Bridge to the Crimea specifications. Construction of the century: traffic on the Crimean bridge has been launched. The geographical location of the Crimean bridge

At the opening ceremony of the road section of the Crimean Bridge. The head of state got acquainted with the readiness single center management road traffic and all operational services to the work of the transport transition. The traffic on the bridge will start on May 16.

The Crimean bridge will connect the Kerch Peninsula (Crimea) with the Taman Peninsula ( Krasnodar region). It will ensure uninterrupted transport connection Crimea since mainland Russia. The bridge starts at Taman Peninsula, passes along the existing five-kilometer dam and the island of Tuzla, crosses Kerch Strait, rounding Cape Ak-Burun from the north, and goes to the Crimean coast. The transport crossing consists of parallel automobile and railway routes. Pedestrian zones and bike lanes are not provided.

Story

The railway bridge across the Kerch Strait was first built during the Great Patriotic War. In the fall of 1944, it was erected by Soviet military engineers in 150 days. bridge connected Krasnodar coast in the area of ​​the Chushka Spit with Crimean coast near the village of Zhukovka. The structure, 4.5 km long and 22 m wide, consisted of 115 spans and a device for passing ships. On February 18, 1945, the bridge was destroyed by a powerful ice drift from Sea of ​​Azov. Instead of a bridge crossing, on September 22, 1954, a ferry service across the Kerch Strait began to operate (Krasnodar port "Caucasus" - port "Crimea").

Since the late 1990s, the idea of ​​building a combined car- railway bridge across the strait was actively discussed by the Russian and Ukrainian authorities. In February 2014, after the violent change of power in Ukraine, the negotiations were terminated. In March of the same year, Crimea was reunited with Russia. The main transport corridor connecting the peninsula with the mainland of the Russian Federation remained the Kerch ferry crossing.

On March 19, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin set the task for the Russian Ministry of Transport to build a bridge across the strait in two versions - road and rail. Of the several proposed projects, the one that provided for construction not in the narrowest section of the strait, like a bridge built in 1944, was recognized as the most optimal, but to the south - from the Taman Peninsula to Kerch across the island of Tuzla. In August 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin approved the project documentation for the construction of a bridge with highway and electrified railroad tracks.

Project executors

The customer of the project was the Federal State Institution "Department of Federal highways"Taman" of the Federal Road Agency of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the government decree dated January 30, 2015, Stroygazmontazh LLC (part of the Arkady Rotenberg SGM group of companies) was appointed as the general contractor for the work. The bridge construction project is managed by OOO Stroygazmontazh-Most.

Almost 220 Russian enterprises are involved in the construction of the bridge, more than 30 bridge crews, more than 10 thousand workers and over 1.5 thousand engineering and technical specialists are involved in the construction.

Main technical characteristics

• The total length of the bridge is 19 km (it will become the longest in Russia);
• a four-lane highway (two lanes in each direction) with a total capacity of up to 40,000 vehicles per day;
• allowed speed on the highway for cars - 90 km / h;
• two railway tracks with a capacity of up to 47 pairs of trains per day;
• allowed speed passenger trains- 90 km/h, trucks - 80 km/h;
• capacity - 14 million passengers and 13 million tons of cargo per year;
• arched spans 35 m high are provided for navigation.

The transport crossing project also includes the construction of railway and automobile infrastructure along both banks of the Kerch Strait. More than 100 km of roads and railways are being built.

Railway approaches to the bridge from the side Krasnodar Territory and Crimea - these are roads with a length of 40 and 17.5 km. They will be put into operation in 2019, simultaneously with the railway part of the crossing.

Financing

The cost of the state contract for the design and construction of the bridge (expenses of the contractor LLC Stroygazmontazh) was approved in the amount of 223 billion 143 million rubles in the prices of the corresponding years. The total cost of construction will be 227.922 billion rubles. The work is carried out only at the expense of the federal budget within the framework of the federal target program "Socio-economic development of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol until 2020."

