drinking ...

Now, alas, Eltsovka-2 does not freeze over, it is so polluted. I repeat, however, that the river flows for the most part in undeveloped areas, and its fate is not as sad as that of its completely “urban” neighbors.

Another one Eltsovka,

photo from the site

this time without a number, sometimes referred to as Nizhnyaya Eltsovka - after the name of the village to which she gave the name, and now the well-known microdistrict.

This river is located at the other end of Novosibirsk, in the Soviet district. It flows north of Akademgorodok, its length is 11 km. Eltsovka has three tributaries: Romikha, Kamyshevka and Dol. Going around the Kainskaya Zaimka, the river crosses the line of Novosibirsk not far from the Higher Military School, which is on the street. Ivanova. Then it flows not far from IKEM (Timakova st.) and flows through the microdistrict of the same name (Lesosechnaya st.).

Eltsovka flows into Lake Maloye, connected to the Ob channel. For almost 200 years, in its lower reaches there is the village of Nizhnyaya Eltsovka, which entered the boundaries of Novosibirsk in the 50s of the last century. The river also crosses federal highway M-52 (Berdskoe highway) and the railway of the Altai direction.

Eltsovka is the cleanest river in Novosibirsk, because it is formed and flows mostly in the forest zone of the region. There are no industrial enterprises here, and now Eltsovka - favorite place nesting ducks.

On the territory of the Nizhnyaya Eltsovka microdistrict, the channel was cleared of debris, the banks were strengthened, bridges and crossings were built, and the bank of the river serves as a resting place for the townspeople. In the upper reaches, where half a century ago the inhabitants independently changed the course, Yeltsovka often floods in the spring summer cottages, here work is still needed to clean up the river and strengthen the banks.

Zyryanka

photo from the site

- a river on the very outskirts of Novosibirsk, the southernmost of the small city rivers.

Now it is a very shallow river, about half a meter deep, almost a stream. And earlier, half a century or more ago, it was much more full-flowing - steep slopes and a wide valley speak of this. They say that about 70 years ago, hunters for foxes, hares and other animals came to these parts.

The length of Zyryanka is about 10 km, it begins its journey on a slope four kilometers from Akademgorodok, next to the Historical and Architectural Open Air Museum and the Zashiversky Church. The river flows through the Niva and Vostok garden societies, where several artificial ponds for irrigation have been made on it, and then its most beautiful section passes through the Botanical garden.

Here, too, a pond was made, where ducks live, and even elk were seen more than once, who came to the watering place. The winding riverbed in this section, the graceful bridge, mushrooms and berries make this section of Zyryanka a favorite place for walks among the residents of Akademgorodok.

The river received its name from the village of Zyryanka, which no longer exists, which was located not far from the modern village of Kirov (formerly a collective farm). Previously, it flowed into the Berd River, and after the construction of the hydroelectric power station, its path was shortened, and Zyryanka flows into Ob reservoir, before having overcome the Berdskoye highway and the railway.

By the way, here, near the famous multi-year traffic police post, there was the most dangerous place on the Berdskoe highway, with a steep ascent to the bank of the Zyryanka. Only 25 years ago a dam was built across a deep ravine.

Horticultural societies, having made artificial ponds and taking a lot of water for irrigation, they contribute to the fact that the Zyryanka is significantly shallower and dries up in the upper reaches in summer. This is all the more insulting because the river is quite clean and “alive” - ducks, waders and even herons settle on its ponds, and beavers sometimes have to “sort things out” with ecologists in the Botanical garden.

Inya

photo from the site

- the largest river in Novosibirsk, in addition to the Ob.

Actually, in the city, it flows only 11 km, and the rest, more than 600, fall on the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk region. With us, it has become the border between Pervomaisky and Oktyabrsky districts, and partly the border of the city itself.

Of course, on the banks of this beautiful plain, enough deep river people have long settled: in the middle of the last century, for example, in the area railway bridge in Pervomaisky district, a bronze statuette of the Middle Ages was found.

In the last century, two dams were built on the Ina, one of them, Belovskaya, forms a whole reservoir! However, we are talking about the feature of Novosibirsk ...

Everyone who travels along the Berdskoye Highway can admire the high and steep right bank of the Inya. Mountain tourists traditionally train here, and a ski complex has recently been built. When crossing the river in this area, a whole complex of bridges, 4 railway tracks and a road bridge were built. Interchanges continue to be built to this day.