Name of the bridge

Until the end of 2017, the transport crossing through the Kerch Strait had no official name. The question of the name of the future bridge was asked to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a big press conference on December 23, 2016. In response, the head of state offered to find out the opinion of Russians through a survey.

On November 16, 2017, a voting started on the website nazovimost.rf, during which users were asked to choose a name for the bridge. The five most popular options were submitted for consideration: Crimean, Kerch, Tuzlinsky, Friendship Bridge and Reunification Bridge. Voting participants could also propose their own version of the name.

Construction stages

By the end of 2015, the necessary infrastructure for construction was created on both sides of the Kerch Strait. To provide transport links with offshore areas, temporary working bridges were erected, from which technological work was carried out in the water area of ​​the strait. In October 2015, the first working bridge, 1.2 km long, connected the Taman Peninsula and Tuzla. Two more (with a length of 1.8 and 2 km) - towards each other from Kerch and Tuzla Island - were put into operation in the summer of 2016. On March 18 of the same year, Russian President Vladimir Putin visited the construction site for the first time.

On March 10, 2016, builders began the construction of pile foundations for the Kerch bridge supports on land, and on May 17, on offshore sections.

In mid-June 2017, the assembly of the navigable arch of the railway part of the bridge was completed (weight - about 6 thousand tons, consists of more than 400 large elements). The railway span is a combination of a span structure with through main trusses and an arch. Installation of the arch began on August 27, 2017. It was delivered to the transport crossing by a special floating system, then the structure was lifted onto the fairway supports. On August 29, the railway arch span was raised to the design height. Maritime operation for the transportation and lifting of the arch has become unique for the Russian bridge building. According to the construction information center, arched spans with such dimensions have not yet been installed in marine conditions.

At the end of July 2017, on the Kerch coast, the assembly of the road part of the bridge was completed (weight - about 5.5 thousand tons, consists of almost 200 large elements). Arched spans are the most dimensional elements of the Crimean bridge, the length of each is 227 m, the height of the arch at the highest point is 45 m. On October 11, 2017, the operation to transport the road arch began. On October 12, the arched span was raised to the fairway supports and secured. Once installed, it provided unobstructed passage for ships through a free space 185 m wide and 35 m high above sea level.

On February 2, 2017, the construction of spans between the marine supports of the crossing began. By the beginning of 2018, almost all piles for the road and railway parts of the future bridge were installed - more than 6.5 thousand pieces. In some areas, the depth of their immersion reached 105 m, which corresponds to the height of a 35-storey building. More than 130,000 of almost 250,000 tons of metal structures of superstructures were assembled.

By the end of April 2018, the builders had completed the laying of the asphalt concrete pavement on the road part of the transport crossing, performed static and dynamic tests of this part of the bridge. In early May, the construction customer - the Taman Federal Highway Administration - accepted the road part of the Crimean Bridge to complete preparations for the opening of traffic.

Opening of traffic on the bridge

The opening of the working movement of cars on the bridge was planned in December 2018, the beginning of temporary operation railway line- in December 2019.

In a number of areas, work was carried out ahead of schedule. On March 14, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin, who visited the construction site, did not rule out that the movement of cars would be opened ahead of schedule. At the same time, the head of the Stroygazmontazh company, Arkady Rotenberg, said that the builders would be ready to hand over the automotive part of the facility after May 9, 2018.

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation is considering a phased scheme for organizing traffic on the automobile part of the passage through the Kerch Strait. At the first stage - in May 2018 - the passage will be open for passenger transport And passenger buses. Beginning of regular traffic freight transport scheduled for the end of 2018.

According to the Crimean Bridge information center, traffic for motorists will be opened on May 16 at 05:30 Moscow time simultaneously from both banks of the Kerch Strait. At the same time, the entrance to the auto-approaches to the bridge from the side of Tamansky and Kerch Peninsula will open one hour before the official launch of the movement. From the Krasnodar Territory to the bridge leads federal highway A-290 to the interchange with the new road on the Taman Peninsula, then 40 km along the auto-approach to the bridge. From the side of Crimea, traffic starts from the interchange on the existing Simferopol-Kerch highway and further 8.6 km to the transport crossing.

Many Russians note that the Crimean bridge across the Kerch Strait is a real building XXI century. There have never been construction works of similar scale in the history of Russia! Below you can find out all the details and features of the construction, will be presented last news, photos, characteristics of the future design.

What is the Crimean bridge?

The bridge, which will connect the Taman Peninsula of continental Russia with that in the east of Crimea, promises to be a discovery in the coming years. This is because it will provide an opportunity for continuous communication between the Russian Federation and Taurida - by rail and by road.

Where is the bridge on the map?

It will be located in the Kerch Strait, passing from Taman through the spit and Tuzla Island and going to the southern part of the city of Kerch, to the Nizhnyaya Cement Slobidka microdistrict. Here is its location on the map:

Open map

Main characteristics

As reported, the total length of the structure will be 19 km, while the bridges will be only on the sections "Taman - Tuzla" and "Tuzla - Kerch", their length will be 1.4 and 6.1 km, respectively. How many kilometers will it take to cross the Taman Peninsula and the Tuzla Spit? Based on the calculation - 5 and 6.5 km.

Briefly about the history of the first Kerch bridge

Of course, we could not ignore the fact that the current project of the Crimean bridge is not the first one. The idea to build it through arose even when Russian Empire, at the beginning of the 20th century, however, implementation attempts occurred only in 1942-1943, and not by Soviet, but by German developers, during the Second World War. But they failed to implement the developments: the Red Army launched a counteroffensive.

In 1944, the USSR authorities decided to build the Kerch railway bridge. Due to the relative simplicity of the design, the work went very quickly - at the end of the year, movement began here. Nevertheless, using simple techniques, using partially wooden piles and elements of spans, the leaders received a vulnerable building, which quickly fell into disrepair.

Other attempts were made, plans and projects were developed, but they were not implemented - in 1950 at the top Soviet Union decided to stop construction work and come to grips with the construction, through which both freight and passenger ships reach the Crimea to this day.

Yes, Kerch bridge is a complex project, both technically and ideologically. However, having carried out a competent approach to the matter, analyzing in detail the features of the local landscape, it is possible to bring it to life, which is what Russian specialists are doing now. Very soon, the very long-awaited moment of the opening of a new, truly grandiose transport hub awaits us, multiplying the tourist flow by !

In recent days, like everyone else, but a few), he enthusiastically followed the installation of the railway span of the Crimean bridge. I will not dwell on the uniqueness of the structure, technological difficulties, a lot has already been written about this.

After some of the Svidomo people did believe that the bridge was a reality, and not the scenery at Mosfilm, the dill cry took a different direction, now they are moaning that the height of the bridge spans, which is 35 meters, will allegedly limit the passage of large-capacity ships to the ports of Mariupol and Berdyansk.

We will analyze this in detail, I have not seen clear explanations for non-specialists. At the beginning I will give a small glossary explaining some terms that cannot be avoided.

Air draft - literally - air draft or the height of the vessel from the current waterline to the very high point(usually a clot or whip antenna for the VHF band), hereinafter AD.

Deadweight is one of the most commonly used characteristics of merchant ships, not to be confused with displacement and gross and net tonnage, hereinafter referred to as DWT.

LOA - lenght over all - the maximum length of the vessel, not to be confused with the length between perpendiculars or the length along the waterline, hereinafter LOA

MAP - maritime port administration

KEK-Kerch Yenikal Canal

The maximum permitted draft for vessels using KEK is 8 meters. Installed back in 1970 by MAP Kerch.