It flows into the Ob Inya near the Borok quarry, opposite Kustovoy Island. There are many islets in its delta, there are also quite large ones, there are several large tributaries.

river Kamenka

photo from the site

- perhaps the most famous of her city sisters.

It has been built up since the beginning of the construction of the bridge across the Ob at the end of the 19th century, that is, in fact, at that time it was the center of our nascent city.

At the same time, by the way, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe today's Oktyabrskaya metro station, the so-called "Devil's Settlement" was discovered - traces of Neolithic sites, and later ceramic products were found in the same area medieval period. Apparently, the banks of Kamenka have always been attractive for housing.

Interestingly, until the 60s of the last century, the housing problem in this area was solved by “self-occupation” - quickly, in one day, a house was built in one of the huge ravines, then a fire inspector came, and if he did not find danger (that is, a stove was built well), then, after paying the fine, the happy owner became the legal owner of his home. Remains of this squatter have been preserved to this day.

A little south of the railway bridge, the Kamenka flows into the Ob, although now its mouth is hidden under the embankment and the Gorodskoye Nachalo park. And its source is located not far from the Mochishche station, but it crosses the city line in the middle of its length, and in the city its length is as much as 12 kilometers.

Kamenka flows through the Dzerzhinsky district, then serves as the border between the Central and Oktyabrsky districts. By the way, until 1929 the Oktyabrsky district was called Zakamensky, but it was less fortunate in terms of the name than Zaeltsovsky, and historical name did not return to him.

Kamenka got its name because of the rocky shores: quarries worked on it, where gray granite was mined, and millstones were made from it. Material for several brick factories was also mined here.

It is clear that due to industrial and domestic waste, the water in Kamenka gradually became undrinkable.

In the first half of the last century, the rapidly growing city began to experience inconvenience from the river in its very center. At first, several bridges were built across Kamenka, but in the 60s it was decided to wash out its ravines and hide part of the river. Now the Kamenskaya highway passes over it, and the open part has remained, for the most part, in the Dzerzhinsky district: dams on the street. Koshurnikova, Volochaevskaya, the bridge on Dzerzhinsky Avenue.

Kamyshenka

photo by Alena Gruya

- a very small, unremarkable river-stream, its length is only 4 km.

However, it is a real champion in naming: the river gave its name to the Klyuch-Kamyshensky plateau (where its source is located) and the Kamyshenskaya railway station, Kamyshensky log street and ten Kamyshensky lanes!

Kamyshenka flows in the Oktyabrsky district, from Ryabinovaya street. Then it serves as the border of the Inyushensky park, flowing along it, and through a pipe under the embankment of the railway it goes outside on Bolshevik Street, opposite the Borok quarry. Here the river ... disappears, leaving underground. Previously, apparently, Kamyshenka flowed into Inya, but over the years it became shallow and changed its course.

Unfortunately, this river is one of the most polluted, which is not surprising - because it flows entirely within the city.

Despite its small size, Kamyshenka often flooded coastal houses during the spring flood. Now its channel is deepened and expanded.

Kamyshenka's neighbor is a larger river

Plyushchikha,

photo from the site

gave the name to the new housing estate .

Plyushchikha takes its source near the village of Razdolnoye, but basically (and its length is 11 kilometers) it flows through the territory of the Oktyabrsky district, crosses the Bolshevik street along the collector and flows into the Ob almost in the same place as Inya.

There, in the area of ​​​​the Bugrinsky bridge, there are several lakes, as well as islands, the largest of which is about. Bush. The mayor's office plans to improve this site for summer holidays.

The banks of Plyushchikha are mostly uninhabited, because it flows through forests and, especially, ravines, like its tributary streams. According to local residents, these places are mushroom. A significant area on its shore is occupied by the Gusinobrodsky cemetery. A deep ravine-channel serves as a section between the Klyuch-Kamyshensky plateau and the rest of the region; a flyover has recently been built to connect them.

In recent years, the Plyushchikha channel has also been strengthened, the river has become wider and deeper. But even in it, the water, unfortunately, is far from suitable for food.

Finally, let's get acquainted with the only left-bank river, and, moreover, a very long one. -