Consider which sea vessels have such a draft, river and "river-sea" can be lowered, since their AD is not more than 7 - 10 meters, they can pass under the bridge in any condition. Draft of 8 meters on the summer waterline corresponds to ships with a DWT of 7000 - 12000 tons, different types, these are small bulk carriers and container ships - feeders. The blood pressure of such vessels is within 20 - 30 meters. In addition, when building ships with an AD of more than 35 meters, the masts are made collapsible (customer's option), since many bridges in Europe and America have a span height of 35 - 40 meters.

It may be objected to me that there are some hypothetical scenarios when it is necessary to pass a really large-tonnage vessel in ballast or with an underload of 8 meters of draft, and the bridge will limit it. Yes, there are such scenarios, but they are few.

1. A ship is being chartered, let's say the size of Panamax, it is a LOA of 300 meters, a DWT of 65,000 tons, a draft in a load of 12.5 meters. You can load it only 8 meters, and this is 40,000 - 45,000 tons of cargo maximum, everything seems to be simple, but there is a BUT. In commercial maritime practice, there is the term "dead freight", if a DWT ship of 65,000 tons is chartered, and 40,000 tons are transported, then the freight is paid as for the transportation of 65,000 tons. On tonnage saturated lines, where there is a struggle for every dollar per ton, such actions will look simply stupid.

2. A large-tonnage vessel with a blood pressure of more than 35 meters, in ballast, goes to the port of the Sea of ​​Azov for repairs. It's simple - there are no docks in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov and shipyards capable of receiving such vessels.

In conclusion, throughout 2015 and 2016, MAP Kerch monitored vessels passing KEK, the maximum recorded BP of a vessel was 32.2 meters.

That is, the Crimean bridge does not create ANY restrictions for the ports of the Sea of ​​Azov, there were, are and will be restrictions, but they do not apply to the bridge.

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Crimean bridge: how Putin's megaproject should change the life of the south of Russia

Today, May 15, the grand opening of the automobile bridge across the Kerch Strait will take place, which will connect Crimea with the mainland of Russia. President Vladimir Putin is expected to attend the ceremony. Tomorrow, private transport will be allowed to run along the longest overpass in Russia. About how the most large-scale construction was carried out recent years, how much it cost the budget and what will change in the life of the south of Russia after the opening of the Crimean bridge - in the material of the site.

Why do we need a bridge

Talk about the need to connect the coasts of the Crimea and the Kuban was conducted back in the days of tsarist Russia. But it was only in 1944 that Soviet engineers managed to translate the idea into reality for the first time, who built the railway crossing in record time. According to some reports, the work was started by the Germans who occupied the peninsula, and after the liberation of the Crimea, Soviet builders used abandoned German equipment and building materials in their work. However, the crossing did not stand for a long time - the bridge was destroyed by a strong ice drift already at the beginning of 1945.

The construction of the new bridge began in February 2016, almost two years after the annexation of Crimea to Russia. The project was driven by both economic and political reasons.

After the loss of Crimea, Ukraine announced its complete blockade. In fact, the peninsula has become an island. And if before the Russians ground transport could safely get to Crimea through Ukraine, then after 2014 they had to rely on ferry crossings. Due to bad weather, ferries sometimes have to wait for hours, and during storms, crossings are completely closed.

To provide comfortable way movement, especially in tourist season and the decision was made to build a bridge. The general contractor for the construction was Stroygazmontazh, a billionaire close to Putin, Arkady Rotenberg.

Characteristics and cost of the Crimean bridge

The length of the new facility is 19 kilometers, of which 7.5 kilometers pass by sea. Prior to this, the Presidential Bridge in Ulyanovsk was considered the longest, a little less than 13 km long.

The Crimean bridge begins on the Taman Peninsula, crosses a five-kilometer dam, Tuzla Island. Then it crosses the Kerch Strait, skirting Cape Ak-Burun from the north, and reaches the Crimean coast.

Screenshot from Yandex maps

The overpass consists of parallel road and rail sections. The highway has four lanes (two in each direction) and is designed for 40,000 cars per day (this is four times more possibilities ferry crossing- approx. ed.). Max speed traffic on the road will be 120 km/h. You can drive from one coast to the other in about 15 minutes.

The railway section consists of two tracks, the capacity is up to 47 pairs of trains per day. It is expected that annually Crimean bridge trains will carry about 14 million passengers. Sea vessels will pass through specially provided arched spans.

Bridge's official Twitter page

The construction of the Crimean bridge cost almost 228 billion rubles. The funds were allocated under the federal target program"Socio-economic development of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol until 2020". According to data from open sources, the Crimean bridge has become the most expensive such structure in Europe and is one of the five most expensive bridges world (along with the Bay Bridges in California, the Jiaozhou Bay Overpass in China and the Great Belt Bridge in Denmark).

How will the overpass work?

The road bridge was built six months ahead of schedule. Today Vladimir Putin is to inspect the transport crossing. Construction equipment will have to pass over the bridge. Together with engineers and builders, the head of state will check the work of the traffic control center.

Traffic on the Crimean bridge will be introduced in stages. Cars And public transport for the first time they will be allowed on the overpass on the morning of May 16, from the fall of 2018 trucks should start driving on the bridge. The commissioning of the railway lines under construction is scheduled for December 2019.

official site for the construction of the Crimean bridge/most.life

For those who will go on the Crimean bridge for the first time, in the information center prepared a note with tips. Among the recommendations are to prepare in advance a portion of shrimp for the cat Mostik, who has become a kind of guardian of the construction site, to “sit on the path” on the bench, which they put on observation deck overlooking the bridge.

It is advised to move along the overpass to the hit of the “construction of the century” “I am hammering a pile”, turned on at full capacity. And under the vaults of arches, on which the illumination will turn on at night, you can make a wish.

official site for the construction of the Crimean bridge/most.life

The bridge will be open around the clock. Guard posts will be placed in the area of ​​the overpass for security purposes. According to preliminary estimates of experts, the maintenance of the crossing will cost about 480 million rubles annually.

Difficulties and emergencies during construction

During the construction of the overpass, it was repeatedly reported that the timing of its launch was in jeopardy. In particular, difficulties arose with the design and construction of engineering and technical systems for ensuring the transport safety of the bridge. The project was not able to get the approval of Glavgosexpertiza on time. As a result, the implementation of the state security contract was postponed until December 2019. First of all, this means a delay in the start of the movement of freight transport.

In addition, during construction, an error was discovered with the choice of soil for the earthen embankment along which the railway approaches to the bridge were laid. To correct the situation, as the media wrote, it took about three billion rubles.

official site for the construction of the Crimean bridge/most.life

The "construction of the century" was not without incident. On March 19, 2016, a Turkish ship crashed into the supports of a working bridge under construction, designed to deliver goods for the construction of a bridge across the Kerch Strait. As a result of the accident, one of the bridge piers was destroyed, the neighboring piers were displaced. The amount of damage was estimated at 120 million rubles. But this incident did not affect the timing of the construction of the bridge.

Some scientists (mostly from Ukraine) question the durability of the Crimean bridge. According to them, in the area of ​​the overpass, reliable primary soils are located at a depth of 90 meters in some places, and they doubt that the Russian builders drove the piles so deep. In addition, the Kerch Strait is located in the region of a tectonic fault and deep mud volcanoes. When they "breathe", the ground vibrates, which can also affect the strength of the bridge.

What will change with the start of the bridge?

According to preliminary calculations of experts, thanks to the bridge, the tourist flow to Crimea will increase by 40 percent (up to 10 million people). Simultaneously with the overpass was updated road map peninsulas - new interchanges, roadside cafes, hotels, markets and other elements of roadside infrastructure have appeared. In this regard, logistics will be simplified, it will become easier to deliver products, building materials and other necessary goods to Crimea. In addition, the opening of the bridge will lead to a decrease in the price of petroleum products. This forecast was previously voiced by the head of the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) Igor Artemyev.

No matter where you are in Russia, you have heard news about Russia's most ambitious federal-level project more than once. We are talking about the Crimean bridge across the Kerch Strait. In this article, we will briefly analyze everything you wanted to know about it - important characteristics, exact facts, figures and plans.

What will happen in the end?

The height above the water is not the most grandiose feature of this project. However, we will definitely return to these data. The object itself is truly large-scale - it will be one of the longest bridges in Russia (total length - 19 km). The crossing will be both a highway and a railway.

The bridge will originate on the Taman Peninsula, then pass along a five-kilometer dam, cross about. Tuzla. Then it will spread across the Kerch Strait, so that from the side of Cape Ak-Burun it will reach the coast of the Crimean Peninsula.

According to preliminary plans, the first cars will pass through the bridge in December 2018. And the movement of trains will be launched a little later - in 2019.

Brief history and construction features

Just a few words about the history of the design and construction of the Crimean bridge across the Kerch Strait. The idea was born immediately after the historical reunification of the Russian Federation and Crimea. In January 2015, a detailed concept of a grandiose transport crossing was already ready.

The next stage is the issuance by the Government of Russia of an order to determine a single contractor, who is obliged both to fully prepare and submit the project, and to bring it to life. Even the development had to include all the details, including the calculation of the height of the arch of the Crimean bridge.

On January 30, 2015, the Government of the Russian Federation issued Decree No. 118-r, which identified the main persons involved in the project. February 17, 2015 federal highways"Taman" of the Russian highway signed a contract with "Stroygazmontazh" LLC. And this organization in April of the same year entered into an agreement on the development of the project with CJSC "Institute Giprostroymost St. Petersburg". In 2015, LLC "SGM-Most" was also created - an organization whose goal is to manage the construction of the facility.

• Silty bottom.
• Increased seismic activity.
• specific climatic conditions.

All this must be taken into account in order to build a durable structure that requires a minimum of repair and restoration work in the future in order to avoid terrible tragedies.

About shipping arches

The new bridge will in no way impede or restrict navigation on the route through the Kerch Strait. For the unhindered passage of ships and ships, special arches 227 meters long are provided.

What is the height of the Crimean bridge above the water? It rises 35 meters above the surface of the sea. From this it turns out that the scaffold clearance is equal to this figure.

About the highway

Along with the height of the Crimean bridge above the water, Russians are interested to know the characteristics of the future highway:

• It is planned to launch a four-lane highway: two in one direction, two in the other.
• The estimated speed of vehicles on the bridge will reach 120 km/h.
• It is estimated that the capacity of the crossing currently under construction will reach 40,000 vehicles of various sizes per day!

About the railway

Travelers and lovers southern holiday on the shore of gentle warm sea what worries me is not so much the height of the Crimean bridge above the water as the features of the railway traffic on it.

Here is the necessary information:

• The throughput feature of the crossing is estimated by experts at 47 train pairs per day.
• Estimated travel speed passenger trains will be 120 km/h.
• Now about "commodity workers". The maximum speed of freight trains is 80 km/h.

The railway will run next to the road, parallel to the latter.

Project Goals

So, we figured out the most important characteristics of the Crimean bridge under construction. Let's look at the goals pursued by the state, starting this grandiose project:

• Creation of a completely free road connection both with Sevastopol and with the whole Crimea.
• Increase tourist attraction region due to the ease of access to it.
• Uninterrupted freight and passenger rail traffic.
• Height investment attractiveness both Kuban and the Crimean peninsula.
• Impulse for economic development southern regions RF.
• Establishing a stable trade turnover between mainland Russia and the peninsula.

So we found out not only that the height of the Crimean bridge over the smooth surface of the Black Sea is 35 meters, but also others interesting information about this great object. You can continue to follow the progress of its construction both on the official website of the project and in the communities of a number of social networks- "VKontakte", "Twitter", "Odnoklassniki", "Facebook", "Instagram", on "YouTube".